The maximum number of lessons per week. On the distribution of teaching load in secondary schools

For most parents, the issue of overloading children at school is one of the most exciting. now they are solid, plus sections, tutors, and the child should have enough strength for all this. At the same time, he must maintain physical health and psyche, otherwise there will be no benefit from either the school curriculum or extra classes.

In this regard, many parents want to know exactly what is the maximum number of lessons at school?

This issue is regulated by SanPiN No. 189, which provides clear definitions of classroom and general educational workload.

Maximum classroom load

During the school week, first-graders should have no more than 4 lessons daily;

Students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons;

Pupils of 5-6th grades - no more than 6;

Senior students - no more than 7 lessons.

Total daily load during the day

SanPiN norms also regulate the daily volume of the total load:

for - 4 lessons 4 times a week and 5 lessons, including physical education, 1 time per week;

for the rest of the primary school - 5 lessons 4 times a week and 6 lessons, including physical education, 1 time per week;

For five-seventh graders - no more than 7 lessons;

For high school students - no more than 8 lessons.

These standards are mandatory, they are based on hygienic requirements.

Compulsory lessons do not include electives and paid educational services, according to the Federal Law on Education, which are not optional. We should not forget about elective subjects, which 10-11th graders are required to choose from the school list after receiving basic education.

Participation in electives, which are an element of extracurricular activities, is voluntary for schoolchildren.

In educational institutions, it is customary to first draw up a schedule of compulsory classes, and only then move on to optional ones. For them, the days when the number of compulsory lessons is minimal are optimal. Before extracurricular activities, a 45-minute break is recommended to allow students to switch to other activities.

In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, item 167; No. 27 (part 1), item 2700; 2004, No. 35, item 3607; 2005, No. 19, item 1752; 2006, No. 1, item 10; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007, No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008 , No. 24, item 2801; No. 29 (part 1), item 3418; No. 30 (part 2), item 3616; No. 44, item 4984; No. 52 (part 1), item 6223 ; 2009, No. 1, article 17; 2010, No. 40, article 4969; 2011, No. 1, article 6; No. 30 (part 1), article 4563, article 4590, article 4591, article 4596; No. 50, item 7359; 2012, No. 24, item 3069; No. 26, item 3446; 2013, No. 27, item 3477; No. 30 (part 1), item 4079; No. 48, item 6165; 2014, No. 26 (part 1), article 3366, article 3377; 2015, No. 1 (part I), article 11; No. 27, article 3951; No. 29 (part I), art. 4339 and art. 4359), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary on the Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, art. 3295; 2004, no. 8, art. 663; 2004, no. 47, art. 4666; 2005, no. 39, art. 3953) I decree:

Introduce changes No. 3 to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training, maintenance in educational institutions", approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 03.03.2011, registration No. 19993), as amended by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 06.29.2011 No. 85 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 12.15.2011, registration No. 22637) and the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 25.12. 2013 No. 72 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 27, 2014, registration No. 31751) (Appendix).

A.Yu. Popova

Application

Changes #3
in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions"
(approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 24, 2015 No. 81)

Make the following changes to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10:

1. Clause 1.3. put in the editorial:

“Sanitary rules apply to designed, operating, under construction and reconstructed educational organizations.

Sanitary rules apply to all general education organizations that implement basic general education programs, as well as provide supervision and care for children in extended day groups.

In order to create conditions for the education of children with disabilities in educational institutions during construction and reconstruction, measures are envisaged to create an accessible (barrier-free) environment that ensures the free movement of children in buildings and premises.

2. Throughout the text of the sanitary rules:

The words "educational process" shall be replaced by the words "educational activity";

The words “I stage” shall be replaced by the words “primary general education”;

The words “second stage” shall be replaced by the words “basic general education”;

The words "III stage" shall be replaced by the words "secondary general education";

The words "educational institution" shall be replaced by the words "organization carrying out educational activities" in the appropriate case.

3. Clause 3.8. add the following paragraph to the second paragraph:

“On the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization, it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.”.

4. Clause 3.13. exclude.

5. Clause 4.1. add the seventh paragraph with the following content:

“When designing and constructing several buildings of a general education organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.

