Preparation for part C. Essay based on the text by F.M. Dostoevsky

What is the first impression of a person? And can it be deceptive? These are the questions asked by the Russian writer and screenwriter Grigory Yakovlevich Baklanov in his story about the war, which raises the problem of first impressions.

IN this work the author writes about the soldier Dolgovushin, whom everyone considered resigned and incapable of fighting. But once in the center of the fighting, he began to act confidently and decisively. He quickly found his way around difficult situation and was able to survive under German fire. In addition, after the enemy attack, Dolgovushin suddenly began to boast of his courage and even lied about the fact that he was trying to drag the already killed foreman. This reflects the frequent falsity of the first impression of a person.

In the works of Russian classics, confirmation of this point of view is often found.

In Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment, Sonya Marmeladova was condemned by society for “going with a yellow ticket.” But in fact, the girl did this to help her starving family, and this act evokes real respect, because by sacrificing herself and her position in society, she saves her family from poverty, which proves that the first impression of a person is often deceptive.

We also see confirmation of the author’s view of the problem in Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” In fact, the sneaky Anatol Kuragin makes a pleasant first impression on Natasha Rostova and charms her. The heroine, due to her inexperience, falls in love with Kuragin, and he intends to dishonestly take her away from Moscow and get married, but later the truth is revealed: in fact, Anatole is already married and does not realize the future consequences of his whim. At the same time, seeing Natasha’s ruined reputation, he feels neither compassion nor regret. This is what shows that it is often very difficult at first glance to understand exactly who a person is and what he really is like.

Thus, we can conclude that judging something by first impression is wrong, because very often we mistake people for who they really are.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -

You can make an impression on a person in just 4 seconds, and then fight with him for 4 years if this impression turns out to be negative. Within the first few seconds, our subconscious makes conclusions about his or her social status and personality. The fact that most of these conclusions will turn out to be incorrect is of little concern to us. We like to think that we can instantly evaluate a person. The first impression becomes even more dangerous in cases where it determines our future attitude towards a person. If we don't like someone at first sight. The temptation is great to behave negatively towards him or her. In this case, the interlocutors will probably answer us in the same way. And this will please us, since our first impression will be confirmed, and we will be pleased with our ability to immediately recognize a bad person. How true is our first impression of a person?

Talking about difficulties correct judgment about a person based on first impression, it is appropriate to recall the words of F.M. Dostoevsky, who, speaking about the shortcomings of simple photography of facts, thereby warned against dangerous categorical judgments about people only on the basis of first impressions. “Photographs,” wrote F.M. Dostoevsky, - it is extremely rare that they turn out to be similar, and this is understandable: the original itself, that is, each of us, is extremely rarely similar to itself. In rare moments, a human face expresses its main feature, its most characteristic thought... Photography catches a person as he is, and it is quite possible that Napoleon, in another moment, would have come out stupid, and Bismarck gentle.”

As it turned out, all of us, regardless of age and life experience, are subject to the influence of three errors of first perception:

1. The mistake of superiority occurs when we meet a person who is superior to us in some way (prestigious car, fashionable clothes, expensive accessories, speech rich in incomprehensible terms, money, power, etc.). Because of which we, as a rule, overestimate him, that is, we treat him well in advance, we psychologically give such a person an advance of trust. But it also happens that it is not us, but we, who are superior to a stranger in some way, and then we begin to underestimate, put him a step lower than us, that is, we advance with our hostility, condescension and distrust. Both of these options have one very significant disadvantage. The fact is that superiority is recorded on one basis (for example, a prestigious car). Is it overestimation or underestimation? man is walking for many reasons (oh, since he has such a car, it means he has money, if he has money, it means he earns well, if he earns well, it means he’s smart, etc.). In reality, this person may simply be a driver or rent a car from a friend, but our opinion, based on the first impression of superiority, has already been formed. And we will remain under its influence for quite a long time.

I would like to focus on clothing in more detail:

person's clothes, all its external design, including attributes such as insignia, glasses, hair styling, awards, jewelry, etc.

In earlier times, this was so important that certain clothes not only could be worn by people of a certain status or social status, but also had to be worn by them. There were certain rules about what and who could or could not wear. Thus, the task of recognizing status was quite simple at that time.

