Partisans of the Great Patriotic War. Performed by Gubiev Arthur

1 slide

Great Patriotic War partisans Performed by students 7 “A” Shley Dmitry and Tsinevsky Viktor

2 slide

Menu Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Guerrilla movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War Formation of Soviet partisan detachments False partisans Jewish partisan detachments Elements of partisan war Location of Soviet partisan detachments

3 slide

Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Soviet partisans are an integral part of the anti-fascist Resistance movement, who fought using guerrilla warfare methods against Germany and its allies in the territories of the USSR occupied by them during the Great Patriotic War. The movement was coordinated and controlled by Soviet authorities and was modeled after the Red Army. The main goal of the guerrilla war was to undermine the front in the German rear - disruption of communications and communications, the operation of its road and railway communications (the so-called “Rail War”), etc.

4 slide

In the Bryansk region, Soviet partisans controlled vast territories in the German rear. In the summer of 1942, they actually exercised control over a territory of over 14,000 square kilometers. The Bryansk Partisan Republic was formed. The main struggle in this area was waged by the partisans not against the German occupiers, but against the anti-Bolshevik-minded population of the Lokot Republic. Detachments of Soviet partisans with a total number of more than 60,000 people in the region were led by Alexey Fedorov, Alexander Saburov and others. Partisan movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War

5 slide

Formation of Soviet partisan detachments The main tasks of the partisan movement were set out in the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of June 29, 1941 and the Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of July 18, 1941 “On the organization of the struggle in the rear of German troops.” The most important directions of the struggle behind enemy lines were formulated in the order of the People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin dated September 5, 1942 “On the tasks of the partisan movement.”

6 slide

There were cases when the Nazis, in order to discredit the partisan movement, created punitive detachments (usually from collaborators), who posed as Soviet partisans and committed murders of civilians. In 1943-1944, a group of collaborationists operated in Polesie under the guise of partisans. As one former member of the resistance said, there was a case when one of the partisan groups met with “false partisans”:

7 slide

Jewish partisan detachments On the territory of the Soviet Union, from 15 to 49 thousand Jews fought against the Nazis in underground organizations and partisan detachments. Approximately 4,000 people fought in 70 purely Jewish partisan detachments on the territory of the USSR. Jewish partisan detachments were created by those Jews who fled from ghettos and camps, fleeing extermination by the Nazis. Many of the organizers of the Jewish detachments had previously been members of underground organizations in the ghetto.

8 slide

Elements of guerrilla warfare Sabotage occupied a significant place in the activities of partisan formations. They were a very effective way of disorganizing the enemy rear, inflicting losses and material damage to the enemy, without engaging in combat with him. Using special sabotage equipment, small groups of partisans and even individuals could inflict significant damage on the enemy. In total, during the war years, Soviet partisans derailed about 18,000 trains, of which 15,000 in 1943-1944.

In June 1943, the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus put forward a plan for the simultaneous massive destruction of sections of railways in the occupied territory of the republic. The operation was planned in three stages, each lasting 24 hours. They wanted to start the operation on August 1-5, 1943 with a sudden first massive strike, simultaneously blowing up the rails.

The operation was carried out on the territory of Belarus, Karelia, Leningrad and Kalinin regions, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Crimea occupied by fascist German troops, covering a front of about 900 km. Having defeated the enemy guards and captured railway sections, they began massive destruction and mining of the railway track .

Hero of the Soviet Union (), secretary of the Gomel underground city party committee, chief of staff of the Gomel partisan unit, colonel. Awards: - “Gold Star” of Hero of the Soviet Union (3207) Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1949) Gold Star. Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1949) and other awards Emelyan Ignatievich Barykin

Soviet intelligence officer, during the Great Patriotic War one of the organizers of the partisan movement in Belarus, commander of a partisan unit. Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General (1969). Awards: Ivan Nikolaevich Banov Order of the Red Star Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” III degree Order of the Red Banner Order of Lenin (two) And other awards

In the second period of the Second World War (autumn 1942 - end of 1943), the partisan movement expanded deep behind enemy lines. The actions of the partisans turned out to be so effective that the fascist German command sent against them in the summer and autumn of 1942 144 police battalions, 27 police regiments, 8 infantry regiments, 10 SS security police and punitive divisions, 2 security corps, 72 special units, up to 15 German infantry divisions and 5 infantry divisions of their satellites, thereby weakening their forces at the front.

Partisan formations - detachments, regiments, brigades, formations (divisions) of Soviet partisans during the Great Patriotic War.

