Lecture “220 years since the birth of St. Innocent. Lecture “220th anniversary of the birth of St. Innocent. Which letter is 220 years old?

The most emotional and most discussed letter of the Russian alphabet, Y, turned 220 years old on November 29, 2017. In Ulyanovsk, a literary festival was timed to coincide with this date. Our fellow countryman Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was one of those who introduced the letter E into active use. It is in Ulyanovsk that a monument was erected to a letter with a difficult fate. The history of its appearance, and other interesting facts about the letter E.

Competitions, excursions, book exhibitions and creative meetings. All this on 5 sites and three floors. The letter E celebrates another anniversary on a grand scale.

People first thought about its creation back in 1783. Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, together with Gavriil Derzhavin, Denis Fonvizin and other scientists, proposed, instead of depicting the corresponding sound on the letter, a new letter Yo, instead of two letters “io”.

Olga DORANOVA
SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY OF THE BOOK PALACE OF THE ULYANOVSK REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY
It was not immediately that this letter found its place in spelling. Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin also used it in his correspondence. Then another of our fellow countrymen, Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, drew attention to her. In the collection “And My Trifles,” he used E with two dots on top in the word “everything.” But we are grateful to our fellow countryman, historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, for the fact that we still have the first imprint on the letter, in print, thanks to him.

Festival participants were able to get acquainted with the appearance of the first letter E and its closest followers at the excursion-lecture “Child of Simbirsk Minds - the Letter E” and at the exhibition of rare books and manuscripts “From the history of the Russian alphabet”.

Varvara MAKAROVA
STUDENT OF SCHOOL No. 21
The letter E is one of the most beautiful, sonorous and joyful sounds in Russian literature. I hope that it will always be present in the Russian language, because without it, it seems to me, we will not feel comfortable.

A master class on shadow theater from the actors of the Ulyanovsk Puppet Theater, interactive programs and quizzes, theatrical performances, reading fairy tales aloud, competitions of proverbs, tongue twisters, riddles - everything about the letter E and for festival visitors about the letter E.

Evgenia SIDOROVA
DEPUTY MINISTER OF ARTS AND CULTURAL POLICY OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION
We were very pleasantly surprised when the creators of, I think, everyone’s favorite film “Yolki” came up with the initiative to congratulate the letter E on his birthday. For the first time in our city, congratulations from the creators of the films “Yolki” on the birthday of the letter E have already been posted on large television screens.

“Karamzin Readings” cannot do without mentioning the letter E. They are called the key event of the Decade of Russian History. A large-scale cultural event in the region will be held in Ulyanovsk from December 1 to 12.

Your anniversary November 18th marks the seventh letter of the Russian alphabet - “ё”. It has existed in the alphabet for 220 years.

Once upon a time, “yo” found very influential supporters - Derzhavin, Karamzin and Metropolitan Gabriel. For more than two centuries, interest in this letter has grown rapidly and fallen just as dizzily. They either declared it mandatory or tried to remove it from use. Now the linguistic world is divided into those who are for and those who are against.

“Optimism test: if you are a positive person, read the word “let’s take a break” with an “e”; if not, with an “e”. Two small dots can radically change the meaning of a written text.”, - says the correspondent of “Kuban 24” Anastasia Deshina.

Not a single letter of the Russian alphabet has ever caused as much controversy as “ё” provokes. Arguments about her original Russian origin and debates about the manifestation of patriotism are circulating on the vast expanses of the Internet. Now its use is optional, that is, at the choice of the one who writes.

They came up with “e” on a November day. Princess Ekaterina Dashkova suggested using the new letter. Her arguments seemed convincing to members of the Academy of Sciences, and on November 18, 1783, the letter “e” received official recognition.

“By the way, it was first used in the printed word only in 1795, and then its fate was perhaps not very successful. This was due to the fact that in the 19th century, especially in the second half of the century, when mass printing began, magazines and newspapers were published. This made printing services more expensive, so the letter “е” was replaced with the letter “e”.”, explains Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Russian Language at KubSU Lyudmila Kostina.

