Losses of British ships in the Second World War. Vi

VYFCHB ЪB tPDYOH

iPFS KhFTPN 10 NBS 1940 ZPDB PFOPYEOYS lPTPMECHUFChB oidetmbodshch U EZP UPUEDSNY VSCHMY, RP PZHYGYBMSHOPNH CHSTBTTSEOYA, "OPTNBMSHOSCHNY", UPVShchFYS OEDBMELPZP RTPYMPZP OBUFPTB CYCHBMY. fP CHSHCHOKHDIMP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP lPTPMECHUFCHB OYDETMBODSCH PFNEOIFSH CHUE KHCHPMSHOOYS CH PPTTHTSEOOSHI UIMBI Y RTYCHEUFY YI CH UPUFPSOYE RPMOPK VPEZPFPCHOPUFY. vShchM RTYOSF TSD DTHZYI NO RPDZPFPCHLY L PVPTPOE.

h RETCHSHCHI YUYUMBI NBS ZETNBOULYK CHPEOOSHCHK BFFBYE CH zBBZE OE TB ЪBSCHMSM, YuFP VETMYO OE CH UPUFPSOY RPOSFSH, RPYUENH zPMMBODYS UPYUMB OEPVIPDYNSCHN RTPCHPDYFSH FBLYE YUTE CHSHCHYUBKOSCHE CHPEOOSH RTYZPFPCHMEOYS, LBL CHPCHEDEOYE ЪBZTBTSDEOOK ABOUT CHUEI DPTPZBI, CHEDHEYI PF ZTBOIG, KHUFBOPCHMEOYE ЪBRBMPCH CH ZHZBUOSHI ЪBTSDBI, TBOEE ЪБМПЦеOOШЧ UFTBFEZYUUEULY CHBTSOSCHI NPUFBI, NBULYTPCHLB MEFOSCHI RPMEC Y BCHFPDPTPZ Y FPNH RPDPVOPE.

CHEWETPN 9 NBS VSHMP RPMHYUEOP UPPVEEOYE P FPN, UFP ABOUT UMEDHAEE KhFTP OBYUOEFUS OBUFHRMEOYE ABOUT ъBRBDOPN ZhTPOFE U GEMSHA ЪBICHBFB zPMMBODYY VEMSHZYY.

TBOP KHFTPN 10 NBS RTYYMY UPPVEEOYS U OBVMADBFEMSHOSHI RPUFPCH CH TBMYUOSCHI DYUFTYLFBI, ZPCHPTSEYE PV KHUIMEOYY BLFYCHOPUFY OENEGLPK BCHYBGYY OBD ZPMMBODULPK FETTYFPTYEK. CHUE EEE PUFBCHBMBUSH UMBVBS OBDETSDB OB FP, YuFP RTPYUIPDSEEE VSHMP CHUEZP MYYSH EE PDOYN CHPRYAEIN OBTHYEOYEN ZPMMBODULPZP OEKFTBMYFEFB, Y YuFP OBUFHRMEOYE CHUE CE OE VHDEF OB YuBFP. pDOBLP YUETE YUEFCHETFSH YUBUB RPUFKHRYMB YOZHPTNBGYS P VPNVBTDYTPCHLE CHPEOOSCHI BTPPDTPNPCH CH YYRIPME, chBBMIBCHOE, VETZEOY DE LPE. CHULPTE RPUME LFPPZP OENEGLYE CHPKULB RPMKHYUMY RTYLB RETEUEYUSH ZPMMBODULHA ZTBOYGH CH OEULPMSHLYI NEUFBI. ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIK UHIPRHFOSHNYY NPTULYYUYMBNY OYDETMBODPCH DBM RTYLB TBTHYYFSH NPUFSHCHY DPTPZY UFTBFEZYUEULPK CHBTSOPUFY.

oEURTPChPGYTPCHBOOBS BFBLB fTEFSHESP TEKIB RTPFYCH DTHCEUFCHEOOP OBUFTPEOOOPZP lPTPMECHUFCHB ODETMBODSH OBYUBMBUSH VEJ RTEDYASCHMEOYS LBLYI-MYVP FTEVPCHBOYK.

ZETNBOULYK RPUPM, LPFPTSCHK RTYVSHCHM CH NYOYUFETUFCHP YOPUFTBOOSCHI DEM YUETE FTY YUBUB RPUME OYUBMB CHFPTTSEOYS, RTEDUFBCHYM OPFKH UCHPEZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB. h OEK KHFCHETTSDBMPUSH, YFP ZETNBOYS HJOBMB P OBNETEOYSI UPAYOYLPCH BFBLLPCHBFSH ZETNBOULYK TEKI, YURPMSHQHS FETTYFPTYA zPMMBODYY U UPZMBUYS ZPMMBODULPZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCH B. ZETNBOULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP, RTDPDPMTSBM PO, L UPTSBMEOYA CHSCHOKHTSDEOP PLLHRYTPCHBFSH zPMMBODYA OP OBDEEFUS, YuFP UFTBOB OE VHDEF URPTPPHYCHMSFSHUS.

fP MTSYCHPE ЪBSCHMEOYE, UDEMBOOPE YUETE FTY YUBUB RPUME FPZP, LBL ZPMMBODULYE CHPPTHTSEOOSCH OBYUBMY PFTBTSBFSH OBRBDEOYE, RPMKHYYMP EDYOUFCHEOOP CHPNPTSOSHCHK PFCHEF. ZETNBOULYK RPUPM ЪBSCHYM, UFP OYDETMBODSCH UBNY TEYYMYY CHPECHBFSH U ZETNBOYEK.

ZETNBOULPE CHFPTTSEOYE OBYUBMPUSH 10 NBS H 3:00 U VPNVBTDYTPCHLY Y RKHMENEFOSHI PVUFTEMPCH CHPEOOSCHI BTPDTPNPCH. lPOYUOP TSE, CH GEMSI RTEDPUFPTPTTSOPUFY CHPEOOSH UBNPMEFSH VSHMY KHVTBOSH YЪ BOZBTTPCH. nBYYOSCH UFPSMY TBUUTEDPFPYOOOSCH RP RETYNEFTKH MEFOSCHI RPMEC, B FBLCE CHDPMSH ZMBCHOSHI YPUUE Y ABOUT OBRBBUOSHI RPUBDPUOSHI RMPEBDLBY, NEUFPOBIPTSDEOOYE LPFPTSCHI DETSBMPUSH CH UELTEFE. rПФПНХ ВПНВБТДИТПЧЛБ КОЗБТПЧ OE YNEMB UETSHESHI RPUMEDUFCHYK. pDOBLP PVUFTEM UBNPMEFPCH, LPFPTSCHE L OUYUBUFSH, PFLTSCHFP UFPSMY ABOUT ENMA, CHCHCH NOPZIE YI OYI YYUFTPS.

rPDTBBDEMEOYS PITBOSH BTPPDTPNPCH RPOEUMY OBYUYFEMSHOSH RPFETY PF CHPDHYOSCHI BFBL Y ZETNBOULYI RBTBYAFYUFPCH, LPFPTSCHE VSHMY UVTPEOSCH CH TBKPOE BTPDTPNPCH chBMLEOVHTZ, ьKRE OVHTZ Y pLEOVHTZ. MEFOSH RPMS ЪDEUSH PLBBBMYUSH CH THLBI CHTBZB, LPFPTSHCHK OENEDMEOOOP KHVTBM RTERSFUFCHYS Y RTYCHEM CHMEFOSHCH RPMPUSH CH TBVPYUEE UPUFPSOYE.

vPMSHYPE LPMYUEUFCHP ZETNBOULYI CHPKUL VSHMP DPUFBCHMEOP FTBOURPTFOSHNY UBNPMEFBNY, RPFPNH zBBZB, NEUFP RTEVSCCHBOYS LPTPMECHSHCH, HTSE CH 5 YUBUPCH KhFTB VSHMB PLTHTSEOB OBYU YFEMSHOSCHNY CHTBTSEULINY UYMBNY, Y UPPVEEOYS ZPTPDB U PUFBMSHOPK UFTBOPK PLBBBMYUSH RPD UETSHOPK KHZTPЪPK. ъBFEN OENGSCH RPRSCHFBMYUSH ЪBRKHZBFSH OBUEMEOYE zBBZY, OP VEKHUREYOP. TBOP KhFTPN NOPTSEUFChP UBNPMEFPCH, RTPOPUYCHYIUS OBD LTSCHYBNY zBBZY, UVTPUYMY ЪBTSYZBFEMSHOSH VPNVSH O UECHETOKHA YUBUFSH ZPTPDB. zhKHZBUOSCH VPNVSH KHRBMY CHVMYY YFBV-LCHBTFYTSCH ZHMPFB CH vBDIEKU-CHEZE. dTHZIE UBNPMEFSH PVUFTEMYCHBMY TSYMSCHE DPNB, RTEOEVTEZBS CHPEOOOSCHNY PVYAELFBNY. OBRTYNET, YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHK RPUEMPUOSCHK RTYZPTPD nBTMPF RPDCHETZUS FBLPNH LPMYUEUFCHH BFBL U CHPDHIB, YuFP NOPZYE TSYFEMY RPZYVMY CH UCHPYI DPNBI.

vShchMY UVTPEOSCH OENEGLYE MYUFPCHLY, PVCHEDEOOSCH PTBOTSECHPK LBKNPK, LPFPTSCHE ABOUT RMPIPN ZPMMBODULPN SJSHLE ЪBSCHMSMY, YuFP zBBZB PLTHCEOB NPZKHYYYNY OENEGLYNY UYMBNYY RP FPNKH MAVPE URPTPPHYCHMEOYE VHDEF VEURPMEOSHCHN. h 10:00 UOPCHB OBYUBMYUSH UYMSHOSH CHETCHCHSHCH, chYZHMEENULBS VPMSHOYGB Y OPCHSHCHE LBJBTNSCH bMELUBODTTB RPMHYUYMY RPRBDBOYS.

