One of the most beautiful cities in the North Caucasus is Vladikavkaz. The people here are hospitable and friendly. This city is inhabited by a fairly large number of people of different nationalities and religions. Let's find out in detail the main demographic indicators that characterize the population of Vladikavkaz.

Geographical position

Let's immediately find out the geographical location of this locality before starting to study the indicators that characterize the population of the city. Vladikavkaz is located within the North Caucasus at an altitude of 692 m. It is located on both banks of one of the largest rivers in the region called the Terek, not far from its source. The Darial Gorge is located 30 km from the city.

The city is located in a temperate climate zone with a temperate continental climate type. The average temperature of the warmest month of July is 20.7 degrees Celsius. The absolute maximum is 39.2 degrees. The average temperature of the coldest month of the year - February - is 5.6 degrees below zero, with an absolute minimum of 27.8 degrees. The average annual temperature in Vladikavkaz is 9.2 degrees above zero.

For the year in the capital of North Ossetia, an average of 933 mm of precipitation falls.

In general, the climate of the region is characterized by relatively mild winters and long but dry summers.

At the moment, this city is the administrative center of the Republic of Alania (North Ossetia), and it is located within this region.

History of Vladikavkaz

To better understand how the modern population of Vladikavkaz was formed, we should delve a little into history.

Since the beginning of our era, the region where Vladikavkaz is now located was inhabited by the nomadic tribe of Alans, which belonged to the Scythian-Sarmatian group of peoples. These were the direct ancestors of modern Ossetians. Pressed by other peoples, primarily the Mongol-Tatars, they moved further and further into the mountains, turning from a nomadic people into a mountain people.

In 1774, the current territory was annexed to the Russian Empire. In 1784, the Russian military founded the fortress of Vladikavkaz on this territory. It was supposed to become a powerful fortification and outpost in the advance of the Russian Empire to the Caucasus. The name of this stronghold was given by Count Pavel Potemkin, a distant relative of the famous prince, and was an abbreviated form of the expression "Own the Caucasus."

The city was located at the entrance to the Darial Gorge, and was supposed to be one of the points of the Georgian military road.

Over time, the fortress developed. In 1860, after the end of the Crimean War, it received the status of a city, which became the administrative center of the Terek region. Since that time, the population of Vladikavkaz has been largely replenished with local Ossetians.

With the advent of Soviet power in 1920, Vladikavkaz became the central city of the Mountain ASSR. After its dissolution, it is recognized as the administrative center of the North Ossetian Autonomous Region and at the same time the Ingush Autonomous Region, but is not part of any of these entities. After the formation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Okrug in 1934, the city became part of the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug, becoming its center.

In 1931, Vladikavkaz was renamed Ordzhonikidze in honor of the famous party leader and revolutionary Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

In 1936, the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug was reorganized into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ordzhonikidze became its center.

During the Second World War, it was on the outskirts of Vladikavkaz that the fate of the entire Caucasian region was decided. Soviet troops managed to repel the enemy and protect this settlement.

Between 1944 and 1954 the city was called Dzaudzhikau. This is the Ossetian name, which is translated into Russian as "the settlement of Deauga".

In 1981, one of the first ethnic riots in the USSR took place in Ordzhonikidze, which broke out due to a conflict between Ossetians and Ingush.

In 1990, the city was returned to its present name.

Currently, Vladikavkaz is developing, being the capital of the subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.

Attractions

The rich history of the city of Vladikavkaz determines the presence of many cultural heritage and sights on its territory.

The city has a large park of culture and recreation, a children's park, a palace of pioneers. The real decoration of Vladikavkaz is the Alley of Fountains. The leisure of the younger generation is made more fun and educational by the unique children's railway, opened back in 1967, which also contributes to the training of young men in railway specialties.

The real cultural center of the city is Prospekt Mira, formerly called Aleksandrovsky. It houses the Alexandrovsky Grand Hotel, the garden of the Vladikavkaz fortress, and a whole group of historic houses. There are also monuments to Lenin, Khetagurov.

Among other iconic buildings of Vladikavkaz, the Memorial of Glory, erected in 2005, the monuments to Pliev, Bulgakov, Barbashev, Dzhibilov, should be singled out.

There are many wonderful sights in the capital of Ossetia, but its most important treasure is the population inhabiting Vladikavkaz. Photos of this wonderful city can be seen above.

