He was, first of all, a reasonable autocrat. Princes and Sovereigns - Ivan III

№ 21 . From the work of historian N.M. Karamzin “...Ivan III is one of the very few sovereigns elected by providence to decide the fate of peoples for a long time: he is a hero not only of Russian, but also of world history... John appeared on the political theater at a time when the new state system, together with the new power of sovereigns arose in the whole of Europe. Russia has been outside the circle of European political activity for about three centuries... Although nothing is done suddenly; although the commendable efforts of the princes of Moscow, from Kalita to Vasily the Dark, prepared a lot for autocracy and our internal power, but Russia under John III seemed to emerge from the darkness of the shadows... John, born and raised as a tributary of the steppe Horde... became one of the most famous sovereigns in Europe; without teaching, without instructions, guided only by the natural mind... restoring the freedom and integrity of Russia by force and cunning, destroying the kingdom of Batu, oppressing... Lithuania, crushing the freedom of Novgorod, seizing inheritances, expanding the possessions of Moscow... What did Alexander leave to the world Macedonian? - Glory. John left a state amazing in space, strong in peoples, and even stronger in the spirit of government. Russia Olegov, Vladimirov, Yaroslavov perished in the Mongol invasion. Today's Russia was formed by John."

Indicate the chronological framework of the reign of Ivan III. Why was Russia outside the circle of European political activity for about three centuries? 2. What two most important processes in the history of Russian statehood did the reign of Ivan III coincide with? 3. What events did the historian have in mind when speaking about the crushing of the “freedom of Novgorod” and the death of the “Kingdom of Batu”? Name at least two events

. № 22 . From a collective monograph of modern historians “He was, first of all, a “reasonable autocrat,” as the greatest Russian poet defined him. It was not romantic inspiration, but sober calculation, not heartfelt desires, but the work of the mind that guided him in the main task of his life - the revival of the unity and independence of the Russian land... He did not strike the imagination of his contemporaries either with personal military valor, like his famous great-grandfather, or with bloody theatrical effects, like the infamous grandson. His political goal and at the same time his support was the Russian land and its people. He was the first to recognize this land not as a collection of princely appanages, but as a single great state, bound by an ancestral historical tradition. The developing consciousness of the historical unity and sovereignty of the Russian land, increasingly clear and precise, runs like a red thread through his entire independent political life and fundamentally distinguishes him from all his predecessors... History knows not many figures who have achieved such lasting and large-scale successes, having such an impact on the fate of your country. The renewed, revived great Russian state is the main result of the many years of great reign of the first sovereign of all Rus'.”

Which sovereign of medieval Rus' is being discussed in the text? How long did this sovereign reign? 2. Name at least three lands that were annexed to the territory of the Moscow State during the reign of the Grand Duke of All Rus'. 3. What did the historian mean when he spoke about the lasting and large-scale successes of the first sovereign of all Rus'? Specify at least three provisions.

№ 23. From “The Tale of the Standing on the Ugra” “...The Great Prince went from Kolomna to Moscow to the churches of the Savior and the Most Pure Mother of God and to the holy wonderworkers, asking for help and protection of Orthodox Christianity, wanting to discuss and think about this with his father, Metropolitan Gerontius, and with his mother Grand Duchess Martha, and with his uncle Mikhail Andreevich, and with his spiritual father, Archbishop Vassian of Rostov, and with his boyars - for all of them were then under siege in Moscow. And they prayed to him with a great prayer that he would stand firmly for Orthodox Christianity... The Great Prince listened to their prayer: he took the blessing, went to the Ugra and, having arrived, stood near Kremenets with a small number of people, and released all the other people to the Ugra.. Khan Akhmat with all the Tatars walked through the Lithuanian land past Mtsensk, Lyubutsk and Odoev and, having arrived, stood at Vorotynsk, expecting that the king would come to his aid. The king did not come to him and did not send his forces... Akhmat came to the Ugra with all his strength, although he could cross the river... And the Tatars came and began to shoot, and ours - at them, some attacked the troops of Prince Andrei, others many attacked the Grand Duke, and others suddenly attacked the governor. Ours hit many with arrows and arquebuses, and their arrows fell between ours and did not hit anyone. And they drove them away from the shore. And they advanced for many days, fighting, and did not prevail, they waited until the river stopped... When the river stopped, then the great prince ordered his son, the great prince, and his brother Prince Andrei, and all the governors with all their strength to go over to him to Kremenets, fearing the advance of the Tatars, in order to unite and enter into battle with the enemy... This is where the miracle of the Most Pure One happened: some fled from others, and no one pursued anyone. Khan fled to the Horde, and the Nogai king Ivak came against him, and took the Horde, and killed him... And so God delivered the Most Pure Russian Land...” 1. Name the year to which the described events relate, and the name of the great the prince with whom they are associated. 2. What is the significance of the events described in Russian history? What process in the development of the state are they associated with? Name this process. 3. How does the author of the story feel about the events he talks about? Who does he support? Give two arguments to justify your opinion

№ 24. From the address of the German envoy S. Herberstein to the Moscow court “...The power that he exercises over his subjects easily surpasses all monarchs in the whole world. And he also completed what his father [Grand Duke Ivan III] began, namely, he took away all their cities and fortifications from all the princes and other rulers. In any case, he does not even entrust fortresses to his own brothers, not trusting them either. ...He oppresses everyone equally with cruel slavery, so that if he orders someone to be at his court or to go to war, or to rule over some embassy, he is forced to do all this at his own expense... He uses his power to the clergy as well as to the laity, disposing freely and at will of the lives and property of all; Of the advisers he has, not one is of such importance as to dare to disagree with him or resist him in any matter. They openly declare that the will of the sovereign is the will of God and whatever the sovereign does, he does according to the will of God... Likewise, if someone asks about some matter that is untrue and doubtful, then in general they usually receive the answer: “About God and the great sovereign know that."

Which ruler is the text talking about? What historical process was started by his father and completed by him? Reveal its essence with reference to the text. 2. Based on your knowledge of the course of Russian history, give examples of the annexation of lands to Moscow under this ruler. Indicate the names of at least two lands and the dates of their annexation. 3. What is the nature of the relationship between the church and secular power in the Moscow state, according to the author? Explain your answer with a reference from the text. Based on your knowledge of the course, indicate two movements in the Orthodox Church that emerged at the end of the 15th-16th centuries. The position of which church movement is described by the author of the text?