6. The second sentence of the paragraph of the first paragraph 4.5. be stated as follows: “Wardrobes are equipped with hangers, hooks for clothes, the mounting height of which should correspond to the growth and age characteristics of students, and cells for shoes. Benches are provided for dressing rooms.

7. Paragraph two of clause 4.13. to read as follows:

“When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor, the standard levels of sound pressure and vibration must be ensured in accordance with hygiene standards.” .

8. In clause 4.21, the second paragraph shall be stated as follows:

“Medical care for students of small-scale general educational organizations is allowed on the basis of organizations engaged in medical activities.”.

9. In paragraph five of clause 4.25, the words “disinfectants” shall be replaced by the words “disinfectants”.

10. Paragraph five of clause 4.25 shall be supplemented with the following sentence: "It is allowed to use disposable toilet seats".

11. In paragraph 4.28. in the second sentence, the words "provided that the height of the premises is not less than 2.75 m, and in newly built buildings - not less than 3.6 m." be replaced by the words "subject to the observance of the air exchange rate".

12. In the first paragraph of clause 5.7, after the words after "have dark green" add the words "or dark brown color and anti-reflective coating.".

13. The first sentence of the fourth paragraph of clause 5.7. to read as follows:

“It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards, touch screens, information panels and other means of displaying information that meet hygienic requirements.”

14. Chapter V "Requirements for premises and equipment" shall be supplemented with paragraph 5.19. the following content:

“5.19. The capacity of small educational institutions is determined by the design task.

5.19.1. When designing small educational institutions, the mandatory set of premises includes: wardrobe; study rooms; dining room sanitary facilities (separately for students and staff); recreation; storage room for cleaning equipment; medical facilities (doctor's office for examining children, treatment room); sports hall, equipment room; administrative and utility rooms, an assembly hall and a library. Sports halls are equipped with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.

5.19.2. A sports hall, a dining room, technological workshops for boys, a wardrobe are located on the ground floor. It is allowed to place a wardrobe in the basement of the task.

When designing a general educational organization, the locker rooms at the sports hall are provided with an area of ​​at least 14.0 each.

5.19.3. As part of the production premises of the catering unit, the following premises are provided: vegetable processing, harvesting and hot shops, washing for separate washing of tableware and kitchen utensils.

Storage of food products and food raw materials should be carried out in pantries (for vegetables, dry products, perishable products). When organizing the daily receipt of food products and food raw materials, it is allowed to use one pantry room.

5.19.4. The content and organization of the work of the dining room in terms of space-planning and design solutions, sanitary and technical support, requirements for equipment, inventory, utensils and containers, sanitary condition and maintenance of premises, washing dishes, catering, including the formation of an approximate menu, conditions and food preparation technologies, requirements for the prevention of vitamin and microelement deficiencies, organization of the drinking regime, personal hygiene and medical examinations by staff, storage and transportation of food products, daily maintenance of the necessary documentation of the catering unit (rejection journals, health journal, etc.) must comply with sanitary epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general educational organizations and professional educational organizations.

The diet and frequency of meals should be set depending on the time spent by students in the organization *.

5.19.5. The surface of walls, floors and ceilings of medical facilities (doctor's office for examining children and treatment room) should be smooth, without defects, easily accessible for wet cleaning and resistant to cleaning and disinfection. The panels used must have a smooth surface.

The area of ​​the doctor's office is provided for at least 12, procedural - at least 12.

In medical premises, washbasins with hot and cold water supply, equipped with faucets, should be installed.

The rooms should have natural light.

Artificial lighting, light source, lamp type are accepted in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

It is necessary to provide a room and (or) a place for temporary isolation of sick students.

15. Paragraph one of clause 6.2. after the words "sports hall - 20 - 22 ° C" add the words "showers - 24 - 25 ° C, sanitary facilities and personal hygiene rooms should be 19 - 21 ° C".

16. In the second paragraph of clause 8.1. delete the words "in newly constructed and reconstructed".

17. Clause 8.5. to read as follows:

“In non-sewered areas, buildings of a general educational organization are equipped with internal sewerage with a cesspool or septic tank or local treatment facilities. During the construction of educational institutions in non-sewered areas, outdoor toilets are not allowed.