Famous Vladikavkaz

The city gave Russia and the world a lot of talented people. Among the famous residents and natives of this settlement, generals Issa Pliev, Georgy Khetagurov and the founder of the GRU Khadzhi-Umar Mamsurov, heroes of the USSR and Russia Sergey Grigoryan, Kaurbek Toguzov, Lado Davydov, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Valery Gergiev should be noted.

But, of course, this is not a complete list of prominent people who were born or lived their lives in Vladikavkaz.

Population

Now let's find out the population of Vladikavkaz. This indicator is fundamental for other statistical calculations. So, what is the population of Vladikavkaz? The number of inhabitants of this city is approximately equal to 307.5 thousand people.

But is it a lot or a little? Let's compare the population of Vladikavkaz with other major cities of the North Caucasian Federal District. 429.6 thousand people live in Stavropol, 287.4 thousand people live in Grozny, 239.0 thousand people live in Nalchik, 587.9 thousand people live in Makhachkala, and 123.1 thousand people live in Cherkessk thousand people Thus, it has the third largest population in the North Caucasus region. The city of Vladikavkaz is one of the largest in this federal district.

In the list of all Russian cities, Vladikavkaz ranks 64th in terms of population. It should be separately noted that almost half of the population of the entire Republic of North Ossetia lives in this city.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out what kind of population Vladikavkaz had in past periods. The number of inhabitants in different periods of the existence of the city changed in different directions: it either grew or decreased. This dynamics had both objective and subjective reasons.

By 1784, the first statistical data characterizing the population of the city belong. Vladikavkaz was then inhabited by 2036 people. The population increased especially sharply after the fortress acquired urban status. So, if in 1870 there were ten thousand inhabitants in Vladikavkaz, then by 1888 this figure reached almost 38 thousand people.

Until 1992, the population of the city gradually increased. Vladikavkaz grew, although there were years of temporary decline in numbers. These periods include 1895 - 1897, 1915 - 1920, 1937, 1969, 1979, 1985. But in general, the increase was tangible. So, in 1992, the number of residents of Vladikavkaz reached its historical maximum, amounting to 325 thousand people. Then, from 1993 to 2002, there was a period in which years of increase in numbers were followed by years of decline, and vice versa. Since 2003, Vladikavkaz has been gradually becoming less and less populated. The population is steadily decreasing. The only year that is an exception in this cycle is 2015. But already in 2016, the population continued its decline.

Population density

One of the main demographic indicators is population density. Let's find out its value in the described settlement. the city of Vladikavkaz, located on the territory of 291 sq. km, is approximately 1.1 thousand people / sq. km. km.

For comparison: the population density of Grozny is 0.9 thousand people/sq. km, Stavropol - 2.5 thousand people / sq. km, and Makhachkala - 1.3 thousand people / sq. km. Thus, Vladikavkaz has an average indicator in comparison with other administrative centers of the regions of the North Caucasus.

National composition

Now it's time to take a look at what ethnic groups consider Vladikavkaz to be their home. The population by nationality in the city is quite motley.

Most of the inhabitants of Vladikavkaz are representatives of the titular nation of the Republic of Alania - Ossetians. Their share in the total population of the capital is approximately 64%. The number of Russians in Vladikavkaz does not exceed 25%.

There are much fewer representatives of other nationalities: Armenians - 3.5%, Georgians - 2.2%, Ingush - 1.1%. The number of Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians and Greeks does not even reach 1% of the total population of the North Ossetian capital. Kumyks, Turks, Kabardians, Chechens, Greeks, Gypsies, Tatars, Jews and even Koreans are present among the inhabitants of Vladikavkaz. The population of the city, as we see, is quite heterogeneous, although its main backbone is Ossetians and Russians.

Religion

Now let's find out what Vladikavkaz is in the religious sphere. The majority of the population of this city professes Orthodox Christianity. It is this religion that dominates among the Ossetians and Russians, who make up the vast majority of the city's inhabitants. There were 13 temples in Vladikavkaz throughout the history of the city. Many of them were closed, demolished or destroyed during the Soviet period. But now some are being restored, in particular, the temple of Alexander Nevsky. In addition, on the territory of the city there is the Intercession Convent, which, however, was closed in 1921. The main temple is St. George's Cathedral.

The capital of North Ossetia is the center of the Alanian and Vladikavkaz dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church, which is ruled by the Archbishop of Vladikavkaz.

The community of Armenians, who are parishioners of the Armenian Apostolic Church, is quite strong in the city. They even have their own temple, named after St. Gregory the Illuminator. It was founded back in 1868.

In Vladikavkaz there are also cells of other Christian denominations, in particular, Protestant ones, but the number of parishioners in them is relatively small. The most numerous are Seventh-day Adventists, who even have their own church.