RETCHPK ЪBDБУЭК ЗПММБОПУЛПЗП зЭОЭТБМШОПЗП YFBVB VSHMP PRTEDEMYFSH, ZDE TSE CHTBZ OBOUEEF UCHPK ZMBCHOSCHK HDBT. uPVYTBEFUS MY PO ЪBICHBFYFSH Y PLLLHRYTPCHBFSH CHUA UFTBOKH YMY EZP OBNETEOYE FPMSHLP RTPKFY YUETE ATSOSH RTPCHYOGYY? CHULPTE VSHHMY RPMKHYUEOSCH UPPVEEOYS, YJ LPFPTSCHI SCHOP UMEDPCHBMP, YuFP OENGSH RETEUELMY CHPUFPYUOKHA ZTBOYGKH PF DEO dPMMBTDB ABOUT ACCOUNTING DP nBBUFTYIFB ABOUT AZ. rPFPNH ZPMMBODULINE UYMBN VSHMP RTYLBYBOP PFTBYFSH:

1. chTBTSEULYK HDBT ABOUT ACCOUNTING CHDPMSH ZMBCHOPK DBNVSH YEKDET-EE, LPFPTSCHK Refinery KhZTPsBFSH UETDGH UFTBOSHCH.

2. CHTBTSELKHA BFBLKH ABOUT GEOFTBMSHOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY ABOUT ZTEVVE Y DBMEE ABOUT PVPPTPOYFEMSHOKHA UYUFENKH LBOBMPCH.

3. oENEGLYK HDBT YETE ATSOSCHE RTPCHYOGYY mYNVHTZ Y UECHETOSCHK vTBVBOF CH ORTTBCHMEOYY VEMSHZYY YEMBODIY, B FBLCE BFBLY NPUFPCH nPKETDILB.

EDYOUFCHEOOSCHNY CHPKULBNY, PUFBCHMEOOOSCHNY CH TEETCHE, PLBBBMBUSH RETCHBS BTNYS, DYUMPGYTPCHBOOBS CH UECHETOPK Y ACOPK ZPMMBODY Y KHDETTSYCHBAEBS PVPTPOPYFEMSHOHA MYOYA CHD PMSH ZPMMBODULPZP RPVETETSSHS. pOB DPMTSOB VSHMB KHLPNRMELFPCHBFSH MADSHNY ZPMMBODULYE PVPPTPOYFEMSHOSHE UPPTHTSEOYS CHDPMSH LBOBMPCH, EUMY rPMECHBS BTNYS VHDEF CHSCHOKHTSDEOB PFUFHRYFSH. lPZDB LFP RTPYЪPKDEF, rPMECHHA BTNYA UMEDPCHBMP RETEZHPTNYTPCHBFSH RPBDY FBL OBSCHCHBENPK chPDOPK MYOYY, YUFPVSH RTDPDPMTSYFSH VPK.

lBL RPLBBM RPCHPTPF UPVShchFYK, CHSHRPMOYFSH FY RMBOSH PLBBBMPUSH OECHPNPTSOP. RETCHBS BTNYS KhChSЪMB CH VPSI U RBTBYAFOSCHNYI ChPЪDKHYOP-DEUBOFOSHNY CHPKULBNY, LPFPTSHCHE ЪBRPMPOYMY CHUE PLTEUFOPUFY zBBZY Y tPFFETDBNB. lTPNE FPZP, CHPKULBN RTYYMPUSH YNEFSH DEMP U "RSFPK LPMPOOPK", RPDOSCHYEK ZPMPCHH CH LFPN TEZYPOE.

CHPEOOSH PRETBGYY U UBNPZP OBYUBMB VSCHMY ЪBFTKhDOESCH DEKUFCHYSNY CHTBTSEULYI RBTBYAFYUFPCH, UVTPEOOOSCHI RPUBBDY ZMBCHOSCHI PVPPTPOYFEMSHOSCHI MYOYK. ZETNBOULYE OBNETEOYS VSHMY SUOSCH. OENGSH OE FPMSHLP IPFEMY ЪBICHBFIFSH TEYDEOGYA RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB Y zMBCHOPZP LPNBODPCHBOYS, OP FBLCE RMBOYTPCHBMY RETETEBFSH LPNNHOILBGYY NETSDH RPDZPPFPCHMEOOOPK PV PTPOYFEMSHOPK RPYGYEK CH ZPMMBODYY Y VEMSHZYEK, YЪPMYTPCHBCH FBLYN PVTBBPN ZPMMBODULYE CHPKULB PF UYM UPA'OILPC ABOUT AZ. oENEGLYE DEUBOFOILY, CHCHUBDYCHYYEUS TBOP KhFTPN 10 NBS U ZYDTPUBNMEFPCH, ЪBICHBFYMY DCHB NPUFB CH tPFFETDBNE YueteЪ ufbtshchk nBBU Y YUETE zPMBODYE dYR. chTBZ FBLCE UNPZ ЪBICHBFYFSH BTPPDTPN chBBMIBCHEOB, LPFPTSCHK RPЪCHPMSM ENKH RETEVTBUSHCHBFSH UADB RP ChP'DKHIKH OBYUYFEMSHOSH RPDLTERMEOYS.

rPMOBS OEPTSYDBOOPUFSH CHP'DKHYOPK BFBLY PVETOKHMBUSH LTHROSHCHN KHUREYPN. aTSOSCHK VETEZ TELY nBBU CH tPFFETDBNE PUFBCHBMUS CH OENEGLYI THLBI, IPFS RETCHBS BTNYS UKHNEMB RPUME PTSEUFPYUEOOOPZP VPS U VPMSHYYYYNY RPFETSNY PFVYFSH X RTPFPYCHOILB FTY BTPDTPN B CHPLTHZ zBBZY Y PYUYUFYFSH PLTEUFOPUFY ZPTPDB PF CHTBTSEULYI RBTBIAFYUFPCH.

fBL LBL UPRTPFYCHMEOYE CH GEOFTE UFTBOSH PLBBBMPUSH UIMSHOEEE, YUEN PTSYDBMP ZETNBOULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE, FHDB VSHMY RPUREYOP DCHYOHFSH RPDLTERMEOYS. UOPCHB VSHMY UVTPEOSCH DEUBOFSH CHPLTHZ zBBZY, PE CHTENS PFMYCHB UBNPMEFSCH U CHPKULBNY OBYUBMY RTYENMSFSHUS ABOUT RMSTSBI ATSOEE LBFCHILB (ABOUT RPVETETSSHE UECHETOPZP NPTS).

rPLB CHUE LFP RTPYUIPDYMP, UNJOEG "chBO zBMEO", LPFPTSCHK CHETOHMUS YЪ zPMMBODULPK PUF-YODYY CHUEZP OEULPMSHLP DOEK OBBD, OBRTBCHYMUS CH tPFFETDBN, YUFPVSH RTYOSFSH HYU BUFFIE CH PVPTPOE ZPTPDB. pDOBLP, ЪБНЭФИЧ РТЪНИНМОІИ CHTBTSEULYI UBNPMEFPCH ABOUT RMSTs lBFCHYLB, "CHBO zBMEO" OENEDMEOOOP PFLTSCHM PZPOSH. h TEJHMSHFBFE CHTBTSEULYE RMBOSH VSHMY TBUUFTPEOSCH.

rBTBYAFOSCH CHPKULB CHPLTHZ zBBZY, LPFPTSCHE UNPZMY YVETSBFSH ZYVEMY YMY RMEOEOYS CH RETCHSHCHK DEOSH, VSHCHMY KHYMEOSCH CH OPYUSH 10 NBS, B KHFTPN 11 NBS LOYN CHOPCHSH RTYVSHMP RPDLTERME OYE. sing FBLCE RPMKHYUMY UYMSHOKHA RPDDETTSLH PF "RSFPK LPMPOOSCH", LPFPTBS UFBMB OBNOPZP BLFYCHOEK CH LFPN TBKPOE. OP CH LPOGE LPOGPCH CHPEOOSH Y RPMYGYS UNPZMY KHOYUFPTSYFSH YI CHUEI, YURPMSHЪHS FBOLY Y BTFYMMETYA.

CHSHCHUFTEMSH RTDDPMTSBMY ЪCHHYUBFSH CH TBOSHI YUBUFSI zBBZY, FBL YuFP PVUFBOPCHLB PUFBCHBMBUSH FSTSEMPK, PDOBLP PRBUOPUFSH ЪBICHBFB RTPPFYCHOILPN UFPMYGSH CHTEENOOP PFPDCHY OHMBUSH.

h tPFFETDBNE YFPZY VPTSHVSH VSHMY NEOEE KHDBYUOSCHNY DMS ЪBEYFOILLPCH ZPTPDB. nPUFSH OBD nBBUPN CHTEENOOOP KHDBMPUSH PFVYFSH U RPNPESH NTULYI REIPFYOGECH, NYOPOPUGB Z-5th FPTREDOPZP LBFETB No. 51. pDOBLP CHULPTE CHTBZ UOPCHB ЪBICHBFYM YI. nOPZP CHTBTSEULYI CHPKUL VSHMP CHSHUBTSEOP CH hBBMIBCHOE. rППФПНХ FTEVPCHBMPUSH OH CH LPEN UMKHYUBE OE RPЪCHPMYFSH RTPPHYCHOILKH CHPURPMSHЪPCHBFSHUS LFYN BTPPDTPNPN. OP YЪ-ЪB PTSEUFPYUEOOSCHI VECHSHCHI DEKUFCHYK CH ZBBZE Y PLTEUFOPUFS RETCHBS BTNYS OE NPZMB RETEVTPUIFSH DPUFBFPYUOP BTFYMMETYY DMS PVUFTEMB chBBMIBCHEOB. rPFPNH ABOUT RPNPESH RTYJCHBMY ZHMPF. yЪ dEO iEMDETB VSHM RPUMBO UNJOEG "CHBO zBMEO".

lPTBVMSH ABOUT RPMOPK ULPTPUFY DCHYOHMUS CH IHL CHBO iPMMBOD DMS FPZP, YUFPVSH KHUREFSH CH OSHYCHE CHBFETCHES. oEF OHTSDSCH PVASUOSFSH, UFP RTY LFPN UNJOEG UFBOPCHYMUS NYYEOSHA DMS VPMSHYPZP LPMYUEUFCHB OENEGLYI RILYTPCHEYLPCH. lPTBVMA OE ICHBFBMP NEUFB DMS NBOECHTTB CH KHLPN LBOBME, Y CHULPTE ON RBM TSETFChPK OENEGLYI VPNV.

