In this lesson we will look at concepts such as compound words, connecting vowels; Let's answer the question when the connecting vowel O is written, and when - E.

Complex words are those that were created as a result of combining two (less often three) words into one word:

alone, fly - airplane

steam, walk - steamboat

porridge, cook - cook

poultry, factory - poultry farm

Compound words are formed using the connecting vowels O and E. These vowels are added to the end of the first stem that is part of the compound word.

Please note a number of words below:

Based on these examples, we will formulate a rule for writing the connecting vowels O and E in complex words.

The connecting vowel E is written after:

1) hissing: w, w, shch, h;

2) letters C;

3) soft consonants.

And the connecting vowel O is written after the stems on a hard consonant (except zh, sh and ts): fabulist, trapper.

How to determine which connecting vowel should be written in a word?

To do this, you must first select the first root. If the final consonant of the root is sibilant, the letter C or a soft consonant, then the letter E should be written to connect the roots.

In other cases, the connecting O is written.

For example:

In other cases, the connecting letter O is written in complex words, for example:

It is important to learn how to correctly identify roots in complex words, remember the rule for writing connecting vowels O and E and apply it.

List of used literature:

1. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Shansky N.M., Vlasenkova A.I. Work programs and calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language for the textbook “Russian Language” for grade 6, edited by Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A., Grigoryan L.T.
2. Sokolova G.P. Russian language lessons in 6th grade: A book for teachers: From work experience. - M.: “Enlightenment”, 1986. - 80 pages.
3. Calendar and thematic planning “Russian language grade 6” according to the textbook: “Russian language grade 6”. Textbook for general education institutions. Authors and compilers: Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L. and others - M.: Education, 2012. Federal State Educational Standard.
4. Gromov S.A. Russian language. Practical literacy course. Textbook for general education institutions. – M.: Moscow Lyceum, 2006. -55 pages.
5. Blinov G.I., Antokhina V.A. Collection of dictations on spelling and punctuation. Teacher's manual. – M.: “Enlightenment”, 1986.
6. Yarovikova O.V. Remembering through an image. Methodological manual for teachers and students. - Yoshkar-Ola: “String”, 2008. – 84 pages.

Rice. 2. Nikolay Dobronravov ()

Compound words name people by profession.

Commander- leads the regiments, the roots of the regiment-, water-,

fabulist- writes fables, roots fable-, write-,

beekeeper- breeds bees, bee roots-, water-,

plumber- conducts water, roots water-, water-, prefix pro-,

steelmaker- cooks steel, roots steel-, var-,

bird catcher- catches birds, roots of birds-, catch-, the first root ends in ts, we write e.

Listen to the text, determine how many difficult words there are.

Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow was first a wooden fortress, surrounded by a palisade made of logs. The oak walls of the Kremlin were replaced by white stone ones. It was then that Moscow received a name for all times - white stone. And also golden-domed, with golden heads, domes of temples. Chistoprudny Boulevard is one of the old streets in the center of Moscow.

Dolgoruky- long hands, roots debt-, hands-,

stockade- a fence made of tightly driven stakes, the roots are frequent, count,

white stone- built of white stone, the roots are white, stone,

golden-headed- with golden heads, roots of gold-, heads-,

Chistoprudny- clean ponds, clean roots, pond-.

This is how we compiled the transcriptions of complex words:

In place of the letters of the connecting vowels O, E, the spelling is: a letter in place of an unstressed vowel sound.

Why is the bird called that? The redstart is so named for its tail. He is red and trembles all the time. Therefore, it seems that the tail flashes with a light, as if it is burning. (see Fig.3)

Rice. 3. Redstart ()

The rudd fish is very beautiful. Her back is green, her sides have golden scales with a brown border on the sides. Eyes are orange, lips are yellow. The fish got its nickname for the color of its fins. (According to N. Osipov) (see Fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Rudd ()

A blade of grass grows, straight, strong, and at the end of it a green brush sticks up. This is what a foxtail looks like. Of course, such a tail is too small even for a fox cub, but it still looks like a tail. (see Fig.5)

Rice. 5. Foxtail ()

The water strider is the name given to an insect that runs quickly through the water, as if it wants to measure the distance. (see Fig.6)

Rice. 6. Water strider ()

A compound word consisting of two roots gory- and tail-. Similar words: burn, tail.

