Brief botanical description. Tulip plant: botanical characteristics and structure Classification of the tulip plant by biology

Tulip is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. Like all members of the family, the main storage organ of the flower is the bulbous rhizome. The genus includes more than 80 species.

The name of the flower comes from the Ottoman-Persian word for "turban". Indeed, the shape of a tulip flower resembles an Arabic headdress. In the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, the spread of the plant occurred at approximately the same time (16th century), so the name of the flower in these countries bears the consonant root “tulpa”.

In Russia, decorative cultivation of tulips began during the reign of Peter the Great. However, wild plant species were known back in the 12th century.

A characteristic feature of the tulip is its short growing season. The storage organ of the plant is the bulb, whose lifespan under natural conditions is 2 years. After dying off, several new ones appear in its place. The tulip bulb is usually pear-shaped; numerous root hairs form on its flattened bottom, feeding the plant with minerals and water.

The stem, depending on the species, can reach 15-75 cm in length. Leaves are attached to it at the base, the number of which varies from 1 to 12. The leaves have an elongated shape, a pointed or rounded top.

A tulip flower consists of three inner petals and three outer ones. Decorative hybrid species may have more petals (double tulips). Usually one bud is formed on the stem. However, there are also species with several inflorescences. Petals can be either monochromatic or combine several shades. The color palette of buds is very diverse; only blue tulips are missing from the greenhouses of breeders.

There is a beautiful legend associated with an unopened bud, in which, according to legend, happiness lives. Many tried unsuccessfully to reach him. But the little boy succeeded. While walking on the street, he saw an unblown tulip in a flowerbed and ran up to it. The boy carefully took the flower bud in his palm and it blossomed. Since then, tulips have been considered a symbol of happiness and warmth.

Report about Tulips

The tulip is a perennial bulbous flower from the lily family. This flower got its name due to its similarity with the oriental ready-made headdress - a turban.

The lifespan of a tulip bulb is 2.5 years, while the stem, leaves and bud are annual. Throughout the life of the bulb, a replacement bulb is formed, as well as children - small bulbs. Tulip flowers are single. The leaves are also solitary and do not grow together. The bulbs are planted in the ground to a depth of 50 cm. The bulb contains an allergenic substance for humans - tulipalin A. Human contact with garden tulip bulbs, as a rule, under industrial conditions, can lead to allergic dermatitis. And if you eat the onion, it’s poisoning.

The root system is replaceable. In the first year of life, the bulb has one root, and therefore, after its death, thin, unbranched, not drooping roots are formed. Transplanting the bulbs is possible during a short dormant period in summer, before the formation of a thin root system. If the roots are damaged, the tulip will continue to live, but the development of the bulb will stop for several years.

A full leaf of the fruiting bulb is formed in the second year of life. The presence of leaves for a tulip is critical. Without leaves, if they are lost, for example by trampling and eating by animals, it leads to the death of the plant and entire populations.

The very first information about tulip bulbs appeared in Persia. In Islamic countries, the tulip acts as a sacred flower.

Tulips are divided into 15 classes and 4 groups: early-blooming, mid-blooming, late-blooming, wild and random varieties.

Early blooming tulips begin to bloom in mid-spring. In summer and winter, during the dormancy of the bulb from flowering, the formation of the rudiments of future shoots and flowers occurs. In autumn, roots are produced, and the formation of fruit-bearing shoots ends.

The most well-known decorative crops are the Gesner tulip and the Foster tulip. They are grown in greenhouses and in open ground for cutting and sale.

The tulip section was first practiced in Turkey. In the 16th century, about 300 varieties of tulip were already bred. Currently, this figure has increased to 1800 varieties.

In the Middle Ages, the tulip came from Byzantium to Europe, as well as to Austria, France and Germany.

The tulip was considered a symbol of wealth and belonging to the noble class, as they were bred and collected in royal courts.

The tulip came to Holland in 1570 and gained great popularity among all the people of the country. There was a trend towards collecting varieties, and big money was paid for bulbs of a rare type of tulip.

