Peter and Fevronia's actions and their characteristics. The character of Peter from the story of Peter and Fevronia of Murom

The story of Peter and Fevronia of Murom, perhaps, can be called a story about true and bright love, which everyone tries to find in their lives.

The main character, Fevronia herself, appears to readers as a wise, honest, fair and beautiful young girl, who is respected by those around her for her sensitive and flexible character. During the course of the story, she shows herself as a faithful, caring and intelligent wife who does everything possible for the happiness of her family and her husband. Despite this, readers can also notice that there is perseverance and endurance in her character, this is manifested in her struggle for the happiness of her family. Also, the main character can be called an active creator of both her life and the life of her prince Peter, whom she falls in love with and marries.

Prince Peter himself is a less significant figure compared to Fevronia, however, according to the author’s idea, he is also the main character of this story. This hero appears to readers as brave, courageous and caring. Without hesitation, he enters the battle for the honor of Fevronia and fights with the flying snake. Receiving a wound from an enemy, he trusts Fevronia and allows him to treat him, promising to marry her. However, when the prince decides not to fulfill his promise, the wounds again begin to affect his body, and he, realizing his mistake, still marries Fevronia. It is worth noting that at this time he truly and sincerely falls in love with her.

Having found true love, both of these heroes were not only able to carry it through their entire lives, no matter what, but also died on the same day. This only proves that true love still exists. After all, even after death, no one could separate them, sending them to another world together.

Since ancient times, these heroes have been recognized as the protectors of all loving people, as well as the guardians of families and marital ties.

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Peter and Fevronia of Murom are spouses, saints, the brightest personalities of Holy Rus', who with their lives reflected its spiritual values ​​and ideals.
The life story of St. miracle workers, the faithful and reverend spouses Peter and Fevronia, existed for many centuries in the traditions of the Murom land, where they lived and where their honest relics were preserved.
He recorded the story of Peter and Fevronia in the 16th century. priest Ermolai the Pregressful (monastically Erasmus), a talented writer, widely known in the era of Ivan the Terrible. Preserving folkloric features in his life, he created an amazingly poetic story about wisdom and love - the gifts of the Holy Spirit with a pure heart and humbleness in God.
Peter was the younger brother of Pavel, who reigned in Murom. One day, trouble happened in Pavel’s family - due to the devil’s obsession, a snake began to fly to his wife. The sad woman, who succumbed to demonic power, told her husband everything. The prince ordered his wife to find out the secret of his death from the villain. It turned out that the adversary’s death was “destined to come from Peter’s shoulder and Agrikov’s sword.” Having learned about this, Prince. Peter immediately decided to kill the rapist, relying on God’s help. Soon, during prayer in the temple, it was revealed where Agrikov’s sword was kept, and, having tracked down the serpent, Peter struck him down. But before his death, the snake sprinkled the winner with poisonous blood, and the prince’s body became covered with scabs and ulcers.
No one could heal Peter from a serious illness. Enduring the torment with humility, the prince surrendered to God in everything. And the Lord, providing for His servant, sent him to the Ryazan land. One of the young men sent in search of a doctor accidentally walked into the house, where he found a lonely girl named Fevronia, the daughter of a tree frog, at work, who had the gift of insight and healing. After all the questions, Fevronia ordered the servant: “Bring your prince here. If he is sincere and humble in his words, he will be healthy!”
The prince, who could no longer walk himself, was brought to the house, and he sent to ask who wanted to cure him. And he promised him that if he cured him, he would get a big reward. “I want to cure him,” Fevronia answered bluntly, “but I don’t demand any reward from him. Here’s my word to him: if I don’t become his wife, then it’s not right for me to treat him.” Peter promised to marry, but in his heart he was lying: the pride of the princely family prevented him from agreeing to such a marriage. Fevronia scooped up some sourdough, blew on it and ordered the prince to wash himself in the bathhouse and lubricate all the scabs except one.
Since Fevronia saw through Peter’s wickedness and pride, she ordered him to leave one scab undone as evidence of sin. Soon, from this scab, the whole illness resumed, and the prince returned to Fevronia. The second time he kept his word. “And they arrived at their patrimony, the city of Murom, and began to live piously, without breaking God’s commandments in anything.”
After the death of his brother, Peter became autocrat in the city. The boyars respected their prince, but the arrogant boyars’ wives disliked Fevronia, not wanting to have a peasant woman as their ruler, and taught their husbands evil things. The boyars tried to level all sorts of slander against the princess, and one day they rebelled and, having lost their shame, offered Fevronia, taking whatever she wanted, to leave the city. The princess wanted nothing but her husband. The couple sailed down the river on two ships.
In the evening they moored to the shore and began to settle down for the night. Before they had time to wake up, ambassadors from Murom arrived, begging Peter to return to reign. The boyars quarreled over power, shed blood and were now again looking for peace and tranquility. Peter and Fevronia humbly returned to their city and ruled happily ever after, giving alms with prayer in their hearts. When old age came, they took monasticism with the names David and Euphrosyne and begged God to die at the same time. They decided to bury themselves together in a specially prepared coffin with a thin partition in the middle.