zPMMBODGSH RPRTPUYMY RAF RTPVPNVYFSH hBBMIBCHEO. BOZMYYUBOE CHSHRPMOYMB UFH RTPUSHVH, UPCHETYBS OBMEFSCH ABOUT BTPPDTPN CH FEYOOYE FTEI RPUMEDHAEYI OPIUEK. yuFPVSH UMPNYFSH URPTPFYCHMEOYE ZPMMBODGECH, OENGSCH RTEDRTYOSMY KHUFTBIBAEKHA VPNVBTDYTPCHLH GEOFTB tPFFETDBNB. zPTPD, LPFPTSCHK OE VSHM UCBLKHYTPCHBO, BFBLLPCHBMP PZTPNOPE LPMYUEUFCHP CHTBTSEULYI UBNPMEFPCH, YUBUFSH EZP LCHBTFBMPCH VSHMB VHLCHBMSHOP UFETFB U MYGB YENMY.

lBL FPMSHLP OENEGLBS BTNYS RETEUELMB ZTBOYGH CH UECHETOPN UELFPTE, RPTFPCHCHE UPPTHTSEOYS CH DEMSHZhFE VSHMY CHPTCHBOSHCH, B CHIPDSCH CH ZBCHBOSH Y DPLY ЪBVMPLYTPCHBOSHCH. chShchRPMOICH bFKH ЪBDBUH, ZPMMBODULYE RPDTBBDEMEOYS DOEN 10 NBS PFUFKHRYMY CH OBRTBCHMEOYY RMPFYOSCH yEKDET-ee. h OPYUSH U 10 ABOUT 11 NBS SING RETEYMY RMPFYOH UPCHNEUFOP U DTHZYNY RPDTBBDEMEOYSNYY UECHETOSCHI RTPCHYOGYK. ъBFEN CHPKULB VSHMY RETEZHPTNYTPCHBOSH CHOKHFTY PVPPTPOYFEMSHOPZP RETYNEFTB ZMBCHOPK NPTULPC VBSHCH DEO IEMDETB Y RPЪDOEE CHUFKHRYMY CH VPK.

ABOUT UMEDHAEIK DEOSH CHTBZ OBYUBM BFBLY, UFTENSUSH RTPTCHBFSHUS L RTEDNPUFOPNH KHLTERMEOYA ABOUT DPTPZE, UPEDYOSAEEK ZMBCHOKHA RMPFYOH YEKDET-YEE U ZHTYUMBODYEK, FBL OBSCHCHBENK ЪBEIFOPK RPЪIGYY ChPOU. ьFPF PRPTOSCHK RHOLF VSHM UPЪDBO RPЪBDY ЪBFPRMEOOSCHY HYUBUFLPCH KhCE RPUME NPVYMYBGYY Y KHDETTSYCHBMUS REIPFOSHNY YUBUFSNY. pDOBLP ZPMMBODGSH YNEMY ЪDEUSH CHUEZP OUEULPMSHLP MEZLYI ЪОйФОСЧИ ПТХДИК TBHNEEFUS, SING OE NPZMY RTPFPYCHPUFPPSFSH UYMBN mAZHFCHBZHZHE. rПФПНХ PVPTPOB VSHMB RTPTCHBOB CH FPF TSE DEOSH, RPUME YuEZP OERTYSFEMSH UNPZ ЪBOSFSH CHPUFPYUOKHA UFPPTPOKH ZMBCHOPK RMPFYOSCH yEKDET-YEE CHRMPFSH DP lPTOCHETDETBODB.

rETCHBS BFBLB ABOUT lPTOCHETDETBOD VSHMB RTEDRTYOSFB 12 NBS. rPUME RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOPZP BTFPVUFTEMB (CHTBTSEULYK PZPOSH ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBJPN VSHM OBRTBCHMEO ABOUT VEFPOOSH DPFSCH) OENEGLBS REIPFB RPRschFBMBUSH YFKHTNPN ChЪSFSH RPYGYA ZPMMBOD GECH. bFBLB VSHMB PFTBTSEOB U VPMSHYYYYYYNYY RPFETSNY DMS RTPFYCHOILB. ABOUT UMEDHAEIK DEOSH OENGSCH UOPCHB BFBLPCBMY lPTOCHETDETBOD, OP PRSFSH VSHMY PFVTPEOSCH OBBD. h LFYI VPSI RTYOSMB BLFYCHOPE KHYBUFYE LBOPOETULBS MPDLB “yPZBO nPTYG CHBO oBUUBH.” ьFPF LPTBVMSH, UFPSCHIYK ABOUT SLPTE CH FELUEMSHUFTKHNE, RETELIDOSCHN PZOEN RPDBCHIM OENEGLHA VBFBTEA, TBURPMPTSEOOKHA ABOUT ZHTYUMBODULPN LPOGE RMPFOSHCH, CH 18 LN PF OEZP.

rPYGYS CH lPTOCHETDETBODE PUFBCHBMBUSH OERTYUFKHROPK, RPLB UYFKHBGYS ABOUT AZE UDEMMBB DBMSHOEKIE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE CH DEO IEMDETE VEURPMEOSHCHN. KHUREYOBS ЪBEIFB RMPFYOSCH ІЭКДЭТ-ее РПЛБЪБМБ FEN, LFP CH LFPN UPNOECHBMUS, YUFP ZPMMBODGSHCH KHNEMSCHE UPMDBFSHCH, LPZDB YNEAF UPCHTENEOOKHA FEIOILH Y PTKHTSIE.

chULPTE RPUME PFTBTSEOYS OENEGLPK BFBLY lPTOCHETDETBODB CHTBTSELPE RPDTBDEMEOYE RPSCHYMPUSH CH NBMEOSHLPK ZBCHBOY CH CHPUFPYUOPK YUBUFY YEKDET-EE. pOP OBYUBMP RPDZPFPCHLH L RETEVTPULE CHPKUL CH UECHETOHA zPMMBODYA RP CHPDE. fBL LBL X ZPMMBODGECH OE VSHMP CHPKUL DMS PVPTPPOSH UECHETOPZP ZHBUB FBL OBSCHCHBENPK "LTERPUFY zPMMBODYS", RETERTBCH CHTBZB UMEDPCHBMP UPTCHBFSH MAVPK GEOPK. ZhMPFYMYS YEKDET-YEE VSHMB RPUREYOP KHYMEOB, CH KHZTPTSBENSCHK TBKPO PFRTBCHYMYUSH 1 NYOPOPUEG, 3 LBOPOETLY FYRB "ZhTYYP" Y 2 FTBMSHAILB FYRB "CHBO DET iBMSHUF".

hTsE UKHEEUFCHHAEBS ЪDEUSH ZHMPFYMYS UPUFPSMB YЪ PDOPK UFBTPK TEUOPK LBOPOETLY Y OEULPMSHLYI LBFETPCH, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHI RKHMENEFBNY. bFB ZHMPFYMYS VSHMB KHYMEOB OEULPMSHLYNY VTYFBOULYNY FPTREDOSCHNY LBFETBNY, LPFPTSHCHE RTYVSHCHMY CH JEKDET-EE UECHETOSHCHN NPTULINE LBOBMPN OPIUSHA 12 NBS. FEN CHTENEOEN ZPMMBODULYE LPTBVMY PVUFTEMSMY OEULPMSHLP ZBCHBOEK Y ЪBFPRYMY RBTPN CH uFBCHPTEOE.

OYLFP Y OE PCYDBM, YUFP LFY DEKUFCHYS RTPKDHF VEBOBLBOBOP, B MAJFCHBZHZHE PUFBOKHFUS RBUUYCHOSCHNY. yЪVETSBFSH RPFETSH OE KHDBMPUSH, OENEGLBS BCHYBGYS RPFPRYMB CHPME ZEMSHDETYE iHL LBOPOETLY "ZHTYIP" Y "vTYOP", OP HUREYOSCH DEKUFCHYS ZHMPFYMY YEKDET-EE RPNEYBMY ZETN BOYY TEBMYPCHBFSH UCHPY RMBOSHCH BFBLY PFLTSCHFPZP CHPUFPYUOPA RPVETETSSHS UECHETOPK zPMMBODYY RETERTBCHPK YUETEYEKDET-EE.

lPTPMECHULIK ZHMPF OYDETMBODPCH HYUBUFCHPCHBM CH VPSI U RTPFYCHOILPN Y ABOUT TEUOPN FEBFTE. chPЪME TEOOOB LBOPOETLB "ZhTEKT" PLBYSCHBMB BTFYMMETYKULHA RPDDETTSLH ZHMBOZKH BTNYY, LPFPTSCHK ЪBEYEBM MYOYA ZTEVE. lPZDB CHTBZ RTPTCHBM bFKH MYOYA, "ZhTEKT" CHETOHMBUSH CH CHTYUCHYL, RPЪDOEE POB RTPYMB YUETE LBOBM NECHEDET CH bNUFETDBN, OP YЪ-ЪB YJCHEUFYS P LBRYFHMSGY LPTBVMSH RT YYMPUSH ЪBFPRYFSH CH YOOET-ҚК CHPЪME PTBOTS MPL.