From Holland in 1702, tulip bulbs were brought to Russia during the reign of Peter 1. Since the imported flower was expensive, only wealthy people could afford to grow it in their gardens.

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Tulip is a perennial bulbous herbaceous plant., which belongs to the Liliaceae family. Flowers have a short growing season.

Their growth and development lasts about 85-120 days: from the first ten days of April until the last days of June, until the ground part dries out.

Holland is rightfully considered the second homeland of culture, since it is a world leader in the production of flowers and tulip bulbs. In addition, the flower is an unofficial symbol of the country.

The bulbs came to Holland in 1570, after which there was a real tulip mania. The plant has become a symbol of wealth, luxury and material well-being.

And in 1587, a botanical garden was opened in the city of Leiden, where the brilliant breeder Clusius worked on breeding new plant species and describing them.

Over the course of several centuries, Holland has achieved incredible success in breeding these beautiful flowers and has become a major exporter. Dutch tulips are recognized as the best in terms of characteristics, are the standard of high quality and beauty.

Dutch tulips - the standard of high quality and beauty

Detailed biological characteristics, where it grows

The petal plant is native to Central Asia., where it still grows naturally.

Why is it called that? Named from the word of Persian origin toliban, since the appearance of the buds is similar to an oriental headdress that resembles a turban.

Thanks to artificial cultivation and selection work, there are many types and varieties of this crop, which have different inflorescence shapes, stem heights and flowering periods.

What type, variety, family does it belong to?

All varieties are divided into four groups and fifteen classes, consisting of:

Group	Class	Name
1 (early flowering)	1	simple early
	2	terry early
2 (medium flowering)	3	triumph - tulip
	4	Darwin hybrid
3 (late flowering)	5	simple late
	6	lilyflower
	7	fringed
	8	green
	9	Rembrandt - tulip
	10	parrot
	11	terry late
4 (wild hybrids bred by crossing varieties from the first three groups)	12	Kaufman
	13	Foster
	14	Greig
	15	other types

The variety of tulips will allow each gardener to choose exactly the variety that suits him in color, size, shape and other parameters.

Description of the plant: fruit, perianth, how many petals, etc.

When describing the plant, it should be noted that the root system of the flower contains adventitious roots that die off annually, located below on the horseshoe-shaped part of the bottom.

Stem erect, cylindrical. Depending on the variety, the height of the stem can be from 15 to 100 cm.

Large plants decorate elongated lanceolate or elongated oval leaves, sometimes with a wavy edge, which are located directly on the stem, tightly covering it.

Depends on the type of flower, mainly varies from bright green to bluish tint.

The flower is regular, the perianth has 6 free leaves and 6 stamens, with elongated anthers. They delight with their beauty and varied color palette.

The fruit is presented in the form of a round capsule, having a triangular shape, inside of which there are seeds.

The tulip has a straight stem and elongated leaves, 6 stamens, the fruit is a round capsule with seeds

Useful information about the Dutch tulip

It's better to dig up tulips every year so that there are healthy and large bulbs. But if this is not possible, then you can grow them in one place for 3-4 years.

Simple varieties with a classic shape and color of flowers can grow for up to 7 years.

In this case, you should adhere to certain rules:

• well-lit by the sun and protected from the winds location of the flower bed;
• sufficient planting depth, which should be 25 cm;
• provision of nutrients;
• compliance with soil moisture conditions.

How long do tulips live? The tulip is a beautiful everlasting plant. The flowers, stem and leaves are annual, and the lifespan of the bulb, which is in the ground, is 3 years.

During this time, it gradually depletes and dies, and in its place a replacement bulb and children appear. This cycle is constantly repeated, and With proper care, the plant will delight you with its flowering for a very long time.

Growing and care at home

The crop can be cultivated both in open ground and at home. A favorable time for planting flowers is autumn - the end of September. It is important to consider that not all types of plants grow normally at home.

Which variety should I choose? Choosing flowers preference should be given to low-growing varieties, which are characterized by good resistance to disease and unpretentiousness to living conditions.

The planting material must be dense, dry and evenly colored, without visible stains or mechanical damage. The bottom is devoid of roots, and the upper bud shows no signs of growth.