A compound word consisting of two roots: red- and per-. Similar words: red, feathers.

Roots fox-, tail-. Related words: fox, tail.

Roots water-, mer-. Water, measure.

In the lesson you learned that words that have two roots are called complex. Most often, roots in complex words are connected by vowel letters o or e. These letters are called connecting vowel letters. The letter o is written after hard consonants, e - after soft consonants and unpaired hard ones: zh, sh, ts. For example, couch potato, pedestrian, bird catcher.

1. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in the Russian language for 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. Rus.1september.ru ().
2. Gramma.ru ().
3. 5klass.net ().
4. School-collection.edu.ru ().
5. Oldskola1.narod.ru ().

• Solve spelling problems.

Steam_vozny, leaf_pad, porridge, russula, one_indigenous, dishwasher, white_manes, braided, homemade, earth_quake.

• Find complex words and show their structure.

...Dragonflies fly and dance,

The cheerful ones lead a round dance.

A. Tolstoy

People have known for a long time:

The fly agaric is inedible.

V. Zhulzhin

• Read an excerpt from the story by V. Astafiev. Find difficult words, describe their meaning and highlight the roots.

Mukhtar was the same color and appearance as Trezor, but his character was different from him. If Trezor is cunning and stupid, then his brother was hardworking, strict, angry and therefore sat on a chain. And such a life was bitter for him, free, impetuous, fleet-footed.

The greatest spelling difficulty is caused by vowels, which are called connecting vowels. “O” and “e” in complex words are often not noticed, as a result of which mistakes are made. It is noteworthy that there are no other letters connecting the two stems.

Definition

If a word consists of two or more stems, it will be called complex. For example, agricultural (farming), meat and dairy (meat and milk), scientific and technical (science and technology), chronicler (writing chronicles).

Compound words in the Russian language appeared at the present stage of development during a period of abundance of information, because this makes it possible to fit several concepts into one word.

Phenomena when more than two roots are used in the formation of a complex word are quite rare. For example, cycling.

Education and spelling variations

Compound words can be formed in various ways. Their spelling will depend on this. Let's look at the most popular ones:

Spelling difficult words

Connecting “o” and “e” in complex words can be used both when written together and when written with a hyphen. Let's look at the cases of using a hyphen.

You can create complex words using coordinating and subordinating connections. If they are formed by the first case, they will be written with a hyphen. In other words, you can easily put the conjunction “and” between the parts. Let's look at examples, for this you need to create complex words: sofa and bed - sofa bed; scientific and technical – scientific and technical; Russian and English – Russian-English; factory and plant - factory; meat and milk – meat and dairy; military medical - military and medical and others.

Compound words (nouns and adjectives) with the meaning of cardinal directions: Western European, southeastern, northeastern.

Words that convey shades of colors: crimson-gold, gray-brown, light green, purple-blue.

If the word is formed from a proper name: Leo Tolstoy style, Walter Scott ideas, New York Stock Exchange. The exception is geographical names formed from the phrase noun and adjective: Velikiye Luki - Velikiye Luki, Sergiev Posad - Segrievo Posad, Staraya Rus - Starorussky.

Words - scientific and technical terms: dynamo, vacuum dryer, diesel electrode, stop valve, filter press.

Words - designations of political parties and movements: vice-mayor, liberal-democratic, social-democratic, national-socialist.

A word that has a value judgment in the first part: grief-wife, shirt-guy, sweetheart-daughter, good boy-son.

If the first producing basis is the designation of any Latin letter: alpha male, beta carotene, gamma radiation.

It is necessary to write together complex words formed with the help of a subordinating connection: lumber processing (to process wood), staromoskovsky (old Moscow), chronicler (to write a chronicle), milk processing (to process milk), logging (logging).