UTBH RPUME OYUBMB CHFPTTSEOYS 10 NBS OENEGLYE NPTULYE UBNPMEFSCH UVTPUYMY NBZOYFOSCHE NYOSCH ABOUT CHUEI CHBTSOSCHI CHPDOSCHI RHFSI, CHEDHEYI CH UFTBOKH: CH CHYMYOZEOE, pPUFZBFE, OSHYCHE CHBFETCHE ZE, ZBCHBOY yKNEKDEOB, Y TEKDE OSHYCHEDYRB iPFS CHPDOSHE RHFY OE HDBMPUSH RPMOPUFSHA VMPLYTPCHBFSH, RETEDCHYTSEOYE RP OYN LPTBVMEC NPZMP RTPYUIPDYFSH FPMSHLP U VPMSHYYN TYULPN. NYOSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHMY RPNEYBFSH UPA'OILBN RETEVTBUSHCHBFSH CH ZPMMBODYA RPDLTERMEOYS. OENGSH FBLCE OBDESMYUSH, YuFP NOPZIE FPTZPCHSHCHE UKHDB CH ZPMMBODULYI ZBCHBOSI OE UNPZHF HKFY Y RPRBDHF YN CH THLY. BOZMYKULYE Y ZHTBOGKHYULYE FTBMSHAILY, LPFPTSCHE OENEDMEOOOP VSHCHMY PFRTBCHMEOSCH PUYEBFSH LBOBMSCH, RTYVSHCHMY CH ZHMYUUYOZEO HTSE CHYUETPN 10 NBS. vTYFBOULYE FTBMSHAILY OBRTBCHYMYUSH CH tPFFETDBN, YUFPVSC RPRSHCHFBFSHUS PYUYUFYFSH RTPPIPD YUETE OSHYCHE CHBFETCHES, CH TEKHMSHFBFE NOPZYE GEOOSHCH LPTBVMY, OBIPDYCHYEUS CH Z BCBOY, UNPZMY CHSHKFY CH PFLTSCHFPE NPTE Y RTDPDPMTSBFSH VPTSHVKH U CHTBZPN.

oENGSH DEMBMY CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YuFPVSH RPNEYBFSH LFPNKH. lBTsDPE KhFTP RPSCHMSMYUSH CHTBTSEULYE UBNPMEFSHCH Y UVTBUSHCHBMY OPCHSHHE NYOSCH. dChB UHDOB ZPMMBODULYK MPGNBOULYK VPF Y BOZMYKULPE UKHDOP U VETSEOGBNY UFBMY TSETFCHBNY NBZOYFOSCHI NYO, KHCHEMYUYCH YUYUMP RTERSFUFCHYK CH ZBCHBOY tPFFETDBNB. h ьКНЭКДОО РБТПИПД “ТЭУЭМЭТ” RПППТЧБМУС О НБЗОВОПК НОПК НІО, ФП ЦЕ

l OUYUBUFSHHA, UPAYOILY OE NPZMY RTEDPUFBCHYFSH zPMMBODYY DPUFBFPYUOP FTBMSHAILPCH U NBZOYFOSCHNY FTBMBNY, B ZPMMBODULYK ZHMPF CHPPVEE OE YNEM OH PDOPZP FBLPZP LPTBVMS. h TEKHMSHFBFE RETEIPD UKHDPCH YI ZPMMBODULYI ZBCHBOEK H vTYFBOYA VSHM UETSHEOP ЪBFTKHDOEO, B OEULPMSHLP GEOOSCHI LPTBVMEK U YI IPTPYP PVHYUEOOOSCHNY LYRBTSBNY PLB ЪBMYUSH RPFETSOSH.

OENGSH OBDESMYUSH, YuFP YI OBUFHRMEOYE ABOUT ZBBZH RBTBMYHEF RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP zPMMBODYY. eUMY VSC LFP UMHYUMPUSH, FP RPUMEDUFCHYS OE FPMSHLP DMS zPMMBODYY, OP Y DMS zPMMBODULPK CHEUF-YODYY ZPMMBODULPK pUF-YODYY PLBBBMYUSH VSC UETSHESCHNY. rПФПНХ OBGYUFBNY VSHMB RTEDRTYOSFB FEBFEMSHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOBS RPRSHCHFLB UCHETZOKHFSH LPTPMECH CHYMSHZEMSHNYOKH, UINCHPMYYTHAEKHA EDYOUFCHP zPMMBODULPK YNRETYY. UBNPMEFSH PVUFTEMYCHBMY ISHA FEO VPY LPTPMECHULHA TEYDEOGYA CHP'ME zBBZY, CHE UBDSH VSHMY UVTPEOSCH RBTBIAFYUFSHCH. TsYOSH Y UCHPVPDB LPTPMECHSHCH PLBBBMYUSH RPD KHZTPЪPK. lPE-LFP UPCHEFPCHBM EK RETEVTBFSHUS PE DCHPTEG "opPTDEKODE" CH GEOFTE zBBZY. pDOBLP Y ЪDEUSH ee CHEMYUEUFChP OE VSHMB CH VEЪPRBUOPUFY, FBL LBL OYLPMEFSEYE OENEGLYE UBNPMEFSH PWUFTEMYCHBMY LFPF DCHPTEG LBL DP, FBL Y RPUME LPTPMECHULZP RTY VSHCHFYS. oEUNPFTS ABOUT LFP. EE CHEMYUEUFChP URPLLPKOP RTDPDPMTSBMB ЪBOINBFSHUS ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHNY DEMBNY.

TBOP KHFTPN 13 NBS CHPEOOBS PVUFBOPCHLB CHSHZMSDEMB UPCHETYEOOP VEOBDETSOPK. rBDEOYE "lTERPUFY zPMMBODYS" VSHMP RTEDTEYEOP. rПФПНХ FTEVPCHBMPUSH KHVETEYUSH LPTPMECHH Y RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP zPMMBODULPK YNRETYY PF RTPPHYCHOILB. y ЪDEUSH ABOUT RPNPESH RTYYYEM vTYFBOULYK lPTPMECHULYK ZHMPF. хФТПН 13 NBS 1940 ZPDB ee CHEMYUEUFChP CHUPYMY ABOUT VPTF BOZMYKULPZP UNYOGB “IYTHPTD” CH iHL CHBO iPMBODE. oEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH URKHUFS YUMEOSH ZPMMBODULPZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB VSHMY CHSHCHEOSCH YJ FPZP TSE RPTFB ABOUT VPTFKH VTYFBOULPZP UNYOGB "CHYODYPT".

pVUFBOPCHLB ABOUT EARS ABOUT 14 NBS KHIKHDIYMBUSH OBUFPMSHLP, YuFP LBRYFHMSGYA VPMEE OEMSHЪS VSHMP PFLMBDSCHBFSH. lPZDB LFP UFBMP SUOP, ABOUT LPNBODHAYI BTNYEK Y ZHMPFPN THIOHMY FSTSLYE PVSBOOPUFY. bDNYTBM ZHMPFB ZHTUFOET UDEMBM CHUE OEPVIPDYNPE, YUFPVSH ZHMPF Y NPTULBS BCHYBGYS OE RPRBMY CH THLY CHTBZB. dMS NPVYMSHOSHI ZPMMBODULYI NPTULYI UYM CHPKOB RTPFYCH ZETNBOY OE VSHMB PLPOYUEOB, OEUNPFTS ABOUT PLLHRBGYA CHTBZPN YUBUFY FETTYFPTYY ZPUKHDBTUFCHB RHUFSH LFB FETTYFPTY S Y VSHMB UETDGEN zPMMBODULPK YNRETYY. pLLHLHRBGYS zPMMBODYY DBMB ZETNBOYY CHTEOOPE CHMBDEOYE LMPYULPN EARLY, OP OE NPTEN. y LFPF ZBLF YNEM PZTPNOPE OBYEOYE DMS YUIPDDB CHPKOSHCH.

rPFETS OYDETMBODPCH VSHMB LBFBUFTPZHPK, OP zPMMBODYS EEE CHMBDEMB PZTPNOPK JBNPTULPK YNRETYEK, B OENEGLPE CHFPTSEOYE BCHFPNBFYUEULY UDEMBMP CHEMYLPVTYFBOYA UPAOIL PN zPMMBODYY. zPMMBODULYK nPTULPK ZEOETBMSHOSCHK YFBV RTEDCHYDEM CHPNPTSOPUFSH PLLHRBGYY UFTBOSH ZETNBOYEK, Y BDNYTBM ZHTUFOET, LBL OBYUBMSHOIL YFBVB, YЪMPTSYM UCHPY UPPVTBTCE OYS RP bfpnkh RPChPDH Ch NENPTBODHNE NYUFTH PVPTPPOSH. rPUME PLLLHRBGYY UFPMYGSH OENGSCH OBYMY LFPF DPLHNEOF Y YURPMSHЪPCHBMY EZP CH RTPRBZBODIUFULYI GEMSI LBL RPDFCHETTSDEOYE FPZP, YuFP zPMMBODYS ABOUT UBNPN DEME OE VSHMB OEKF TBMSHOPK. pDOBLP OE RPDMETSYF UPNOEOYA, YuFP RETCHSHCHK DPMZ MAVPZP YFBVB HYUEUFSH CHUE CHPNPTSOPUFY. h DEOSH LBRYFHMSGYY, LPFPTBS DPMTSOB VSHMB OBYUBFSHUS h 17:00, ZPMMBODULYK ZHMPF RPLYOKHM ECHTPREKULHA FETTYFPTYA lPTPMECHUFCHB OYDETMBODSCH ЪB OEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH DP FPZP , LBL OENGSCH RPMOPUFSHHA BICHBFYMY EE.

l YUBUFSHA, GCHEF NPTULPZP LBDEFULPZP LPTRKHUB VSCHM RETECHEO CH BOZMYA, ZDE LBDEFSCH CHPPVOPCHYMY UCHPY RTECHBOOSCH ЪBOSFYS CH ЪBZPTPDOPK KHUBDSHVE ChPЪME ZBMNKHFB. h FP CHTENS LBL ZMPF ee CHEMYUEUFCHB PUHEEUFCHMSM HCBLHBGYA, OENEGLYE VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY RTDPDPMTSBMY UCHPY OBUFPKYUCHSCHE BFBLY. PE CHTENS PDOPK YЪ OYI CPЪME ZPMMBODULPZP RPVETETSSHS Ch lBMBOFUPZE VSHMB RPFPRMEOB LBOPOETLB "yPZBO nPTYG CHBO oBUUBKH."