But for modern fellow printers, the letter “е” is not a financial burden. Modern technologies have made printing two dots inexpensive, so for publishers there is no difference whether to print “e” or “e”. To be or not to be in a text is the author’s business.

“The editor and the author have the right to decide, when working on a book, whether to leave it with a period or not. The very writing of the letter “е” is recommended for primary schoolchildren, for textbooks used by foreigners, in surnames and in those places where it is very important to emphasize, place emphasis and indicate emphasis.”, - notes the director of the publishing house Alexander Kasyanov.

There are special programs for this - efictors. They help to place the letter “ё” in a written text in accordance with the rules of the Russian language. By the way, linguists who support its use also call themselves the same. In 1997, thanks to their efforts, an unusual monument appeared in Ulyanovsk - the seventh letter of the alphabet. It was created in honor of the 200th anniversary of the letter “е”.

There are 12.5 thousand words in the Russian language with “е”, but in the 17-volume large academic dictionary they did not allocate a separate place for this letter. All these words are mixed with the letter "e". In order to correct this injustice, a dictionary of the use of “ё” was created. There are also proper names. There are more than 2.5 thousand of them in the Russian language. By the way, an error in them can last a person’s entire life.

“We fill out passports based on birth certificates, and if someone ever made a mistake, we recommend correcting it.”, - says the head of the department for ensuring passport and registration work of the Federal Migration Service of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory Elena Bolbat.

“I don’t know about you, but for me personally these two points are decisive, because they are what distinguish me from my cameraman Yuri Dyoshin”, - concludes Anastasia Deshina.

Every year is full of its own memorable dates. “Round” numbers—anniversary ones—are of particular importance. The anniversaries in 2017 are not only people, but also cities, works, compositions, films, round dates are dispersed across the months of the year. This or that ten years that have passed since a significant event makes you remember, reread your favorite books, watch movies, enjoy your favorite music again. Anniversaries are both an occasion to remember and an opportunity to learn something new. This is especially true for book anniversaries. By reading popular books of past eras, you can better understand the contemporaries of this work and learn lessons for today's life.

Books anniversaries 2017

• The youngest anniversary date in 2017 can boast of the historical novel by Anatoly Rybakov about the phenomenon of Soviet totalitarianism - “Children of the Arbat”. The first book of the trilogy was published in 1987, and in 2017 the work will be 30 years old;
• 40 and 45 years since the release of two books by Valentin Pikul: “The Battle of the Iron Chancellors” and “With a Pen and a Sword.”
• as many as four anniversaries celebrate their sixtieth anniversary in 2017: Ray Bradbury’s landmark, largely autobiographical book “Dandelion Wine”; Nikolai Nosov’s collection “Dreamers”, beloved by many generations of children; Mikhail Sholokhov’s poignant story “The Fate of a Man”; and translated into dozens of languages, Ivan Efremov’s novel “The Hadromeda Nebula”;
• the aksakals on the list of anniversaries in 2017 will be fairy tales: 190 years ago, Gauff’s instructive story “Dwarf Nose” was published; The first collection of the Brothers Grimm, “Children's and Family Fairy Tales”, is 205 years old; 320 years since the amazing stories of Charles Perrault were written.
• the same serious anniversary - 195 years - is celebrated by A.S. Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg”;
• 185 years have already passed since Nikolai Gogol wrote the fascinating “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”;
• 115 years ago, one of the most fascinating and scary stories about the famous detective from Baker Street, “The Hound of the Baskervilles,” came out.