The main stages of planting tulips:

1. Prepare containers whose depth should be at least 15 cm. For convenience, it is better to use plastic containers.
2. Mix the substrate using river sand, turf soil and humus and add wood ash. You can buy a ready-made mixture with excellent water resistance and neutral reaction.
3. Provide a drainage layer in the containers to avoid water stagnation. Expanded clay or other similar material can serve as drainage.
4. Fill the pots halfway with substrate.
5. Place the bulbs on top of the soil, 1 cm apart from each other.
6. Cover the planting material with soil up to the level of the tops. Water generously, and as the soil settles, add the required amount of nutrient soil.
7. Place containers with planted bulbs in a room where it is dark and cool, the temperature is not higher than + 10C, and the humidity is 80%.

Proper planting of tulips:

Further care consists of systematic watering which is carried out once a week. After 20 days, the first shoots form and, when they grow by seven centimeters, the containers can be placed in the room.

Useful information: it is important to protect plants from direct rays of the scorching sun and protect them from drafts. It is also not recommended to place flower pots near central heating radiators.

Water the plants using water that has settled and is at room temperature.

Household tulips should be cut at the very base in the early morning before watering.

It’s easy to create optimal conditions for plants at home.. If desired, you can make a small greenhouse where the required temperature and correct lighting conditions will be maintained.

The tulip is especially popular all over the world, since this most delicate flower is considered everywhere a symbol of spring and youth, a wonderful way to express love.

And its bright colors, elegant shape and easy cultivation have made it one of the favorite flowers in the garden.

The examples presented will help you describe a tulip for children in an artistic style.

Tulip plant description

I would say my favorite flower is the tulip. This flower is very fragile and so delicate that it takes your breath away.

Tulip reminds me of a beautiful young girl. This is probably due to the slenderness of the flower. Tulips bow their heads just as modestly before they bloom. A tulip bud on a flexible straight stem is a real work of art. Their petals are so delicate, as if they were made of silk or some other magical fabric. You touch them and you’re afraid to dent them.

Tulips come in a variety of colors. The most common ones are red, and inside there is a yellow cup with pollen framed in black. Such tulips grow, for example, in my grandparents’ garden. And there are also soft pink, yellow, white, spotted tulips, with and without fringe, and also scarlet and purple! There are so many varieties of tulips! Flower growers have even brought out black tulips, they are simply beautiful.

Tulips are very beautiful when they bloom. And the most wonderful tulips I have ever seen grew in a flowerbed near the theater. They were of a rare variety. These tulips had a soft pink color, even white-pink, the shade was so delicate. And the sun shone through the thinnest petals. On the lawn grass of the flower beds, these tulips looked simply divine.

Text description of the tulip plant

Tulips are spring flowers that are a symbol of spring and warmth. Tulips amaze with their rich and bright color.

Tulips have come a long way to our country. We find the first mention of these flowers in Persia. Only in the middle of the 16th century were tulips brought to Europe, where they began to be very successfully introduced in different countries. Some peoples, such as the Dutch, were so captivated by the charm of these amazing flowers that they even abandoned their production and farms to grow tulips. This love of flowers has led to the fact that today the bright tulip bulbs are a symbol of the Netherlands.

Holding a bouquet of yellow, red and even purple tulips in your hands, you want to enjoy life even more. With their grace and at the same time unpretentiousness, they emphasize the power of nature, which awakens and renews itself. And if you ask me what the best gift is for me, I will answer that it is an armful of plump and round tulips with juicy red petals.

Text description of the tulip 3rd grade

The sight and smell of tulips fill us with joy, serenity and tranquility. Tulip petals give a unique look to the flower, creating an atmosphere of friendliness and fidelity. The stem of this flower resembles a slender girl. It is very thin and greenish. It is very difficult to imagine how the stem can support the powerful head of the flower. And its gorgeous leaves? When you see them, you just want to smile and rejoice.