Characteristics of Fevronia. The heroine of the story is the maiden Fevronia. She is wise with folk wisdom. The first appearance in the story of the girl Fevronia is captured in a visually distinct image. She is found in a simple peasant hut by an envoy of the Murom prince Peter, who fell ill from the poisonous blood of the serpent he killed. In a poor peasant dress, Fevronia sat at the loom and was engaged in a “quiet” task - weaving cloth, and a hare was jumping in front of her, as if symbolizing her merging with nature.

Her questions and answers, her quiet and wise conversation clearly show that “Rublev’s thoughtfulness” is not thoughtless. Fevronia amazes the messenger with her prophetic answers and promises to help the prince. Well-versed in healing potions, she heals the prince. Despite social obstacles, the prince marries the peasant girl Fevronia. The arrogant wives of the boyars disliked Fevronia and demanded her expulsion.

Fevronia makes wise riddles and knows how to resolve life's difficulties without fuss. She does not object to her enemies and does not insult them with open teaching, but resorts to allegory, the purpose of which is to teach a harmless lesson; its opponents themselves realize their mistakes. She works miracles in passing: she makes the branches stuck for the fire bloom into a large tree overnight. Her life-giving power extends to everything around her. Crumbs of bread in her palm turn into grains of fragrant incense. Intelligence, nobility and meekness help Fevronia overcome all the hostile actions of her strong opponents. In every conflict situation, the high human dignity of the peasant woman is contrasted with the low and selfish behavior of her high-born opponents. Fevronia used the wisdom given to her not for herself, but for her husband. She led him, helped him in affairs, including state affairs, and was a real assistant to him. Fevronia did not force the prince to do what she wanted. A wise wife is always a joy for her husband and for those around her. Fevronia, as we know, glorified and exalted both herself and her husband, Peter, with her wisdom. There is a saying that family life is a ship and the captain on it is the husband, but this entire huge ship is in the hands of the wife. Thus, wherever she turns the steering wheel, the ship will float there, and she can turn it towards a quiet and calm sea, or maybe towards the reefs. “A wise woman builds her house, but a foolish woman destroys it with her own hands” (Proverbs 14:1). Fevronia died in 1228 on the same day as her husband. Both of them, according to the will, were laid in the same coffin. In 1547, their memory was established to be celebrated “everywhere in Murom” on the 25th day of June. The relics of Saint Prince Peter and Saint Princess Fevronia rest hidden in one shrine in the Murom Cathedral Church.

Characteristics of Prince Peter. Prince Peter tries to deceive her only once, at the beginning, when he decides not to marry her, contrary to his promise. But after the very first lesson taught to him by Fevronia, he listens to her in everything and, having got married, lives in harmony with her, crossing them beyond the threshold of death. Moreover, Peter did not indulge her, as the boyars who invited her to leave their city indulged their wives. One day, one of the servants at Fevronia’s table came to the blessed Prince Peter and said to her: “Every time,” he said, “after finishing a meal, he leaves the table inappropriately: before getting up, he collects crumbs in his hand, like she’s hungry!” And so the noble prince Peter, wanting to test her, ordered that she dine with him at the same table. And when dinner was over, she, as was her custom, collected the crumbs in her hand. Then Prince Peter took Fevronia by the hand and, opening it, saw fragrant incense and incense. And from that day on he never experienced it again.”

Tell us about Peter and Fevronia. What are they? (Prince Peter - brave, fearless, pious; Fevronia - “wise maiden”)

What is the allegorical meaning of Fevronia’s speeches?

“It’s bad for a house without ears, and a room without eyes.” “My father and mother went to cry on loan, but my brother went through his legs to look death in the eyes,” (analysis of an excerpt from the text)

What did Fevronia do in response to the words of Prince Peter? “This girl wants me to take her as my wife for the sake of her wisdom. If she is wise, then let her, while I am washing in the bathhouse, make me a shirt, portages and a towel from this bunch of flax.” (Fevronia, in turn, gave the prince an impossible task.) How does Fevronia’s answer characterize her? (like a wise maiden)

How did Peter and Fevronia reign? (pious)

Why did the boyars expel Peter and Fevronia? (each of the boyars himself wanted to become an autocrat)

When did Peter and Fevronia return to the city and how did they reign? (“Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia returned to Murom. And they reigned in that city as a child-loving father and mother. They loved everyone equally, but they did not like pride and robbery. They received strangers, fed the hungry, clothed the poor, and delivered the unfortunate from misfortunes.”)