The Catholic Church in the city is also represented by its parish.

But the Muslim community in Vladikavkaz is much larger than the Catholic and Protestant ones, although it is significantly inferior to the Orthodox one. Islam is practiced by the majority of Ingush, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Kumyks, Kabardians living in the city. The majority of Muslims are supporters of the Sunni movement. In Vladikavkaz, there is the Mukhtarov Mosque, built at the beginning of the 20th century, which was a museum for a long time during the Soviet Union. Only in the 90s it was returned to Muslims for the performance of religious rites. After that, the building is periodically reconstructed.

There is a Jewish community in Vladikavkaz, which has its own synagogue, as well as several Jewish cemeteries.

In addition, representatives of such religious communities as Buddhist and Hindu live in Vladikavkaz. The latter even has its own temple of Brahma.

Followers of other religious movements in Vladikavkaz are represented in insufficient numbers to form separate communities. We can say that they are unique.

city ​​economy

A description of the population of the city of Vladikavkaz would be incomplete without an indication of the economic conditions in which they live.

The city has developed engineering, metallurgy, light and food industries. Among the largest enterprises in Vladikavkaz, one should single out a car repair plant, a plant for automotive equipment, and the Pobedit enterprise, which specializes in the manufacture of hard metal alloys.

In addition, there are two hydroelectric power stations located on the territory of the city district.

Vladikavkaz is connected with other settlements of the Russian Federation by road, rail and air. There are bus and tram lines within the city. Until 2010, it also had its own trolleybus fleet.

general characteristics

The main demographic characteristics of the city of Vladikavkaz were discussed above. As we found out, a rather heterogeneous population lives in the capital of North Ossetia. The city of Vladikavkaz is one of the largest settlements in the North Caucasus. Representatives of various nationalities live here, but the main backbone is Ossetians and Russians, the dominant religion among which is Christianity.

It should be noted that in the last decade and a half there has been an almost constant, with rare exceptions, a decrease in the population of Vladikavkaz. However, 2015 gave hope that in the future the demographic situation could change dramatically for the better.

Vladikavkaz is located in the southern part of Russia, in the very center of the North Caucasus. Large industrial and cultural center. Vladikavkaz lies on the coast of the Terek River, on the Ossetian plain, 30 kilometers from the Darial Canyon.

The fortress of Vladikavkaz (the name represents the words owning the Caucasus) was founded in 1784, not far from the settlement of Dzauga. She guarded the entrance to the Darial Gorge. The fortress was of great importance in the system of border reinforcements until 1863. As part of the Terek region, in 1861, Vladikavkaz received the official position of the city. Became its administrative center in 1963. The railway line was laid in 1875, it connected Vladikavkaz with Rostov-on-Don. One of the main parts of the revolutionary movement was Vladikavkaz in the first half of the 20th century. The city received a new name Ordzhonikidze in September 1931. The city was called Dzaudzhikau in the period from 1944-1954, and was renamed back to Ordzhonikidze in 1954. Ordzhonikidze was given a new name - Vladikavkaz in July 1990. Vladikavkaz is a major center for training world champion athletes, as before.

The climate is temperate, weakened by the proximity of the mountains.

Population of Vladikavkaz in 2018 and 2019. The number of inhabitants of Vladikavkaz

The data on the number of city residents are taken from the federal state statistics service. The official website of the Rosstat service www.gks.ru. Also, the data were taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of the EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The site published data on the number of residents of Vladikavkaz. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Vladikavkaz by years, the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

The number of inhabitants of Vladikavkaz	years
315,600 people	2003
314,500 people	2005 year
312,800 people	2008
311,693 people [*]	2010
311,700 people	2011
310,070 people [*]	year 2012
308,285 people [*]	year 2013
307 310 people [*]	year 2014
308 190 people	2015
307 478 people	2016
306,978 people	2017
306 258 people	2018
304,897 people	2019

Graph of population change in Vladikavkaz:

Vladikavkaz city photo. Photo of Vladikavkaz

Information about the city of Vladikavkaz on Wikipedia:

Link to Vladikavkaz website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading them on the official website of Vladikavkaz, the official portal of Vladikavkaz and the government.
Official website of Vladikavkaz

Map of the city of Vladikavkaz. Vladikavkaz Yandex Maps

Created using the Yandex service People's Map (Yandex map), when zoomed out, you can understand the location of Vladikavkaz on the map of Russia. Vladikavkaz Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Vladikavkaz with street names and house numbers. The map has all the designations of Vladikavkaz, it is convenient and easy to use.

