How many thousand people does the city start with? Population of Crimea: total number, national, linguistic and religious composition

Moscow, July 19 - “News. Economy". Every year the population of Russian cities is increasing. Demographics is one of the main economic indicators urban development, so it is important to monitor the dynamics of population changes. INNOV has prepared a list of the most major cities Russia. The population of cities was used as the main indicator. According to Rosstat, large cities in Russia can be divided into several groups according to population size. Among them are cities with a population of 1.5 million to 500 thousand inhabitants (15 cities), 43 cities with a population of 500 thousand to 250 thousand inhabitants, and 90 cities with a population of 250 thousand to 100 thousand people. Below we present the top 10 largest cities in Russia. 1. Moscow

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 12,330,126 Change since 2015: +1.09% Moscow - capital Russian Federation, city federal significance, administrative center of Central federal district and the center of the Moscow region, which it is not part of. The largest city in Russia by population and its subject, the most populous of the cities located entirely in Europe, is among the top ten cities in the world by population. Center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. 2. St. Petersburg

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 5,225,690 Change since 2015: +0.65% St. Petersburg is the second most populous city in Russia. City of federal significance. Administrative center of the Northwestern Federal District and Leningrad region. St. Petersburg is the northernmost city in the world with a population of more than one million people. Among cities entirely located in Europe, St. Petersburg is the third most populous and also the first non-capital city in terms of population. 3. Novosibirsk

Population: (as of January 1, 2016): 1,584,138 Change since 2015: +1.09% Novosibirsk is the third largest city in Russia by population and thirteenth by area, and has the status of an urban district. Administrative center of the Siberian Federal District, Novosibirsk region and included in it Novosibirsk region; the city is the center of the Novosibirsk agglomeration. Trade, business, cultural, industrial, transport and scientific center of federal significance. 4. Ekaterinburg

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,444,439 Change since 2015: 1.15% Ekaterinburg is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Ural Federal District and Sverdlovsk region. It is the largest administrative, cultural, scientific and educational center of the Ural region. Ekaterinburg is the fourth most populous city (after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk) in Russia. The Yekaterinburg agglomeration is the fourth largest agglomeration in Russia. Refers to number three the most developed post-industrial agglomerations of the country. 5. Nizhny Novgorod

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,266,871 Change since 2015: -0.07% Nizhny Novgorod is a city in central Russia, the administrative center of the Volga Federal District and the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Nizhny Novgorod is an important economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Russia, the largest transport hub and government center of the entire Volga Federal District. The city is one of the main destinations for river tourism in Russia. The historical part of the city is rich in attractions and is a popular tourist center. 6. Kazan

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,216,965 Change since 2015: +0.94% Kazan is a city in the Russian Federation, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, major port on the left bank of the Volga River, at the confluence of the Kazanka River. One of the largest religious, economic, political, scientific, educational, cultural and sports centers in Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is among the objects World Heritage UNESCO. The city has a registered brand “the third capital of Russia”. Kazan is the largest city in the Volga region economic region. A compact spatial grouping of settlements has formed around Kazan, constituting one of the largest urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation. 7. Chelyabinsk

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,191,994 Change since 2015: +0.73% Chelyabinsk is the seventh largest city in the Russian Federation by number of inhabitants, the fourteenth largest by area, administrative center Chelyabinsk region. Chelyabinsk is the seventh largest city in the Russian Federation by population and the second in the Ural Federal District. In 2016, a forecast was made according to which the population of Chelyabinsk should decline from this year, but the number of residents continues to grow. 8. Omsk

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,178,079 Change since 2015: +0.36% Omsk is one of the largest cities in Russia, the administrative center Omsk region, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers. Omsk is large industrial center with enterprises from various industries, including defense and aerospace. It is a million-plus city, the second most populous in Siberia and the eighth in Russia. The Omsk agglomeration has more than 1.2 million people. 9. Samara