Writers of the year 2017

Grateful readers will remember many geniuses and hard workers in the coming year. Masters of the Pen Day is celebrated in 2017 on March 3 (World Writers Day). Books are a special invention of humanity; they help overcome difficulties, influence entire nations and generations, and create their own tangible reality. Among the anniversaries dating back centuries, we can note:

• 120th anniversary of Valentin Kataev. The adult generation probably remembers his famous story “Son of the Regiment”;
• in January, Tolkienists and simply lovers of excellent fantasy will be able to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the birth of their idol - John Tolkien, author of works about hobbits, elves, dark forces and the One Ring. Also in 2017, the famous work “The Hobbit” will turn 80 years old;
• Fans of The War of the Worlds will be able to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of H.G. Wells on September 21;
• 185 years ago, a mathematician who became famous as a writer was born - Lewis Carroll, creator of Alice's adventures;
• in November it will be 195 years since the birth of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, an expert on human souls;
• 200 years since the birth of Russian writers K.S. Aksakov and A.K. Tolstoy;
• At the end of February, fans of French literature will be able to celebrate the 215th anniversary of the birth of Victor Hugo;
• Also in February, connoisseurs of now English classics will celebrate the 305th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens;
• 300 years separate today's readers from the birth of A.P. Sumarokov;
• exactly 395 years ago the great comedian and reformer of the performing arts, Jean Baptiste Moliere, was born;
• Jonathan Swift, the author of Gulliver's famous travels, came to this world 350 years ago.

Modern writers of anniversaries

• Victoria Tokareva, a modern prose writer and scriptwriter for the cult film “Gentlemen of Fortune,” will celebrate her 80th birthday;
• The famous American science fiction writer Roger Zelazny turns 80;
• The same anniversary would have happened in March for the prose writer and publicist Valentin Rasputin. The author of multifaceted “village prose” was born in March 1937, and died the day before his birthday - in March 2015;
• The author of “Monumental Propaganda” Vladimir Voinovich will celebrate his 85th birthday;
• September 12 marks the 95th anniversary of the birth of the ironic and magnificent Polish science fiction writer Stanislaw Lem;
• On October 8 of this year, the creator of the image of the legendary Stirlitz, prose writer and publicist Yulian Semenov, could celebrate his 85th birthday.

Children's writers

Being a children's writer is not difficult, but it is very, very difficult. Little readers are not lying; they either wholeheartedly accept their favorite books or resolutely refuse to read them. Talented writers for children delight more than one generation of readers from different countries with their books:

• Children's poetess Yunna Maritz will celebrate her 80th birthday this summer;
• the favorite writer of all naughty children, Grigory Oster, will celebrate his 70th birthday;
• 80 years old to the author of Cheburashka and all the characters in the saga of Uncle Fyodor - Eduard Uspensky;
• in 2017, two from the Chukovsky family are celebrating an anniversary: ​​135 years since the birth of the Master, Korney Ivanovich, and 110 years since the birth of his daughter, also a poetess, Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya;
• A contemporary of Chukovsky, Samuil Marshak, would have celebrated his 130th anniversary.
• It will be 110 years since the birth of Swede Astrid Lindgren, whose daring and witty little girl Pippi has long been loved by many generations of children;
• 2017 will also mark the 135th anniversary of the birth of Alan Milne, playwright, poet and creator of the funny, cute bear Winnie the Pooh;
• April 27 is the 115th anniversary of the birth of the wonderful Russian writer Valentina Oseeva. Her stories for children taught many young readers how to live a correct and conscientious life.

Poets happy anniversary in the new year

• the author of melodic poems and lyrics for songs, Robert Rozhdestvensky, would celebrate his 85th birthday next year;
• 150 years since the birth of Konstantin Balmont and 130 years of Igor Severyanin. Both were poets of the Silver Age, both have fans of their poems in the modern age of the Millennium;
• 125 years have passed since the birth of the soulful and sensitive Marina Tsvetaeva;
• at the end of 2017 - the anniversary of the famous German poet Heinrich Heine - 220 years;
• Highly valued by Pushkin, the poet Konstantin Batyushkov was born 230 years ago.