On the page you can find some description of Vladikavkaz. Also see the location of the city of Vladikavkaz on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all objects of the city.

City of Ordzhonikidze

Geographical position. The city of Ordzhonikidze is located at the northern foot of the Forest Range, on both sides of the Terek. The height of the city above sea levels is 650-725 meters.

Historical reference. The city in the past was called Vladikavkaz. It was founded by Russian troops as a fortress on May 6, 1784. The Ossetian village of Dzaudzhikau was located near the fortress. In the 30s of the 19th century, the Vladikavkaz fortress was located on an area of ​​60 hectares. Its location is determined by the modern buildings of the House of Soviets, School No. 5, Pushkin Square, Svoboda Square and the streets adjacent to them. A high earthen rampart surrounded the fortress. Inside the fortress there were various office buildings, as well as a room for amanats (hostages) and a house for "passing gentlemen". Pushkin and Lermontov stayed in this house.

Pushkin visited Vladikavkaz in 1829. He mentions the city and Ossetia in his story "Journey to Arzrum". Impressions of Vladikavkaz are conveyed by Lermontov in the story "Maxim Maksimych". In 1827, a permanent traffic was opened along the Georgian Military Highway, which connected the Vladikavkaz fortress with the city of Tiflis.

Vladikavkaz, the fortress gradually expanded, overgrown with residential buildings. Small, semi-handicraft type, industrial enterprises, churches were built, trade developed. In 1858 the fortress was surrounded by a stone wall. The remains of the wall can still be seen on the southern outskirts of the city at the junction of Tsagolov and Svoboda streets.

The fortress existed for 76 years. Then it was renamed the city. 1860 is considered the date of foundation of the city of Vladikavkaz. Soon Vladikavkaz becomes the center of the Terek region. The railway that connected Vladikavkaz with Rostov-on-Don (1875) was of great importance. Among industrial enterprises, such as distilleries, starch, leather, soap, a special place was occupied by the Alagir non-ferrous metallurgy plant, built by Belgian capitalists.

In 1911, automobile traffic was opened along the Georgian Military Highway. They were managed by a French joint-stock company. Only in the Soviet years the city began to really grow and develop. With the proclamation of Soviet power on the Terek in 1918, Vladikavkaz became the center of the Terek Soviet Republic.

In 1932 the city was named after G.K. (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze. Since 1936 it has been the capital of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Now Ordzhonikidze has grown into a large industrial and cultural center with a population of 164 thousand people (1959 census).

Historical and revolutionary memorial sites. The struggle of the peoples of the Terek for Soviet power is closely connected with the names of the faithful sons of the Communist Party - S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze.

S. M. Kirov lived and worked in Vladikavkaz from 1909 to 1918. He did a great job of creating a strong revolutionary Bolshevik organization and establishing Soviet power on the Terek. G. K. Ordzhonikidze, as the Extraordinary Commissar of the South of Russia, led the defense of the city of Vladikavkaz in the August days of 1918 and the struggle of the working people of the Terek Republic against the counter-revolution in 1918-1919.

On st. Kirov in house number 50, you should visit the museum of S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze and see the numerous exhibits that vividly depict the life and work of remarkable revolutionaries. Not far from the museum (Vakhtangov lane No. 9) is the museum-apartment of S. M. Kirov.

Along the alley. Timiryazev is located the building of the Agricultural Institute. In this building (the former real school) in 1917 the first Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Vladikavkaz worked.

The name of the August Events Street recalls the heroic defense of the city from the Bicherakh counter-revolutionary gangs that broke in here in August 1918. A detachment of Chinese under the command of Pau Ti-san fought heroically among the defenders of the city. In this part of the city, on the young Chinese Square, a monument was recently erected by the workers of Ossetia to the Chinese comrades who fell for the power of the Soviets in North Ossetia during the civil war.

Street them. Noah Buachidze. A memorial plaque in honor of the fiery revolutionary Noah Buachidze hangs on the wall of the building of the former Absheron barracks. Samuil (Noy) Grigorievich Buachidze, a comrade-in-arms of the great Lenin, was elected Chairman of the first Council of People's Commissars of the Terek Republic at the II Congress of the Peoples of the Terek Region on June 20, 1918, at a rally that took place in the courtyard of the Absheron barracks, he was killed by a treacherous shot of counter-revolutionaries.