№ 25 . From the work of the French historian Anr and Troyat “... The Tsar... removes from power the Glinskys, against whom the people are opposed... He decides to replace them with a council of representatives of “state men” and the clergy, known for their wisdom, balance and devotion . Among them are Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow, who recovered from what happened to him, Sylvester, Alexey Adashev, Prince Andrei Kurbsky... The main roles are played here by two - Metropolitan Macarius, the most enlightened person in Rus', and Archpriest Silvester, who dares to speak with the Tsar as with a simple sinner. This priest of low birth has such an influence on the sovereign, threatening him with heavenly punishment, that he is soon entrusted with the management of church and civil affairs. Everything goes through him, and everyone must rely on his competence. With him, Alexey Adashev appears - a young boyar, an excellent military man, with an interesting appearance and a sharp mind. Recently he was just a bed boy. Now, by the will of the king and the blessing of Macarius and Sylvester, he becomes an adviser and confidant of the king. Chroniclers call him an "angel" and praise him for his purity of intentions and sensitivity; “Having a gentle, pure soul, good morals, a pleasant, thorough mind and a selfless love for good, he sought John’s mercy not for his own personal benefits, but for the benefit of the Fatherland.”

1. Indicate the name of the government body referred to in the source. Who was the head of state at this time? Name the chronological framework of his reign. 2. Name at least three main reforms of this governing body. In what years were they carried out? 3. Which historical figures (indicate at least three names) were included in the specified management body? Give at least three personal qualities that were the basis for their election to high positions.

№ 30 . From the work of historian V.O. Klyuchevsky about “...The soil for it was the painful mood of the people... brought by the people from the reign of Ivan the Terrible and strengthened by the rule of Boris Godunov. The reason for the Troubles was given by the suppression of the dynasty, followed by attempts to restore it in the person of impostors. Indigenous Topic No. 4. Russia at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. 33 reasons for the Troubles must be recognized as the people's view of the attitude of the old dynasty towards the Moscow state, which prevented them from getting used to the idea of an elected tsar, and then the very structure of the state with its heavy tax basis... Other circumstances also contributed to the Troubles: the mode of action of the rulers who became the head states after Tsar Feodor, the constitutional aspirations of the boyars, which ran counter to the character of the Moscow supreme power and the people's view of it, boyar disgraces, famine, pestilence, regional strife, Cossack interventions... The end of the Troubles was put by the accession to the throne of the tsar, who became the founder of a new dynasty: this was the first immediate consequence of the Troubles.” 1. In what year did the Rurik dynasty end? Who was the last king in Russia from this dynasty? 2. To what year and why is the end of the Time of Troubles dated? How were foreign policy issues with Poland and Sweden resolved? 3. What were the socio-economic and foreign policy consequences of the Time of Troubles for Russia? Specify at least three consequences.

36 . From Kozma Minin’s speech to the people of Nizhny Novgorod “Men, brothers, you see and feel what great trouble the entire state is now in and what fear there is in the future, that we can easily fall into eternal slavery of the Poles, Swedes or Tatars. Through which many have already lost not only their property, but also their lives, and in the future, especially all circumstances will lead to oppression and ruin. And the reason is 38 History. ¡O-U classes. Analysis of the historical source is nothing other than great envy and madness, at the beginning between the main state administrators there was anger and hatred, which, forgetting the fear of God, loyalty to the fatherland and their honor and glory of their ancestors, one persecuted the other, the enemies foreign sovereigns were called to help the fatherland, one Polish, the other Swedish. Others called various thieves, monks, serfs, Cossacks and all sorts of slackers kings and princes, just as they kiss the cross for sovereigns. Or maybe someone else wants to choose Tatar or Turkish for their own small and nasty benefit... Can anyone say: what can we do without money, troops, or a capable commander? But I will tell you my intention. My estate, everything that I have, I am ready to give up for the benefit without a trace, and moreover, having mortgaged my house, as well as my children, I am ready to give everything up for the benefit and service of the fatherland. And I’m ready to die with my whole family in extreme poverty rather than see the fatherland desecrated and in possession from enemies...”

1. When did K. Minin give this speech? What was the name of the historical stage described in the text of the source? 2. What measure did Minin propose to correct the situation in the state? What was proposed to be organized and for what purpose? 3. What does K. Minin see as the reasons for the weakening of statehood in Russia? What is this point of view related to? Specify at least three provisions.

№ 37 . From the diary of I. Budilo “It was easier for the Russians now, but they, seeing that Trubetskoy alone could not take the capital, held a congress in Nizhny Novgorod and elected Prince Dimitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky to lead this war. This matter was raised by all the Nizhny Novgorod townspeople, from among whom came one butcher - Kuzma Yuryevich, who promised to give money for military men, if only they would quickly go to get the capital with Trubetskoy. At first, this Kuzma himself gave up all his property and money, and then, when he was recruited to manage this matter, he began to collect money from the cities, without making concessions to anyone, and gave it to the army, which he gathered a lot of and led with Pozharsky to the capital. .. That same year, on August 30, Pozharsky approached Moscow and encamped near the White City from the German Gate to the river - to the Alekseevskaya Tower and took the entire White City from us... That same year, on September 25, Prince Pozharsky sent to a letter to chivalry urging them to surrender. The letter was as follows: “To Colonels Stravinsky and Budil, captains, all the knights, Germans, Cherkasy and Haiduks who are sitting in the fortress, Prince Dimitry Pozharsky beats his forehead. We know that you, sitting under siege, are suffering a terrible famine and great need, that you are expecting your death from day to day. Nikolai Strus and the traitors to the Moscow state, Fedka Andronov and Ivashko, Oleshko and his comrades, who are sitting with you under siege, are strengthening you in this and begging you. They are telling you this for the sake of their belly. Although Coward encourages you with the arrival of the hetman, but you see that he cannot help you out. You yourself know that last year Karl Khodkevich came with the entire field army; Sapieha was also with a large army, and they were sitting in Moscow, and with Zborovsky and with many other colonels; there were many Polish and Lithuanian troops then; never before had there been so many of your people, and, however, we, hoping for the mercy of God, were not afraid of the multitude of Polish and Lithuanian people, and now you yourself saw how the hetman came and with what dishonor and fear he left you, and then not all of our troops had arrived. Surrender to us prisoners: I declare to you, do not expect the hetman." 1. What year does this document refer to? What was the role of the people in the fight against foreign invaders? 2. Name at least three facts, events that reveal the behavior of the population specified period of time. 3. Using the text of the document, indicate how and in what situation the invaders found themselves in Moscow. Why? Give at least three provisions in total.