Composers of the year 2017

When talking about the influence of books, we cannot forget about music. Inspiring, calling, telling, sad, romantic music appeals to our heart, bypassing the verbal gates of the mind. In 2017 we will remember the following composers and their works:

• January: 220 years from the birth of the Austrian Franz Schubert;
• February: Legendary rocker Kurt Cobain would have turned fifty on the 20th;
• February 28 - 225 years since the birth of the author of world opera masterpieces - Gioachino Rossini;
• April – 100 years ago the Soviet composer Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy was born. His song about fellow soldiers became a favorite among many who went through the war;
• June: 200th anniversary of the birth of organist and composer Charles Gounod;
• September: 110 years since the birth of Dmitry Shostakovich - pianist, composer and teacher;
• October: Frenchman Gilbert Becaud, the author of hundreds of popular hits, was born 90 years ago; in October, the 205th anniversary of the birth of the Hungarian virtuoso, composer and conductor Franz Liszt will come;
• 2017 marks the 85th anniversary of the American composer whose music everyone has heard. John Williams is the author of musical tracks for such masterpieces as “Harry Potter”, “Superman”, “Star Wars”;
• another film composer, Eduard Artemyev, will celebrate his eightieth birthday in 2017. Artemyev “voiced” the works of Tarkovsky, Mikhalkov, Konchalovsky;
• Waltz master Evgeniy Doga will also celebrate his 80th birthday next year.

As you can see, 2017 will be rich in events, memorable dates and anniversaries. 2017god.org highlights the most significant and popular news of the coming year. Here you will read about what to expect in 2017 from

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2017 is an unusual year. It marks many anniversaries of famous historical figures and their equally popular “colleagues” living at the same time as us. However, in the coming year we will have to remember other significant events more than once! History, culture, science – 2017 has at least one anniversary in store for each of these areas. Some of them are sad, some are not, but each deserves close attention. So, lovers of history, science and art, take out your pencils and mark significant dates on your calendar - there will be something to think about!

Anniversaries of historical events

870 years ago Moscow was first mentioned in chronicles

870 years since the first mention of Moscow

The Russian capital calculates its years from April 4, 1147. It was on this day that the first mention of the city of Moscow was recorded. It was preserved by the Ipatiev Chronicle. True, then the name looked a little different - it sounded like “Moskov”. The chronicle tells that on this day Prince Yuri Dolgoruky received Svyatoslav Olgovich with his allies and friends. It was in “Moskov” that they all met.

680 years of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra

In 1337, not far from Moscow, on the Makovets hill, Sergius of Radonezh settled as a hermit. Like-minded people quickly began to join him, and just five years later, by 1342, a monastery appeared here, which today bears the name of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. However, its history is still usually traced back to the year when Father Sergius came to the holy places.

660 years of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery

Not many ancient churches standing outside the Kremlin have survived in Moscow. The oldest of them is located on the territory of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery. The very first, then still wooden, church was erected in 1357, when the monastery was founded. The temple did not stand for long: after a fire, the wooden building was destroyed. In its place, the Spassky Cathedral was erected - the most ancient of Moscow, not counting the Kremlin ones.

620th anniversaries

Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery will soon celebrate its 620th anniversary

• Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in 2017 will celebrate two milestone dates at once. The fact is that followers of the teachings of Sergius of Radonezh settled here. And the monastery founded by him also celebrates its anniversary. The history of the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery begins with Kirill Belozersky, who in 1397 dug a cave near Lake Siverskoye and settled in it. Today the monastery is a museum reserve and is included in the list of especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of Russia.
• Sretensky Monastery, formed in the same 1397, owes its appearance to a real miracle. Two years earlier, Mongol troops led by Tamerlane were advancing on Moscow. To help the city, the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God was sent to Moscow from Vladimir. Metropolitan Cyprian of Kiev went with a religious procession to meet the shrine. The icon arrived safely in Moscow, and a day later Tamerlane’s troops changed course. In the place where believers met the miraculous face - on Kuchkovo Field - Prince Vasily I ordered the construction of a monastery.

530 years of the Moscow Kremlin

Now this fortress is the calling card of the Russian capital. However, five and a half hundred years ago it began to be built as a defensive structure. The front part of the palace was the first to be erected in the huge Kremlin ensemble. Two Italian architects, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari, worked on its construction. Part of the ancient Kremlin has survived to this day: be transported to Moscow in the 15th century. possible in the Chamber of Facets.