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,170,910 Change since 2015: -0.08% Samara is a city in the Middle Volga region of Russia, the center of the Volga economic region and the Samara region, forms the Samara urban district. It is the ninth most populous city in Russia. Over 2.7 million people live within the agglomeration (the third most populous in Russia). A large economic, transport, scientific, educational and cultural center. Main industries: mechanical engineering, oil refining and food industry. 10. Rostov-on-Don

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,119,875 Change since 2015: +0.45% Rostov-on-Don is the largest city in the south of the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Southern Federal District and Rostov region. With a population of 1,119,875 people, it is the tenth most populous city in Russia. It is also the 30th most populous city in Europe. Ranks 1st among cities in the Southern Federal District. Over 2.16 million people live within the Rostov agglomeration (the fourth largest agglomeration in the country), the Rostov-Shakhty polycentric agglomeration-conurbation has about 2.7 million inhabitants (the third largest in the country). The city is a large administrative, cultural, scientific, educational, industrial center and the most important transport hub in the South of Russia. Unofficially, Rostov is called the “Gateway of the Caucasus” and southern capital Russia.

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List of cities in the world by population with a population of more than 4 million people as of January 2015. There are 3 cities with a population of more than 20 million people and 16 cities with a population of more than 10 million people. The largest cities are Shanghai (24,150,000 people), Karachi (23,500,000) and Beijing (21,150,000). Among the largest cities there are two Russian ones: Moscow (10th place) and St. Petersburg (43rd place). The table shows the population of cities excluding suburbs.