It can be stated quite definitely that even in our time, when there are no strict regulations and restrictions, the role of clothing in coding superiority remains significant. One can probably talk about the existence of an unofficial sign system clothing and external attributes of a person, the elements or combination of elements of which are the hooks that direct the formation of the first impression according to the scheme of superiority.

Analysis of a person’s wardrobe (preferred style, shape, color and other features of clothing) in such a situation can provide a lot of information about such individual psychological characteristics of a person as his temperament, character, social status etc. But since clothing also reflects some features of our unconscious (attitudes, psychological protection etc.), then about this area. What in clothing indicates superiority? First of all, the price, the higher it is, the higher the status. We “calculate” the price by seeing the quality of the clothing, which is directly related to the price. Knowing the frequency of occurrence of a given model (scarcity) and its relationship with fashion (fashionability), we can also judge the price of clothing.

• 2. Error in relation to us. The attitude error is built on the significance complex, which is an integral part of every person. We all want to be respected, to recognize our merits, to understand that we are unique and inimitable, we want to be an object of admiration. And there is nothing shameful in this; ambition (not hypertrophied) is the engine of our self-realization. The roots of the significance complex come from childhood, when we were praised for all the porridge we ate, for putting away our toys, for doing our homework well. Each of us feels the need for encouragement and kind, respectful treatment of ourselves. That is why, if a stranger treats us well, without aggression, with understanding, if he helps us in something, then we naturally begin to overestimate him. And, as in the mistake of superiority, we will advance trust to him, without delving into the essence of his personality, without understanding his shortcomings. For us, such a person is initially good. And all our future relations with him will be built precisely on these positions. We subconsciously begin to attribute to him positive characteristics and discard possible negative ones. From the above, it logically follows that if a person treats us poorly, biasedly, with prejudice or aggressively, then we will not understand the reasons for such behavior, but will simply form a negative opinion. And we will build further relations based on this assessment. We will stubbornly ignore it positive aspects. In the future, it will be quite difficult for this person to overcome the negative barrier created by the first impression of him when meeting him.
• 3. The attractiveness bug The effect of this factor in human perception is that under its influence, some qualities of a person are overestimated or underestimated by other people. The operating pattern of this factor is such that if we like a person (outwardly), then at the same time we tend to consider him smarter, better, more interesting, etc., that is, again, to overestimate many of his personal characteristics.

For example, in the experiment, teachers were asked to evaluate the “personal affairs” of students and were tasked with determining the level of intelligence, plans for the future, and relationships with peers. The secret of the experiment was that the same case was given for evaluation, but with different photographs - “beautiful” and “ugly” children. Beautiful children received a higher assessment of their capabilities.

These data were confirmed in the experiment of the American psychologist A. Miller, who, using the method expert assessments, selected photographs of “beautiful”, “ordinary” and “ugly” people. He then showed these photographs to the subjects. In their assessment, the “beautiful” were superior to the “ugly” in all respects.

Numerous studies show that physical attractiveness influences assessment not only when its object is personality traits, but also when a specific result of a person’s activity is assessed. In confirmation of this, A.A. Bodalev gives the following example. Young people were asked to evaluate an essay written by a woman whose portrait was attached (in some groups of subjects a portrait was used beautiful woman, in others - ugly). This essay was rated more highly when it was believed that it was written by a beautiful woman.

So, the more externally attractive a person is to us, the better he seems in all other respects; if he is unattractive, then his other qualities are underestimated.

But everyone knows that in different time different things were considered attractive that different nations their canons of beauty. This means that attractiveness cannot be considered only an individual impression, it is more of a social nature. Therefore, signs of attractiveness should be sought first of all not in this or that eye shape or hair color, but in social significance one or another characteristic of a person. After all, there are those approved and disapproved by society or a particular social group types of appearance. And attractiveness is nothing more than the degree of approximation to the type of appearance that is maximally approved by the group to which we belong. A sign of attractiveness is a person's effort to look socially approved. The mechanism of perception formation according to this scheme is the same as with the superiority factor.

It is important to emphasize that the attractiveness factor strongly influences the content of the emerging idea of ​​a person only at the moment of forming the first impression. In the future, the evaluation of this person increasingly begins to be determined by the nature of interaction with him and the value of his deeds and actions.