Southern outskirts of the city. Not far from the Suvorov School (formerly the Cadet Corps), near the Georgian Military Road, there is a huge mass grave, in which the remains of 17 thousand Red Army soldiers and commanders who died at the hands of Denikin's executioners in 1919 lie. Above it rises a monument-obelisk, carved from gray granite, with a memorial plaque. Here are the graves of a number of party and Soviet leaders, workers, Red Army soldiers and commanders who fell in the fight against counter-revolutionary gangs during the civil war. On the days of revolutionary holidays, the workers and schoolchildren of the city bring hundreds of wreaths here and lovingly lay them on the grave of the fighters who gave their lives for Soviet power.

In the building of the city theater (Lenin Square, the building of the Russian Drama Theater) on November 17, 1920, JV Stalin, on behalf of the Communist Party and the Soviet government, proclaimed the autonomy of the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus. There is a memorial plaque here.

Museum of Ossetian Fiction K. L. Khetagurov is housed in a former Ossetian church (southern part of the city, Kosta Khetagurov Street). The ashes of the great Costa (born in 1859, died in 1906) lie in the museum fence, as well as the graves of prominent Ossetian writers and public figures.

Industrial enterprises. A large number of industrial enterprises are concentrated in the city. The Electrozinc plant is one of the largest non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the country. It was created in 1934 on the site of the old, with backward technology and dilapidated equipment of the Kavtsink plant. The plant operates on non-ferrous metal concentrates delivered from the Mizur concentrator. The plant produces non-ferrous metals: zinc, lead, cadmium and copper, as well as by-products: zinc oxide, blue vitriol and sulfuric acid.

Near the railway there are shops of the car repair plant named after. S. M. Kirov, there is a glass container and insulator plant nearby. Every year more and more new enterprises come into operation. The autotractor electrical equipment plant occupies a significant place in the country for the production of tractor headlights and bicycle generators. The factories "Electrocontactor", gas equipment, a factory of technical stones, a factory of sewing machines began to work. A factory of musical instruments is under construction.

the city has a number of plants and factories that produce building materials, clothing and knitwear, shoes, furniture, food products, etc. Some of the listed enterprises can serve as objects for excursions: for example, a glass container and insulator plant, a plant for automotive and tractor electrical equipment, a hosiery factory , carpet production, car repair plant, brick factory, furniture factory.

Educational establishments. The city of Ordzhonikidze is a major educational center of the North Caucasus. There are 43 comprehensive schools in the city; trade, musical, pedagogical, medical schools, sports and art schools; 6 technical schools: mining and metallurgical, railway transport, industrial, construction, Soviet trade, financial; 4 universities: mining and metallurgical, agricultural, pedagogical, medical. There is a Research Institute and the Caucasian State Institute for the Design of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises. There is an evening university of Marxism-Leninism.

Cultural, educational and entertainment institutions. In the city center on the square. VI Lenin stands the building of the oldest drama theater in the North Caucasus. The theater was founded in 1869, and the building was built in 1872. Until recently, it housed two drama theatres; Russian and Ossetian. Now the North Ossetian Music and Drama Theater is located in a new building (Embankment No. 18). Having visited the Ossetian Theater (founded in 1935), you will remember for a long time the wonderful game of the People's Artist of the RSFSR V. Tkhapsaev, Honored Artists of the RSFSR S. Ikaeva, V. Karginova, M. Tsalikov, especially in such performances as Othello by W. Shakespeare, "Fatima" by K. Khetagurov, "Mother of Orphans" by D. Tuaev and others.

The Song and Dance Ensemble of North Ossetia enjoys great success in the republic and beyond its borders. The dance group of the ensemble is a laureate of the All-Union and World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957. The ensemble performs at the State Philharmonic (Street of the Soviets). Here you can see a fascinating Ossetian folk dance, hear melodic national songs. The cultural life of the city is rich. The city has many cinemas, clubs, houses of culture, several sports stadiums.

On the avenue. Stalin is the oldest cultural center - the Republican Library, founded in 1895. The library has a book fund of 360 thousand volumes. One of the favorite and popular sports is wrestling. Bogatyrs of North Ossetia Boris Kulaev, Saukudz Dzarasov and Tauzbek Dzakhsorov are champions of the Soviet country and winners of many international competitions. A television center was established in 1957.

In the picturesque surroundings of the city, on the banks of the stormy Terek, the Green Theater was built for 10 thousand spectators. Near the theater there are pavilions of industrial and agricultural exhibitions of the republic, and a little to the south there is a large water basin. On a hot summer day, hundreds of workers head to the pool. From here, in all its grandeur, a panorama of the Caucasus Mountains opens.