Cities by population

#	City	Population (persons)	City area (km 2)	Population density (persons/km 2)	A country
1	Shanghai	24,150,000 (with rural suburbs)	6 340,50	3 809	PRC PRC
2	Karachi	23 500 000	3 527,00	6 663	Pakistan Pakistan
3	Beijing	21,516,000 (with rural suburbs)	16 410,54	1 311	PRC PRC
4	Delhi	16 314 838	1 484,00	7 846	India India
5	Lagos	15 118 780	999,58	17 068	Nigeria Nigeria
6	Istanbul	13 854 740	5 461,00	6 467	Turkey Turkey
7	Guangzhou	13 080 500	3 843,43	3 305	PRC PRC
8	Mumbai	12 478 447	603,40	20 680	India India
9	Tokyo	13 370 198	622,99	14 562	Japan Japan
10	Moscow	12 197 596	2 561,50	4 814	Russia, Russia
11	Dhaka	12 043 977	815,80	14 763	Bangladesh Bangladesh
12	Cairo	11 922 949	3 085,10	3 864	Egypt Egypt
13	Sao Paulo	11 895 893	1 521,11	7 762	Brazil Brazil
14	Lahore	11 318 745	1 772,00	3 566	Pakistan Pakistan
15	Shenzhen	10 467 400	1 991,64	5 255	PRC PRC
16	Seoul	10 388 055	605,21	17 164	The Republic of Korea The Republic of Korea
17	Jakarta	9 988 329	664,12	15 040	Indonesia Indonesia
18	Kinshasa	9 735 000	1 117,62	8 710	Democratic Republic Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo
19	Tianjin	9 341 844	4 037,00	2 314	PRC PRC
20	Mexico City	8 874 724	1 485,49	5 974	Mexico Mexico
21	Lima	8 693 387	2 672,30	3 253	Peru Peru
22	Bangalore	8 425 970	709,50	11 876	India India
23	London	8 416 535	1 572,15	5 354	UK UK
24	NY	8 405 837	783,84	10 724	USA USA
25	Bangkok	8 280 925	1 568,74	5 280	Thailand Thailand
26	Dongguan	8 220 207	2 469,40	3 329	PRC PRC
27	Tehran	8 154 051	686,00	11 886	Iran Iran
28	Ahmedabad	8 029 975	475,00	11 727	India India
29	Bogota	7 776 845	859,11	9 052	Colombia Colombia
30	Ho Chi Minh City	7 681 700	2 095,60	3 667	Vietnam Vietnam
31	Hong Kong	7 219 700	1 104,43	6 537	PRC PRC
32	Baghdad	7 180 889	4 555,00	1 577	Iraq Iraq
33	Wuhan	6 886 253	1 327,61	5 187	PRC PRC
34	Hyderabad	6 809 970	621,48	10 958	India India
35	Hanoi	6 844 100	3 323,60	2 059	Vietnam Vietnam
36	Luanda	6 542 944	2 257,00	2 899	Angola Angola
37	Rio de Janeiro	6 429 923	1 200,27	5 357	Brazil Brazil
38	Foshan	6 151 622	2 034,62	3 023	PRC PRC
39	Santiago	5 743 719	1 249,90	4 595	Chile Chile
40	Riyadh	5 676 621	1 233,98	4 600	Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
41	Singapore	5 399 200	712,40	7 579	Singapore Singapore
42	Shantou	5 391 028	2 064,42	2 611	PRC PRC
43	Saint Petersburg	5 225 690	1 439,00	3 631	Russia, Russia
44	Pune	5 049 968	450,69	6 913	India India
45	Ankara	5 045 083	1 910,92	2 282	Turkey Turkey
46	Chennai	4 792 949	426,51	21 057	India India
47	Abidjan	4 765 000	2 119,00	2 249	Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire
48	Chengdu	4 741 929	421,00	11 260	PRC PRC
49	Yangon	4 714 000	598,75	7 873	Myanmar Myanmar
50	Alexandria	4 616 625	2 300,00	2 007	Egypt Egypt
51	Chongqing	4 513 137	1 435,07	3 145	PRC PRC
52	Calcutta	4 486 679	200,70	24 252	India India
53	Xi'an	4 467 837	832,17	5 388	China Links . geogoroda.ru. Retrieved July 14, 2016. An excerpt characterizing the List of cities in the world by population Napoleon enters Moscow after a brilliant victory de la Moskowa; there can be no doubt about victory, since the battlefield remains with the French. The Russians retreat and give up the capital. Moscow, filled with provisions, weapons, shells and untold riches, is in the hands of Napoleon. Russian army, twice as weak as the French, does not make a single attempt to attack for a month. Napoleon's position is most brilliant. In order to fall with double forces on the remnants of the Russian army and destroy it, in order to negotiate an advantageous peace or, in case of refusal, to make a threatening move towards St. Petersburg, in order to even, in case of failure, return to Smolensk or Vilna , or stay in Moscow - in order, in a word, to maintain the brilliant position in which it was at that time French army It would seem that no special genius is needed. To do this, it was necessary to do the simplest and easiest thing: to prevent the troops from looting, to prepare winter clothes, which would be enough in Moscow for the entire army, and to properly collect the provisions that were in Moscow for more than six months (according to French historians) for the entire army. Napoleon, this most brilliant of geniuses and who had the power to control the army, as historians say, did nothing of this. Not only did he not do any of this, but, on the contrary, he used his power to choose from all the paths of activity that presented itself to him that which was the stupidest and most destructive of all. Of all the things that Napoleon could do: winter in Moscow, go to St. Petersburg, go to Nizhny Novgorod, go back, north or south, the way that Kutuzov later went - well, whatever he could come up with, was stupider and more destructive than what he did Napoleon, that is, to remain in Moscow until October, leaving the troops to plunder the city, then, hesitating, to leave or not to leave the garrison, to leave Moscow, to approach Kutuzov, not to start a battle, to go to the right, to reach Maly Yaroslavets, again without experiencing the chance of breaking through , to go not along the road that Kutuzov took, but to go back to Mozhaisk and along the devastated Smolensk road - nothing more stupid than this, nothing more destructive for the army could be imagined, as the consequences showed. Let the most skillful strategists come up with, imagining that Napoleon’s goal was to destroy his army, come up with another series of actions that would, with the same certainty and independence from everything that the Russian troops did, would destroy the entire French army like what Napoleon did. The genius Napoleon did it. But to say that Napoleon destroyed his army because he wanted it, or because he was very stupid, would be just as unfair as to say that Napoleon brought his troops to Moscow because he wanted it, and because that he was very smart and brilliant. In both cases, his personal activity, which had no more power than the personal activity of each soldier, only coincided with the laws according to which the phenomenon took place. It is completely false (only because the consequences did not justify Napoleon’s activities) that historians present to us Napoleon’s forces as weakened in Moscow. He, just as before and after, in the 13th year, used all his skill and strength to do the best for himself and his army. Napoleon's activities during this time were no less amazing than in Egypt, Italy, Austria and Prussia. We do not know truly the extent to which Napoleon’s genius was real in Egypt, where forty centuries they looked at his greatness, because all these great exploits were described to us only by the French. We cannot correctly judge his genius in Austria and Prussia, since information about his activities there must be drawn from French and German sources; and the incomprehensible surrender of corps without battles and fortresses without siege should incline the Germans to recognize genius as the only explanation for the war that was waged in Germany. But, thank God, there is no reason for us to recognize his genius in order to hide our shame. We paid for the right to look at the matter simply and directly, and we will not give up this right. His work in Moscow is as amazing and ingenious as everywhere else. Orders after orders and plans after plans emanate from him from the time he entered Moscow until he left it. The absence of residents and deputations and the very fire of Moscow do not bother him. He does not lose sight of the welfare of his army, nor the actions of the enemy, nor the welfare of the peoples of Russia, nor the administration of the valleys of Paris, nor diplomatic considerations about the upcoming conditions of peace. In military terms, immediately upon entering Moscow, Napoleon strictly orders General Sebastiani to monitor the movements of the Russian army, dispatches corps to different roads and Murat orders to find Kutuzov. Then he diligently gives orders to strengthen the Kremlin; then he makes an ingenious plan for a future campaign across the entire map of Russia. In terms of diplomacy, Napoleon calls to himself the robbed and ragged captain Yakovlev, who does not know how to get out of Moscow, sets out to him in detail all his policies and his generosity and, writing a letter to Emperor Alexander, in which he considers it his duty to inform his friend and brother that Rastopchin made bad decisions in Moscow, he sends Yakovlev to St. Petersburg. Having outlined his views and generosity in the same detail to Tutolmin, he sends this old man to St. Petersburg for negotiations.