18. In paragraph 10.1. Paragraph two shall be amended as follows:

“The number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

If there are necessary conditions and means for training, it is possible to divide classes into groups according to subjects.

19. Clause 10.5. put in the editorial:

“The main educational program is implemented through the organization of classroom and extracurricular activities. The total amount of workload and the maximum amount of classroom workload for students should not exceed the requirements established in Table 3.

Table 3

Hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students

Classes	Maximum allowable classroom weekly workload (in academic hours)*		The maximum allowable weekly load of extracurricular activities (in academic hours)**
	at 6 days a week, no more	at 5 days a week, no more	Regardless of the duration of the school week, no more
1	-	21	10
2 - 4	26	23	10
5	32	29	10
6	33	30	10
7	35	32	10
8 - 9	36	33	10
10 - 11	37	34	10
Note: * The maximum allowable classroom weekly load includes the mandatory part of the curriculum and the part of the curriculum formed by the participants in educational relations. ** Hours of extracurricular activities can be implemented both during the school week and during the holidays, on weekends and non-working holidays. Extracurricular activities are organized on a voluntary basis in accordance with the choice of participants in educational relations.

The hours allotted for extracurricular activities are used for socially useful practices, research activities, implementation of educational projects, excursions, hikes, competitions, visits to theaters, museums and other events.

It is allowed to redistribute the hours of extracurricular activities by years of study within the same level of general education, as well as their summation during the academic year.

20. In the first paragraph of clause 10.6, the words "maximum allowable load" shall be replaced by the words "maximum allowable classroom weekly load".

21. In the second paragraph of clause 10.6. exclude the words: "and once a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson."

22. In the third paragraph of clause 10.6. delete the words: “and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week”.

23. Clause 10.6. add paragraphs seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven with the following content:

“The total amount of load during the day should not exceed:

For students of the 1st grade - 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and 6 lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 5 - 7 - no more than 7 lessons;

For students in grades 8 - 11 - no more than 8 lessons.

24. Paragraph three of clause 10.8. supplement with the following sentence: "It is allowed to conduct double physical education lessons (skiing lessons, swimming lessons)".

25. Clause 10.10. put in the editorial:

“Training in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;

The use of a “stepped” learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons per day for 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons per day for 40 minutes each).

Training is carried out without scoring students' classes and homework;

Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study. It is possible to organize additional vacations regardless of the quarters (trimesters).

In a general educational organization, supervision and care can be carried out in extended day groups when conditions are created that include the organization:

Snack and walks for all students;

Snacks, walks and afternoon naps for first year kids.

26. The title of the fourth column of Table 5 of clause 10.18 shall be stated as follows:

"Viewing Dynamic Images on Reflected Glow Screens".

27. Clause 10.18. add the fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs as follows:

“The duration of continuous use of a computer with a liquid crystal monitor in the classroom is: for students in grades 1-2 - no more than 20 minutes, for students in grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for students in grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for students in grades 7 - 11 - 35 minutes.

The continuous duration of the work of students directly with the interactive whiteboard in the lessons in grades 1-4 should not exceed 5 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10 minutes. The total duration of using the interactive whiteboard in classes in grades 1 - 2 is no more than 25 minutes, in grades 3 - 4 and older - no more than 30 minutes, subject to a hygienically rational organization of the lesson (optimal change of activities, lesson density 60 - 80%, physical education minutes, ophthalmotraining).

In order to prevent fatigue of students, it is not allowed to use more than two types of electronic teaching aids in one lesson.

28. Clause 10.20. to read as follows:

“In order to meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons (in class and out of class) per week, provided for in the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical culture lessons with other subjects.

29. Clause 11.9 shall be stated as follows:

“Officers and employees of general educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment, and then at least once every 2 years.”

_____________________________

* SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general education institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education" (approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated July 23, 2008 No. 45, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 7, 2008, registration number 12085).

Document overview

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions have been adjusted (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).

It has been established that on the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.

It is fixed that in the design and construction of several buildings of a general educational organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed only in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.

