Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev: years of life, short biography, family and creativity, interesting facts from life. Tyutchev detailed biography, Tyutchev diplomacy and interesting facts Tyutchev biography interesting facts from life

Estate F.I. Tyutcheva, s. Ovstug Reshetnev S.M.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev born on December 5, 1803 in the family estate of Ovstug, Oryol province. As was customary in noble families, he received an excellent education at home with a humanitarian and literary bent. His teacher was S.E. Raich (brother of Moscow Metropolitan Philaret). At the age of 14, Tyutchev became an employee of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. From 1819 to 1821 Tyutchev studied at the verbal department of Moscow University. Having completed the course, F.I. Tyutchev enters the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In 1822, Tyutchev was transferred to serve at the Russian embassy in Munich (Germany). Where he served from 1822 to 1837.
Having settled in Munich, Tyutchev falls madly in love with young Amalia von Lerchenfeld (the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian King Frederick William III and Princess Thurn and Taxis). Nature endowed Amalia with a beautiful appearance and the king’s daughter was not against taking any advantageous position in the world. But Tyutchev suffered a setback - as soon as he went on vacation, Amalia married his colleague, Baron Krunder. They say there was even a duel between them on this basis. Tyutchev marries Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer. Tyutchev was only 22, and the countess had recently become a widow and had four sons aged from one to seven years; moreover, Tyutchev’s chosen one was four years older than him, so they decided to hold the wedding in secret. Tyutchev lived with Eleanor for 12 years. From this union he had three daughters: Anna, Daria, Ekaterina. Career growth was difficult for Tyutchev; his family was large and there was not enough money. The Tyutchevs lived from paycheck to paycheck, often getting into debt. In February 1833, Tyutchev went to a ball and met there the sister of the Bavarian publicist Pfeffel, 22-year-old Ernestina. Ernestina was married to an elderly man and, as fate would have it, he died a few days after the ball. Tyutchev falls in love with Ernestine. The poet's soul is torn between two women. He wanted to be with both his wife and Ernestina, but this was not destined to happen. Ernestine left Munich. Eleanor, having learned about her husband’s adventures, tried to commit suicide, but fortunately remained alive; later she would forgive Tyutchev’s betrayal.
From 1837 to 1839 Tyutchev served in Turin (Italy). The poet lived abroad for 22 years, only occasionally coming to Russia. He was engaged in translations (including from G. Heine), his poems and translations were published in Moscow almanacs and magazines. In 1837, Tyutchev's first wife, Eleanor, dies. Two years later, the poet married Ernestine Dernberg, who adopted his daughters. Subsequently, Ernestina will give birth to Tyutchev two more sons: Dmitry and Ivan. The second marriage cost Tyutchev his career - for the wedding the poet was forced to travel to Switzerland without permission, which was strictly prohibited. Tyutchev resigned and moved again to Munich, where he lived for another five years, persistently trying to return to service in the Ministry. Tyutchev was an educated and witty person, therefore he enjoyed great success (as later in Russia) among the Munich intelligentsia and aristocracy, and was friends with Schelling and Heine (Tyutchev became the first translator of Heine into Russian). In 1844, Tyutchev returned to Russia and was restored to his rights and titles. In 1848 he returned to the diplomatic service as senior censor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In 1850, Tyutchev falls in love again. E.A. becomes his chosen one. Denisyeva is a cool lady at the institute where his daughters studied. As before, Tyutchev is torn between two loved ones. Elena Alexandrovna selflessly loved Tyutchev. The children born to Elena Alexandrovna (daughter Elena and son Fyodor) were recorded as Tyutchevs, but they were doomed to the sad fate of “illegitimate” in those days.
Since 1858, Tyutchev headed the Committee of Foreign Censorship. On May 22, 1864, Denisyeva gave birth to Tyutchev’s son Nikolai; after giving birth, her tuberculosis began to worsen and on August 4 she died in the poet’s arms. For a long time, relations with Ernestina were limited to correspondence, but then they met and the family was reunited. The last years of the poet’s life were overshadowed by heavy losses: his eldest son, brother, and daughter Maria died.
On January 1, 1873, Tyutchev, without listening to any warnings, left the house for a walk and to visit friends. Soon he was brought back paralyzed on the left side. Ernestina did not leave Tyutchev’s bedside, caring for him. Tyutchev lived for another half a year and died on July 15.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803−1873) - Russian poet. Also known as a publicist and diplomat. Author of two collections of poems, winner of a number of the highest state titles and awards. Currently, Tyutchev's works are compulsorily studied in several classes of secondary schools. The main thing in his work is nature, love, Motherland, and philosophical reflections.