SPELLING DIFFICULT WORDS

In complex words, after the stem on a solid consonant (except zh, sh, ts), a connecting vowel o is written: atom O stroke, water O pressure, waves O rez, east O Slavic, sound O insulating, fish O clever

After the stems, e is written on a soft consonant, as well as on zh, sh, ts and on a vowel: big e eyed, snake e prominent, ray e emitter, fire e meth, vegetable e storage, birds e catch, fresh e frozen.

Note 1. In some words, after the base on a soft consonant, o is written (in parallel with words in which, according to the rule, e is written after the same base): far O combative (long e jet), cost O carved (cost e crushing), shelter O treatment, shelter O letting in (blood e creative, shelter e substitute), song O singing (song e creativity), wool O spinning, wool O weaving (wool) e blank, wool e processing).

Note 2. In words gas And fication, gas And electrify, electrify And fication, electr. And to fify and derivatives from them is written and. These words are not complex, since the Russian language does not have the words “fication” and “fication”. Wed. spelling compound words with a similar stem: gas O wire, gas O generator, gas O meter, gas O throne, warmth O car, electric O car, electric O car, electric O razor, etc., where the general rule applies.

Note 3. The word agr And culture has a parallel spelling agrokultura, which is more common in modern language. This is apparently explained by the fact that the Greek root agros (“field”) stands out as independent in Russian formations. Wed. also spelling of words agr O business, agriculture O town, agri O climatic, agr O plant, agricultural OK complex, agr O industrial, agricultural O service, agr O chemist, agriculturist O school, etc., which does not contradict the general rule.

2.8. Difficult words. Connecting vowels and suffixes in compound words. Spelling vowels in compound words

1. As noted (see paragraph 2.2), in the Russian language there is a fairly large number difficult words, that is, words with several (usually two) roots.

Blue-eyed, warm-loving, white-red-blue.

In complex words, roots can be connected using special morphemes - connecting vowels. It is traditionally believed that there are two connecting vowels in the Russian language - o and e.

Steam, millennium, white-faced, blue-eyed.

2. At the same time, other elements can be used as connecting parts of complex words. Some of them are sometimes equated to connecting vowels. But in the school tradition they are usually classified as suffixes.

Such suffixes include, for example, the following:

suffixes -о- and -е- in compound words formed from the combination “adverb + adjective”;

Little cute, forever green.

suffixes -i-, -uh-, -u- in compound words with the first part – the form of the numeral in the genitive case. Although these suffixes coincide in form with the endings of numerals: Friday and days, two days, however, these are not endings, but suffixes (!);

Five and floor, two-day, two at the stem.

a) by merging a group of words into one word;

The mind is gone, the mind is deprived.

b) using the first part - the initial form of the word;

Time is the pastime, family is the kidney.

suffix -i- in compound words with the first part – the form of the verb in the imperative mood;

Vert and head, vert and tail, hold and muzzle, roll and field;

suffixes -а-, -я- in complex words denoting a shade of color, in the first part of which there is a prefix from- / is-.

Is blue is black, yellow is green.

3. In some cases, the final vowel of the first part of a compound word (usually a foreign element) is part of the root.

Avi a base, kin o film, auto base, mot o race.

4. The spelling of a vowel in the middle of compound words depends on what element this vowel is (connecting vowel, suffix, part of a root) and how the compound word is formed.

The spelling of connecting vowels is subject to the following rule:

O- is written after hard consonants (except zh, sh, ts), -e- is written after soft consonants and zh, sh, ts.

Water-collared, blue-eyed, freshly shaved.

2) In some complex words, after the base on a soft consonant, the connecting vowel -o- is used:

beast - beast about fishing, beast about battle, beast about similar;

power - power about love;

honor - honor and love;

wool - weaving wool;

flesh - raft o poisonous;

fable - fable about the scribe;

blood - blood leaking.

In some compound words, the first part is the word in its initial form.

Time I am calculation, time I am transmission, this I am a share, this I am a leg, this I am a kidney.