Benches should now be provided for dressing rooms.

The requirements for small-scale general educational organizations have been established.

Prior to the changes, it was stipulated that the class size, with the exception of compensatory education classes, should not exceed 25 people.

Now the number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

The hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students have been revised.

It is fixed that for first-graders the total amount of load during the day should not exceed 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for 5-7 classes - 7 lessons, for 8-11 classes - 8 lessons.

The amendments allow for dual physical education lessons (skiing, swimming in the pool).

The duration of continuous use of a computer with an LCD monitor in the classroom has been determined. For grades 1-2, this is no more than 20 minutes, for grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for grades 7-11 - 35 minutes.

It has been established that officials and employees of educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment and then at least once every 2 years.

Important

Adults often complain about the lack of time and recall their carefree childhood with nostalgia. In fact, for modern schoolchildren, it is hardly cloudless. So, experts note that one of the main causes of schoolchildren's health problems is the so-called time limit stress. Over the past 50 years, the school load has more than doubled.

Accordingly, the amount of homework has also increased. In addition to this, many schoolchildren attend sports clubs, a music or art school, various clubs and electives. As a result, in order to be in time for everything, they are forced to constantly rush, they have practically no time left that they could devote to rest or their non-study interests.

Another problem is the psychological pressure on schoolchildren from teachers and parents. Often the cause of stress is excessive demands regarding grades, sports achievements, success in a music school ...

The results of this are disappointing. According to studies by physiologists, 40% of primary school students have signs of hidden or overt neuroses. Among adolescents, this figure reaches 70%. And the more “strong” the school, the more intensive its curriculum, the higher the percentage.

So, for schoolchildren studying in schools with in-depth study of one or more subjects, by the end of the school week, quarter and year, their working capacity is significantly deteriorating.

By the way

A serious risk factor for overvoltage is the low physical activity of modern children. Today, the child is increasingly spending leisure time not on a walk, but in front of a TV or computer screen. According to the estimates of physiologists and pediatricians, in primary and secondary school, the deficit in activity in children reaches 30-40%, in high school students - 80%.

The lack of movement has a bad effect not only on the physical, but also on the psychological state, because running, jumping, playing outdoor games, just walking in the fresh air, the child relieves internal stress.

Note to mom

There are signs that indicate that the child is overworked and experiencing chronic overexertion.

• He is not focused. Sitting down for homework, he cannot concentrate on it for a long time, and teachers complain that he does not listen well in class, spins around.
• In the evening, the child cannot fall asleep for a long time, although he may go to bed later than expected. During the day, on the contrary, feels sleepy.
• The child has a poor appetite, he is losing weight. So, in Moscow, according to statistics, up to 60% of first-graders lose weight by the end of the first quarter, although they grow and should, on the contrary, add kilograms.
• The younger student becomes agitated, and the teenager is irritable and rude, he has frequent mood swings.
• The child has a headache and periodically rises blood pressure. Girls are especially prone to pressure surges against the background of intellectual overload.

If any of these symptoms do not disappear within 1.5-2 weeks, you should consult a doctor. He can prescribe drugs that help the body recover in a timely manner against the background of stress, as well as increase mental performance. A visit to the doctor is also necessary, because some of the manifestations of fatigue are very similar to the symptoms of a number of somatic diseases, which are important to recognize in time.

SOS

Chronic overload often makes itself felt with colds, which the child “catches” one after another. The fact is that intellectual overwork reduces the adaptive capacity of the body, including the immune system.

Against the background of educational stress, the number of chronic diseases is also growing. Among them, in the first place are diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs, in the second - cardiovascular disorders, in the third - pathologies of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. According to statistics, during the training period, the number of children with chronic diseases doubles.

Memo to parents

Mom and dad of a student can have little influence on how lessons are conducted at school, how many of them are in the schedule, how strictly the teacher asks. However, it is in their power to ensure that the child avoids overload at home and in their free time from school.