What names did Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia receive after becoming a monk? (“Prince Peter was named Davyd, and Princess Fevronia was named Euphrosyne.”)

How did Peter and Fevronia end their lives? (quietly, calmly) What miracle happened repeatedly after their death? (People tried to put their bodies in different coffins, “but in the morning they found them in a single coffin.”)

Why do you think Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia were canonized? (Prince Peter and Princess Fevronia led a righteous life)

4) Artistic features of “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom”.

“The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” is a combination of two folklore stories: one about a seducing snake and the other about a wise maiden. These plots in “The Tale...” are connected and dedicated to Murom, and the entire story claims to be historically accurate.

The charm of “The Tale...” lies in the simplicity and clarity of presentation, in the sedate slowness of the story, in the narrator’s ability not to be surprised by the surprising, in the simplicity and good-naturedness of the characters that harmonizes with the narrator’s calmness.

Fevronia: The image of the “wise maiden” F. goes back to a Russian fairy tale. The daughter of a beekeeper (“tree climber”) from the village of Laskovo, Ryazan land, is famous for her good deeds, intelligence and insight. She is a faithful and caring wife who knows how to fight for her happiness. F. embodies love, which neither evil people nor the force of circumstances can defeat. Researchers have more than once compared the ancient Russian story with the Western European novel about Tristan and Isolde, who also encounter various obstacles on the path to happiness. The main character is active, she creates her own destiny and the destiny of Prince Peter, over whom she wins a moral victory.

The image of P. plays a less noticeable role in the narrative; he is, as it were, overshadowed by the bright and colorful figure of F. Murom Prince P., having stood up for the honor of his brother’s wife, fights with the flying snake that has become accustomed to her. Having mastered the Agric sword, P. wins, but the poisonous blood of the snake causes incurable ulcers and scabs on his body. F. heals the prince, setting a condition: she will cure P. if he takes her as his wife.

The prince does not want to marry a simple peasant woman. But after a second appeal to F. for help, the ashamed prince takes the peasant girl as his wife.

F.'s wisdom is manifested not only in deeds and actions, but also in the ability to speak in allegories and riddles. This is not how the princely envoy understands her, in response to whose questions F. says: “It’s bad when the courtyard has no ears, and the house has no eyes”; “Father and mother went to cry, and brother went through the legs of death to look into the eyes.” F. herself explains the meaning of what was said: the ears of the house are a dog, and the eyes are a child.

They, each in their own way, will warn the owner about the approach of a stranger. The heroine's father and mother went to the funeral, and her brother, a beekeeper, went to practice his dangerous craft, climbing tall trees.

With his wise speeches, F. also baffles her future husband. Peter: After F. becomes the prince’s wife, the evil boyars and their wives, “like a bark,” do not want to be ruled by a woman of peasant origin, they strive to expel F. from the city and separate the heroes. However, even here the power of love prevails. F. wants to take with him the most precious thing - his spouse.

P. renounces his reign and leaves Murom together with F. The heroes of the story do not value power and wealth. This is how P. and F.’s love overcomes social obstacles. A certain anti-boyar tendency is noticeable in this episode. The creator of the story emphasizes that the “evil” boyars fought over power: everyone “would like to have power.”

The townspeople beg P. to rule Murom as before. Returning to the city, P. and F. rule not with rage, but with truth and justice, and treat their subjects not as mercenaries, but as true shepherds.

They are compared to merciful and warm-hearted child-loving parents. Neither social inequality nor “evil” boyars can separate the heroes.

They are inseparable even in the face of death. Having simultaneously accepted the monastic rank, P. and F. pray to God: “May she be reposed in one hour”; and bequeathed to bury themselves in the same tomb. The description of the death of the saints is especially expressive. Just before her death, “blessed” F. embroiders “air” with the faces of saints for the cathedral.

The prince, feeling his death approaching, sends to tell his wife that he is waiting for her to leave this world together. F. asks her master to wait until she finishes her work. After P.’s third appeal to her (“I’m leaving this world, I can’t wait for you anymore”), the princess-nun, who managed to embroider the face and hand of the saint, responds to the call of her husband. Having stuck a needle into the unsewn cover and wound a thread around it, F. sends to P. to say that she is ready.

Even a posthumous miracle - an important element in the composition of a hagiographic narrative - reaffirms the inseparability of the marital ties of the heroes. People who sought to separate P. and F. during their lives separate them twice after death: P.’s body was laid in the city, “in the cathedral church of the Most Pure Mother of God,” and F.’s body was buried “outside the city,” in the Vozdvizhensky Church of the Convent. The next morning everyone sees a miracle: the bodies of the prince and princess end up in a common tomb.