Goals of activity June 29, 1941 - directive of the Council of People's Commissars - the content resembles “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” Creation of partisan detachments, underground and sabotage groups in enemy-occupied territory Destruction of valuables The movement was led by the leaders of party and Komsomol organizations. The directive formed the basis of the speech of I.V. Stalin on July 3, 1941.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The organization of partisan formations was determined by: the number of personnel the number and composition of weapons the geographical conditions of the area the economic state of the area the nature of the tasks performed

INFRASTRUCTURE. Many partisan formations had their own hospitals, workshops for repairing weapons and various property, and ammunition supply platoons.

WEAPONS. The partisans were armed mainly with light weapons: light machine guns, machine guns, rifles, carbines, and grenades. Many detachments and formations had mortars and heavy machine guns. In some cases, the partisans used guns and tanks left by the troops on the battlefield.

The main organizational and combat unit of the partisans was the partisan detachment, which usually consisted of companies, platoons and squads, and sometimes of combat groups. Its number ranged from 20 to 200 people. The detachment was part of a partisan brigade (formation, division) or was independent. The partisan regiment consisted of battalions and was not widely used. He acted independently or as part of a partisan brigade, formation (division).

A partisan brigade united several detachments (less often battalions and regiments) and numbered from several hundred to 3-4 thousand or more people. A partisan formation (division) included 10 or more partisan brigades with a total number of up to 15-19 thousand people, and was created by decision of the headquarters of the partisan movement and underground regional committees (district committees) of the party. The combat operations of the formation (division) were dominated by raids, including those outside Soviet territory. Some formations organizationally included cavalry, artillery and machine gun units.

Stage I - summer 1941 - summer 1942 Spontaneous actions of small armed detachments Poor weapons No coordination, fragmentation July 18, 1941 - resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks) “On organizing the struggle in the rear of German troops” task - creating a network of underground party local organizations have specified the role

Partisan detachments of Ukraine: L. Drozhzhin, V. Kostenko, A. Zlenko, S. A. Kovpak, A. N. Saburov. Belarus: P. Ponomarenko, P. Kalinin, V. Malinin, K. Mazurov Central regions of the USSR: D. N. Medvedev, A. F. Fedorov Leningrad region: G. Bumagin, A. V. German

Stage II - summer 1942 - summer 1943 May 30 - The Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created (headed by P. Ponomarenko) + Carried out radio communications between headquarters + Engaged in the transfer of ammunition, medicine, food to enemy-occupied territory + Trained underground organizers, radio operators, intelligence officers, attracted military specialists

Partisan region - territory in the rear of German troops, liberated and held for a long time by partisans Partisan zone - territory controlled by partisans

The detachment, brigade and formation were headed by a commander and a commissar, there was a headquarters, and in large formations there was also a party-political apparatus. The commanders had deputies for intelligence, sabotage, and a supply assistant with the relevant units. Party and Komsomol organizations worked in the detachments. COMMAND

Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak (1887-1967) - commander of the Putivl partisan detachment (later - Sumy partisan unit, 1st Ukrainian partisan division), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine, major general. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Orel and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests on the Right Bank of Ukraine in the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhitomir and Kyiv regions; in 1943 - Carpathian raid.

Ponomarenko Panteleimon Kondratievich (1902 -1984) In 1938-1947 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. Since September 1939, a member of the Military Council of the Belarusian Military District, took part in the leadership of the troops that entered the territory of Western Belarus. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a member of the military councils of fronts and armies, and led the partisan movement. From May 30, 1942 - March 1943 - Chief of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.

Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev (1898 - 1954) Commander of a partisan detachment, Hero of the Soviet Union, NKVD personnel officer, colonel. The detachment operated until January 1942 in the Smolensk, Bryansk, Mogilev regions, carried out over 50 major operations

Alexander Nikolaevich Saburov (1908 -1974) Major General, commander of a partisan unit, Hero of the Soviet Union. In October 1941, he led a Soviet partisan detachment. From March 1942 to April 1944, he commanded a partisan unit that operated in Sumy, Zhitomir, Volyn, Rivne and other regions of Ukraine, as well as the Bryansk and Oryol regions of Russia and in the southern regions of Belarus.

Fedorov Alexey Fedorovich (1901 -1989) From September 1941 - first secretary of the Chernigov, from March 1943 - also of the Volyn underground regional party committees, at the same time commander of the Chernigov-Volyn partisan unit of the NKVD of the USSR, operating in Ukraine, Belarus and the Bryansk forests of Russia. During these years, Alexei Fedorov's talent was revealed as an outstanding organizer of guerrilla warfare, one of the creators of guerrilla tactics.