yFBODBTF LPTPMECHULPK NPTULPC REIPFSCH OYDETMBODPCH, ULPTEE CHUEZP, PLBBBMUS RPZTEVEO RPD TBCHBMYOBNYYE OBNEOYFSHCHI LBBBTN CH pPUFRMEKOE, tPFFETDBN. zPMMBODULBS NPTULBS REIPFB DPVMEUFOP UTBTSBMBUSH CH tPFFETDBNE Y dPPTDTEIFE. ьФПЗП УМЭДПЧБМП ЦІДБФШ ПФ УФБТОКОКИЭЗП RPDTBBDEMEOYS CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UYM UFTBOSHCH, LPFPTPPE VSHMP UPЪDBOP CH 1665 ZPDH. EZP LTEUFOSCHNY PFGBNY VSHMY DCHB CHEMYLI ZPMMBODGB BDNYTBM NYIBMSH DE TEKFET Y EZP RPMYFYUEULYK RPNPEOIL SO DE CHYFF. mYYuOSCHK UPUFBCH zPMMBODULPK yNRETULPK NPTULPC REIPFSCH SCHMSMUS RPDMYOOOPK MYFPK CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UYM UFTBOSHCH. EZP NPZMY RPUMBFSH CH MAVHA FPYULH NYTB, RPDOSCH RP FTECHPZE. bFP VSHCHMY IPTPYP PVHYUEOOSH Y RPDCHYTSOSCHE UYMSCH, UPCHETYEOOOP OEPVIPDYNSCHE DMS UPITBOEOYS GEMPUFOPUFY YNRETYY. nPTULYE REIPFYOGSH PLBBBMYUSH OEDPUFBFPYUOP UOBTSSEOSCH L OBYUBMH CHPKOSCH Y DPMTSOSCH VSHMY YDFY CH VPK CH UCHPYI UYOYI LHTFLBI U OBUYEEOOOSCHNY RKHZPCHYGBNY, CHPPTHTSEOOSCH CHYOFPCH LBNY PVTBGB 1895 ZPDB op POY CHSHRPMOYMY UCHPK DPMZ Y RPDDETTSBMY VMBZPTPDODOSHE FTBDYGYY ZPMMBODULPZ ZHMPFB ABOUT EARS Y ABOUT NPTE. sing UPRTPCHPTsDBMY RTYOGEUUH AMYBOKH Y EE DCHPYI DEFEC YUETE TBKPOSH, LYYECHYE OENEGLINY RBTBYAFYUFBNY, CH RPTF uchBLKHBGYY ьKNEKDEO, ZDE 12 NBS RTYOGEUUH U DEFSH NY RTYOSM ABOUT VPTF VTYFBOULYK UNJOEG "lPDTYOSFPO".

OB CHPEOOP-NPTULPC VBJE OSHYCHEDYRB CH RETCHSHCHE DOY CHFPTTSEOYS VSHMB PYUEOSH BLFYCHOB "RSFBS LPMPOOB", KHYMEOOBS UVTPYEOOSCHNYY ЪDEUSH RBTBYAFYUFBNY OP OOETZYUOSHE NETSCH, RTYOS FSHCH ZBTDENBTYOBNY, RPNPZMY KHOYUFPTSYFSH LFPF PYUBZ PRBUOPUFY.

pVPTPOB RMPFYOSH UEKDET-YUBUFYUOP DPMTSOB VSHMB PUHEEUFCHMSFSHUS MYYUOSCHN UPUFBCHPN NEIBOYUEULPK UMKHTSVSH ZPMMBODULPZP ZHMPFB, CHOSFSHCHN U "CHBO UREKLB" UFBTPZP KHYUEV OPZP LPTBVMS VHI LPYUEZBTPC. fY MADI PVKHYUBMYUSH ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN UCHPEK UREGYZHYUEULPK TBVPFE, BOE UKHIPRKHFOPK CHPKOE. pDOBLP POY FPYuOP FBL CE RPLBBBMY UCHPE KHNEOYE CH VPA. NEIBOILY U FSCEMSCHNY RPFETSNY DMS RTPFPYCHOILB RPNPZMY PFVYFSH OUEULPMSHLP RPRSHCHFPL CHTBZB ЪBICHBFIFSH ZMBCHOKHA RMPFYOH YEKDET-YEE. sing RTELTBFYMY PZPOSH FPMSHLP RPUME LBRYFHMSGYY “LTERPUFY zPMMBODYY” Y DEO IEMDETB.

16 NBS ee CHEMYUEUFChP LPTPMECHB CHYMSHZEMSHNYOB OBUBYUMB LPNBODPCHBCHYEZP TBKPOPN EMBODIY UFBTYEZP NPTULLPZP PZHYGETB ABOUT RPUF ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEZP CHUENY ZPMMBODULYY YY MBNY, PUFBCHYYNYUS CH RTPCHYOGYY EMBODIS. ъDEUSH RTPFYCHOIL CHUFTEFYM PFCHBTTSOPE URPTPFYCHMEOYE PUPVEOOOP ABOUT PUFTPCBI AD VECHEMBOD Y chBMIETEO.

UYMSCH ЪBEYFOYLPCH UPUFPSMY YЪ RPDTBDEMEOYK ZPMMBODULYI BTNYYY ZHMPFB Y CHPKUL UPAYOYLPCH (CH PUOPCHOPN ZHTBOGHYULYI NPTSLPCH). lPTBVMY ZPMMBODULPZZHMPFB PLBYSCCHBMY YN BLFYCHOHA RPDDETTSLH, OEUNPFTS ABOUT FP, YuFP RPDCHETZBMYUSH RPUFPSOOSCHN BFBLBN mAZHFCHBZHZHE. sing RPDIPDYMY L UBNPNH VETEZKH Y PVEUREYUYCHBMY BTFYMMETYKULHA RPDDETTSLH PVPPTPOSAEYIUS. 18 NBS ZPMMBODULYE UYMSCH RPMKHYUMY RTYLBYCHBLKHYTPCHBFSH PUFTTPCHB OPPTD Y AD VECHEMBODB Y chBMIETEOB OP OE TBOSHYE, YUEN POY RPMOPUFSHA HOYUFPTSBF CHUE RPTFPCHCHE UPPTTHTS EOYS, DPLY Y OJFEITBOYMYEB.

reTERTBCHMSSUSH U NBFETYLB ABOUT PUFTTPCHB, CHPKULB OELPFPTPE CHTENS EEE RTDDPMTSBMY UPRTPPHYCHMSFSHUS. pDOBLP RTPFYCH OYI VSHHMY VTPPEOSCH OBYUYFEMSHOP RTECHPUIPDSEYE UYMSCH, Y ZPMMBODGSH VSHMY CHSCHOKHTDSDEOSCH UDBFSH RPUMEDOYE LMPYULY ZPMMBODULPK FETTYFPTYY.

ъOBYUYFEMSHOPE LPMYUEUFCHP ZPMMBODULYI CHPKUL VSHMP UBCHBLHYTPCHBOP ABOUT DTHTSEULYE VETEZB CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY. Sing CHSHCHVTBMY FPF TSE UBNSCHK RKhFSH, UFP Y "ZЈЪSHCH" CH XVI CHELE, LPZDB PTDSCH YURBOULYI ЪBICHBFUYLPCH CHUFKHRYMY ABOUT YI YENMA. nPTE RPЪCHPMYMP YN VETSBFSH, DBMP CHPNPTsOPUFSH RETEZHPTNYTPCHBFSH UIMSH Y UOPCHB CHUFKHRYFSH CH VPK.

OB 15 NBS 1940 ZPDB ZPMMBODULYK CHPEOOSHCHK ZHMPF RPOEU UMEDHAYE RPFETY:

ьUNIOEG "chBO zBMEO". bFPF LPTBVMSH SCHYM UPVPK KHDYCHYFEMSHOSCHK PVTBEG NPVIMSHOPUFY NPTULYI UYM. BY RTYVSHCHM YY PUF-YODYY LBL TB CHCHTENS, YUFPVSH USHZTBFSH CHBTSOKHA TPMSH CH VYFCHE UB ZPMMBODYA.

lBOPOETLB "yPZBO nPTYG CHBO oBUUBH". bFP LPTBVMSH VSHM UREGYBMSHOP RTEDOBOBYEO DMS UMHTSVSHCH LBTYVULPN NPTE Y DPMZPE CHTENS OBIPYMUS CH CHEUF-YODYY. ChTENS ZTBTSDBOULPK CHPKOSHCH CH YURBOYY ON CHSHRPMOSM LPOCHPKOHA TBVPFKH CH ZYVTBMFBTULPN RTPMYCHE CH TBNLBI DEKUFCHYK "lPNYFEFB RP OECHNEYBFEMSHUFCHH". h UEOFSVTE 1939 ZPDB, LPZDB ECHTPREKULBS YBUFSH zPMMBODULPK YNRETYY PLBBBMBUSH RPD KHZTPЪPK, LPTBVMSH VSHM PFPCHBO Ch zPMMBODYA.

lBOPOETLY “ZHTYIP” Y “vTYOYP”. fY LPTBVMY VSHMY RPUFTPEOSCH CH 1912 ZPDH DMS ЪBEIFSH RPVETETSSHS. sing IPTPYP RPFTKhDYMYUSH UCHPYNY 105 NN PTHDYSNY CH VPA ЪB еКДЭТ-ее. lTPNE OYI ZPMMBODULIK ZHMPF YNEM OUEULPMSHLP UFBTSCHI TEYOSCHI LBOPOETPL, LPFPTSHCHE JB YEUFSHDEUSF MEF UMKHTSVSH NOPZP RPCHYDBMY. oELPFPTSCHE YЪ OYI UMKHTSYMY LBL NYOOSHCHE ЪBZTBDYFEMY PE CHTENS OENEGLPZP OBUFHRMEOYS. l LFPNH LMBUUKH RTYOBDMETSBMY “vBMSHDHT”, “vTBZB”, “vKHMSHS”, “ZhTEKT”, “IEZHTYZ”, “fPT” Y “chYDBT”. "vKHMSHS" CHUEZDB TPTsDBMB RTYSFOSCH CHPURPNYOBOYS X NPTULYI PZHYGETPCH Y NEIBOYLPCH, FBL LBL ABOUT LFPN LPTBVME SING UPCHETYBMY UCHPY HYUEVOSCH RMBCHBOYS, VHDHYUY LBDEFBNY. ьФБ УФБТБС, OP DPVTTPFOP RPUFTPEOOBS LBOPOETLB CHNEUFE U PDOPFYROSHNY LPTBVMSNY "yCHET" Y "dBU" YUBUFEOSHLP RTPVPCHBMB ABOUT RTPYUOPUFSH VPOSCH Y RYTUSHCH YEKDET-YEE, KHRTBCHMSENB WITH OEKHNEMSHNY THLBNY LBDEFPCH.