520 years of the Russian coat of arms

Historians associate the use of the image of a double-headed eagle as the coat of arms of the Moscow Principality with Tsar Ivan III. He acquired such a seal when the state finally gained complete independence from the oppression of the Golden Horde. In 1747, the tsar sealed with a new sign the charters that were transferred to the appanage princes to take possession of the lands. These papers are considered the first documents on which the double-headed eagle was used as a state emblem. In the same year, his images decorated the Chamber of Facets.

The coat of arms of Russia in the form of a double-headed eagle appeared 520 years ago

240 years of seven Russian cities

Celebrations dedicated to round dates will be held in seven cities across Russia in 2017. All these settlements will turn almost a quarter of a millennium! “Birthdays” will be celebrated by Stavropol, Cherepovets, Luga, Velikiye Luki, Petrozavodsk, Rybinsk and Pavlovsk (though in 1777, when they were all founded, the latter was not a city, but the village of Pavlovskoye).

220 years of Mikhailovsky Castle

On March 9, 1792, the foundation stone of the Mikhailovsky (or Engineer) Castle, the residence of Emperor Paul I, was solemnly founded in St. Petersburg. It is interesting that this palace is the only one in the history of secular Russian architecture that was named after the patron saint, and not the person for whom was built, or the area where it was located. It owes its name to the Church of the Archangel Michael, located in the castle. Mikhail is considered the patron of the Romanov dynasty. The castle, so beloved by the emperor, also became the place of his death. There is a legend that the spirit of Paul I now wanders around the palace as a ghost.

220 years since the beginning of the departure from serfdom

On April 16, 1797, Paul I was crowned. On the same day, he issued a law according to which the serfs switched to a three-day corvee. The emperor's decision became fateful for millions of people throughout the empire, and for Russia itself. This order marked the beginning of a move away from serfdom, which ended six and a half decades later, in 1861.

150 years of American Alaska

On March 30, 1867, Russian Emperor Alexander II signed an agreement in Washington for the sale of the “Russian North American Colonies” to the United States. The document came into force a little less than six months later - in October it was ratified by the Russian Governing Senate. On October 18, the territories were officially transferred to the jurisdiction of the American side.

The purchase of Alaska cost the United States less than the construction of one building

The deal cost America $7.2 million in gold. In terms of 2009 exchange rates, this amount would be about 108 million dollars in gold. It's quite inexpensive: around the same time, the first three-story building appeared in New York. It cost the city more than the vast territory purchased from Russia for the entire country.

100 years of the October Revolution

On November 7, 1917 (October 25, old style, hence the name) a coup d'état took place in Petrograd. The Provisional Government was overthrown by members (mainly Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries) under the leadership of Lenin, Trotsky and Sverdlov. Subsequent events - the Civil War, the establishment of Soviet power, etc. - completely turned the history of Russia upside down and became, perhaps, the largest historical event of the 20th century, as they influenced the course of all world history.

80 years of the Great Terror

The darkest anniversary of 2017. 80 years ago, on July 30, 1937, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR issued the infamous order No. 00447. The document prescribed an operation to repress “anti-Soviet elements.” The list included all former kulaks, members of Cossack and White Guard organizations, criminals, etc. The most dangerous of them were supposed to be shot, the rest were to be repressed. The order marked the beginning of a huge tragedy.

A total of 770 thousand people fell into the meat grinder of Stalin's repressions for the period from August 37th to November 38th. 390 thousand of them died and 380 thousand ended up in the Gulag. The planned figure was several times less - about 270 thousand people. Information about the Great Terror remained classified for almost 60 years. The bloody order was published only in June, and other documents in July 1992. Victims of Stalin’s terror in Russia are remembered on October 30, the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression.