But in other cases, with the first part - the same root - a connecting vowel is used (in combination with the suffix -en-).

Wed: seeds for storage, seeds for farming.

The final vowels of the root are preserved in complex words with the first foreign part:

o and e: auto- ( auto base), agro- ( agr o chemistry), bio- ( bi o stimulant), geo- ( geo politics), hydro- ( hydraulic unit), zoo- ( zoo technician), movie- ( movie about almanacs), macro- ( macro element), meteo- ( meta about summary), motorcycle ( mot about sports), radio ( for the sake of mechanics), television ( body essay), photo- ( photo about the studio), electric ( electric motor).
Exception: kin e scop;

a: air ( air mail, air line);

and: quasi- ( quaz and scientific), multi- ( cartoon and millionaire), poly- ( gender and vitamins), mini ( min and -dress).

In some words ( center and fugue, agriculture and culture, electrification and fication, electrification and fication, electrified and fication, gas and fication, gas and fication, gas and fication) the vowel [i] is pronounced and the vowel letter i is written. In complex words with these roots, the connecting vowel -o- is used.

Wed: center about bezhny, agro about school, electric about razor, gas about exchange.

The vowels a, i of the former case ending are preserved in complex words arising from phrases:

the mind is deprived, the sum is gone, I love myself, I am a lover of myself.

In complex words, in the first part of which numerals appear, the genitive case form is used with vowels and, a.

Five and multiple, five and floor, seven and letka, forty a day, one and a half percent.

Exceptions:

complex words with the first part - the numerals one, ninety, one hundred, thousand - have connecting vowels -o- or -e-.

One day, nine centuries, a century, a thousand years.

some compound words with the first part forty have a connecting vowel -o-;

Forty on the leg, forty on the mouth.

Some words with the first part three have a connecting vowel -e-.

Triple leg, triangle, triangular, triangular.

The suffixes -а-, -я- are used in complex words denoting a shade of color, in the first part of which there is a prefix from-/is-.

Compound words without a connecting vowel

1. It is necessary to distinguish between compound words with connecting vowels and compound words without a connecting vowel. Wed: psychotherapy (psych + therapy) – psychasthenia (psych + asthenia).

2. In some complex words, the first part represents the word in its initial form, for example: time calculation, pastime: cotyledon, seed stalk, ovule (cf.: seed production, seed storage - with a connecting vowel).

3. Without a connecting vowel, terms like nitrogen-containing, forward-looking, etc. are formed.

4. The letter is saved A at the end of the component -air-(short for aviation), forming the first part of complex words such as airbase, airborne, airmail, air unit, etc.

5. With a case ending in the first part, the words crazy, insane and the like are formed from phrases.

6. In the form of the genitive case without a connecting vowel, numerals are included in compound words, for example: three-meter, five-time, seven-year. Exceptions are the numerals one, ninety, one hundred and thousand, for example: one-year, ninetieth, hundredfold, thousandth. The numeral forty in compound words is used in two forms: without a connecting vowel (forty-day) and with a connecting vowel (magpie, centipede - not in the literal sense of counting).

7. It is necessary to distinguish between complex words and words in which two stems are not distinguished in the Russian language. Compare: gas pipeline - gasification, electrician - electrification, where in the first words of these pairs two roots and a connecting vowel are distinguished, and in the second - one root. Wed. also compound words with a connecting vowel O- agricultural technology, agricultural culture, agro-minimum and the completely borrowed outdated word agriculture - from Lat. agriculture - field cultivation, farming.

Note 1. Foreign language prefixes are written together on a common basis anti-, arch-, hyper-, inter-, infra-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, extra-, etc., for example: anti-national (but: Anti-Dühring - in the function of a proper name), archiplut, hyperinflation, international, infrared, counterproposal (but: rear admiral, where the first part has a different meaning), post-impressionism (with preservation of the initial root And), postmodernism (cf. the continuous spelling of the same prefix in words of foreign language origin indivisible into morphemes: postscript, postfactum, etc.), dust jacket (but: super-computer - before the capital letter), subtropics, trans-Siberian, ultrasound, extraordinary ( but: extra class - before a noun).