Tulips (Tulipa)- perennial herbaceous bulbous plants of the lily family (Li-liaceae). They deservedly enjoy wide popularity and are common in all countries with temperate climates. Tulips are the most beautifully blooming among spring flowers and are also relatively unpretentious in cultivation.
Bulb The tulip consists of a bottom (a very shortened stem) and 1-6 closed, fleshy, storage scales in which nutrients are deposited. The top of the bulb is covered with covering scales, protecting it from external adverse influences. Its color can be brown, brown-black and reddish-brown. The size and shape of the bulbs are very diverse and are characteristic of certain types and varieties of tulips.
Along the edges of the bottom on the outside of the bulb, a small thickening stands out - this is the root roller, which contains the rudiments of future roots.
In the first years, juvenile (before the first flowering) small bulbs often form stolons - round, hollow, special outgrowths from the bottom of the bulb, several times thicker than the root. At the bottom of the stolon cavity there is a bud that has moved from the bulb, which grows, forms into a new bulb and occupies a more in-depth (up to 50 cm) position relative to the original plant.
Stem The tulip is represented by three main forms: the bottom, the stolon and the stem of the generative shoot with a peduncle. The latter consists of a section of stem from the lower leaf to the end of the bulb; the middle segment bearing green leaves, and the upper part of the peduncle, which is a direct continuation of the main axis. The stem of the generative shoot is cylindrical, erect, with a height of 5 to 100 cm (in cultivation).
Leaves smooth or wavy, elongated-lanceolate, stem extending from the base of the stem to its middle. An adult plant usually has 2-4 leaves, while a juvenile plant always has only 1 leaf. Color ranges from bright to bluish green. Some species and their hybrids have purple-brown spots and stripes on the upper side of the leaves.
Flower usually one (in some species, varieties and varieties up to 5 or more). The stamens and tepals are arranged in circles. Their number is 6. Tepals without nectaries are brightly colored in a variety of tones. The stamens alternate with the outer and inner circles of the tepals. The anthers are attached to the filaments at the base. Their color is yellow, less often black or purple.
The shape of the flower is very diverse: bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, goblet-shaped and others. The ovary is trilocular, consists of three carpels with a sessile stigma. In each of the nests there are two rows of ovules tightly adjacent to each other.
Fetus tulip - a dry box that is formed from the ovary. The bolls open with three longitudinal cracks along the midrib of each carpel.
Seeds flat, rounded-triangular in shape, covered with a brownish-brown shell. The columnar embryo is clearly visible through the transparent endosperm.

Family: lilies (Liliaceae).

Homeland: Asia and Central Europe.

Form: herbaceous plant.

Description

Tulip is the name of a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants. The genus contains about 140 species. Tulip is a bulbous plant with a few (from 2 to 6) elongated lanceolate leaves, smooth or wrinkled. The stem is 6-60 cm high, depending on the species, ending in one flower. The colors of the flowers are varied. Flowers simple or double. Tulips usually bloom in May-June.

(T. ingens) is a perennial bulbous plant up to 45 centimeters high, with wide bluish-green leaves. The flowers are solitary, wide open, goblet-shaped, up to 14 centimeters in diameter, bright red with a black-violet center. The flowering period begins at the end of April.

(T. dasystemon) is a perennial bulbous plant up to 25 centimeters high, with linear smooth leaves of light green color. The flowers are solitary, up to 5 centimeters in diameter. Golden yellow tulips. Flowering begins in mid-April and ends in early May.

(T. kaufmanniana) is a bulbous plant with a stem height of up to 20 centimeters and wide leaves with dark veins. Single flowers up to 8 centimeters in diameter. The outer surface is yellow, the throat is raspberry-pink. The plant begins to bloom in mid-April, some varieties and hybrids already in early April after the snow melts.

Tulip is excellent (T. subpraestans) is a perennial bulbous plant up to 30 centimeters high. The leaves are wavy, bent. The flowers are wide open, up to 14 centimeters in diameter, with narrow bright red petals and a yellow throat. The flowering period begins in early May and lasts on average 10 days.

Turkestan tulip (T. turkestanica) is a bulbous plant with cup-shaped flowers up to 3 centimeters in diameter. The outer surface is greenish, the throat is yellow. The flowering period begins in April.