There are several museums in the city: S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze, local history, Ossetian fiction. K. L. Khetagurova and artistic. For sightseers and tourists of great interest is the Museum of Local Lore, located in two buildings (Museum Lane No. 3 and Kotsoev St. No. 62). The museum has three departments: the history of the pre-revolutionary past of North Ossetia, the history of North Ossetia of the Soviet period and the department of nature. The latter is located in the building of the former Sunni mosque on the left bank of the Terek.

Streets, squares, parks, boulevards, squares. The straight streets of the city stretched from north to south towards the mountains. The city is decorated with boulevards, squares, parks. In summer, greenery and flowers are everywhere. The streets are covered with asphalt. There is a lot of housing construction going on. Old one-story houses are being replaced by four and five-story apartment buildings. A new suburb has grown on the outskirts, where workers and employees of the Electrozinc plant live. Most of the houses and enterprises of the city are supplied with gas. City transport trams and buses.

The central street of the city is Prospekt im. Stalin. A shady boulevard of ancient trees stretches along its entire kilometer length. It was founded in 1844 by order of the commandant of the fortress Nesterov and was called "Nesterovsky" for a long time. In the center of the avenue is the square. V. I. Lenin, on which rises a monumental monument to V. I. Lenin, erected on the days of the 40th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. Around the monument there is a beautiful square of evergreen arborvitae and boxwood.

At the end of the avenue Stalin (northern part), at the junction with Kirov Street, on a small square, there is a bronze bust of the glorious son of the Ossetian people, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General Issa Pliev.

The avenue and boulevard at the southern end merge into Freedom Square. On the square there are government buildings and a monument to Sergo Ordzhonikidze, built in 1949.

In the center of the city opposite Svoboda Square, on the banks of the Terek, there is a park of culture and recreation named after. K. L. Khetagurova is the pride and favorite place of rest of the townspeople. The park occupies almost 20 hectares of area. It consists of the upper park, founded in the 30s of the last century, and the lower one, founded in 1893. The park is decorated with beautiful shady alleys, many flowers, fountains. In the upper park, near the large fountain, New Mexican acacias, blooming in large lilac-pink clusters, attract attention.

In the lower park there is a large rose garden with climbing roses. Globular hawthorn bushes and blue spruces are also planted here. Brightly dressed Indian peacocks roam freely in the park. The cold waters of the Terek fill two artificial lakes. Snow-white swans swim majestically on the lake, and an important light gray pelican stands on the shore of the islet. The park has a summer theatre, a cinema, a reading room, a lecture hall, sports and children's games, a carousel. Music lovers can go to the stage.

Parallel to Stalin Avenue runs Lenin Street, all green. Young firs, lindens and maples. It ends in the south with a small square and Pushkin Square. A memorial plaque was installed in the fence of the square in memory of A. S. Pushkin's stay in Vladikavkaz. Many city streets bear the names of fighters for Soviet power on the Terek: Markus, Butyrin, Gibizov, Kesaev, Tsagolov, Ramonov, Kachalov and others.

In the western, zaterechny part of the city, there is a square named after. Karl Marx, decorated with a monument to K. Khetagurov. The monument was designed by the talented Ossetian sculptor S. Tavasiev. The best street in this part of the city is named after Noah Buachidze. At the intersection of Noya Buachidze, Ordzhonikidze and Tbilisskaya streets, a new beautiful four-story building of the Tourist City Base rises, from here the Georgian Military Road begins.

Many streets and squares of the city offer views of the mighty and beautiful mountain ranges of the Central Caucasus. They beckon and call to themselves with their pristine beauty.