Note 2. The initial components are written together quasi-, pseudo-, pan-, for example: quasi-scientific, pseudo-classical, pangerian (but: quasi-Pushkin, pan-Europe, etc. - before proper names).

Words with a connecting vowel “o” and “e”

In the Russian language, new words are formed by addition using connecting vowels -O- And -e-.

The method of adding two words (stems) using a connecting vowel -O- (interfix), written after hard consonants, form, for example, complex nouns.

Compound nouns with a connecting vowel "o"

Pure addition:

reinforced concrete, forest-steppe, gas cylinder, forest park, dried fruits, self-esteem.

Addition with suffixation:

airplane, samovar, dump truck, scooter, gardener, beet grower, helicopter, gas pipeline, rock climber, snowfall, bread maker, juicer, fisherman, dough mixer, icebreaker, steeplejack, whirlpool, waterfall, bread slicer, steam locomotive, motor ship, stargazer, lunar rover.

Compound adjectives with a connecting vowel “o”

pale O face, narrow O sharp-eyed, sharp-eyed O top, red O face, chamois O sour, latin O American, North O marine, cast iron O foundry, mechanic O assembly, low O grade, black O eyebrow, white O marble, oriental O Slavic, short O hairy, dark O hairy

Compound nouns with a connecting vowel "e"

Connecting vowel -e- written after soft consonants, sibilants and "ts" in compound nouns:

birds e factory, ship e wreck, vegetable e storage, senior e classmate, cha e water, land e mer, pool e meth, mouse e dexterity, suns e standing, walking e move, birds e catch, life e love, dirty e hospital, land e swarm, ground e scoop, earth e shaking, dust e collection, vegetable e Cafe and bar Menu of our hotel Inexpensive book a hotel room with full board and home cooking in St. Petersburg Are you planning to visit St. Petersburg and are interested in inexpensive accommodation and meals in […]

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Pedagogical tasks: create conditions for realizing the goal of learning to form and write complex words.

Planned educational outcomes:

Educational: learn to form complex words using connecting vowels oh, oh, will be able to extract information from different sources.

Communicative: organize conditions for communication when working in pairs, the ability to construct a statement that is understandable for listeners, ask clarifying questions, formulate simple conclusions, use intonation expressiveness.

Personal: use learned work techniques to solve educational problems; exercise self-control when completing written assignments; realize the need for self-improvement; They express a desire to learn new activities, achieve positive work results, and also strive to give people warmth and care.

Teaching aids: textbook, computer, presentation, test, cards, set of colored pencils, “flower-seven-flower” drawing.

Lesson progress

I. Greeting guests. Checking readiness for the lesson.

We have guests in class, welcome them.

Emotional mood for the lesson (dialogue between teacher and students).

Now check it out, my friend.

Are you ready to start the lesson?
- Is everything in place?
- Is everything all right?
- Pen and notebook?
- Hands? (On the spot)
- Legs? (On the spot)
- Elbows? (At the edge)
- The back? (Straight)

Draw a green triangle in the margin if you want to understand everything in class, work well, think. If in doubt, draw a yellow triangle. And at the end of the lesson, you will correlate your goals at the beginning of the lesson with what you will achieve at the end of the lesson (green triangle - everything worked out, yellow - I’ll try to be attentive, red - I haven’t fully mastered the material yet)

II. Updating basic knowledge.

1. A minute of penmanship. Game “Danetka”

2. “I conceived a natural phenomenon” On the computer, a slide with illustrations of natural phenomena (frost, rain, rainbow, snowfall, lightning).

You ask me questions, I can only answer Yes And No.

I thought of a natural phenomenon.

Student. Is this a feminine noun?

Student. Is this a masculine noun?

Student. Does he water everything?

Student. Are the trees beautiful?

Student. This is frost.