Golikov Leonid Aleksandrovich Brigade reconnaissance officer 67 (1926 -1943) of detachment 4 of the Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. Accompanied a convoy with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the medal “For Courage” and the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal, 2nd degree. On January 24, 1943, Leonid Golikov died in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region.

Stage III – summer 1943 -1944 Joint actions of partisans with units of the Red Army Disrupted the supply of weapons to Hitler’s troops Undermined communications Conducted operations “Rail War”, “Concert”

The Rail War Was carried out jointly with units of the Red Army near Kursk from August 3 to September 15, 1943. 167 partisan formations took part in it. The partisans of Belarus derailed 761 enemy trains, Ukraine - 349, Smolensk region - 102. As a result of the operation, the Mogilev-Krichev, Polotsk-Dvinsk, Mogilev-Zhlobin highways were not operational throughout August. On other railways, traffic was often delayed for 3-15 days. The actions of the partisans significantly complicated the regrouping and supply of retreating enemy troops.

Code name of the operation (from September 19 - October 1943), continuation of the operation “Rail War. 193 partisan formations from Belarus, the Baltic states, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions took part. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and Crimea) and in depth over 400 kilometers. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement. Operation Concert

Underground during the war In the territory occupied by the enemy, underground organizations led by party and Komsomol leaders operated. The main forms of struggle: They put up leaflets that called for a fight, highlighted the current state of affairs at the front. They disrupted the supply of weapons to German troops for military operations. They hid those who escaped from captivity from being sent to Germany. They reported important information about the enemy to the Soviet command.

Zaslonov Konstantin Sergeevich (1910 - 1942) In October 1941 he was sent behind enemy lines as part of a group of railway workers. Partisan pseudonym - “Uncle Kostya”. He created an underground group, whose members used “coal mines” to blow up 93 German locomotives in 3 months. He acted with a group in the Vitebsk-Orsha-Smolensk region. He died in 1942 in a battle with punitive forces.

“Young Guard” Underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization in Krasnodon, Lugansk region. , created on July 20, 1942, numbered about 110 people - boys and girls. Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Sergey Tyulenin, Ivan Zemnukhov, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova-active

The importance of the partisan movement and the underground In total, during the war, there were more than 6 thousand partisan detachments behind enemy lines, in which over 1 million people fought. During the operations, the partisans destroyed, captured and wounded 1 million fascists, disabled 4 thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand cars, 1100 aircraft, destroyed and damaged 1600 railway bridges, derailed 20 thousand trains.

Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

The partisan movement is the armed struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR

The call for guerrilla warfare was made in an address to the people by I.V. Stalin on July 3, 1941 The Pravda newspaper, which published the speech of the Chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin

On July 18, 1941, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopted a resolution “On the organization of the fight in the rear of German troops,” which formulated the general goals, objectives and main forms of struggle. At the first stage, the main goal of the partisans was to reduce the defense capability of enemy troops, to divert the largest possible enemy forces for protecting your rear. At this stage, partisan formations solved the following most typical tasks: conducted reconnaissance; disorganized the work of the enemy rear; destroyed manpower and military equipment; defensive work was disrupted; mined communication routes and other important enemy targets; The evacuation was disrupted by enemies of industry and transport.

At stage II, the main goal of the combat operations of the partisan forces was to create favorable conditions for the advance of Soviet troops at a high pace. Based on this, new tasks were set: to prevent the influx of Nazi reserves and material resources into the area of ​​​​operation; make it difficult to escape; disrupt control.

The main forms of struggle are an ambush, a sabotage raid. Partisans of one of the detachments in an ambush on a forest road

The partisan detachments were armed with light small arms, machine guns, machine guns and mortars. Soviet female partisans armed with Mosin rifles with fixed bayonets.

Members of the “Forward” partisan detachment are studying the design of a new mortar. Tungudsky district, Lekhta village. 1942

The partisan movement that arose among the grassroots was initially viewed with caution by the Soviet leadership. But the massive nature of the liberation struggle and the great damage inflicted by the partisans on the invaders forced the Defense Committee and Headquarters to change their views. On May 30, 1942, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created at Headquarters, led by P.K. Ponomarenko

Leadership was carried out mainly by radio Popov D.M., head of the Western headquarters of the partisan movement

The most effective partisan raids were carried out by the formations of S.A. Kovpak, A.N. Saburov, S.V. Grishin, A.F. Fedorov, P.P. Vershigory. S.A. Kovpak A.N. Saburov S.V. Grishin A.F. Fedorov P.P. Vershigora

In July 1943, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement developed a plan for a major operation called the “Rail War”. According to this plan, the partisans of Belarus, Leningrad, Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions were supposed to disable a significant number of enemy railway communications with simultaneous attacks.