(T. biebersteiniana) is a perennial bulbous plant with thin bluish-green stems up to 30 centimeters high. Bieberstein tulip bud drooping. The flower is wide open, star-shaped, golden yellow or white. Flowering in April - May. This type of tulip cannot be dug up for several years.

Greig's Tulip (T. greigii) - a plant up to 40 centimeters high. The flowers are solitary, large, bright, goblet-shaped. They bloom in late April - early May.

Tulip Foster (T. fosteriana) - plants up to 30 centimeters high. The leaves of the Foster tulip are wide, slightly wavy along the edges. The flowers are large (up to 14 centimeters in diameter), solitary, of various colors. Used in the design of rock gardens. Flowering in late April - early May.

Gesner Tulip (T. gesneriana) - low-growing plants, height 15-30 centimeters. The flower is single, red or yellow.

Dwarf tulip (T. humilis) - plants up to 10 centimeters high. Leaves from 2 to 4, flowers usually 1-2. The color of the flowers is white, pink, lilac. Dwarf tulips are usually used in the design of rock gardens.

Lipsky Tulip (T. lipskyi) - a bulbous plant 6-10 centimeters high. The leaves are deflected, edged with a reddish stripe. A single flower with a color ranging from light pink to purple. Flowering in May-June.

(T. schrenkii) - a plant up to 40 centimeters high. The leaves are curly, bent, widely spaced. The flower is solitary, broadly cupped, usually red, although there are varieties with a variety of colors.

Tulip hybrid (T. hybrida) is the combined name of more than 2.5 thousand varieties obtained by crossing several species.

In floriculture, a classification of tulips according to flowering time according to the shape and color of the flowers is also accepted. According to the international register, all varieties and types of tulips are divided into 4 groups, which, in turn, include 15 classes.

1. Early blooming tulips

Simple early tulips - rather short, hardy tulips, resistant to adverse weather conditions. The color of the flowers is most often red or yellow. Early tulips bloom at the end of April.

Terry early tulips - low (up to 30 centimeters in height) tulips with large, up to 8 centimeters in diameter, bright double flowers.

2. Medium blooming tulips

Triumph tulips - plants up to 70 centimeters high with large goblet-shaped flowers of various colors - from white to purple.

Darwinian hybrids - very tall flowers, up to 80 centimeters high. The flowers are large, goblet-shaped, red or bicolor. Frost resistant.

3. Late-blooming tulips

Simple late tulips - powerful plants up to 70-75 centimeters high. Flowers with a square base, blunt-pointed petals. Flower color can be white, black, pink, purple, there are two-color varieties. The class of simple late tulips also includes multi-flowered tulips (spray tulips) - bouquet flowers bearing up to 5 flowers on one peduncle. Late tulip blooms in the second half of May.

Lily tulips - plants up to 60 centimeters high. The flowers have a graceful elongated shape, reminiscent of lilies. The petals are narrow, pointed, bent outward. Lily tulips bloom from mid-May.

Fringed tulips - plants of the most varied heights and colors. Fringed tulips are distinguished by the presence of needle-like fringe along the edge of the petals.

Green tulips - usually medium to tall, with narrow leaves. A distinctive feature of green-colored tulips is green strokes, spots or stripes on the outside of the petal, which, as a rule, looks very impressive against a bright yellow, red, pink or white background. They bloom in the second half of May.

Rembrandt tulips - plants of varying heights with variegated, goblet-shaped flowers. Strokes, spots, stripes on a red, white or yellow background make these variegated tulips very impressive.

Parrot tulips - plants of various heights and colors, distinguished by a very exotic flower shape. The rugged, wavy, ‘disheveled’ petals of this class of tulips resemble a ruffled tropical bird. Flowers can also be huge in size.

Terry late tulips , or peony tulips - distinguished by very large, bright, densely double flowers of various colors. Low resistance to rain and wind.