Find the exact definition of the word in the dictionary frost (optional one student). (A thin layer of snow formed due to evaporation on a cooling surface)

Which letter is missing? ( E , it has no sound)

Let's write all the other letters beautifully. (I n th)

Who can find the difficult word? (Snowfall)

Let's write out all the letters from it that represent consonants.

Why do we need this stage of the lesson?

(We learned to extract information using questions, repeated the spelling of some letters, clarified that the letter e has no sound, repeated the letters of the consonants)

3. Game “Be careful”

Arrange the words in 3 columns according to the type of spelling. Complete the words.

Unpronounceable... Paired……. Unstressed... (on the board)

(Rare, honest, water, holiday, happy, wear, Volgograd)

Standard check. (Slide 3)

Who has the floor? Volgograd recorded 2 times? Why? (This is a complex word and 2 spellings)

What two words does this word consist of? (city, Volga)

Label the roots.

With what feeling do we talk about the city? (With a feeling of pride about the hero city in which we live)

Why this stage of the lesson?

(To repeat what we already know and think about something new)

“5” - no errors

“4” - 1, 2 errors, more than 2 errors - you need to repeat the spelling rules

What role does the root play in words? (The general meaning of all cognate words lies at the root)

Is it enough to take two roots to make a word? (No)

What needs to be done for this? (Connect two roots)

How to do this? Problem?

Think about what other words can be used to form a compound word? (Water-carrier)

What did you use to connect the 2 roots? (Using the letter O)

III. Setting a lesson goal

What do you think we will work on in class? (We will form complex words and write the connecting vowel correctly)

It remains to be seen when it is written ABOUT and when E.

IV. Updating new knowledge, working on new material

1. Formation and recording of complex words:

Fall leaves (leaf fall) (slide 4) and admire this natural phenomenon.

What do we know about the forest ecosystem? (Closed circleOgate substances)

Water, fall (waterfall) illustration. (Slides 5, 6, 7, 8)

A man who grows flowers. (Florist)

Cooking porridge? (Cook)

What connecting vowels did you use? (Oh e)

Working with the textbook. Exercise 128 p.108 with commenting at the board

First O cool (i.e. very good, high quality today is Quality Day in our country)

Ice O count

Fervor e SOS

Much O pestilence

Forest O rub

Vegetable e cutting

What is this type of work for? (Practiced in forming and writing complex words)

When a connecting vowel is written in complex words - e , A When -O?

(O after hard consonants, E - after soft consonants, hissing and C)

Tell us the algorithm how you will work.

2. Work in pairs (exercise 131)

Form complex words, add your words airplane, samovar, scooter, pride, Samodelkin. (Crossbow, dump truck, impostor)

Which pair will do it, raise your hands in a hut.

Self-test against the standard. (Slide 9, 10)

Explain the word self-love using a dictionary. (Self-esteem combined with a jealous attitude towards the opinions of others about oneself (painful pride, sparing someone else’s pride))

3. Physical exercise. (Slide 11, 12)

4. Independent work using cards.

Form and write new words, underline the connecting vowel.

Option I

ice cutting

housewife

milk move

Option II

meat wire

plant everywhere

heat mower

Self-test (slide 13). I will check your notebooks and cards, and if you assessed yourself objectively, I will put marks in the journal.

Now answer the test questions. The correct answer corresponds to the letter.

1) Words that have two roots are called:

m) simple; c) complex.

2) Compound words have connecting vowel letters:

p) o, e; d) y, I; p) e, y.

3) After the letters of hard consonants, a connecting letter is written:

j) f; a) o; m) y.

4) After the letters of soft consonants, a connecting letter is written:

c) f; By; p) s.

5) Indicate the word in which the letter e is written:

d) himself...var; i) coffee...milk; e) bread...rob.

6) Indicate the word in which the mistake was made:

d) all-terrain vehicle; e) livestock breeder; b) food.

7) Which word is difficult?

k) came running; o) steamship; h) flew into.

The result was the word... (thank you!)

5. D/z: exercise 132 p. 110.

V. Summing up. Reflection. Students’ self-assessment of activities in the lesson

(Slide 14, 15)

I succeeded …

I was surprised

I liked it

I was happy for

I want thank ...for...