№ 38 . From the work of historian N.I. Kostomarov “On October 24, the Poles opened the Trinity Gate to Neglinnaya and first began to let out the boyars and nobles. Prince Mstislavsky, the eldest of the boyars who made up the council, walked ahead of everyone. It was a pity to look at them. They formed a crowd on the bridge: they did not dare to move further. The Cossacks raised both a military noise and a cry. “These are traitors! Traitors!” the Cossacks shouted. “They must all be killed, and their bellies divided among the army!” But the nobles and the children of the boyars were preparing to become breastfeeders for their fellow countrymen, who, not so much out of desire as involuntarily, had to serve the enemies. Already, a strong squabble began between the zemstvos and the Cossacks, almost to the point of a fight. The poor boyars all stood on the bridge and waited for their fate. But there was no fight. The Cossacks made noise, made noise and retreated... The next day, October 25, the Russians entered the Kremlin in triumph. The Zemstvo army gathered near the Church of St. John the Merciful, on the Arbat, and Trubetskoy’s army outside the Pokrovsky Gate. From these two ends came archimandrites, abbots, priests with crosses, icons and banners; The troops were moving behind them. Both processions of the cross converged in Kitay-Gorod on Lobnoye Mesto... The clergy entered the Kremlin, military force poured in after them, and a thanksgiving prayer for the deliverance of the reigning city was served in the Assumption Cathedral.” 1. When did the events described in the source occur? Who led the fight for the liberation of the “king city”? Please provide at least two last names. 2. Name at least three provisions of the source that demonstrate the situation of civil unity. 3. Based on the text and knowledge of history, give at least three reasons for the positive outcome of the struggle for the liberation of the “king city”.

№ 39 . From the “Interrogation speeches selected from Moscow natives” “On the 8th day of May, the Moscow Judgment Order, the young clerk Matvey Denisov... in the interrogation said: he came out from Moscow, to the Sovereign Kingdom and the name of the Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus'. .. with this: the son of the boyar Muscovite Savva Tarakanov came to him, in Prikaz, on the fourth day, and said: that the boyars, and nobles, and boyar children, and merchant people, were in a conspiracy with Ivan Fedorovich Kolychev, and wanted To kill Shuisky on Palm Sunday, and then it didn’t happen; of their thoughts, only Ivan was tortured and did not speak to any of them, therefore one was executed; but he didn’t order anyone to be executed: and they are plotting with their old conspiracy and want to kill him on Ascension Day with a self-propelled gun; and on Nikolina’s day there will be some kind of jam, he doesn’t know. And the boyar children and all sorts of black people come to Shuisky, screaming and yelling, and they say: how long can they wait? Bread is expensive, but there are no trades, and you can’t get anything anywhere, and there’s nothing to buy for. And he asks them for a period of time until Nikolin’s day, and it begins with Skopin, as if Skopin is coming to him with German people, and the German is with him seven thousand. The king allegedly gave four thousand, and also hired three thousand; and as soon as he approaches Moscow with force, De Shuisky will meet him with his strength and come to large camps. But there is news about Skopin in Moscow, that he came from Novgorod... And about Sheremetyev they say that... from Vladimir they are waiting for [him] to go to Moscow; but they say that with him... the entire lower-ranking force is coming, and they are waiting on the dry ground until the water drains and the horse feed is ready. And behold, the Crimean Tsar is coming to Ukraine, but he has already left the land; and the news about this came to Moscow in about two weeks, a messenger drove from the Polish cities, and whoever’s name doesn’t know; but he heard about it not in the Discharge, in the world...” 1. What impostor appeared during the period discussed in the source? Using your knowledge of history, name at least two other events that took place in the country at the same time. 2. Using the text of the document and knowledge of the history course, indicate at least three reasons for the beginning of the historical period, which is illustrated by the given document. 3. Give at least three results of the historical period in question.

Answers

№ 21 1. It may be indicated that: 1) the period of the reign of Ivan III: 1462-1505; 2) due to the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. Rus' became dependent on the Golden Horde and found itself “outside the circle of European political activity.” 2. Two processes can be indicated: 1) the formation of a “new state system”; 2) “restoration of the freedom and integrity of Russia.” 3. It may be indicated: 1) the battle on the Sheloni River between Novgorod and Moscow troops in 1471; 2) entry of Novgorod into the Moscow state in 1478; 3) Standing on the Ugra River (1480), which meant the end of Rus'’s dependence on the Horde. No. 22 1 . It may be indicated that: 1) we are talking about Ivan III Vasilyevich; 2) years of reign of Ivan III: 1462-1505. (second half of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century). 2. The following territories can be indicated: 1) Yaroslavl Principality; 2) Rostov Principality; 3) Novgorod the Great; 4) Tver Principality. 3. The following successes can be listed: 1) the unification of Russian lands into a single Russian state; 2) liberation of Rus' from Horde dependence; 3) creation of a set of laws of a single state; 4) the main result: the creation of a renewed, revived great Russian power. No. 23 1 . It may be indicated that: 1) the date of the Standing on the Ugra is 1480; 2) the name of the Grand Duke of Moscow and All Rus' - Ivan III Vasilyevich. 2. It may be indicated that: 1) the significance of the Standing on the Ugra is the liberation of the Russian state from the yoke (the event with which the end of more than two hundred years of the Horde yoke is associated); 2) the process associated with the event - the unification of Russian lands around Moscow (the formation of a single Russian state). 3. It must be said that the author of the story sympathizes with the Grand Duke and the Russian soldiers and rejoices at their successes. 234 History. 10th grade. Analysis of a historical source The following arguments can be given: 1) the author writes that the arrows of the Horde did not cause any damage to the Russian soldiers, while the Russian arrows did not spare the soldiers of Khan Akhmat; 2) the author describes the events as the triumph of Orthodox Christianity; 3) the author calls what happened a miracle that God and the Most Pure One created. No. 24 1. It may be indicated that: 1) we are talking about Vasily III; 2) process: during the reign of his father, the unification of lands around Moscow was generally carried out, under Vasily the process of state unification was completed; 3) the essence of the process: he “took away from all the princes and other rulers all their cities and fortifications.” 2. The following examples can be given: 1) annexation of Pskov (1510). ); 2) annexation of Smolensk (1514); 3) annexation of Ryazan (1521). 3. It may be indicated that: 1) the nature of the relationship is secular power, the power of the sovereign prevails over the church, he leads the clergy as well as the laity; 2) two currents emerged in the church: money-grubbers (Josephites) and non-money-grubbers; 3) the position noted by the author (recognition of the power of the sovereign as God's providence) was represented by money-grubbers. No. 25 1. It may be indicated that: 1) the government body is the Elected Rada; 2) Tsar - Ivan IV the Terrible; 3) chronological framework of the reign: 1533-1584. (king since 1547). 2. It may be indicated that: 1) reforms - judicial (Code Code 1550), self-government reform, improvement of the order system, military (creation of the Streltsy army), taxation, church (Stoglav 1551); 2) reforms were carried out in the 1550s. 3. It may be indicated that: 1) figures of the Chosen Council: Metropolitan Macarius, Archpriest Sylvester, Alexei Adashev, Prince Andrei Kurbsky; 2) personal qualities: wisdom, balance, devotion, enlightenment, sharp mind, etc.