“They meet you by their clothes, they see you off by their mind,” says an old Russian proverb. But of course, our first impression of another person is influenced not only by his suit, dress, and their various elements. All appearance the perceived person - facial expressions, gestures, demeanor, voice - is formed in us into a certain image. We make conclusions about the intentions and motives of this person, his emotions, attitudes, personality traits.

The first meeting with a new person, getting to know him already leads to the formation of some impression about him. The significance of such an impression is important. Depending on it, we react appropriately to this meeting, take certain actions. Based on the first impression, subsequent contacts between participants in a given social situation are made (or not made).

There is experimental data showing a connection between assessments of the perceived person’s appearance and assessments of his personal properties (Panferov, 1968). 23 students acted as subjects humanities faculties. Through an epidiascope, they were shown a photograph of a human face for 30 seconds. After this, the subjects had to decide whether they liked the appearance of the person being presented. They had to make the same judgment regarding personality traits this person. In total, three answers were offered for the “like” category: 1) “like”, 2) “don’t like”, 3) “indifferent”. The assessment of appearance based on these three types of responses may or may not coincide with the assessment of personality traits. Of the 414 possible answers, 302 estimates matched, i.e. 73%. The correlation coefficient between these estimates was 0.92. Thus, the results of the experiment showed that during the first impression of one person about another, which arose on the basis of the perception of appearance only, a tendency appears for assessments of the personal properties of the perceived person to depend on the assessment of his appearance.

Experiment V.N. Panferova also showed that the same face, as a rule, is perceived in the same way by many subjects. Hence the conclusion is drawn about the existence of a unified social interpretation various types individuals (of course, within a relatively homogeneous socio-demographic group). Obviously, as Panferov notes, a person who receives positive assessments based only on the perception of his appearance will have advantages in the positive attitude of other people towards him over a person who receives negative assessments on the same basis.

The role of appearance and behavior when meeting a stranger for the first time is well demonstrated by the following experiment by A.A. Bodaleva. A group of adult subjects were asked to describe in writing a stranger who appeared in front of them several times. The first time, the stranger only slightly opened the door to the room where the subjects were, looked for something with his eyes and, saying: “Excuse me,” closed the door. Another time he went in there and stood silently. For the third time, the stranger walked around the room, looked at the notes of one of the subjects, shook his finger at the girl who wanted to talk to a neighbor at that moment, looked out the window and left. Returning to the room again, he masterfully began to read the fable. Finally, at the last time the stranger appeared before the subjects, they were allowed to ask him any questions, except those that would require him to answer directly about his own personality traits. The intervals before these sessions were three minutes. stranger was in the field of view of the subjects for the first time for ten seconds, for the second, third and fourth times - for one minute each, for the last time - for five minutes.

The data obtained showed that the number of statements made by subjects about certain aspects of a person’s appearance and behavior, former target perceptions turned out to be different at different stages of acquaintance with him. At the very first stages, the subjects perceived mainly the features of his external appearance. Almost all of the subjects' statements about the personality traits of the observed person and the impression he made on them fell on the fourth and fifth stages. The last stage of acquaintance with the perceived person involved the greatest number of judgments about his mental properties. Your attitude towards this person most of The subjects were able to formulate again at the last stage of the meeting with him.

So, it has been demonstrated that the very first impression is due to signs that the best way expressed in the appearance of the perceived person. As for the interests, tastes, outlook, and affections of the stranger, the subjects were able to draw some conclusions about them only after he read the fable and answered a series of questions. In the same experiment it was discovered that individual differences between people are manifested not only in their powers of observation, an indicator of which can be quantitative data on the subjects’ perception of the appearance and behavior of a stranger. The subjects assessed the person they perceived differently and expressed different attitudes towards him. So, some found him cute, others had the opposite opinion. Some did not express their attitude towards the stranger in any way. The data obtained indicate that the formation of an image of another person based on the first impression also depends on the personality characteristics of the subject of perception. Moreover, such an image always contains inaccuracies, and any assessment of personality traits and its emotional state may turn out to be a hasty generalization (Bodalev, 1970).

There is experimental data (Bodalev, 1983) showing that when we form an opinion about the personality traits of a person whom we see for the first time, the overall aesthetic expressiveness of this person’s appearance and, in particular, the degree to which his physical appearance corresponds to our ideal is of considerable importance beauty. Thus, people whose faces, in the opinion of competent judges, are beautiful, received higher ratings from subjects on all personality traits considered than people whom the same judges considered ugly. The products of people with an attractive appearance are also rated more highly.