Anniversaries in the field of culture, science and society

340 years ago, the first machine for printing notes in Russia was manufactured

340 years of Russian music printing

Simon Matveevich Gutovsky is a notable figure in the history of Russian culture. A Pole by birth, he served for many years at the royal court. He worked in the Armory, was engaged in the manufacture of large organs for the boyars and the Kremlin, and also became the organizer of an orchestra of serf musicians, which played in the local theater. But, in addition, he became famous as the person who opened the way for Russian music printing. The hands of Simon Gutovsky built the first machine in Russia for making engravings on copper. Sheet music was subsequently printed on it. This event dates back to 1677.

330 years of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy

Higher education began in Russia in 1687. It was then that the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy opened in Moscow. Subsequently, it will give Russia such remarkable figures of culture, science and art as Mikhail Lomonosov, Antioch Kantemir, Vasily Bazhenov, Pyotr Postnikov and others. The organization of the educational institution was initiated by Simeon of Polotsk, a poet and teacher, teacher of the royal children and a graduate of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy.

His student, the first Russian bibliographer Simeon, also played an important role in the creation of the academy. Children from all classes could study at the institution. Just 14 years after its opening, the academy received state status. Peter I favored him. The academy had the largest Russian library at that time, as well as one of the first theaters.

140 years of Swan Lake

To call this ballet a masterpiece is not enough - “Swan Lake” has become one of the iconic works of world ballet and secured Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s place on the list of the greatest composers of all times. The production premiered on March 4, 1877. The play, directed by Wenzel Reisinger, was shown at the Bolshoi Theater, but failed.

The legendary ballet "Swan Lake" will celebrate its 140th anniversary

The ballet survived another edition - Joseph Hansen - until a successful classical one appeared. It was presented at the Mariinsky Theater in January 1885 by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov. Today, Swan Lake is on the list of the most popular ballets - it is performed almost most often. In 2010, director Darren Aronofsky shot the thriller “Black Swan,” in which the main characters compete with each other for the right to dance in “Swan Lake.”

During the conflict, one of the girls goes crazy. The main roles in the film were played by Natalie Portman, Mila Kunis and Vincent Cassel. Portman received four awards for it - an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Saturn Award. The latter was also awarded to Kunis for her supporting role. Clint Mansell wrote a musical variation on the main motif of Tchaikovsky’s “Swan Lake” for Aronofsky’s film.

110 years of patent for electronic television

On July 25, 1907, physicist and teacher Boris Lvovich Rosing applied for a patent for what is now called television. The scientist himself defined his invention as “A method for electrically transmitting images over a distance.” Three and a half years later, the permit was issued. During this time, Rosing managed to patent his invention also in England and Germany. A year later, he finalized the original scheme and received the first image on a kinescope of his own invention. This day is considered the beginning of the TV era.

90 years of space exhibitions

Moscow turned out to be a pioneer of space exhibitions. On April 21, 1927, the First World Exhibition of interplanetary vehicles, mechanisms, instruments and historical materials opened in the Russian capital. The event was non-governmental, and it was organized by Alexander Fedorov, a friend of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, to draw attention to the latter’s ideas. For two months, the inventions of Tsiolkovsky himself, Nikolai Kibalchich, and their foreign colleagues Robert Goddard, Max Vallier, Hermann Oberth from the USA, France and Romania, respectively, were exhibited on Tverskaya.

80 years of the Kyiv metro station

In March 1937, a new station on the Filyovskaya line, called “Kyiv,” was inaugurated in the Moscow metro. Initially, the lobby was decorated in yellow and blue colors and decorated with Ukrainian ornaments. In 2014, renovations began at the station. According to the plans of local authorities, after restoration the hall will regain its appearance of the 30s. In the same year, the Smolensky metro bridge was put into operation, connecting Kievskaya and Smolenskaya.