№30 1. It may be indicated that: 1 (the Rurik dynasty ended in 1598; 2) the last tsar was Fyodor Ioannovich. 2. The following provisions can be named: 1) the end of the Troubles was put by the accession of Mikhail Romanov in 1613 and the beginning of a new Romanov dynasty on the Russian throne; 2) foreign policy issues with Poland and Sweden were settled in the following way: - in 1617, peace was concluded with Sweden (Russia retained the Novgorod lands, but lost access to the Baltic Sea); - in 1618, the Deulin truce was concluded with Poland (Russia was losing the Smolensk, Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk lands). 3. The following socio-economic and foreign policy consequences of the Troubles can be named: 1) Russia managed to defend its independence; 2) Russia emerged from the Time of Troubles extremely exhausted, with large territorial and human losses; 3) to overcome the consequences of the Troubles and economic devastation, measures were taken to strengthen serfdom and autocracy.

№ 36 1. It may be indicated that: 1) date - 1611; 2) historical period - Time of Troubles. 2. It may be indicated that: 1) Minin proposed to give up the property; 2) it was proposed to organize an army (II militia) and appoint a talented one to the governor (Prince D. Pozharsky); 3) the goal is the liberation of the “fatherland from desecration” (Moscow from the Poles). 3. It may be stated that: 1) Kuzma Minin directly connects the reasons for the weakening of statehood in Russia with the treacherous policy of the rulers of the state, who turned to the Polish and Swedish kings to defeat their political opponents; 2) in 1609, Vasily Shuisky entered into an agreement with the Swedish king, received a 15,000-strong detachment to fight the Tushins (the army of False Dmitry II), for which he ceded the city of Korelu with the district; 3) in 1610, the “seven-numbered boyars” (Semiboyarshchina), led by Prince F. Msti Slavsky, overthrew Shuisky from the throne and offered the throne to the Polish prince Vladislav. No. 37 1. It may be indicated that: 1) the document dates back to 1612; 2) the decisive role in the fight against the interventionists was played by the Russian people, who launched a powerful national liberation movement in the country. 2. The following events can be indicated: 1) the creation of the First Militia led by P. Lyapunov and D. Trubetskoy; 2) the initiators of the creation of the Second Militia were residents of Nizhny Novgorod, who raised funds for its organization (the Second Militia was headed by K. Minin and D. Pozharsky); 3) letters were sent throughout the Russian land calling for a joint struggle; 4) heroic behavior (feats) of I. Susanin, Patriarch Hermogenes. 3. The following provisions can be cited: 1) the interventionists ended up in Moscow as a result of the betrayal of the boyars, who allowed the Poles into Moscow; 2) the position of the Poles in Moscow was hopeless; 3) the invaders experienced “terrible hunger and great need,” but they refused D. Pozharsky’s offer. Answer patterns 241 No. 38 1 . It may be indicated that: 1) the date is 1612; 2) leaders of the militia - K. Minin, D. Pozharsky, D. Trubetskoy. 2. The following provisions can be named: 1) general anger against the traitors - the boyars (Seven Boyars); 2) general rejoicing over the liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders; 3) the dominant role of the Orthodox Church is shown as a powerful foundation of national unity. 3. The following reasons can be given: 1) the unity of all classes in the face of the threat of loss of independence of the state; 2) the civil initiative of K. Minin and the military leadership of D. Pozharsky; 3) support of the Second Militia by many cities and lands

Preview:

Control test in 10th grade for the first half of the year

Option 1

Part A

C) the desire to unite the north and south of Rus' into one state;

2. The Baptism of Rus' refers to:

A) by the 8th century; b) 9th century; c) 10th century; d) 11th century.

3. Which of the following events occurred earlier than the others:

A) Svyatoslav’s campaign against Khazaria; B) Oleg’s campaign against Byzantium;

C) the adoption of Christianity in Rus'; D) the murder of Prince Igor by the Drevlyans.

4. Which of the following dates relate to the Mongol invasion of Rus':

A) 882-980; B) 980-1025; B) 1113-1125; D) 1237-1240.

5. The first mention in the chronicles of Moscow is associated with the name of the prince:

A) Ivan Kalita; b) Yaroslav the Wise; c) Yuri Dolgoruky; D) Dmitry Donskoy.

6. In the 12th-13th centuries, boyar republics existed in:

A) Kyiv and Novgorod; b) Vladimir and Kyiv; B) Moscow and Ryazan; d) Novgorod and Pskov.

7. The main rivals of the Moscow princes in the struggle for the label for the great reign in the 14th century were the rulers:

A) Tver Principality; b) Novgorod the Great; c) Ryazan Principality;

D) Pereyaslavl principality.

8. What was the name of the collection of tribute by the ancient Russian princes in the form of a tour of their subject lands:

A) elderly; b) polyudye; c) feeding; d) quitrent.