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I Ordzhonikidze

Grigory Konstantinovich (Sergo), Soviet state and party leader. Member of the Communist Party since 1903. Born into a noble family. In 1901-05 he studied at a medical assistant's school in Tbilisi, participated in a social democratic circle, from 1903 conducted propaganda among the workers of the Main Workshops of the Transcaucasian railway. e. Participant in the Revolution of 1905-07 in Transcaucasia. In December 1905, he was arrested while delivering weapons for revolutionary detachments, in May 1906 he was released on bail, and in August he emigrated to Germany. In 1907, he conducted party work in Baku, was a party organizer in the Balakhani region, and a member of the Baku Committee of the RSDLP. In November 1907 he was arrested, in 1909 he was exiled to the Yenisei province; in August 1909 he fled, emigrated to Iran, where he took part in the Revolution of 1905-11, fulfilling the instructions of the Baku Committee of the RSDLP. In 1911 he moved to Paris and studied at the party school in Longjumeau. In the summer of 1911, on the instructions of V. I. Lenin, he returned to Russia, worked as an authorized representative of the Organizing Commission Abroad and was a member of the Russian Organizing Commission for convening the 6th All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP; toured a number of party organizations in industrial cities. Delegate of the 6th (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP, elected a member of the Central Committee and the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. In April 1912 he was again arrested in St. Petersburg, in October he was sentenced to 3 years of hard labor and an eternal settlement in Siberia. In 1912-15 he was in the Shlisselburg hard labor prison, then exiled to Yakutia. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was a member of the Executive Committee of the Yakut Soviet. In June 1917, a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. After the July days of 1917, he participated in organizing Lenin's transition to the underground; twice visited him in Razliv, informed him about the state of affairs in the party and received directives for the party. Delegate of the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b), delivered a report on the inadmissibility of Lenin's appearance at the trial of the counter-revolutionary Provisional Government. Fulfilling the instructions of the Central Committee of the party, he worked in June - August in Petrograd, in September - October in Transcaucasia. October 24 (November 6), 1917, returning to Petrograd, participated in an armed uprising, then in battles against the troops of Kerensky - Krasnov. In December 1917 he was appointed temporary Extraordinary Commissar of the region of Ukraine, plenipotentiary auditor of the People's Commissariat for Food in the south of the country. In April 1918 he headed the temporary Extraordinary Commissariat of the Southern Region. During the Civil War of 1918-20, he was a political leader in the Red Army. In 1918, a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Don Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), chairman of the Council of Defense of the North Caucasus. In 1919, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 16th Army of the Western Front, then the 14th Army of the Southern Front, one of the leaders of the defeat of Denikin's troops near Orel, the liberation of Donbass, Kharkov, Left-Bank Ukraine. Since 1920 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front and chairman of the North Caucasian Revolutionary Committee, chairman of the Bureau for the Restoration of Soviet Power in the North Caucasus. From April 1920 he was the chairman of the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (6), an active participant in the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. In 1922-26 1st Secretary of the Zakkraykom of the Party, 1st Secretary of the North Caucasian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1926-30, chairman of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and People's Commissar of the RKI, deputy chairman of the SNK and STO of the USSR, since 1924 a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Since November 1930, the chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, then the people's commissar of heavy industry of the USSR. O. plays an outstanding role in the implementation of the socialist industrialization of the USSR. Delegate of the 11th-17th Party Congresses; from 1921 a member of the Central Committee, from 1926 a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, from December 1930 a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 other orders. He was buried in Red Square near the Kremlin wall.

Works: Articles and speeches, vol. 1-2, M., 1956-57.

Lit.: Lenin V.I., Poln. coll. cit., 5th ed. (see Reference vol., h, 2, p. 461); Dubinsky-Mukhadze I. M., Ordzhonikidze, 1967; Ordzhonikidze 3. G., Path of the Bolshevik, 2nd ed., M., 1967; Kirillov V. S. and Sverdlov A. Ya., G. K. Ordzhonikidze (Sergo). Biography, M., 1962; Party ambassadors. Sat. memories, M., 1967.

S. I. Yolkina.

G. K. Ordzhonikidze.

II Ordzhonikidze (until 1931 - Vladikavkaz, from 1944 to 1954 - Dzaudzhikau)

capital of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Located on the river Terek. 265 thousand inhabitants (1974; 44 thousand in 1897, 78 thousand in 1926, 131 thousand in 1939, 164 thousand in 1959, 236 thousand in 1970). In O. - 2 urban areas.

It was founded in 1784 near the village of Dzaudzhikau as the Vladikavkaz fortress to guard the Georgian Military Highway. In 1860 it was transformed into the city of Vladikavkaz. Since 1863 the center of the Terek region. In 1875 it was connected to the Vladikavkaz railway. from Rostov-on-Don. By the end of the 19th century there were 54 factories and plants in the city with an annual turnover of 2 million rubles. It was one of the centers of the revolutionary movement in the North Caucasus. Soviet power was proclaimed in November 1917. In February 1919 it was captured by Denikin's White Guard troops, and in March 1920 it was liberated by the Red Army. The history of the city is closely connected with the name of GK Ordzhonikidze, who in 1918 was the chairman of the Defense Council of the North Caucasus. In 1921-24 the capital of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in 1924-25 an independent administrative unit as a province, in 1925-36 as part of the North Caucasian Territory (until 1930 as a district, until 1933 directly subordinate to the regional executive committee). Since July 7, 1924, the center of the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug (since July 1, it has been included in its composition), since December 5. 1936 the capital of the North Ossetian ASSR. At the same time, from January 10, 1936 to May 26, 1937, the regional center of the North Caucasian (from March 13, 1937 - Ordzhonikidze) region. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, in the course of the battle for the Caucasus (see the corresponding section in the article Kavkaz), a grouping of Nazi troops was stopped and defeated on the approaches to O. in November 1942.