Classmates

Brief biography: early life and training

Fyodor Ivanovich was born on November 23, 1803 (December 5, old style) in the Oryol province, in the Ovstug estate. The future poet received his primary education at home, studying Latin and ancient Roman poetry. His childhood years largely predetermined Tyutchev’s life and work.

As a child, Tyutchev loved nature very much; according to his memoirs, he “lived the same life with it.” As was customary at that time, the boy had a private teacher, Semyon Egorovich Raich, a translator, poet and simply a person with a broad education. According to the memoirs of Semyon Yegorovich, it was impossible not to love the boy, the teacher became very attached to him. Young Tyutchev was calm, affectionate, and talented. It was the teacher who instilled in his student a love of poetry, taught him to understand serious literature, and encouraged creative impulses and the desire to write poetry on his own.

Fyodor's father, Ivan Nikolaevich, was a gentle, calm, reasonable person, a real role model. His contemporaries called him a wonderful family man, a good, loving father and husband.

The poet's mother was Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya, second cousin of Count F. P. Tolstoy, the famous sculptor. From her, young Fedor inherited dreaminess and a rich imagination. Subsequently, it was with the help of his mother that he met other great writers: L.N. and A.K. Tolstoy.

At the age of 15, Tyutchev entered Moscow University in the department of literature, from which he graduated two years later with the degree of candidate of literary sciences. From that moment on, his service began abroad, at the Russian embassy in Munich. During his service, the poet made personal acquaintance with the German poet, publicist and critic Heinrich Heine, and the philosopher Friedrich Schelling.

In 1826, Tyutchev met Eleanor Peterson, his future wife. One of the interesting facts about Tyutchev: at the time of meeting the poet, the young woman had already been a widow for a year, and she had four young sons. Therefore, Fyodor and Eleanor had to hide their relationship for several years. They subsequently became the parents of three daughters.

Interesting, that Tyutchev did not dedicate poems to his first wife; Only one poem dedicated to her memory is known.

Despite his love for his wife, according to biographers, the poet had other connections. For example, in the winter of 1833, Tyutchev met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel (Dernberg in his first marriage), became interested in the young widow, and wrote poetry for her. To avoid scandal, the loving young diplomat had to be sent to Turin.

The poet's first wife, Eleanor, died in 1838. The ship on which the family sailed to Turin suffered a disaster, and this seriously undermined the young woman’s health. This was a great loss for the poet; he sincerely grieved. According to contemporaries, after spending the night at his wife’s coffin, the poet turned gray in just a few hours.

However, having endured the required period of mourning, a year later he resumed his relationship with Ernestina Dernberg and subsequently married her. In this marriage, the poet also had children, a daughter and two sons.

In 1835 Fyodor Ivanovich received the rank of chamberlain. In 1839, he stopped his diplomatic activities, but remained abroad, where he did a lot of work, creating a positive image of Russia in the West - this was the main task of this period of his life. All his endeavors in this area were supported by Emperor Nicholas I. In fact, he was officially allowed to speak independently in the press about political problems arising between Russia and Europe.

The beginning of a literary journey

In 1810-1820 The first poems of Fyodor Ivanovich were written. As one would expect, they were still youthful, bore the stamp of archaism, and were very reminiscent of the poetry of a bygone century. In 20−40 years. the poet turned to various forms of both Russian lyrics and European romanticism. His poetry during this period becomes more original and original.

In 1836, a notebook with poems by Fyodor Ivanovich, then unknown to anyone, came to Pushkin.

The poems were signed with only two letters: F. T. Alexander Sergeevich liked them so much that they were published in Sovremennik. But the name Tyutchev became known only in the 50s, after another publication in Sovremennik, which was then headed by Nekrasov.

In 1844, Tyutchev returned to Russia, and in 1848 he was offered the position of senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At that time, the Belinsky circle emerged, in which the poet took an active part. Together with him there are such famous writers, like Turgenev, Goncharov, Nekrasov.

In total, he spent twenty-two years outside Russia. But all these years Russia appeared in his poems. It was “Fatherland and Poetry” that the young diplomat loved most, as he admitted in one of his letters. At this time, however, Tyutchev almost did not publish, and as a poet he was completely unknown in Russia.