9. Who was the head of city government in medieval Novgorod:

A) mayor; b) fireman; c) thousand; d) clerk.

10. Which of the following happened during the reign of Ivan 3:

A) the annexation of Veliky Novgorod to Moscow; B) introduction of oprichnina;

B) battle on the Kalka River; D) Battle of Kulikovo.

11. Read an excerpt from the Laurentian Chronicle and indicate which battle is described in the chronicle:

“... The great prince stationed an army on Lake Peipus on Uzmen at the Raven Stone and, strengthened by the power of the godmother and preparing for battle, went against them. (The troops) converged on Lake Peipus, there were a large number of both of them...

...And the enemies fled and drove them with battle, as if through the air, and they had nowhere to run; and they drove them for 7 versts...and 500 Germans fell.”

A); Neva Battle; b) Battle on the Ice; c) Battle of Grunwald; d) The Battle of Cape Gangut.

12. Note the cause of the Livonian War:

A) Russia’s desire to access the Baltic Sea;

B) Russia’s desire to access the Black Sea;

c) the desire of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to place Prince Vladislav on the Russian throne;

D) discontent of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the annexation of the lands of the Zaporozhye Sich to Russia.

13. . The names of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin are associated with:

A) second militia; B) elections of Vasily Shuisky to the throne; B) revolt of slaves; D) "Seven Boyars".

14. In 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov to the throne. Please indicate what determined this choice:

A) Mikhail Romanov was a statesman;

B) “Misha de Romanov is young, not smart enough, and will be familiar to us”;

C) his candidacy was supported by the army;

D) he wanted to be a king.

15. Note the reason for the rise of Moscow in the 14th and 15th centuries:

D) the desire of the princes of the most powerful Russian principalities to stand arm in arm

Moscow.

Part B

Q1. Read an excerpt from the work of historian S.F. Platonov and name the impostor in question.
“...In the spring of 1606 V.I. Shuisky, together with Golitsyn, began to act much more carefully; they managed to win over the troops stationed near Moscow; on the night of May 16-17, a detachment of them was brought into Moscow, and there Shuisky already had enough sympathizers. However, the conspirators, knowing that not everyone in Moscow was irreconcilably opposed to the impostor, considered it necessary to deceive the people and started a revolt, allegedly for the Tsar, against the Poles who had offended him. But the matter was soon explained. The king was declared an impostor and killed on the morning of May 17. The “true prince,” whom they had so recently so touchingly greeted and whose salvation they so rejoiced at, became a “defrocked,” a “heretic,” and a “Polish whistler.”

Answer: _______________ .

AT 2. Establish a correspondence between the names of the princes and the events associated with their activities.

For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second and write down to the table selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

	PRINCE		EVENTS
	Vladimir Monomakh		defeat of the Polovtsians
	Vladimir Svyatoslavovich		unification of Kyiv and Novgorod
	Yaroslav the Wise		uprising of the Drevlyans
	Igor Stary		Baptism of Rus'
			adoption of "Russian Truth"

AT 3. Place the following events in chronological order. Write down the letters that indicate the events in the correct sequence in the table given in the text of the task, and then transfer them to the form.

A) standing on the Ugra River

B) Battle of Kulikovo

B) Battle on the Ice

D) Lyubech Congress

AT 4. Match the concepts and definitions

Write the results in the table

Part C

Read an excerpt from a modern bookhistorian complete task C1. Use information from the source as well as knowledge from the history course in your answers.

“He was, first of all, “a reasonable autocrat, as the greatest Russian poet defined him. It was not romantic inspiration, but sober calculation, not heartfelt desires, but the work of the mind that guided him in the main task of his life - the revival of the unity and independence of the Russian land... He did not capture the imagination of his contemporaries either with personal military valor, like his illustrious great-grandfather, or with bloody theatrical effects, like the infamous grandson. His political goal and at the same time his support was the Russian land and its people. He was the first to recognize this land not as a collection of princely appanages, but as a single great state, bound by an ancestral historical tradition.

The developing consciousness of the historical unity and sovereignty of the Russian land, increasingly clear and distinct, runs like a red thread through his entire independent political life and fundamentally distinguishes him from all his predecessors... History knows not many figures who have achieved such lasting and large-scale successes, so influencing the destinies of their countries. The renewed, revived great Russian state is the main result of the many years of great reign of the first sovereign of all Rus'.”

1. Which sovereign of medieval Rus' is being discussed in the text?

2. How long does the reign of the sovereign last?

3. What did the historian mean when he spoke about the lasting and large-scale successes of the first sovereign of all Rus'? (Please provide at least two provisions)

Answers Option 1

Part

Part B

False Dmitry

AT 5. Yaroslav the Wise

Part C

1. We are talking about Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich.

2. reign 1462-1505

3. Liberation of Rus' from Horde rule.

Creation of a set of laws of a single state.

The unification of Russian lands into a single Russian state.

Option 2

Part A

1. Which of the following was the reason for the calling of the Varangian princes:

A) strife between Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes;

B) the need to establish connections with Byzantium;

C) the desire to unite the north and south of Rus' into a single state;

D) the desire to receive economic and cultural assistance from the West.

2. According to chronicles, the uprising of the Drevlyans in 945 was caused by:

inter-tribal strife between the Drevlyans and the Vyatichi;

an attempt by Prince Igor to take tribute from the Drevlyans a second time;

the reluctance of the Drevlyans to accept Christianity;

the forced recruitment of the Drevlyans into the squad of Prince Svyatoslav.

3. Which of the following terms denotes one of the forms of dependence of Rus' on the Golden Horde:

A) number; b) vira; c) rope; d) elderly.

4. What was the name of the period limiting the transfer of peasants from one landowner to another:

A) St. George’s Day; b) vira; c) lesson summers; d) reserved years.

5. The Grand Duke of Vladimir at the end of the 13th - 14th centuries acquired the right to reign subject to:

A) consent of the Zemsky Sobor;

B) consent of the Boyar Duma;

C) transfer of this right from father to son;

D) receiving a label in the Horde.

6. . Read an excerpt from the chronicle and indicate which prince we are talking about.