Big number Research conducted in the United States shows that a highly attractive person is more likely to receive job recommendations after an interview, be considered an effective mental health consultant, and even receive a favorable grade on a writing assignment.

However, as Bodalev notes, the “beauty effect” strongly influences the content of the emerging concept of personality only at the moment of formation of the first impression. In the future, the assessment of this person by other people increasingly begins to be determined by other factors, primarily character interpersonal interaction. Available data also show that the first impression of a person can be influenced by the characteristics of his physique, the posture he adopts, the direction of his gaze, the characteristics of his voice and speech, etc.

Along with what has been said, our first impression of a person is also subject to the effect of the sequence of information coming to us, characterizing this person. Let us turn to the experiment conducted by E. Luchins (Luchins, 1957) on four groups of subjects. Group E was presented with the following text, describing a certain Jim as a rather friendly and extroverted person.

Jim left the house to buy some notepaper, and, accompanied by two friends, he walked along the sunlit street, rejoicing.

warmth. Jim entered the office supply store, which was full of people. Jim spoke to the acquaintance, waiting for the salesman to meet his gaze. On his way back, he stopped to chat with a school friend who had just entered the store. After leaving the store, he walked towards the school. On this way he met a girl whom he had met the night before. They talked for a while and then Jim went to school.

Group I was presented with a text describing Jim in a more introverted manner.

When classes ended, Jim left the classroom alone. Leaving school, he began his long journey home. The street was filled with bright sunlight. Jim walked along the shady side of the street, which went downhill. Once at the bottom of the street, he saw a pretty girl whom he had already met the night before. Jim crossed the street and entered the candy store. It was filled with students, and Jim noticed several familiar faces. He waited calmly until the salesman caught his eye, and then he placed his order. Taking the drink, he sat down at the table. Having finished drinking, he went home.

The EI group was given a combined description, in which the description of E preceded the description of I. The IE group was also given a combined description, but in which the description of I preceded the description of E. Subjects were asked to write a few lines in which they had to reflect their impression of Jim and predict his behavior in a variety of social situations. In the resulting descriptions, the frequency of mentioning features characteristic of extraversion and introversion was calculated.

It was found that the sequence of presentation of the descriptions E and I determined the subjects' impression of Jim. As the table shows, the EI group tended to produce predominantly extraverted descriptions, although not as specific as those in the E group. The IE group tended to produce predominantly introverted descriptions, although not as specific as those in the I group.

Federal Agency for Education

Federal State educational institution higher professional education

"SOUTH FEDERAL UNIVERSITY"

Psychology faculty

Department of Social Psychology

Project assignment

Features of the formation of the first impression.

Completed by a 2nd year student, 3rd grade.

Emelyanova Marina

Rostov-on-Don

How are first impressions formed?

IN Everyday life, in a work and non-work environment, every person meets new people. In many cases, based on short-term perceptions alone, we evaluate these people and choose what seems to us the most reasonable way of behavior and action in relation to each of them. In all such cases, we are dealing with the so-called first impression and with acts of behavior based on it.

The process of perceiving a person by a person is important stage in construction interpersonal communication. Many theoretical and applied research conducted both here and abroad. Special attention These works focus on the phenomenon of first impression formation, which is quite long time plays the role of a peculiar psychological attitude to the individual.

The first impression is a complex psychological phenomenon that includes sensory, logical and emotional components. It always includes certain features of the appearance and behavior of the person who turns out to be the object of knowledge. The first impression also contains more or less conscious and generalized value judgments. Finally, it is always present emotional attitude to the person who was the subject of perception and evaluation. Research by various scientists suggests that to form a first impression a person only needs from a few seconds (40 seconds) to several minutes (2-4 minutes). Although first impressions can often be deceiving, we often judge other people by them.

The formation of the first impression is influenced by several factors:

Characteristics of a person’s external appearance. Appearance design (including clothing style, hairstyle).

Human expression (experienced or transmitted emotional states).

Behavior.

Perceived personality traits.

Some psychological personal characteristics the perceiving person.

Established stereotypes and standards regarding the ideals of appearance and behavior;

Based on the above, we can conclude that appearance and behavior play a leading role in forming the first impression of a person. Seeing a beautiful “cover”, a person subconsciously attributes to it the presence of worthy content.