There is a flower on the board.

What is the name of this flower? (Flower-sam And flower)

Name the roots.

What would you like to ask me? (Why is the connecting vowel And?)

Do we know everything about compound words? (No)

This means that new discoveries await us in Russian lessons.

You said: “I want to thank...”

Gratitude is a complex word, it means to give goodness, kindness. Let's try to do good to everyone.

From two or even three words you can form a new word. This method of forming new words is called addition, and the words themselves are called complex. To understand where the roots are in a complex word, you must first correctly determine its meaning. For example, a steamship is not one that sails in pairs, but a ship that sails in pairs. Or a mousetrap is not a dexterous mouse, but a trap for mice.

There are words that look like complex words, but in fact they only have one root, and it emerges clearly after finding the meaning of the word. For example, yellowish is not yellow wool, but slightly yellow, the root is one (yellow), and ovat is a suffix. Or the greatest is not great tea, but simply very great.

Let's work on determining the meaning of words with two roots

Vacuum cleaner: A machine for removing dust by sucking it in with a stream of air.

Rhinoceros: A large southern mammal with one or two horns on the front of the muzzle.

Dump truck: A truck with a mechanically tipping body.

Scooter: Early 20th century: military name for a bicycle, a mechanical vehicle.

Scooter: Now: For children: a bar for riding with a standing handle on wheels or rollers.

Helicopter: A heavier-than-air aircraft with vertical take-off and landing, with a horizontal rotor “propeller”.

Airplane: A heavier-than-air aircraft with a power plant and a wing that produces lift.

(Interpretation taken from Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary)

Otherwise, a vacuum cleaner is something that sucks dust. Roots dust, suck.
Rhinoceros is an animal with a horn on its nose. Roots nose, horn.
A dump truck is a machine that dumps its own cargo. The roots themselves and the shaft. The C in front of the second root is a prefix.
A scooter is a device that rolls itself. Roots yourself, cat.
A helicopter is a vehicle that flies vertically. Roots vert, years.
An airplane is a device that flies itself. Root yourself, fly.

Examples of words with two roots and connectives o, e

Motorcade, motor rally, concrete mixer, chainsaw, water pipe, waterfall, water strider, all-terrain vehicle, helicopter, diver, trapper, starfall, digger, cook, bark beetle, icebreaker, lumberjack, centipede, mousetrap, meat grinder, oil pipeline, steamship, vacuum cleaner, machine gun, pedestrian, esophagus, bird catcher, fisherman, samovar, airplane, scooter, dump truck, steel worker, snowfall, glass cutter, diesel locomotive, camera, bread maker, electric locomotive.

The connecting vowel -e is written after the stems on the consonant soft, hissing and c (pedestrian, heartbeat, agriculture, etc.). There is an exception: after the stem, a soft consonant can also have a vowel -o. For example, a hitching post, (though a horse), a range finder, (even though there is a distance). The spelling of such words is most often determined by the dictionary.

The connecting vowel -o is written after the stem on a hard consonant.

Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -e-

kashEvar (porridge + cook)

birdsCatch (bird + catch)

pedestrian (walking + walking)

rain gauge (rain + measure)

vacuum cleaner (dust + suction)

poultry factory (poultry + factory)

oil pipeline (oil + conduct)

vegetable storage (vegetable + store)

journey (path + walk)

mousetrap

navigator

mudTreatment

becameEvar

shipwreck

surveyor

FreshFrozen

everywhereGod

ubiquitous

solstice

Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -o-

samovar (yourself + cook)

waterfall (water + fall)

iceOkol (ice + crush)

languageOved (language + know)

SnowFall (snow + fall)

helicopter (vertical + fly)

glass cutter (glass + cut)

concreteMixer (concrete + mix)

ZverOlov (beast + catch)

houseSidden (at home + sit)

camera

autoColumn

lightdiode

electric saw

testStirrer

Another list of difficult words with two roots and even three