“In 1480, news came to the Grand Duke that King Akhmat was definitely coming with his horde - with princes, lancers and princes, as well as with King Casimir in the general Duma; the king led the king against the Grand Duke, wanting to ruin the Christians...

The guides led the king to the Ugra River, to the fords. Then the Grand Duke sent his son, brother and all the governors with their forces to Ugra. Having arrived, they stood on the Ugra and occupied fords and carriages.”

A) Dmitry Donskoy; b) Ivan Kalita; c) Ivan 3; d) Ivan 4.

7. When the Battle of the Neva took place and Batu’s second campaign against Rus' took place:

A) 1237; b) 1240; c) 1242; d) 1265g.

8. Note the reason for the rise of Moscow in the 14th and 15th centuries:

A) the flexible policy of the princes towards the Horde;

B) weakening of other Russian principalities as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion;

C) the interest of the Horde khans in a strong political center in Rus';

D) the desire of the princes of the most powerful Russian principalities to stand under the arm of the Moscow prince.

9. One of the results of the foreign policy of the Russian state in the second half of the 16th century was:

a) annexation of Crimea to Russia;

B) annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates to Russia;

B) annexation of Left Bank Ukraine to Russia;

D) Russia's conquest of access to the Baltic Sea.

10. Prince Ivan Danilovich Kalita went down in history as:

b) the winner of the Mongol-Tatars;

d) “gatherer of Russian land.”

11. The Romanov dynasty established itself on the Russian throne as a result of:

A) palace coup;

B) elections at the Zemsky Sobor;

B) decisions of the Seven Boyars;

D) agreement between Vasily Shuisky and Poland.

12. Which of the following events occurred in the 13th century:

A) standing on the Ugra River; B) Battle of the Neva; B) the baptism of Rus';

D) Battle of Kulikovo.

13. What events in Russian history are the dates of 1497 and 1550 associated with?

A) adoption of Codes of Law;

b) reforms of the Chosen Rada;

B) oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible;

D) expansion of the territory of Moscow Rus'.

14. Which of the named rulers was the first to accept the title “Sovereign of All Rus'”:

A) Ivan 1 Kalita; b) Dmitry Donskoy; c) Ivan 3; d) Mikhail Romanov.

15. Which of the named princes carried out the baptism of Rus':

A) Yaroslav the Wise; b) Alexander Nevsky;

c) Vladimir Monomakh; D) Vladimir Svyatoslavovich.

Part B

IN 1. Read an excerpt from the work of a modern historian and write the nickname of the prince in question.

“[The prince] seems to us to be a subtle politician, the organizer of an empty land. It doesn’t matter what you mean by his nickname...: whether he is a generous giver of alms from a bag... or an ordinary miser who has collected monetary wealth in this bag, like a real hoarder for small things. For posterity, he remained a prince who loved the truth, who saved the population from Tatar robberies and pogroms.”

Answer: ________________ .

AT 2. Place the events of the early 17th century in chronological order.

A) the reign of Vasily Shuisky;

B) entry into Moscow of False Dmitry 1;

c) the election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne;

d) liberation of Moscow from interventionists.

AT 3.

Match the events with the years in which they occurred. First write down the letters corresponding to the selected elements in the table given in the text of the assignment, and then transfer them to the form.

	EVENTS		YEARS
	Battle of the Kalka River		1240
	destruction of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars		1223
	battle on the Vozha River		1382
	raid on Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh		1378
			1242

AT 4. Establish a correspondence between the names of works, collections and their content. For each element of the first column, select the corresponding element of the second.

Write your answers in the table.

AT 5. Read an excerpt from “The Tale of Bygone Years” and name the prince who said: “If someone does not come to the river tomorrow - be it rich or poor, or beggar, or slave - he will be my enemy.”

Answer: ______________________

Part C

“That year the squad said: “The youths of Sveneld are dressed in weapons and clothes, but we are naked.” And the prince listened to them - he went to the Drevlyans for tribute and added a new one to the previous tribute, and his men committed violence against them. Taking the tribute, he went to his city. When he walked back, after thinking, he said to his squad: “Go home with the tribute, and I will return and collect more.” And he sent his squad home, and he himself returned with a small part, wanting more wealth. The Drevlyans, hearing that he was coming again, held a council with their prince Mal: “If a wolf gets into the habit of the sheep, he will carry out the whole herd until they kill him; so is this one: if we don’t kill him, he will destroy us all.” And they sent to him, saying: “Why are you going again? I’ve already taken all the tribute.”

And the prince did not listen to them; and the Drevlyans, leaving the city of Iskorosten, killed (the prince) and his squad, since there were few of them.”

V5.Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (Red Sun)

Part C

The event took place in 945.
We are talking about Prince Igor
The prince's tour of the subject lands for the purpose of collecting tribute is called polyudye.

On March 27, 1462, one of the most remarkable statesmen in history, Prince Ivan III, nicknamed the Great by his contemporaries, began to rule Rus'.

Prince Ivan was born in Moscow in 1440. It was a turbulent time, a time of infighting. To the delight of the Horde and Lithuania, the Suzdalians, who had the same language and the same faith, fought with the Novgorodians, and the Tverians with the Ryazanians.

The young prince was destined to become a collector of Russian lands. During his reign, and as the chronicler points out, “the sovereign of all Russia was in the state of the Grand Duchess... for 43 years and 7 months, and all the years of his life were 65 and 9 months,” Ivan made the Russian state unified and independent and tripled its territory. It is surprising that in Moscow there is still not a single monument to this great man. With the exception, of course, of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, built by his son. But we are talking about a sculptural monument.

As you know, the 400th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty is widely celebrated in Russia at the moment. We wrote more about this. But these luxurious celebrations are dissonant with another, modest and quiet, but no less important date. Last year marked the 550th anniversary of the accession to the throne of Ivan III. Despite the fact that he is actually the founder of the state, it was he who made Moscow the capital, liberated the country from the Horde yoke, compiled the code of laws "Code Code", built the stone Kremlin, was the first to use the symbol of the double-headed eagle as a state seal, we remember quite little about him .