Relations with E. A. Deniseva

While working as a senior censor, while visiting his eldest daughters, Ekaterina and Daria, at the institute, Fyodor Ivanovich met Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva. Despite the significant difference in age (the girl was the same age as his daughters!), they began a relationship that ended only with the death of Elena, and three children appeared. Elena had to sacrifice many for the sake of this connection: the career of a maid of honor, relationships with friends and father. But she was probably happy with the poet. And he dedicated poems to her - even fifteen years later.

In 1864, Denisyeva died, and the poet did not even try to hide the pain of his loss in front of his acquaintances and friends. He suffered from pangs of conscience: due to the fact that he put his beloved in an ambiguous position, he did not fulfill his promise to publish a collection of poems dedicated to her. Another grief was the death of two children, Tyutchev and Deniseva.

During this period, Tyutchev was promoted quite quickly:

in 1857 he was appointed full-time state councilor;
in 1858 - chairman of the Committee of Foreign Censorship;
in 1865 - Privy Councilor.

Besides, the poet was awarded several orders.

Collections of poems

In 1854, the first collection of the poet’s poems was published, edited by I. S. Turgenev. The main themes of his work:

nature;
Love;
Homeland;
the meaning of life.

In many poems one can see a tender, reverent love for the Motherland and worries about its fate. Tyutchev’s political position is also reflected in his work: the poet was a supporter of the ideas of pan-Slavism (in other words, that all Slavic peoples would unite under the rule of Russia), and an opponent of the revolutionary way of solving problems.

In 1868, the second collection of the poet’s lyrics was published, which, unfortunately, turned out to be no longer so popular.

All the poet’s lyrics - landscape, love, and philosophical - are necessarily imbued with reflections on what the purpose of man is, on questions of existence. It cannot be said that any of his poems are dedicated only to nature and love: all his themes are intertwined. Every poem by a poet- this is, at least briefly, but necessarily a reflection on something, for which he was often called a poet-thinker. I. S. Turgenev noted how skillfully Tyutchev depicts the various emotional experiences of a person.

The poems of recent years are more like a lyrical diary of life: here are confessions, reflections, and confessions.

In December 1872, Tyutchev fell ill: his vision deteriorated sharply, and the left half of his body was paralyzed. On July 15, 1873, the poet died. He died in Tsarskoe Selo and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg. Over the course of his entire life, the poet wrote about 400 poems.

Interesting fact: in 1981, asteroid 9927 was discovered at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, which was named after the poet - Tyutchev.

Interesting facts from the life of Tyutchev associated with his beloved women. Tyutchev was adored by women, they idolized him. Fyodor Ivanovich was never a Don Juan, a libertine, or a womanizer. He adored women and they responded in kind. His many beautiful lyrical poems are dedicated specifically to women.
1. Fyodor Tyutchev in 1822 was appointed as a freelance official at the diplomatic mission in Munich
In the spring of 1823 (he was 23 years old) he met in Munich the very young (15-16 years old) Countess Amalia Lörchenfeldor (better known as Krüdener). At the time they met, Amalia knew that she was very beautiful and had already learned to command men. Pushkin, Heine and the Bavarian King Ludwig were also fond of it. And Tyutchev (as he was called Theodor) was modest, sweet, always embarrassed when meeting her, but was very helpful in his relations with Amalia. They began to sympathize with each other, exchanged watch chains (Tyutchev gave her a gold one, and she gave him a silk one). They walked together a lot around Munich, through its beautiful suburbs, and on the banks of the beautiful Danube.