60th anniversaries

The famous monument to Pushkin in St. Petersburg

• On June 19, 1957, a monument to Pushkin was opened in what was then Leningrad. The monument was erected to honor the 250th anniversary of the city. The first competition for a model of the monument was announced back in 1937, but no worthy option was found. The issue was resolved when in 1949, already in the fourth round of the competition, sculptor Mikhail Anikushin submitted an application. It was he who was destined to become the author of the famous monument that adorns the St. Petersburg Arts Square.
• On July 31 of the same year, the Union adopted a resolution “On the development of housing construction in the USSR” - and appeared in the country. From now on, all the cities of a large country will look the same - covered with a dense network of “boxes” of four to five floors.
• On August 25, the legendary “Rocket” set off on its first water “flight”. The first ship traveled from Gorky to Kazan and covered 420 km in seven hours. However, this transport was loved not only and not so much for its speed, but for the large open area at the stern. Walking on the Rocket became one of the favorite family entertainments for many residents of the Union, within whose reach there was a suitable navigable river.
• On October 4, a grand breakthrough occurred - Sputnik 1 was launched into space. It became the first artificial Earth satellite in history. The complex work was led by Sergei Korolev and his team: Mstislav Keldysh, Mikhail Tikhonravov, Gleb Maksimov and others. Now this day is considered the beginning of world cosmonautics. In Russia, October 4 is celebrated as a holiday - Space Forces Day.
• That same year, Soviet readers first picked up a book about Carlson, who lives on the roof. In 1957, its translation into Russian appeared. Lilianna Lungina undertook to translate Astrid Lindgren's text. After her translation, two more appeared: Lyudmila Braude and Eduard Uspensky. However, Lungina’s translation is still considered a classic. The first performances about a funny guy with a propeller on his back appeared in the 60s, and the first cartoon, “Baby and Carlson,” was released in 1968, 11 years after the book was published.

50th anniversaries

The film “Prisoner of the Caucasus” will soon turn half a century old!

• On April Fool's Day, April 1, 1967, a film was released, the popularity of which has not waned to this day - for half a century! We are talking about Leonid Gaidai’s comedic masterpiece “Prisoner of the Caucasus, or Shurik’s New Adventures.” New - because this picture was preceded by “Operation “Y”. As in the first film, the main character is the romantic klutz Shurik, and in the background there is a colorful trinity: Coward, Dunce and Experienced. The picture gained enormous popularity, many phrases from it became catchphrases, and the trio were used as characters for the cartoon “The Town Musicians of Bremen.” Interestingly, in 2014, director Maxim Voronkov decided to make a remake of Gaidaev’s comedy. The picture turned out to be an absolute failure. It was criticized by all the country's leading publications, the box office grossed 180 thousand dollars (with a budget of 3.5 million), and in the ranking of one of the popular film portals, Voronkov's remake was in a disgraceful second place from the bottom.
• On April 23 of the same year, Soyuz-1 launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome, which became the first Soviet manned spacecraft. The flight was controlled by Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (by the way, Yuri Gagarin was being prepared for the flight as a backup). The device had a dual mission. First, he had to experience manned flight. Secondly, after Soyuz-1, Soyuz-2 was to be launched with three cosmonauts on board. The two devices had to be docked. However, already during takeoff, problems occurred on Soyuz-1. One of the solar panels did not open, and the ship left orbit due to lack of electricity. And already in the atmosphere the parachute did not work. Soyuz-1 crashed, the pilot died. Due to the failures that were observed from the beginning of the flight, the launch of Soyuz-2 was cancelled. Despite the tragic outcome, the flight of Soyuz-1 became a landmark event in the development of Soviet, Russian and world cosmonautics.
• On November 4, 1967, the construction of the Ostankino TV tower was completed. It holds the title of the tallest building in Europe - 540.1 m. At the time of commissioning it was the tallest building in the world. Now the tower transmits signals from more than 20 TV channels and multiplexes and the same number of radio stations. In addition, the building houses a concert hall with 750 seats and two observation decks. The closed one is at an altitude of 337 m, the open one is at an altitude of 340 m. The chief designer of the tower was Nikolai Nikitin. He was inspired by a lily flower, which, when turned upside down, became the prototype for the tower.