• Make sure that the child does not spend a lot of time at the computer, if this is not required by the educational process. In adolescence, he should not sit at the monitor for more than an hour and a half. Children under 8 years old are allowed to stay at the computer for about 40 minutes, children under 7 years old - no more than 20 minutes a day. If you need to sit at the monitor doing a study task, it is important to take breaks for 10 minutes every half hour.
• Help your son or daughter find activities they enjoy. Often a child is “loaded” with classes at a music or art school, and he is afraid to admit that he does not like them. Talk to your child, find out what he is really interested in and encourage his creative aspirations. If a person is truly passionate about something, the load is easier to bear, and there are fewer stressful situations. But in any case, it is desirable that additional classes end no later than at 19.00, otherwise there will be no time for rest at all.
• Make sure that the child observes the daily routine: wake up, eat, go to bed at the same time. Sleep should be at least 8-9 hours a day.
• Always try to support your child. Reward his successes and do not punish him for failures.
• Try to get the child to move more. If he is not athletic enough and does not work out in the section, get out with him on picnics, on hikes, on excursions. Physical activity, change of activity and new experiences will have a beneficial effect on his nervous system.
• Pay attention to your child's nutrition. Its menu should contain enough complete protein (we get it from lean meat, fish, cottage cheese), complex carbohydrates (found in cereals, whole grain bread), as well as vitamins (we draw from vegetables, fruits, berries). Also, for good brain function, fatty acids are needed, which are part of fatty fish, unrefined vegetable oil, and nuts.

To make the child less tired when preparing homework, you need to take note of a few rules.

• It is desirable to sit down for homework at 15.00-16.00. At this time, there is a natural physiological rise in working capacity.
• Before you start work, it is advisable to make a plan, prepare in advance everything you need: textbooks, notebooks, stationery.
• It is better to start with the subject, the preparation of the task for which requires the most effort. It is also useful to alternate tasks in the exact and humanities.
• There should be no distractions near the table where the child does homework: toys, the TV turned on, computer games.
• After 40-50 minutes of study, you need to take a break for 10 minutes. At this time, you can drink water, stretch, do a physical exercise or do exercises for the eyes.
• In grades 2-3, a child should not devote more than 1.5 hours to preparing lessons, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in grades 6-8 - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - 3.5 hours.

Preparations

Remember, self-medication is life-threatening, consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

Pre-school Classes 20,5 Classes, electives, elective courses (in the senior classes, profiling subjects applied courses) 1,5 - Individual and group consultations, activities of an active-motor nature -

The training week can be 5-day and 6-day. The five-day week is more tiring, as the curriculum is planned for a shorter period than with the 6-day week. In addition, in order to prevent an increase in the number of lessons, as a rule, hours for physical education and aesthetic education are reduced, which, without providing proper rest between lessons with difficult subjects, sharply increases the burden on children. A two-day break between academic weeks also leads to a violation of the dynamic stereotype in children and a significant lengthening of the period of working out at the beginning of the next week. In this regard, in general educational organizations with in-depth study of individual subjects, the introduction of a 5-day week is not allowed. Its use in elementary school is also undesirable.

Classes in schools should begin no earlier than 8 am, and when teaching 6-year-old children - no earlier than 9 am. An earlier start, not corresponding to the biorhythmological optimum of the body, hinders the effective learning process and quickly leads to the development of fatigue. In general education organizations that work in several shifts, students in elementary school, fifth, graduation and advanced classes must study in the first shift.

The optimal lesson length in schools for middle and high school students is 45 minutes. For first-graders, such a duration is tiring due to excessive static load in the seat. In addition, the ability for active attention is maintained only for 30-35 minutes, after which the performance decreases sharply. In this regard, in the first grades, a "stepped" mode of training sessions with a gradual increase in the teaching load should be used. Three 35-minute lessons are planned for September; from the second quarter - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; from the second half of the year lessons - 45 minutes each. Paired lessons are not allowed, with the exception of labor training lessons. For first grade students, additional weekly holidays are established throughout the year.