In 1824, Fyodor Tyutchev gave Amalia the poem “Your sweet gaze, full of innocent passion...”, and also decided to ask Amalia’s hand in marriage from her parents. The girl herself agreed, but her parents did not, because they did not like the fact that Tyutchev was young, not rich, not titled. A little later, Amalia’s parents agreed to marry Tyutchev’s colleague, several years older than him, Baron Alexander Krudener.
Tyutchev was offended to the depths of his soul. Until the end of their days, Fyodor Tyutchev and Amalia Krudener remained spiritual friends. In 1836, Tyutchev wrote another poem, which he dedicated to Amalia “I remember the golden time...”, and in 1870 - “K.B.”:
I met you - and everything is gone
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time
And my heart felt so warm
2. Time, as we know, heals, and in 1826 Fyodor Tyutchev secretly married Eleanor Peterson, who was the widow of diplomat Alexander Peterson. She left four sons from her first marriage. Emilia-Eleanor Peterson was from the old count family of Bothmer. Eleanor was three years older than Fyodor Tyutchev. Their marriage lasted twelve years, they had three daughters. The first seven years of their family life were the happiest for Fyodor Tyutchev. Why are the other five years not so happy? Eleanor loved her husband very much, they simply idolized him. But in 1833 she finds out. that her husband became interested in Ernestina Dernberg, née Pfeffel (at that moment she was married to Baron Fritz Dernberg). She was one of the most beautiful girls in Munich. Well-bred, from the family of a Bavarian diplomat. In those years, Eleanor gained a little weight and became more domestic. And it’s not surprising. House, husband, children... And Ernestina was very young, many people liked her. So there was someone to be jealous of her husband. For Eleanor, this was a strong blow. She even tried to commit suicide by stabbing herself in the chest several times with a masquerade dagger.
After the publicity of all the events related to Tyutchev’s novel and Eleanor’s suicide attempt, Fyodor Ivanovich is transferred to work in the city of Turin. Eleanor forgave her husband because she loved him very much. They return to Russia, but after some time Tyutchev returned to Europe. In 1838, Eleanor, along with her three little daughters, boarded a ship to Lubeck to visit her husband. But on the night from 18 to 19 there was a strong fire on the ship. Eleanor suffered a great shock while saving her children. All these events completely undermined her health, and in August 1838, Eleanor died in the arms of her beloved husband. Tyutchev was so stunned by the death of his wife. that he turned gray overnight. Ten years after her death, he will write the poem “I am still languishing with the longing of desires...”
3. Already in 1839, Tyutchev married his beloved Ernestina Dernberg. Ernestina is beautiful, educated, very smart and she is very close to Tyutchev. He writes poems to her: “I love your eyes, my friend...”, “Dream”, “Upstream of your life”, “She was sitting on the floor...”, “The executing God took everything from me...etc.
These poems strikingly combine earthly love, marked by sensuality, passion, even demonism, and an unearthly, heavenly feeling. There is anxiety in the poems, fear of the possible “abyss” that may appear before those who love, but the lyrical hero tries to overcome these abysses. Tyutchev writes about his new wife: “... do not worry about me, for I am protected by the devotion of the creature, the best ever created by God. I won’t tell you about her love for me; even you might find it excessive. But what I cannot praise enough is her tenderness towards children and care for them, for which I don’t know how to thank her. The loss they had suffered was almost compensated for them... two weeks later the children became as attached to her as if they had never had another mother.”
Ernestina adopted all of Eleanor's daughters, and Tyutchev and Eleanor had three more children together - a daughter, Maria, and two sons, Dmitry and Ivan.
4. Unfortunately, Tyutchev was in love and he cheated on his wife often, and after 11 years of marriage he completely lost interest in her, since he was in love with Lelya Denisyeva. Elena Alexandrovna was from an impoverished noble family, her mother died when she was still little, her father married a second time, and Lelya was raised by her aunt. Lelya Denisyeva was 23 years younger than Tyutchev. How their relationship began and where their relationship began is unknown, but here’s what they said about Tyutchev’s relationship with Lelya: “The poet’s passion grew gradually until it finally evoked on Denisyeva’s part such a deep, so selfless, so passionate and energetic love that it embraced all of him.” creature, and he remained forever her prisoner...” But in the end, everyone suffered. Fyodor Ivanovich himself suffered endlessly, continuing to worship his wife and passionately, in an earthly way, adore young Lelya. His young mistress suffered, severely and categorically condemned by society for this broken marriage. Tyutchev did not need to invent passions for his works. He simply wrote down what he saw with his own eyes, what he experienced with his own heart.
Love for someone else's husband forced Lelya to lead a strange life. She herself remained the “Maiden Deniseva,” and her children bore the surname Tyutchev. A surname, but not a noble coat of arms. Her situation was very reminiscent of the one in which Princess Dolgorukaya, the morganatic wife of Alexander II, lived for many years. But unlike her confidante in misfortune, Lelya Denisyeva was not so strong in spirit, and her lover was not so omnipotent. From the abnormality of her position, the open contempt of society, often visited by needs, she suffered from consumption, which slowly but surely brought the still young woman to the grave.