4. Wild species of tulips, their varieties and their hybrids (botanical tulips):

Kaufmann tulips, varieties and hybrids;

Foster tulips, varieties and hybrids;

Greig's tulips, varieties and hybrids;

other species, including wild tulips, their varieties and hybrids.

Growing conditions

Tulip is a flower that develops well in open sunny areas protected from the wind. Soils for tulips are preferably fertile, loose, loamy or sandy loam, with or slightly alkaline reaction. In general, tulips are quite undemanding to grow and can adapt to almost any conditions, but if agricultural practices are not followed, they can become smaller and degenerate.

Application

Tulip flowers are grown in group plantings, on, under trees, as well as in containers, flowerpots,. A huge variety of tulip varieties, shapes and colors allows you to create a wide variety of compositions. And by selecting varieties of tulips according to flowering time, you can ensure that they continuously replace each other from April to June. Tulips in the spring are able to color the garden with the brightest colors long before the appearance of most other beautifully flowering plants. Good partners for tulips are and other spring plants. Tulips are also suitable for forcing. Cut tulips last a very long time in a vase.

Care

As soon as tulips begin to sprout in the spring, they must be carefully examined. Sick plants with slow growth or signs of disease should be immediately dug up and destroyed to prevent the spread of disease. About three times during the growing season, it is advisable to feed tulips in the garden with water-soluble mineral fertilizers. Watering is necessary regularly, but moderately. Tulip is a plant that does not tolerate stagnant water. Regular weeding and loosening of the soil are required. Caring for tulips after flowering is practically stopped.

Tulip bulbs, as a rule, are dug up after the above-ground part of the plant dies and are stored until next spring in a cool, dry room. There are types of tulips that do not require annual digging.

You can learn more about how to grow tulips, as well as how to care for tulips, from the special one.

Reproduction

Garden forms of tulips are propagated, as a rule, by daughter bulbs. Tulips are planted before winter, in September. Seed propagation of tulips is usually used only for breeding new varieties when breeding tulips or when propagating wild species.

Diseases and pests

The main reason for disease damage is improper agricultural technology for tulips. Tulips are often affected by fungal diseases - these are various types of rot, rhizoctonia, trichoderma, penicellosis. Prevention measures - good drainage, fresh soil, fungicide treatment is possible. Viral diseases of tulips - variegation, August disease. Infected plants are destroyed along with the clod of earth where they grew. Pests of tulips are onion mites, aphids, onion hoverflies, wireworms, and mole crickets. Aphids can also be carriers of diseases. Typically, aphids are sprayed with pesticides. To combat pests that damage the bulbs, systematic weeding and loosening of the soil are carried out.

Popular varieties

Varieties of early terry tulip

‘Beauty of Apeldoorn’- a plant about 55 centimeters high. Yellow-golden tulip, densely double flowers, rounded petals, outer petals with green strokes. Tulip ‘Beauty of Apeldoorn’ blooms in April.

'Abba'- scarlet-red tulip with green stripes along the outer petals. Tulip ‘Abba’ blooms in the second half of April.

'Monte Carlo'- yellow tulips 25-35 centimeters high. Tulip ‘Monte Carlo’ blooms in the second half of April.

Triumph tulip varieties

Varieties of simple late tulip

'Shirley'- an elegant white tulip with lilac strokes along the upper edge of the petal. The height of the ‘Shirley’ tulip is up to 50 centimeters. Flowering in May.

'Toronto'- pink-yellow-orange tulips with burgundy veins. 'Toronto' tulip leaves (white edged).

'Menton'- pink tulips. The height of the Menton tulip is up to 60 centimeters.

‘Picche’- a tulip of an unusual shape, with the edges of the petals bent outward. The color of the flowers of the tulip ‘Picche’ is lilac-pink.

Late terry tulip variety 'Ice Cream'- the flower of this tulip is shaped like an ice cream cup. The short outer petals of the 'Ice Cream' tulip are soft pink with green streaks. The dense and longer inner petals are snow-white and form a foamy ‘cap’.

Green tulip variety 'China Town'- a spectacular tulip with curved soft pink petals in light green stripes. 'Chinatown' tulip leaves with white edges.