The number of lessons for both 5-day and 6-day weeks should not exceed five lessons per day in elementary school and six- in primary school. When compiling the school schedule, the dynamics of students' working capacity should be taken into account during school day and week. The days with the lowest performance are Monday and Friday: on Monday, only working out in educational activities takes place, and on Friday, the fatigue that appeared on the previous days of the week becomes most pronounced. On Saturday, there is usually a certain rise in working capacity (“the final impulse”), due to positive emotions due to the anticipation of the upcoming holiday. The most efficient are Tuesday and Wednesday, on Thursday the first signs of fatigue appear. Highly productive days should be loaded more than the rest, difficult and tedious subjects, while on Monday and Friday it is advisable to study less difficult disciplines. It is not recommended to carry out control work these days, as well as to give an excessively complex and large amount of material. The difficulty of subjects is determined by special scales (scales of Agarkov V.I., 1986 and Sivkov I.G., 1975, tables 9.9., 9.10.), in points. Usually, the most difficult subjects for senior classes include mathematics, languages, physics, chemistry, for junior classes - mathematics, languages, natural history, literature. However, it is shown that subjects that students are just beginning to study have a no less pronounced tiring effect. For example, in elementary school it is reading, history, natural history, in middle classes - computer science, geography and history, in high school - literature, geography, profile disciplines.

Table 9.9 Scale of difficulty of subjects for younger students (Agarkov V.I., 1986)		Table 9.10 Scale of difficulty of subjects for older students (Sivkov I.G., 1975)
Subject	score		Subject	score
Maths			Mathematics, Russian language (national school)
Russian (national) language			Foreign language
natural history			Physics chemistry
Russian (national) literature			Story
Story			Natural science, geography
Drawing and music			Physical Culture
Work			Work
Physical Culture			Drawing
			Drawing
			Singing

If you graphically display the sum of points for subjects on each day of the week, then with a correctly constructed schedule, two rises are distinguished in the curve - on Wednesday and Friday, or one rise - on Wednesday or Thursday (Fig. 9.2).

Irrational is considered a schedule in which the load is evenly distributed over the days of the week, or prevails on Monday and Saturday.

Fatigue prevention must be achieved not only through the rational distribution of the load and difficult objects during the week, but also on every day of the week. The most difficult subjects should be given during a period of consistently high performance - in the second or third lesson, subjects of medium difficulty or subjects that load the second signal system (Russian language, literature, geography, etc.) - at the beginning of the school day. Physical education, labor, singing, drawing are recommended to be carried out at 3-4 o'clock, when the first signs of fatigue appear. Realization of the need for motor activity, as well as switching from mental to physical activity, contribute to the active recreation of schoolchildren in these classes. Double lessons and a combination of two or three difficult subjects in a row have a negative effect on the working capacity of students.

Conducting double lessons in elementary school is prohibited. For students in grades 5-9, dual lessons are allowed during laboratory, test work, labor lessons, physical education for the intended purpose (skiing, swimming). Double lessons in basic and specialized subjects for students in grades 5-9 are allowed provided that they are carried out after a physical education lesson or a dynamic pause of at least 30 minutes. In grades 10-11, double lessons are allowed in basic and specialized subjects.

The lesson, as well as the training week and the day of the week, should be built in accordance with the performance curve: the maximum load is given by the middle of the lesson, reducing it by the end of the lesson.

In order to increase efficiency, interest in the subject, better assimilation of new information, reduce the monotony of the lesson in the educational process, technical teaching aids (TUT) are quite actively used: video and movies, sound recordings, computer technologies. However, the lesson should not be loaded with TCO, as their use increases the load on the central nervous system, visual and auditory analyzers. In this regard, the number of lessons with the use of TCO during the week should not exceed 3-4 for students in the lower grades, 4-6 in the senior grades. In reading lessons, the use of sound technical means is permissible only as visual sound aids.

Computer technologies are allowed to be used in teaching from the second grade. The duration of work on the computer at writing lessons in the second grade should be no more than 20 minutes, in the third grade - no more than 26 minutes; in mathematics lessons in the second grade - no more than 15 minutes, in the third - no more than 20 minutes.

An obligatory component in the structure of the school day is change, allowing you to relieve stress and prevent fatigue by active recreation. Changes should be after each lesson. Their duration should be at least 10 minutes, and a big break, usually arranged after 2 lessons, should be 30 minutes. It is also possible to have two 20-minute big breaks instead of one 30-minute one. The most effective impact on the student's body is made by changes carried out in the fresh air in outdoor games.