Tyutchev was very well aware of the importance of Lelya for his life, and he was not mistaken. Her health and frequent childbirth were undermined. Lelya gave birth to her last child two months before her death. From the former beauty, gaiety, life, only a ghost remained - pale, almost weightless... Lelya Denisyeva died in Tyutchev’s arms on August 4, 1864, fourteen years after the start of their painful romance.
Tyutchev did not break with his family. He loved both of them: his legal wife Ernestina Dernberg and illegitimate Elena Denisyeva and suffered immensely because he was unable to respond to them with the same completeness and undivided feeling with which they treated him. Tyutchev outlived Lelya by nine years and died far from dear to her grave in Italy. But his last gratitude still went to Ernestina Fedorovna - faithful, loving, all-forgiving:
The executing god took everything from me:
Health, willpower, air, sleep,
He left you alone with me,
What else could I pray to him?”

Fyodor Tyutchev called his legal wife Ernestina Fedorovna - Nesti, and Elena Alexandrovna - Lyolya

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich - famous Russian poet, conservative publicist, diplomat, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Childhood

Tyutchev's father, Ivan Nikolaevich, was a lieutenant of the guard. Mother, Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya, belonged to an old noble family. He had an older brother, Nikolai, who became a colonel of the General Staff, and a younger sister, Daria, who after her marriage became Sushkova.

Education

His parents gave the future poet an excellent education at home: by the age of 13, Fyodor was excellent at translating Horace’s odes and had an amazing knowledge of Latin and ancient Greek. The little poet’s home education was supervised by the young poet-translator S.E. Raich.

In 1817, when he was barely 14 years old, Tyutchev became a volunteer student at the Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University. A year later he was enrolled as a student, and in 1919 he was elected an honorary member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

Civil service

After graduating from the university, in 1821, Tyutchev entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Soon, the young and capable young man was sent as a freelance attaché as part of the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich.

Fyodor Ivanovich, being engaged in literary work and publishing in many publications, performs excellent public service: as a courier he carries out diplomatic assignments in the Ionian Islands. Abroad, Tyutchev received the rank of chamberlain, state councilor and was appointed senior secretary of the embassy in Turin. But in 1838, after a shipwreck, Tyutchev’s wife dies, and Tyutchev leaves public service, settling abroad.

He returned to his homeland only in 1844, where he again resumed his service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1848 he was appointed to the position of senior censor. In 1858, Tyutchev, with the rank of full state councilor, was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. The subtle, diplomatic, wise poet had a lot of clashes with his superiors in this post, but retained it for himself. In 1865 he was promoted to Privy Councillor.

Creation

Three main periods can be distinguished in Tyutchev’s work:

1) 1810-1820: Tyutchev creates his first youthful poems, which are somewhat archaic and very close in style to the poetry of the 18th century.

2) Second half of 1820-1840: in Tyutchev’s work the features of original poetics are already outlined. The poems of this period have a lot from the traditions of European romanticism and Russian odic poetry of the 18th century.

Since 1840, Tyutchev has not written anything: the break in creativity lasted a whole decade.

3) 1850-1870: Tyutchev creates a large number of political poems and the “Denisyev cycle”, which became the peak of his love feelings.

Personal life

In Munich, Tyutchev meets a beautiful German woman, Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer. Soon they get married, and in their marriage three lovely girls are born, but the happiness was short-lived. In 1837, the steamship on which the Tyutchev family moved from St. Petersburg to Turin crashed in the Baltic Sea. Tyutchev's wife and children owe their salvation to Turgenev, who was sailing on the same ship. Eleanor dies a year later. During one night spent at the coffin of his late wife, Tyutchev turned gray.

However, many believe that he turned gray not at all from the loss of his beloved woman, but from repentance for his grave sins before her. The fact is that in 1833 Tyutchev became seriously interested in Baroness Ernestina Dernberg. The whole society, including Tyutchev’s wife, soon learned about their stormy romance. After her death, Tyutchev married Ernestine.

But the love interests of the amorous poet did not end there either: he soon began another affair, with Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, whom society condemned for this passion. They had three children together.

Death

In December 1872, Tyutchev was partially paralyzed: his left hand remained motionless, and his vision sharply decreased. From then on, severe headaches did not leave the poet. On January 1, 1873, while walking, he suffered a stroke, resulting in paralysis of the entire left half of his body. On July 15, 1873, the poet passed away.

Tyutchev's main achievements

Tyutchev managed to combine in his poetry the features of the Russian ode of the 18th century and European romanticism.
Fyodor Ivanovich to this day remains a master of lyrical landscape: only his poems not only depict nature, but also give it a deep philosophical understanding.
Everything that Tyutchev experienced during his life, he was able to reflect in his poems: they so accurately convey the entire palette of love feelings that they remain relevant to this day.