Personality characteristics of the perceiving person

Although the first impression of a person is primarily determined by his inherent characteristics, what it will be - more generalized or more specific, complete or fragmentary, positive or negative - depends on the personality of the one from whom it is formed. There is a pattern here: “ External reasons act through internal conditions... Every mental phenomenon is ultimately determined by external influences, but any external influence determines a mental phenomenon only indirectly, refracted through properties, states and mental activity the individual who is exposed to this influence"

It is interesting to determine exactly what factors in the subject’s personality determine the course and results of the formation of his impressions of other people.

Standards

Each person, under the influence of the society of which he is a member, develops general moral and aesthetic requirements for other people and creates more or less specific standards that embody these requirements. When one person knows another, these standards play the role of “measures”, which, figuratively speaking, are applied to the person being cognized and make it possible to attribute this person to some kind of “class” in the system of “types” that has been formed by the cognizing subject.

Stereotypes

A person - a subject of cognition of other people - can always identify “sets” of qualities that he tends to attribute to those persons whose “class”, as it seems to him, has been established by him. This phenomenon of “attributing” entire “sets” of certain qualities to a cognizable personality on the basis of attributing it, according to the qualities seen in it, to some “class” of persons is called “stereotyping”, and “sets of qualities that a person “attributes” to the personality he cognizes, - “evaluative stereotypes”. Translated from Greek, “stereotype” means “solid imprint.” These are images or ideas that are persistently preserved in the mind, which are an emotionally charged prejudice or a stable assessment.

externally attractive people appear confident, friendly, successful, energetic, balanced and happy. No matter how unfair it may be in many cases, beautiful people They are also considered refined and richer spiritually than ugly people. (So, even the same handwriting is considered more beautiful, provided that it belongs to an attractive person). Biased judgments lead to the fact that nice children are much more likely to forgive pranks and “simply cannot be angry with them” compared to ordinary children.

Being plump makes a person more mature in the eyes of others, thinness makes a person look younger.

Facial expression and gaze play a big role. So, if a person looks with a direct, long and open gaze, he is credited with self-confidence and a tendency to lead. Moreover, if a woman is endowed with such a look, she is tended to be considered attentive to other people.

If a person looks at others briefly, sideways, quickly moving his gaze, those who perceive him evaluate him as a shy, insecure person.

Of course, when assessing a person, his pantomime is also examined, various characteristics voices, smells

Projection

Research has shown that in the process of forming the first impression, the process of “projection” is involved, which consists in the fact that the cognizing subject can “invest” his states in another person, attributing to him traits that are actually inherent in himself and which the person being assessed may not have.

In a study by Feshback and Singer, student subjects were subjected to mild electrical shocks that caused discomfort. At the same time, these subjects, as well as the students who made up the control group, were shown a movie in which a certain person appeared. All subjects were required to evaluate the personality traits of this person and, if possible, evaluate his condition. As a result, it turned out that the groups of subjects exposed to electrical stimulation rated the person on the screen as more fearful and frightened than did the subjects in the control group.

Sears in his experiments identified a slightly different type of “projection”. According to him, a person, assessing another person, can see and actually sees traits that can be negative and characterize him as a personality. Subjects whose personalities were marked by bile, stubbornness, and suspicion rated the development of these traits in the person they proposed for assessment much higher. What did the subjects who did not have the named traits do?

The tendency to attribute one's own qualities or eigenstates other people is especially strongly expressed in persons characterized by low self-criticism and poor penetration into own personality. According to Newcomb, this tendency is to a very large extent characteristic of representatives of the so-called “authoritarian” personality type and is almost not found in representatives of the “democratic” type.

Self confidence

The completeness and nature of the assessment of another person also depend on such quality of the assessor as the degree of his self-confidence.

Bossom and Maslow, studying how a person's level of confidence affects his assessment of other people, found that confident people often evaluate other people as friendly and disposed towards them. At the same time, people who are not confident in themselves tend to look at other people as not being cold and not disposed towards them.

Conclusion.

You can make an impression on a person in just 4 seconds, and then fight with him for 4 years if this impression turns out to be negative. So, the first idea about him, formed on the basis of short-term contact with a person, is a complex psychological process. At the same time, the formation of the first impression is influenced not only by certain characteristics of the personality, which is the object of cognition, but also personal qualities the cognizing, perceiving person: these are the formed “standards”, and the stereotypes fixed in the mind, and the degree of self-confidence of the person, and his habitual attitude towards people.