In terms of its scale, the “Rail War” acquired a strategic character. Started on the night of August 3, 1943, in the midst of a fierce battle on the Kursk Bulge, it unfolded over a vast area with a front length of 1000 km and a depth of 750 km, and continued until mid-September 1943. About 100 thousand fighters of partisan formations and tens of thousands of civilians took part in the operation. The crash of a German military train organized by one of the partisan detachments

The national struggle in the rear of the Nazi troops is one of the brilliant pages of the Great Patriotic War, an outstanding feat of the Soviet people. For the heroism and courage shown during the years of severe trials, thousands of patriots were awarded orders and medals, 249 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov was awarded this title twice. The commander of a partisan detachment presents the medal “For Courage” to a young partisan reconnaissance

Commander of the 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union K.D. Karitsky. attaches the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War, II degree” to the priest of the church of the Porkhov district, F.A. Puzanov

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

2 slide

Slide description:

Each generation has its own perception of the past war, the place and significance of which in the life of the peoples of our country turned out to be so significant that it went down in their history as the Great Patriotic War. The dates June 22, 1941 and May 9, 1945 will forever remain in the memory of the peoples of Russia. 70 years after the Great Patriotic War, Russians can be proud that their contribution to the Victory was enormous and irreplaceable. The most important component of the struggle of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War was the partisan movement, which was the most active form of participation of the broad masses in the temporarily occupied Soviet territory in the fight against the enemy.

3 slide

Slide description:

The party called on the Soviet people remaining behind enemy lines to create partisan detachments and sabotage groups, incite partisan warfare everywhere, blow up bridges, spoil the enemy's telegraph and telephone communications, set fire to warehouses, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them in every step, disrupt all their activities.

4 slide

Slide description:

The partisan movement in the rear of the fascist troops in the temporarily occupied territory began literally from the first days of the war. It was an integral part of the armed struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders and was an important factor in achieving victory over fascist Germany and its allies.

5 slide

Slide description:

The struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders in the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union became an integral part of the Great Patriotic War. It acquired a nationwide character, becoming a qualitatively new phenomenon in the history of the struggle against foreign invaders. The most important of its manifestations was the partisan movement behind enemy lines. Thanks to the actions of the partisans, the German fascist invaders developed a constant sense of danger and threat in their rear, which had a significant moral impact on the Nazis. And this was a real danger, since the fighting of the partisans caused enormous damage to the enemy’s manpower and equipment.

6 slide

Slide description:

Soviet people who found themselves in territory occupied by the enemy, as well as soldiers, commanders and political workers of the Red Army and Navy who were surrounded, began to fight the Nazi occupiers. They tried with all their might and means to help the Soviet troops fighting at the front and resisted the Nazis. And already these first actions against Hitlerism bore the character of a guerrilla war.

7 slide

Slide description:

By the end of 1941, over 2 thousand partisan detachments were operating in the occupied territory, in which up to 90 thousand people fought. In total, during the war, there were more than 6 thousand partisan detachments behind enemy lines, in which they fought with over 1 million 150 thousand partisans.

8 slide

Slide description:

The difficult winter period of 1941-1942, the lack of reliably equipped bases for partisan detachments, the lack of weapons and ammunition, poor weapons and food supplies, as well as the lack of professional doctors and medicines significantly complicated the effective actions of the partisans, reducing them to sabotage on transport routes, the destruction of small groups of invaders, the destruction of their locations, the destruction of policemen - local residents who agreed to cooperate with the invaders. Nevertheless, the partisan and underground movement behind enemy lines still took place. Many detachments operated in Smolensk, Moscow, Oryol, Bryansk and a number of other regions of the country that fell under the heel of the Nazi occupiers.