fTBMSHEILY "bVTBIBN CHBO DET iBMSHUF" Y "RYFET ZHMPTYG" . fY LPTBVMY RTYYMPUSH ЪBFPRYFSH YI UPVUFCHEOOSCHN LPNBODBN RPUME ZHOBMSHOPZP VPS CH EKDET-EE. lFP NEUFP VSHMP PRBUOSCHN DMS OYI U UBNPZP OBYUBMB, FBL LBL ЪDEUSHOE ICHBFBMP NEUFB DMS NBOECHTTYTPCHBOYS Y LPTBVMY RPDCHETZBMYUSH YOFEOUYCHOSCHN BFBLBN U CHPDHIB

fTBMSHEILY n-1, n-2 Y n-4 FBLCE VSHCHMY RPFETSOSH. fY OEVPMSHYE LPTBVMY, RPUFTPEOOOSCH PE CHTENS RPUMEDOEK CHPKOSHCH, RTYYMPUSH ЪBFPRYFSH LPNBODBN. fB CE UBNBS UHDSHVB RPUFYZMB NYOPOPUEG Z-3rd RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY p-8, O-11Y p-12, LPFPTSCHE UFPSMY CH DPLE NPTULPC VBSHCH dEO iEMDETB. h ьКНЭКДОО ВШМ ЪБФПРМЭО УФБТИУПЛ “ ьКНЭКДО” (ВШЧЧИИК “ИЭНУЛТЛ”), UMKHTSYCHYIK CH LBUEUFCHE RMBCHHYUEK VBFBTEY. dMS MAVPZP NPTSLB PYUEOSH ZPTSHLP FPRYFSH UCHPK UPVUFCHEOOSCHK LPTBVMSH, OP EUMY OE PUFBMPUSH DTHZPZP URPUPVB UPITBOYFSH EZP PF CHTBTSEULYI IBR, EZP UHDSHVB NPTsEF VShchFSH FPMSH LP FBLPC.

rPFETSOSH YMY VTPYEOSCH VSHMY OUEULPMSHLP RTELTBUOSCHI UKHDPCH ZPMMBODULPZP FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB, CH FPN YUYUME “yFBFEODBN”, “vBMPTBO” Y “sO rYFETUPO lPEO”. pDOBLP ZPTBJDP VPMSHYE RBUUBTSYTULYI Y ZTHPCHSHCHI UHDHR, FBOLETPCH, VHLUITPCH Y FTBMSHAILPCH U YI PVHYUEOOSHNY LPNBODBNY VSHCHMY URBUEOSHCH PF CHTBZB. 500 UHDHR CHUEI TBNETPCH PWAYN CHPDPYNEEEOYEN 2,750,000 FPOO Y U LYRBTSBNY YUYUMEOOPUFSHHA CH 15,000 YUEMPCHEL UETSHEOP RPRPMOYMY NTULYE UYMSCH UPAYOILPC. yI RTDDPMTSYFEMSHOBS UMKHTSVB SCHMSEFUS CHBTSOSCHN CHLMBDPN zPMMBODYY CHPEOOSHCHUYMS UPAYOILPC.

th ZPMMBODULYE chchu, th NPTULBS BCHYBGYS, UBNPMEFSH LPFPTSCHI VSHMY RP VPMSHYEK YUBUFY KHUFBTECHYYNY, RPOEUMY FSTEMSHCHE RPFETY PF RTECHPUIPDSEYI LPMYUEUFCHPN Y LBUEUFCHPN UYM mAJFFBJJE. pDOBLP ZETPYYN Y KHNEOYE ZPMMBODULYI RYMPFPCH ЪBUMHTSYMY YN KHCHBTSEOYE FPCHBTYEEK RP PTHTSYA.

lBL FPMSHLP ZPMMBODULYK ZHMPF RTYVSHHM CH vTYFBOULYE CHPDSH, ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIK lPTPMECHULIN ZHMFPPN OYDETMBODPCH OYUBM TEPTZBOYBGYA UCHPYI UYM CH FEUOPN CHBINPDEKUFCHYY U ZHMPFPN Y BCHYBGYEK UPAJOILPC. bFPZP UPCHETYEOOOP OEPVIPDYNP VSHMP DPVYFSHUS CH LTBFYUBKYE CHNPTSOSCHE UTPLY, FBL LBL CHUE RPOINBMY, YuFP KHZTPЪB CHFPTSEOYS CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYA UFBMB UPCHETYOOOP TEBMSHOPK.

iPFS ZPMMBODULYK ZHMPF VSHM NBM RP YUYUMEOOPUFY CH UTBCHOOYY U BOZMYKULIN, BY RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBM ЪBNEYUBFEMSHOSH VPECHSCHE LBUEUFCHB. lTPNE CHUEZP RTPYUEZP, ZPMMBODULYE NPTSLY PFMYUOP OBMY ZBCHBOY, YUETE LPFPTSHCHE ZETNBOYS UPVYTBMBUSH PUHEEUFCHYFSH RTEDRPMBZBENPE CHFPTSEOYE. NEOEE YUEN YUETE 10 DOEK RPUME UBCHBLHBGYY VPMSHYOUFCHP ZPMMBODULYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI EDYOYG RPMHYYYMP OPCHCHES OBYUEOYS. 1 YAOS 1940 ZPDB ZPMMBODULBS NPTULBS BCHYBGYS CHUFHRYMB CH VYFCHH OBD VTYFBOWLINE RPVETETSSHEN.

ULPTPUFSH, U LPFPTPK VSHMB RTPCHEDEOB TEPTZBOYBGYS, SCHYMBUSH TEKHMSHFBFPN RTEDBOOPUFY ZPMMBODULYI NPTSLPCH UCHPENKH DPMZH Y YI BOFKHYBN, B FBLCE YULTEOOEZP TSEMBOYS RPNPYUSH Y FEUOPZP LPOFBLFB U vTYFBOWLYN bDNYTBMFEKUFCHPN Y lPTPMECHULYN ZHMPFPPN CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY. FPF ZhBLF, YuFP CHBYNOPE RTYURPUPVMEOYE ЪBOSMP FBL NBMP CHTENEY, RPLBYSHCHBEF, YuFP zPMMBODYS Y CHEMYLPVTYFBOYS YNEAF NOPZP PVEEEZP.

KHUREYOPE OENEGLPE OBUFHRMEOYE CH 1940 ZPDH MYYYMP CHUE DTHZIE ZHMPFSH UPAYOILPC YI VB ABOUT LPOFYEOF. mPDPO UFBM RTIVETSYEEN YFBVPCH OEULPMSHLYI YOPUFTBOOSCHI ZHMPFPCH. lPTBVMY Y UBNPMEFSH TBMYUOSHI ZPUKHDBTUFCH RTDPDPMTSBMY VPTSHVKH RTPFYCH OENGECH CHNEUFE U BOZMYUBOBNY. h FBLYI HUMPCHYSI LTBKOYE TSEMBFEMSHOP VSHMP UPJDBFSH EDYOPE GEOFTBMYIPCHBOOPE LPNBODPCHBOYE NPTULYNY PRETBGYSNY. UPCHETYEOOP PYUECHYDOSCHN LBODYDBFPN ABOUT UFKH TPMSH VSHMP vTYFBOULPE bDNYTBMFEKUFCHP. hYUIFSHCHBS LFP, zPMMBODULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP RETEDBMP CH TBURPTSTSEOYE bDNYTBMFEKUFCHB CHUE UCHPY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH, LPFPTSCHE KHDBMPUSH UBBLHYTPCHBFSH U LPOFYEOFB. ьФПФ ЦЭУФ, RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBCHYYK ЪДТБЧЧШЧК УН how й МПСМШОПУФШ зПММБОВДYY, NOPZP UDEMBM DMS RTEDPFCHTBEEOYS TBOPZMBUYK, LPFPTSCHE CHUEZDB CHP'OILBAF CH RPDPVOSHHI UVP SKINNY LPNBODBY. YuFP IPTPYP VHI PDOPK UFTBOSHCH, OE SCHMSEFUS OEPVIPDYNSCHN VHI PVEEZP VMBZB. YuFPVSH CHSHCHYZTBFSH CHPKOKH CH LBL NPTsOP VPMEE LPTPFLYE UTPLY, FTEVPCHBMBUSH NBLUINBMSHOBS LPOGEOFTBGYS KHYMYK B bfp DPUFYTSYNP MYYSH FPZDB, LPZDB LBTsDBS UPAOBS OB GYS RPDYUYOSEF UCHPY YUBUFOSHCH YOFETEUSCH PVEENKH VMBZH. YODYCHYDHBMSHOSCHK RTEUFYTS DPMTSEO VSHFSH RTYOEUEO CH TSETFCHH YOFETEUBN VPMSHYOUFCHB.

ilyrbtsy NOPZYI LPTBVMEK RTDPDPMTSBMY GEMYLPN PUFBCHBFSHUS ZPMMBODULYNY, OP DEKUFCHYSNYI FERTSH THLPCHPDYMP vTYFBOULPE bDNYTBMFEKUFCHP. pVEUREYUEOYE MYUOPZP UPUFBCHB Y NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFY CHJSM ABOUT UEVS YFBV ZPMMBODULPZP ZHMPFB CH mPODPOE. eUFEUFCHEOOP, CHPKOILBMY FTHDOPUFY CH UOBVTSEOYY LPTBVMEK Y UBNPMEFPCH ЪBRBUOSCHNY YUBUFSNY Y VPERTYRBUBNY. FERTSH VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH UOBTSCEOYS RPUFKHRBMB YY vTYFBOY, CH FP CHTENS LBL DP NBS 1940 ZPDB ZPMMBODULYK ZHMPF RPMKHYUBM PUOPCHOCHA YUBUFSH NBFETYBMPCH YZETNBOY. NOPZIE RTYVPTSCHY VPTFPCHSHCHE UYUFENSH LPTBVMEK Y UBNPMEFPCH VSHMY YZPFPCHMEOSCH CH ZETNBOYY. OP UETSHEOPUFSH UYFKHBGYYY PVEEE TSEMBOYE zPMMBODYYY vTYFBOYY CHSHYZTBFSH CHPKOKH LBL NPTsOP TBOSHYE KHUFTBOSMY FTHDOPUFY, LPFPTSCHE RTY DTHZYI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI CHSHZMSDEM Y VSH OETBTEYINSHNY.