Why under the Romanovs the greatest state achievements of Ivan the Third were hushed up, historians know well, because unlike their pedigree, there is no doubt about the pedigree of Ivan Vasilyevich; his great grandfathers were Dmitry Donskoy and Vitovt Litovsky. There is no image of the first Russian Tsar even on the bell sculpture in Veliky Novgorod in honor of the millennium of Rus' 862 - 1862. But our descendants should at least know that, saving Moscow from another fire, Ivan the Great ordered nothing to be built near the Kremlin closer than 200 steps. The result is an area. Yes, she turned out to be so beautiful that people called her Red.

The Grand Duke was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Currently, there is talk about perpetuating the memory of Ivan Vasilyevich. For example, there is a proposal to open a monument to him in Zaryadye.

Moreover, in Zaryadye there is the Church of the Conception of the Righteous Anna, the first mention of which dates back to the time of Ivan the Great - 1493. The church has a chapel of St. Minas, and on the day of memory of this saint - November 24 according to the new style in 1480, the famous flight of Khan Akhmat from the Ugra River and the fall of the Horde yoke in Rus' took place. From this point of view, of course, a memorial to Ivan III the Great, the political creator of the victory on the Ugra, would look very appropriate next to the Conception Church.

Moscow sculptor Viktor Vorobyov planned to erect an original monument to Prince Ivan III of his work on the Lubyanka. The installation of this monument would explain a lot in the complex Russian history. For example, a composition depicting the arrival of the future wife of the Grand Duke Sophia Paleologus in Moscow. Marriage to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI gave the Russian state a new geopolitical status. Since then, Rus' was considered as the successor of Byzantium.

Three more figures in European clothes are Italian masters - builders of the Kremlin. Everyone holds in their hands a model of “their” building. Aristotle Fioravanti, for example, - Assumption Cathedral. The Novgorod bell symbolizes the annexation of Novgorod, the miners symbolize silver mining and the extraction of the first silver in Rus', a horse rider blowing a horn symbolizes the appearance of the first all-Russian post office, Afanasy Nikitin symbolizes the traveler who made the “walk across the three seas.”

The military history of the era of Ivan III in the sculptural presentation of Viktor Vorobyov is three horse knights - participants in the stand on the Ugra, Archbishop of Rostov Vassian Rylo, with an icon in his hands, blessing the soldiers, and another trinity of horsemen fighting on the western borders of the country. The figurine with the Code of Law in its hands stands apart. This is clerk Fyodor Kuritsyn - a freethinker, diplomat, and also the first Russian intelligence officer. He was engaged in secret writing and created his own ciphers. According to the sculptor's plan, Kuritsyn should face the famous building on Lubyanka. Emphasizing, so to speak, continuity.

But all these characters are just a frame for the monument itself. It stands on a pedestal made up of various elements of Kremlin architecture and decorated with the coats of arms of cities and principalities that became part of the Russian state under Ivan. The prince himself sits on the pacer.

The sculptor’s plans include casting a model of the equestrian statue at his own expense, as well as fighting for recognition of the monument by the authorities. The Moscow City Duma Commission on Monumental Art has already received a proposal to erect a monument to Ivan III.

On the anniversary of the prince’s accession to the throne, the exhibition “Grand Duke and Sovereign of All Rus' Ivan the Third” opens in the Patriarchal Palace, where you can learn a lot of interesting things about his personality and about the Russian Middle Ages in general.

“...became the Grand Duke according to his father’s will, which had never happened before. To be fair, let’s say that Khan Tokhtamysh ultimately approved the choice. Let us note that the khan changed his anger to mercy not of his own free will. Fearing the troops of the invincible Tamerlane approaching from Central Asia, he pleased his tributary: he gave him the Nizhny Novgorod principality and was not even angry when, emboldened... he asked for Murom and other cities in addition.

The new prince ruled Moscow carefully and prudently for 36 long years.
And these years became a period of strengthening the power of the Grand Duke of Moscow. Under him, the petty princes began to forget about their former will (as far as it was even possible under the khan’s heel) and gradually turned
in the grand ducal servants. Moscow minted its own coins and forced the church, previously exempt from tribute, to participate in paying for the Khan’s “exit.” Although...he was not, unlike his father, the conqueror of Mamai, a brave warrior, but he showed firmness in relations with Veliky Novgorod, taking over its northern possessions. Ryazan, which had long competed with Moscow under the brave Prince Oleg, now fell under the influence of Moscow.

Time... has left a noticeable mark on the history of Russian culture. It was under him that the cathedrals in the Kremlin were painted by the famous Theophanes the Greek, who arrived from Byzantium first to Veliky Novgorod (his frescoes there have survived to this day), and then moved to Moscow.”

In the second paragraph, find and write down a sentence that describes the situation, confirmation of which is given in the subsequent text. Provide at least two pieces of evidence for this situation.
Name the Moscow prince whose name is missing in the text. Name the father of this prince.

From the work of a historian.

“Alexander Mikhailovich Tverskoy became the Grand Duke of Vladimir. But one day a Horde detachment led by Cholkhan came to Tver. One Saturday day, unable to withstand the robberies and violence committed by the Horde, the Tverites killed all the Mongols in the city, including Cholkhan himself. In response, the Mongol army, with the support of Moscow regiments, suppressed the uprising and ravaged the Tver land. As a result, Tver lost its former greatness for a long time, and the Tver prince Alexander Mikhailovich not only lost his grand ducal title, but was also forced to flee his homeland first
to Pskov, and then to Lithuania. And Moscow’s position as a center for the unification of Russian lands, on the contrary, has strengthened.

Khan Uzbek, in gratitude for the suppression of the anti-Horde uprising
in Tver, handed over to the Moscow prince a label for the reign of Vladimir,
as well as the right to collect tribute from all Russian lands. Showing outward humility, the Moscow prince regularly paid tribute, which, given the khan’s trust in the Moscow prince, strengthened after the events in Tver, led to the absence of ruinous raids and ensured long-term peace in the Moscow principality. As V.O. wrote Klyuchevsky, “in these calm years, two whole generations of Russian people managed to be born and grow up, not feeling an unaccountable horror of the Mongols. Later they went to the Kulikovo field.”

From the work of a historian.

“The eastern direction of the Moscow state’s foreign policy was determined by the desire to free itself from Horde rule and make the southern and eastern regions of the country safer. After the Khan of the Great Horde, Akhmat, made a campaign against Rus' and was defeated under Aleksin, Rus' stopped paying tribute. After 8 years, having previously concluded an alliance agreement with Casimir IV of Poland
and Lithuanian, the Mongol army set out on a new campaign against Rus'.