In the daily routine of schoolchildren, unlike preschoolers, a new component appears - homework, the duration of which increases from 1-2 hours in the lower grades to 4 hours or more in the older ones. The large volume and complexity of the material assigned for study on their own, the inability to rationally organize work, difficulties in understanding the topic lead to a significant increase in the time spent on doing homework due to a sharp reduction in the time spent by children in the fresh air, and, as a result, to a decrease in active motor activity and body resistance. To prevent the negative manifestations of excessive workload by homework, it is necessary to observe their permissible duration (Table 9.7), as well as to develop a certain stereotype of performance. You can not start classes immediately after school and meals. 1.5-2 hours before class should be used first for outdoor games, and then, at the end of the rest, for calm walks in the fresh air. It is advisable to start preparing lessons at the same time and take short breaks every 40-45 minutes. If the performance of classes requires 2-3 or more hours, a longer break with fresh air is optimal.

Staying in the fresh air is one of the necessary components of the daily routine of schoolchildren, the role of which is due to its powerful health-improving, developing and hardening effect. Its duration should be at least 3-3.5 hours for younger students and 2-2.5 hours for older students.

A beneficial effect on the body has a rest of your own choice in your free time. Extracurricular activities are diverse: participation in circles, music lessons, modeling, choreography, sports, reading books, watching TV, playing on the computer, attending concerts, socially useful work, helping at home, etc. This form of recreation, in which there is no element of coercion, positive emotions are formed, a feeling of satisfaction from the work done, self-confidence arises, the abilities of children develop, etc. However, classes of their own choice cannot be unlimited in time and in terms of the degree of load, exceeding the permissible , as a rule, leads to the development of severe fatigue and often serious pathology. This is especially true of spending many hours in front of the TV and the global hobby for the computer, which is acquiring the features of computer mania.

Self-selected activities should not be realized at the cost of reduced active rest and sleep. The duration of night sleep for younger students should be at least 10 hours, for middle school students - at least 9 hours, and for high school students - 8-8.5 hours. At the same time, 6-year-old schoolchildren are required to have 1-hour daytime sleep. Daytime sleep is also recommended for 7-year-old children, as well as for students of various ages during periods of increased learning loads.

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The regional department of the department posted information on the distribution of the teaching load in secondary schools on its website.

Since the beginning of the school year, the department has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the workload of students in schools, the report says. Hygienic requirements for the educational process in schools are regulated by the document "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions."

The number of hours allotted for classroom and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the maximum weekly load.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, teaching of the first, fifth, final ninth and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should also be organized in the first shift.

The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

- for first grade students - no more than four lessons and one day a week - no more than five lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

- for pupils of the second-fourth grades - no more than five lessons and six lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson during a six-day school week;

- for students of the fifth-sixth grades - no more than six lessons;

- for students of the seventh-eleventh grades - no more than seven lessons.

Scientific research has established that the optimal level of mental performance in children of school age falls on the interval of 10:00 - 12:00. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for first-grade students, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the second lesson; second-fourth grades - at the second-third lessons; for students of the fifth-eleventh grades - in the second-fourth lessons.

The mental performance of schoolchildren is not the same on different days of the week. The level of efficiency increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning of the school week, on Monday, and at the end, that is, on Friday. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday or Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the first class. The training of "first-graders" should be carried out in compliance with additional requirements:

- training sessions are held on a five-day school week and only on the first shift;

- a "stepped" training mode is used: in September, October - three lessons a day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - four lessons for 35 minutes each; in January-May - four lessons of 45 minutes each;

- training is carried out without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;

- additional weekly holidays are introduced in the middle of the third quarter under the traditional mode of study.

The duration of the breaks between lessons should be at least ten minutes; to organize the nutrition of children after the second and third lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are established.

To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, it is recommended to conduct at least three physical education lessons per week. Physical education is recommended to be placed among the last lessons. After them, there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.

The department clarifies that in case of violation of these requirements in schools, you can apply in writing to the Rospotrebnadzor department for the Tomsk region: the institution will be checked for compliance with its activities with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.