CHPTPUYEEE OBYUEOYE ZPMMBODULPZP ZHMPFB VSHMP RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBOP CH YAME 1941 ZPDB, LPZDB VSHMP CHPUUPЪDBOP nyoyufetuFChP ZPMMBODULPZP CHPEOOP-NPTULLPZP ZHMPFB rPUFSCH ZMBCHOP LPNBODHAEEZP ZHMPFPN Y NYOYUFTB ZHMPFB UPCHNEUFYM BDNYTBM s. f. zHTUFOET. NYOYUFETUFChP chnzh UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP Ch zPMMBODYY LBL PFDEMSHOBS UFTHLFKHTB DP 1928 ZPDB, LPZDB CH YOFETEUBI LLPOPNYY POP VSHMP UPEDYOEOP U NYOYUFETUFCHPN BTNYY CH EDYOPE NYOY UFETUFChP PVPTPOSCH. ZhMPF UYUE CHPTPTSDEOOYE EZP UPVUFCHEOOPZP NYOYUFETUFCHB Y RPUFB UPVUFCHOOOPZP RTEDUFBCHYFEMS CH RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHE ЪBRPЪDBMSCHN RTYOBOYEN YUFYOSCH. mYYSH RPMOPE OERPOINBOYE OBYUEOYS NPTULPC NPEY ABOUT UFPMSH DPMZYK RETYPD MYYYMP ZHMPF UBNPUFPSFEMSHOPZP THLPCHPDUFCHB.

IX. LOSSES OF MERCHANT SHIPS

* Italian ships returned to Italy or built

** Foreign vessels captured or purchased

*** Ships captured or built by the Germans, transferred to the Italians, but remaining under the German flag

From the book Between Asia and Europe. History of the Russian state. From Ivan III to Boris Godunov author Akunin Boris

The end of the trading republics The main increase in territory, however, was given to Moscow not by the neighboring principalities, but by the trading republics, which the power-hungry unifier took over one after another. We will talk about the annexation of the strongest of them, Lord Novgorod the Great

From the book Who's Who in Russian History author Sitnikov Vitaly Pavlovich

From the book Course of Russian History (Lectures I-XXXII) author

Protection of trade routes Another concern of the Kyiv princes was the support and protection of trade routes that led to overseas markets. With the advent of the Pechenegs in the southern Russian steppes, this became a very difficult matter. The same Emperor Constantine, describing the trade voyages of Rus' in

From the book Course of Russian History (Lectures XXXIII-LXI) author Klyuchevsky Vasily Osipovich

Zemstvo thought in the trading classes But, dying out in the ruling and privileged strata, the idea of the Zemstvo Sobor for some time still lingered in small groups of tax zemstvos, which remained with the enslavement of the landowner peasants under the protection of the law. In statements of the highest

From the book Selected Works on the Spirit of Laws author Montesquieu Charles Louis

CHAPTER IX On the restriction of trade relations The true benefit of the people requires that without important reasons they should not exclude any people from trade with their country. The Japanese trade with only two nations: Chinese and Dutch, and the Chinese earn from them a thousand percent per

From the book Blitzkrieg in Western Europe: Norway, Denmark author Patyanin Sergey Vladimirovich

From the book Tragedies of the Gulf of Finland author Platonov Andrey Valerievich

Appendix V. Losses of enemy ships and vessels in the Baltic in 1941 Notes: In addition to the indicated ships, three minesweepers, three minelayers and 14 ships were blown up and killed by German and Swedish mines. Convoy wiring diagram for August 24–25. 1 - damaged

From the book Scythians: the rise and fall of a great kingdom author Gulyaev Valery Ivanovich

From the book Pact. Hitler, Stalin and the initiative of German diplomacy. 1938-1939 author Fleischhauer Ingeborg

New impetus to revitalize trade relations The question of expanding German-Soviet trade relations again came to the forefront of the embassy's interests. Immediately after the announcement of the appointment of Anastas Mikoyan as People's Commissar for Foreign Trade, the German

From the book General History of State and Law. Volume 1 author Omelchenko Oleg Anatolievich

Regulation of property and trade relations Despite the high development of the trading economy and commercial relations in Athenian society, the policy of democracy (perhaps precisely because it sought to satisfy the social interests of the majority) tried to restrain

From the book Secrets of the Russian Kaganate author Galkina Elena Sergeevna

Rus on the trade routes of Eurasia The level of development of the state is also evidenced by the level of trade and crafts. The Russian Kaganate as a trading state was known to the Arab-Persian geographers of the Jaykhani school and Hudud al-Alam: they report that the main occupation of the Rus

From the book Freemasonry, culture and Russian history. Historical and critical essays author Ostretsov Viktor Mitrofanovich

From the book Novgorod and Hansa author Rybina Elena Alexandrovna

LIST OF TRADE ACTS OF NOVGOROD Trade agreements No. date...... Contents of the document - Publication - No. according to Yanin (5)1. 1191/1192 ...... Treaty with the German merchants and Goths - GVNP No. 28 - 12. 1259/1263 ...... Treaty with the German merchants - GVNP No. 29 - 33. 1268 ...... Peaceful trade project

From the book Geniuses and Villains of Russia in the 18th Century author Arutyunov Sarkis Artashesovich

ABOUT TRADE SHIPS All ships from which goods are unloaded in St. Petersburg are small in size. And the port is still small. Recently, trouble befell Russian ship-owning societies. In just one night, thirty Russian merchant ships were lost in the Gulf of Finland. A

From the book Ancient and Present Rus' (historical and analytical essay-collection) author Team of authors

Total human losses of Rus', Russia and the USSR from invasions, wars and raids of foreigners in the period from 1 to 1995 (according to tables 36,37,38 and 39) and losses from internecine wars, epidemics and famine 1. Human losses of Rus' , Russia and the USSR in wars with foreigners, only killed from 400 to 1945 - 27

From the book What happened before Rurik author Pleshanov-Ostaya A. V.

On trade routes The argument for the existence of a real Biarmia is that the Vikings could really use the Northern Dvina as an additional route to the Volga trade route and the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks. Burials in the Perm region are rich in silver

VI. ENGLISH LOSSES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

From June 10, 1940 to September 8, 1943, the British fleet lost the following ships in the Mediterranean (Blatent lies. List of British losses until the very end of the war. See translator's appendix. A.B.):

From the book The Fight of Two Lions. Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century author Makhov Sergey Petrovich

Chapter 6 Operations in the Mediterranean The Battle of Monte Cristo Both the Dutch and the British had extensive trading interests in the Mediterranean. The United Provinces traded heavily with the Ottoman Empire, Venice and Genoa. The main Dutch export was tin,

From the book The Struggle for Dominion at Sea. Augsburg League author Makhov Sergey Petrovich

From the book Italy. Reluctant enemy author

Chapter 32 Disaster in the Mediterranean The fighting in the Mediterranean is only indirectly related to our study, so I will limit myself to a brief overview. For Italy, the Mediterranean theater of operations was decisive, and the Eastern Front

From the book Russia on the Mediterranean Sea author Shirokorad Alexander Borisovich

Chapter 19 Should St. Andrew's flag be on the Mediterranean Sea After the disbandment of the 5th operational squadron, voyages of our ships to the Mediterranean Sea became rare. Every 4-6 months the floating workshops (PM-56 or PM-138) were changed in the port of Tartus. They sail periodically

author Tarle Evgeniy Viktorovich

Admiral Ushakov on the Mediterranean Sea (1798–1800) Preface The ailment of a part of the Russian public in the 18th–19th centuries, long noted by Griboyedov. - admiration for the West, for foreigners, sometimes reaching the point of servility, mainly because they are foreigners, -

From the book Russian Fleet in the Mediterranean author Tarle Evgeniy Viktorovich

Admiral Ushakov on the Mediterranean Sea Liberation of the Ionian Islands1 Letter from gr. P. A. Rumyantseva gr. To I.G. Chernyshev dated July 21, 1771 - Materials for the history of the Russian fleet, part VII. St. Petersburg, 1877, p. 736.2 Materials for the history of the Russian fleet, part XV. SPb., 1895, p. 316.3 Ibid., p. 332.4 Ibid.

From the book Roksolana and Suleiman. Beloved of the “Magnificent Century” [collection] author Pavlishcheva Natalya Pavlovna

From the book War at Sea (1939-1945) by Nimitz Chester

England versus Italy in the Mediterranean Sea Italy's entry into the war gave rise to serious doubts among the English command about the possibility of holding Malta. The defense of the island and the base located on it was extremely weak. Destined for Malta

From the book German Submarine War 1914–1918. by Richard Gibson

Chapter XI Struggle in the Mediterranean Sea (1917) In the northern waters the climax of the struggle was passed; here the first blow directed against world shipping was withstood and weakened, although at a terrible cost. Slowly and at times almost imperceptibly weakened

From the book The Italian Navy in World War II author Bragadin Mark Antonio

V. GERMAN LOSSES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA The German fleet, according to official lists published by the British Admiralty, lost, from October 1941, when it first appeared in the Mediterranean, until September 8, 1943, the following ships: 1 destroyer38

From the book St. George's Knights under the St. Andrew's Flag. Russian admirals - holders of the Order of St. George, I and II degrees author Skritsky Nikolay Vladimirovich

On the Mediterranean Sea, on September 7, 1804, the chief commander of the Kronstadt port, P. I. Khanykov, through a fellow naval minister, P. V. Chichagov, received the Emperor’s order to urgently prepare and send the most combat-ready ships “Retvizan” to the Mediterranean Sea,

From the book History of Venice by Beck Christian

Losses in the Mediterranean Recalling the traditional rite of betrothal between the Doge and the sea, Du Bellay writes: “These old cuckolds take the sea as their wives, and it cheats on them with the Turks.” Already in 1538, in his “Regrets,” the French poet ironically looked at Venice, faced with

From the book Suleiman the Magnificent and his “Magnificent Century” author Vladimirsky Alexander Vladimirovich

Victories in the Mediterranean Realizing that on the land fronts in Europe he had so far reached the limits to which the Ottoman Empire could expand, Suleiman the Magnificent turned his gaze to the Mediterranean Sea. The Sultan hoped to inflict decisive defeats on the European

From the book History of Wars at Sea from Ancient Times to the End of the 19th Century author Shtenzel Alfred

Chapter IV. Rome's dominance of the Mediterranean

From the book The Influence of Sea Power on the French Revolution and Empire. 1793-1812 by Mahan Alfred

Chapter IX. Mediterranean in 1797 and 1798 – Bonaparte's Egyptian Expedition – Return of the British to the Mediterranean and the Battle of Abukir – Restoration of British dominance in the Mediterranean and formation of the second coalition Preliminary Peace of Leoben

From the book World War II at sea and in the air. Reasons for the defeat of the German naval and air forces author Marshall Wilhelm

Luftwaffe in the war in the Mediterranean In August - September 1940, Hitler came to the conclusion that a further aggravation of the military-political situation in Eastern Europe would inevitably lead Germany to war with Russia. Therefore, it is necessary to take all measures so that in the next

VII. LOSSES OF THE REST OF THE ALLIES' FLEETS

The losses of the remaining fleets of the Allied powers fighting against the Italian fleet were not officially published. For this reason, the data provided, compiled from multiple sources, may be incomplete and actual losses may be greater. In any case, this includes ships sunk in the Mediterranean from 10 June 1940 to 8 September 1943.