Films about the life of Tyutchev

Important dates in Tyutchev’s biography

1803 - birth
1817 - free student of the Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University
1818 - enrolled as a student at Moscow University
1819 - becomes a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature
1821 - graduation from university, beginning of service in the College of Foreign Affairs, diplomatic mission to Munich
1826 - wedding with Eleanor Peterson-Bothmer
1833 - diplomatic mission to the Ionian Islands
1837 - rank of chamberlain and state councilor, senior secretary of the embassy in Turin
1838 - death of his wife
1839 - leaves public service, goes to live abroad, wedding with Ernestina Dernberg
1844 - return to Russia
1845 - resumption of service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1848 - appointment to the position of senior censor
1854 - Tyutchev’s first book was published
1858 - position of Chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee
1864 - death of Deniseva
1865 - promoted to Privy Councilor
1873 - death

Tyutchev's home teacher, Raich, after sending young Fedor to Moscow to study, became little Lermontov's teacher.
In Munich, even before his relationship with his first wife, he had an affair with the young beauty Countess Amalia Krüdener, who denied feelings to Pushkin, Heine and even the Bavarian King Ludwig. But I fell in love with Tyutchev. And if not for the strict mother, the relationship would have ended in marriage.
The poet's first wife, Eleanor Peterson, was 4 years older than him, and he took her with four children.
After Eleanor learned of her husband's affair with Ernestine Dernberg, she attempted to commit suicide by inflicting several serious dagger wounds on herself in the chest.
Elena Denisyeva was 23 years younger than the poet.
The year 1964 became truly ominous for Tyutchev: a whole series of deaths overtook his life. In a short period of time, two of his children die, his mother, then another, the eldest son, a brother, and then his beloved daughter Mashenka.

Fyodor Tyutchev is a famous Russian lyricist, poet-thinker, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857, privy councilor.

Tyutchev wrote his works mainly in the direction of romanticism and pantheism. His poems are very popular both in Russia and throughout the world.

In his youth, Tyutchev spent his days reading poetry and admiring their creativity.

In 1812, the Tyutchev family was forced to move to Yaroslavl due to the outbreak.

They remained in Yaroslavl until the Russian army finally expelled the French army, led by.

Thanks to his father’s connections, the poet was enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs as a provincial secretary. Later, Fyodor Tyutchev becomes a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission.

During this period of his biography, he works in Munich, where he meets Heine and Schelling.

Tyutchev's creativity

In addition, he continues to write poetry, which he later publishes in Russian publications.

During the period of biography 1820-1830. he wrote such poems as “Spring Thunderstorm”, “Like the Ocean Envelops the Globe...”, “Fountain”, “Winter is not angry for nothing...” and others.

In 1836, the Sovremennik magazine published 16 works by Tyutchev under the general title “Poems sent from Germany.”

Thanks to this, Fyodor Tyutchev is gaining great popularity in his homeland and abroad.

At the age of 45, he receives the position of senior censor. At this time, the lyricist continues to write poetry, which arouses great interest in society.

Amalia Lerchenfeld

However, the relationship between Tyutchev and Lerchenfeld never reached the wedding. The girl chose to marry the wealthy Baron Krudner.

The first wife in Tyutchev’s biography was Eleonora Fedorovna. In this marriage they had 3 daughters: Anna, Daria and Ekaterina.

It is worth noting that Tyutchev had little interest in family life. Instead, he liked to spend his free time in noisy companies in the company of representatives of the fairer sex.

Soon, at one of the social events, Tyutchev met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel. An affair began between them, which everyone immediately found out about.

When the poet's wife heard about this, she, unable to bear the shame, struck herself in the chest with a dagger. Fortunately, there was only a minor injury.

Tyutchev's first wife Eleanor (left) and his second wife Ernestine von Pfeffel (right)

Despite the incident and condemnation in society, Fyodor Ivanovich was never able to part with the baroness.

After the death of his wife, he immediately entered into marriage with Pfeffel.

However, having married the baroness, Tyutchev immediately began to cheat on her. For many years he had a close relationship with Elena Deniseva, whom we have already mentioned.

Death

In the last years of his life, Tyutchev lost many relatives and people dear to him.

In 1864, his mistress Elena, whom he considered his muse, passed away. Then his mother, brother and his own daughter Maria died.

All this had a negative impact on Tyutchev’s condition. Six months before his death, the poet was paralyzed, as a result of which he became bedridden.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died on July 15, 1873 at the age of 69. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Convent cemetery.

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