On an autumn day, Horde troops approached a tributary of the Oka River. For more than a month, Russian and Mongolian troops stood on opposite banks. The Horde people counted on the help of their ally, the Grand Duke of Lithuania. However, Casimir did not come to the aid of the Horde, since the southern part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was raided by the Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey, an enemy of Akhmat, and therefore an ally of the Moscow prince. The troops of the Horde Khan made several attempts to cross the river, but all of them were repulsed by the Moscow army. The unusually early winter made the situation in which the army of the Horde khan found itself even more difficult: the snow covered the remains of the grass, and the horses of the Horde were left without food. Thus, the circumstances of the confrontation were extremely unfortunate for Akhmat; it was difficult for him to count on success. Khan lost his determination to engage in battle with the Moscow army and turned back. Thus ended the Horde rule that lasted 240 years.”

Name the Moscow prince mentioned in the text. Indicate the century to which the events described in the text relate.
Find in the passage and write down a sentence containing a position that is supported by the facts given in the text. Indicate at least two facts cited to support this position.

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On August 20, the Grand Duke set out from Kolomna and, having passed the borders of his principality, stood on the Oka, inquiring about the movements of the enemy<…>Seeing all his regiments assembled, the prince ordered to cross the Oka; on Sunday<…>On September 1, the army crossed, on Monday the Grand Duke himself crossed, and on September 6 they reached the Don. Then a letter arrived from the venerable abbot, a blessing from the holy elder to go ... [to the Horde]<…>At about twelve o'clock ... [the Horde] began to appear: they descended from the hill into a wide field; the Russians also came down from the hill, and the guard regiments began a battle that had never happened before in Rus': they say that blood flowed like water over a space of ten miles, horses could not walk on corpses, warriors died under horse hooves<…>».

Name the battle in question. Indicate the year it occurred. What was the result of this battle?

“Despite the treachery used by John to the death of a dangerous colleague, the Muscovites glorified his goodness and unanimously gave him the name of the Collector of the Russian Land and Sovereign Father: for this prince did not like to shed blood in useless wars, freed the great reign from external and internal robbers, restored own and personal safety... and was fair...

The silence of John's reign contributed to the enrichment of northern Russia. Novgorod, an ally of the Hansa, sent work from German factories to Moscow and other regions. The East, Greece, Italy sent us their goods. (...) The gracious letters of the Uzbeks, given to the Grand Duke, served as a shield for travelers and residents. New methods of exchange, new markets opened up in Russia: thus, in the Yaroslavl region (...) German, Greek, Italian, Persian merchants gathered, and the treasury collected a lot of duty silver during the summer months...”

Name the Moscow prince mentioned in the document. Indicate the period of time to which his reign in Moscow dates back to.
Why does the author call him “Gatherer of the Russian Land”? What results of his reign allowed the author to call this time “the silence of John’s reign”?

“Then the Grand Duke... and his brother, Prince Vladimir Andreevich, the regiments... [of the Horde] turned back and began to beat and flog mercilessly, bringing anguish to them. And their princes fell from their horses... Then they scattered...[the Horde] in confusion and ran along unbeaten roads..., gnashing their teeth and tearing their faces, saying: “We, brothers, will no longer be in our land, and we will no longer see our children... but We shouldn’t go to Rus' as an army and we shouldn’t ask the Russian princes for tribute.” The earth...[the Horde] has already groaned, filled with troubles and grief; Tsars and princes lost their desire to go to Russian land. Their joy has already faded. Fun and rejoicing already spread across the Russian land. The glory of the Russian blasphemy ... [of the Horde] has overcome. The Divs had already been thrown to the ground, and the thunder and glory of the Grand Duke and his brother, Prince Vladimir Andreevich, swept across all lands. Shoot, great prince, across all lands, strike, great prince, with your squad... Mamaia for the Russian land, for the Christian faith. On the same day, Saturday, the Nativity of the Holy Mother of God, Christian regiments ... [of the Horde] on the Don, on the Nepryadva River, were defeated. Already...[the Horde] threw down their weapons, and the Russians bowed their heads under the swords. And their trumpets do not blow, and their voices are dull.”

What event is the author talking about? In what year did it happen? Name the Moscow prince with whose activities the described event is directly related.
What was the outcome of this event?
What is its historical significance?

One of the most important events in Russian history at the end of the 14th century. was the Battle of Kulikovo - the first major victory of Muscovite Rus' over the Horde.

What were the most important reasons for the victory in the Battle of Kulikovo? Provide at least three reasons.
Which historical figures took part in the Battle of Kulikovo? Name at least three participants in the battle.

“On Christian (peasant) refusal. And Christians move from volost to volost, from village to village, one time a year, a week before Saint George’s Day and a week after Saint George’s Day. Yards located in the fields pay the elderly - a ruble, and in the forests - half a ruble. And the Christian who lives on it for a year and then goes away, and he pays a quarter of the yard, and lives for two years and then goes away, and he pays half the yard; and he lives three years and goes away, and he pays three-quarters of the yard, and he lives four years, and he pays the whole yard.”

Name the sovereign during whose reign this document was adopted.
Indicate the name of the collection of laws to which the presented passage refers.

“He was, first of all, a “reasonable autocrat,” as the greatest Russian poet defined him. It was not romantic inspiration, but sober calculation, not heartfelt desires, but the work of the mind that guided him in the main task of his life - the revival of the unity and independence of the Russian land... He did not capture the imagination of his contemporaries either with personal military valor, like his illustrious great-grandfather, or with bloody theatrical effects, like the infamous grandson. His political goal and at the same time his support was the Russian land and its people. He was the first to recognize this land not as a collection of princely appanages, but as a single great state, bound by an ancestral historical tradition.

What does the author see as the main result of his reign?
What did the author mean when he mentioned “the lasting and large-scale successes of the first sovereign of all Rus'”? Please indicate at least two provisions.

In the second half of the 15th - first third of the 16th centuries. The unification of Russian lands around Moscow was completed. A centralized Russian state arose on the map of Eastern Europe - the state of “All Rus'”.

Name at least three historical figures of this period.
What territories were annexed to the Moscow Principality during this period? Name at least three territories or cities that were the centers of these territories.

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