Modern O. is a major industrial and cultural center. The leading role in the economy is played by new industries: mechanical engineering, instrument-making, electrical engineering (plants: "Gazoapparat", "Electrocontactor", autotractor electrical equipment, electric lamp, car repair, etc.). Non-ferrous metallurgy (Electrozinc and Pobedit plants) and the chemical industry were created. The glass, silicate-ceramic, building materials, mining ("Cavdolomite") industries are developed. The light industry (sewing, knitwear, footwear, and furniture - the firm "Kazbek") and the food industry, operating on the local agricultural sector, are developing. raw materials. The city produces 3/4 of the republic's industrial output. Connected by an electrified branch (23 km) from railway highway Rostov-on-Don - Baku and the Georgian Military Highway from Tbilisi.

V. A. Myakinin.

The rectangular network of streets was formed in the 19th and 20th centuries. The former Sunni mosque (1906-08, architect I. G. Ploshko) has been preserved. In Soviet times, the city was reconstructed and landscaped. The main highway is Mira Avenue with a boulevard all along. In the center of the city there is Lenin Square with a monument to V. I. Lenin (bronze, granite, 1957, sculptor Z. I. Azgur, architect G. A. Zakharov), the Theater of Russian Drama (1872) and a department store (1938, architect L. M. . Nappelbaum). On Freedom Square: House of Soviets (1936, architect B. R. Simonov), in front of the building - a monument to G. K. Ordzhonikidze (bronze, granite, 1949, sculptor L. A. Dietrich, architect B. V. Danchich), administrative building (1965, architect G. V. Chknavoryan), cinema (1967, architect V. F. Belov). Also built: a television center (1959), the Spartak stadium (1960), the Kavkaz hotel (1960) - all architect T. M. Butaeva; railroad station (1962, architect N. D. Yakovenko), the Palace of Metallurgists (1966, architect G. V. Chknavoryan), the Palace of Pioneers (70s, architect A. I. Btemirov). Residential neighborhoods were created (1967, architect A. I. Btemirov).

In O. - university, agricultural, mining and metallurgical, medical institutes. 12 secondary specialized educational institutions (including technical schools: mining and metallurgical, railway transport, electronic devices, construction). Theaters: Ossetian drama, Russian drama, musical, puppets. Philharmonic. Museums: local history, S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze, Ossetian literature named after. K. Khetagurova, artistic. Planetarium. Telecentre.

K. L. Khetagurov lived, worked, and is buried in O..

Lit.: Larina V.I., Essays on the history of the cities of North Ossetia (XVIII-XIX centuries), Ordzhonikidze, 1960; Kusov G. I., In the city of Ordzhonikidze, Ordzhonikidze, 1963; Semenov L.P., Tedtoev A.A., Kusov G.I., Ordzhonikidze - Vladikavkaz. Essays on the history of the city, Ordzhonikidze, 1972; City near the blue mountains. (Index of Literature), Ordzhonikidze, 1972.

Ordzhonikidze. Embankment of the Terek river.

Vladikavkaz. Mariinsky street. Early 20th century

III Ordzhonikidze

city ​​(since 1956) of regional subordination in the Dnepropetrovsk region of the Ukrainian SSR, in 5 km from railway station Chertomlyk. 39 thousand inhabitants (1974). Extraction of manganese ore (Nikopol basin). Mining and processing plant; factories: ore-repair, "Stroydetal", a bakery. Museum of History and Local Lore. Branch of the Marganets Mining College.

IV Ordzhonikidze

an urban-type settlement in the Sheki region of the Azerbaijan SSR. Located at 36 km to the north from the railway Yevlakh node. Grain farm.

V Ordzhonikidze (until 1949 - Kharagouli)

an urban-type settlement, the center of the Ordzhonikidze district of the Georgian SSR. Located on the river Chkherimela (Rioni basin). Zh.-d. station (Kharagouli) on the line Samtredia - Khashuri, at 160 km to S.-Z. from Tbilisi. Food industry. GK Ordzhonikidze was born in the region (the village of Goresh), there is a house-museum named after him.