Slide 9

Slide description:

10 slide

Slide description:

Partisan detachment of S. Kovpak The historical experience of the partisan movement of the twentieth century seems to us to be extremely important, and when considering it, one cannot help but touch upon the legendary name of Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak, the founder of the practice of partisan raids. This outstanding Ukrainian, people's partisan commander, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, who received the rank of major general in 1943, plays a special role in the development of the theory and practice of the partisan movement of modern times. Detachment commander Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak

11 slide

Slide description:

Guerrilla detachment of S. Kovpak By destroying transport communications, the Kovpaks were able to block for a long time important routes for the supply of Nazi troops and military equipment to the fronts of the Kursk Bulge. The Nazis, who sent elite SS units and front-line aviation to destroy Kovpak's formation, failed to destroy the partisan column - finding themselves surrounded, Kovpak made an unexpected decision for the enemy to divide the formation into a number of small groups, and break through with a simultaneous "fan" strike in various directions back to the Polesie forests. This tactical move brilliantly justified itself - all the disparate groups survived, once again uniting into one formidable force - the Kovpakovsky formation. In January 1944, it was renamed the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division, which received the name of its commander, Sidor Kovpak.

12 slide

Slide description:

Slide 13

Slide description:

Pinsk detachment In June-July 1944, Pinsk partisans helped units of Belov’s 61st Army liberate the cities and villages of the region. From June 1941 to July 1944, Pinsk partisans inflicted great losses on the Nazi occupiers: they lost 26,616 people in killed alone and 422 people were captured. They defeated more than 60 large enemy garrisons, 5 railway stations and 10 trains with military equipment and ammunition located there. 468 trains with manpower and equipment were derailed, 219 military trains were shelled and 23,616 railway rails were destroyed. 770 cars, 86 tanks and armored vehicles were destroyed on highways and dirt roads. 3 aircraft were shot down by machine gun fire. 62 railway bridges and about 900 on highways and dirt roads were blown up. This is an incomplete list of the partisans’ military affairs. Commander of the partisan detachment Vasily Zakharovich Korzh

Slide 14

Slide description:

Detachment of D. Medvedev Partisan reconnaissance planted explosives under the rails and tore up enemy trains, fired from ambushes at convoys on the highway, went on the air day and night and reported to Moscow more and more information about the movement of German military units... Medvedev’s detachment served as the core for the creation in the Bryansk region there is an entire partisan region. Over time, new special tasks were assigned to it, and it was already included in the plans of the Supreme High Command as an important bridgehead behind enemy lines. Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev, Commander of a partisan detachment, Hero of the Soviet Union

15 slide

Slide description:

1943-1944 During the winter of 1943 and during 1944, when the enemy was defeated and completely expelled from Soviet soil, the partisan movement rose to a new, even higher level. The year 1944 went down in the history of the partisan movement as the year of widespread interaction between partisans and units of the Soviet Army. Partisans - father and son, 1943 Partisan-reconnaissance of the Chernigov formation "For the Motherland" Vasily Borovik Portrait of a 14-year-old partisan-reconnaissance Mikhail Khavdey

16 slide

Slide description:

Slide 17

Slide description:

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya According to Zoya’s colleagues, she managed to burn down a German communications center, which made it difficult or impossible for some German units stationed near Moscow to interact. With the onset of the evening of November 28, while trying to set fire to the barn of S. A. Sviridov, Kosmodemyanskaya was noticed by the owner. During interrogation, Zoya identified herself as Tanya and did not say anything definite. Having stripped her naked, she was flogged with belts, then the guard assigned to her for 4 hours led her barefoot, in only her underwear, along the street in the cold. The name of Moscow Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union, became a symbol of fearlessness and courage of partisan intelligence officers. The country learned about the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya during the difficult months of the battle near Moscow. November 29, 1941 Zoya died with the words on her lips: “It’s happiness to die for your people!”

18 slide

Slide description:

Vera Danilovna Voloshina On November 21, 1941, two groups of reconnaissance officers went to the rear of the German troops. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was part of the second group. After crossing the front, the groups had to split up and begin to act independently. However, the unexpected happened: the united detachment came under enemy fire and split into two groups of random composition. Thus Zoya and Vera parted ways. Kosmodemyanskaya’s group went towards the village of Petrishchevo. Vera and her comrades continued to complete the task. But between the villages of Yakshino and Golovkovo, a group of partisans again came under fire. Vera was seriously wounded, but they could not take her away, since German soldiers very quickly arrived at the scene of the shelling. She was hanged by the Germans on November 29, 1941, her last words were: “Farewell, comrades!” On the same day that the Germans executed Vera, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was hanged ten kilometers from Golovkovo, in the center of the village of Petrishchevo. They left for their last mission together.