In order to appear in the eyes of people as a person with a large set of positive qualities, you can use such techniques as self-presentation and self-presentation of superiority (self-confidence), self-presentation of attractiveness, self-presentation of attitude (it is recommended to use the “Golden Rule” of morality, self-presentation of the current state and reasons for behavior “It’s not my fault...”, “It just so happened.” ...”, “I should have ...” - these and similar expressions try to attract the attention of the interlocutor to those reasons for behavior that we consider the most acceptable.

If you want to better understand your interlocutor, you cannot ignore how he tries to present himself. Clothes and behavior speak volumes about this. In any case, no matter how it manifests itself, self-presentation conveys inner mood this or that person. When forming an opinion about a person based on a first impression, it is important to remember that the first knowledge does not give an accurate picture of a person and no one is immune from mistakes. You should not judge people too categorically based on their first impression.

The teacher of the military gymnasium, collegiate registrar Lev Pustyakov, lived next to his friend, Lieutenant Ledentsov. It was to the latter that he directed his steps on New Year’s morning.
“You see, what’s the matter, Grisha,” he said to the lieutenant after the usual Happy New Year greetings.

Composition

What is a person? Maybe his appearance and habits, or maybe his thoughts and actions? What is the truly important criterion in this very concept? And are external attributes an indicator of a person’s true importance? The problem of false values ​​is considered in his text by A.P. Chekhov.

The writer, not without a share of his characteristic irony, together with us examines the image of a hero with a telling surname and draws the reader’s attention to several important details. Before appearing at a dinner with a noble merchant, Pletyakov asked a familiar lieutenant for an order for a while in order to appear in the eyes of other guests as a more worthy and even influential official. However, A.P. Chekhov immediately clarifies that Pustyakov made his request “stammering, blushing and timidly looking back at the door.” At the dinner itself, the hero is in constant worry that his colleague in the service will suspect him of lying and tell everyone about true origin order, however, Tramblan’s stigma also turned out to be in the cannon, which calmed both. As a result, Pustyakov proudly wore someone else’s order on his chest, regretting only that he had not taken something more significant instead, for example, Vladimir, and not Stanislav. “Only this one thought tormented him. Otherwise he was completely happy.”

Of course, A.P. Chekhov ridicules the image of those people who strive to show themselves as individuals that they really are not, using the lowest techniques. The author believes that the significance of a person is not embodied in his external attributes, and not in his ability to hold in the right hand cutlery. The measure of true human worth is those who are much higher in moral and morally things.

I fully support the writer's point of view. Indeed, the indicator of a person is the depth of his thoughts and moral principles, the purity of his aspirations and the firmness and steadfastness of his thoughts. Yes, of course, the shell can say a lot about a person - but what’s the point if the content lags behind and is far from matching? One has only to remember a quote from one of William Shakespeare’s plays: “...Only that which is empty within thunders.”

A good example of an indicator of false values ​​is the story of I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco". The entire society of the highest hold of the ship "Atlantis" literally shines with its wealth, as well as the need to judge by wealth, to live with money and for the sake of money. So the Mr. from San Francisco himself, having lived his whole life with one single goal - to accumulate wealth, and at the same time to gain fame and at least some kind of fame in narrow circles, suddenly dies, unable to enjoy these “values”. This hero is on by example demonstrated that in the pursuit of wealth, the most important thing that makes a person such is lost: love, mercy and spirituality, as well as sincere, timely joy of life.

In the novel by N.V. Gogol’s “Dead Souls” also runs through the idea that the pursuit of false values ​​leads to moral degradation. And all those " dead Souls“, which the author reveals to us in the brightest colors, become a good example of this. Thus, Manilov, Korobochka, Sobakevich, and Nozdryov are surrounded by their own sins, weaknesses and prejudices, based on which they judge themselves and those around them. One considers true values own wealth, the other is hoarding, the third is hypocrisy and pretense, and each of them misses behind this whole screen the main point human life and the main, only human values.

Thus, we can conclude that external attributes are not a measure of true human worth. All the most valuable things are inside us - you can’t touch it, it’s often even difficult to describe, but you can feel it.