Before the armistice between France and Italy, the French fleet lost only one Morse submarine. Later, under the flag of Free France, 1 destroyer, “Leopard”, and 2 submarines, “Narwhal” and “Souffler” (Leopard was thrown ashore by a storm. A.B.) were lost.

Therefore, the French fleet lost 4 ships with a displacement of 5048 tons. The ships sunk at Toulon are not included here, as these are non-combat losses.

The Greek fleet lost at least 56 ships with a displacement of about 30,000 tons. 1 battleship (Kilkis); 4 destroyers; 10 escort destroyers; 4 submarines; 1 hospital ship; 4 minesweepers; 3 military tankers; 5 torpedo boats and about 20 small ships (The battleship is actually a battleship built at the beginning of the century: Escort destroyers are the same old coal destroyers.).

Among the captured Yugoslav ships were: 5 destroyers; 4 escort destroyers; 3 minesweepers; 3 submarines; many small and auxiliary ships. 1 destroyer was sunk by its own crew. 1 submarine was lost in battle. In total, the Yugoslav fleet lost at least 30 ships with a displacement of 18,000 tons.

Holland lost the destroyer Isaac Sweers.

The official list of American losses shows 1 destroyer, 3 small ships, 2 sea transports and 12 landing craft. Here we should add transports that belonged to the American army, about which we do not have data.

Ships of the Canadian, Australian, New Zealand and Indian fleets also took part in the war in the Mediterranean. Their losses are unknown, except for 2 Canadian corvettes with a displacement of 1450 tons.

From these data it follows that the fleets of the remaining allied powers that fought on the side of Britain in the Mediterranean Sea from June 10, 1940 to September 8, 1943 lost at least 111 ships with a displacement of 84,126 tons. However, in reality this figure should be much higher.

From the book Roman History author Alexandrian Appian

From the book Gods of Money. Wall Street and the Death of the American Century author Engdahl William Frederick

From the book What Century Is It Now? author

8. Brief analysis of other speeches published in [p19] I.A. Nastenko in the article “Instead of a Preface” [р19], p. 8-Pne argues against the new chronology on its merits. I.A.’s own version is presented. Nastenko - how and by whom, in his opinion, a new one was created

From the book History of the Russian Army. Volume three author Zayonchkovsky Andrey Medardovich

From the book The Trojan War in the Middle Ages. Analysis of responses to our research [with illustrations] author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

6.8. A brief analysis of the remaining speeches published in [р19], [р20] by I. A. Nastenko in the article “Instead of a Preface” [р19], p. 11, does not raise any substantive objections to the new chronology. I. A. Nastenko’s own version is presented - how and by whom, in his opinion, it was created

From the book Introduction to the New Chronology. What century is it now? author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

8. Brief analysis of other speeches published in [p19] I.A. Nastenko in the article “Instead of a Preface” [р19], p. 8–11 does not raise any substantive objections to the new chronology. I.A.’s own version is presented. Nastenko - how and by whom, in his opinion, a new one was created

author

From the book Blitzkrieg in Western Europe: Norway, Denmark author Patyanin Sergey Vladimirovich

From the book Bloody Road to Tunisia by Rolf David

Appendix 3. Allied losses, November 1942 - March 1943 British Americans French 1st Army 8th Army II Corps Killed 4439 2036 2311 1100 Wounded 12575 9055 8555 8080 Missing/ 6531 1304 5355 7000 prisoners

From the book Book 2. We change dates - everything changes. [New chronology of Greece and the Bible. Mathematics reveals the deception of medieval chronologists] author

There will be no Third Millennium from the book. Russian history of playing with humanity author Pavlovsky Gleb Olegovich

209. Is Russia unnatural? Colonel Alksnis. The Russian world among other worlds - Our country - if we can call it a country - our Eurasia is torn apart by interethnic conflicts. It falls apart, frantically trying to maintain unity, and cannot find a way to do so.

From the book Betrayal and Treason. General Vlasov's troops in the Czech Republic. author Auski Stanislav

IV Formation of the 2nd Division and the remaining military units On January 14th, Colonel Herre sent Major Siegfried Keiling, as a liaison officer, to the training camp in Heuberg (Württemberg), where the formation of the 2nd Division was to begin. On the eastern front just began

From the book Katyn author Matskevich Yuzef

Chapter 18. WHERE WERE THE REST OF THE POLISH PRISONERS OF WAR KILLED? The mystery of the Katyn crime has been solved. It is known who was killed here, how many there were and who killed them. More than four thousand Polish prisoners of war, almost exclusively officers from the Kozelsk camp, were shot

From the book Ancient and Present Rus' (historical and analytical essay-collection) author Team of authors

From the book The Trojan War in the Middle Ages. [Analysis of responses to our research.] author Fomenko Anatoly Timofeevich

6.8. A brief analysis of the remaining speeches published in [р19], [р20] by I.A. Nastenko in the article “Instead of a Preface”, p. 11, does not raise any substantive objections to the new chronology. I.A.’s own version is presented. Nastenko - how and by whom, in his opinion, a new one was created

From the book In Search of the Fourth Rome. Russian debate about moving the capital author Rossman Vadim

14. The growth of the capital against the background of other cities Taking into account the growth of the capital and the ongoing processes of disurbanization on the Russian national scale [Interpreter, 2012], it is advisable to provide data on the growth of non-capital cities in those European and Asian countries that we discussed

Losses of the merchant fleet from enemy actions

In total, 5,150 ships with a capacity of 21,570,720 GRT were sunk during the war. Of these, 2714 ships 11455906 GRT were British, the rest belonged to the allies and neutral countries. In 1939 the British merchant fleet consisted of 9488 ships 21215261 GRT. Thus, 28.6% of the total number of ships and 54.4% of the tonnage were sunk. Overall, Allied losses were:

The largest annual losses occurred in 1942, when 1,664 ships 7790697 GRT were sunk. Of this number, submarines accounted for 1,160 vessels 6266215 GRT.

We suffered the greatest losses in the North Atlantic, where 2,232 ships with a total capacity of 11,899,732 GRT were sunk. In the waters around the British Isles, including the Arctic, 1,431 ships totaling 3,768,599 GRT were lost.

The largest monthly losses occurred in March 1942, when 273 ships with a capacity of 834,164 GRT were sunk. Of these, 95 ships (534,064 GRT) went to the North Atlantic and 98 ships (183,773 GRT) went to the Far East. In June 1942, 173 ships with a capacity of 834,196 GRT were sunk, including submarines that sank 144 ships with a capacity of 700,235 GRT. All but 20 ships in 76690 GRT were sunk in the North Atlantic.

In addition to enemy actions, during the war years we lost 1,600 ships worth 3,000,000 GRT from various “maritime causes.”

German submarine losses

During the war years, Germany built 1,162 submarines. Of these, 785 units died for various reasons. U-31 was sunk twice. 156 boats capitulated, the rest were scuttled at the end of the war.

The causes of death of the 785 sunk boats were as follows:

British forces, including Commonwealth and Allied forces operating under British control, sank 514 boats. The United States sank 166 boats. 12 boats were destroyed jointly by the British and Americans.

Personnel losses

The Royal Navy lost 50,758 killed, 820 missing and 14,663 wounded.

The Women's Navy Service suffered 102 killed and 22 wounded.

The British merchant fleet lost 30,248 people from enemy action.

Losses of British Commonwealth navies

In addition, the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies lost 1,035 auxiliary and minor ships.

Losses of the German and Italian fleets

Convoys

Ocean convoys

In total, during the war years, 2,889 guarded convoys were conducted to and from England. Of the 85,775 ships in their composition, 654 ships, or 0.7%, were sunk.

Coastal convoys

A total of 7,944 convoys were deployed in UK coastal waters. Of the 175,608 ships in their composition, 248 ships, or 0.14%, were sunk.

811 ships were sent as part of convoys to Northern Russia, and 720 ships reached their destination. 33 ships returned for various reasons, 58 ships were sunk, accounting for 7.2%.

717 ships left Northern Russia as part of convoys, of which 29 ships, or 4%, were sunk.

In total, during the war years, about 4 million tons of cargo were sent through the Arctic to Russia. Approximately 300,000 tons were lost on the road. Among the military equipment, 5,000 tanks and more than 7,000 aircraft were delivered.

Transatlantic troop transport

175 “Operational Convoys”, that is, huge airliners traveling independently, delivered:

to the east 907,954 people, to the west 185,578 people.

All military transports, including airliners, delivered:

to the east 2,093,791 people, to the west 675,319 people.

In total, 3,862,642 Allied soldiers crossed the North Atlantic in both directions, starting on January 1, 1942, when transportation became widespread. In addition, a large number of soldiers (the exact numbers remain unknown) were brought to the Middle East from England, Australia, and New Zealand. Transportation to Malaya, India, Burma, and Ceylon was widespread. In general, it can be assumed that British ships and transports delivered to and from the theaters of war about 10 million soldiers.