The largest settlements in the Russian Federation are traditionally selected according to two criteria: occupied territory and population. The area is determined master plan cities. Population – the All-Russian Population Census, or Rosstat data, taking into account birth and death rates, if they are current.

There are 15 largest cities in Russia with a population of more than 1 million people. According to this indicator, Russia ranks third in the world. And their number continues to grow. More recently, Krasnoyarsk and Voronezh entered this category. We present to you the top ten most densely populated Russian megacities.

Population: 1,125 thousand people.

Rostov-on-Don became a million-plus city relatively recently - only thirty years ago. It is the only one among the ten largest cities in Russia that does not have its own metro. Its construction in 2018 will only be discussed. For now, the Rostov administration is busy preparing for the upcoming World Cup.

Population: 1,170 thousand people.

In the penultimate place in the list of the largest cities in Russia by population is the administrative center Povolzhsky district- Samara. True, starting from 1985, the population preferred to leave Samara as soon as possible, until by 2005 the situation improved. And now the city is even experiencing a slight increase in migration.

Population: 1,178 thousand people.

The migration situation in Omsk is not brilliant - many educated Omsk residents prefer to move to Moscow, St. Petersburg and neighboring Novosibirsk and Tyumen. However, since 2010 the population in the city has been growing steadily, for the most part due to the redistribution of population in the region.

Population: 1,199 thousand people.

Unfortunately, Chelyabinsk is experiencing problems with livability: residents complain about the abundance of dirt, giant puddles in the spring and summer, when, due to non-functioning storm sewers, entire neighborhoods turn into something like Venice. It is not surprising that about 70% of Chelyabinsk residents are thinking about changing their place of residence.

Population: 1,232 thousand people.

The capital of the Republic of Tatarstan rightfully bears the title of one of the most comfortable cities in Russia. This is likely one of the reasons why the city has experienced steady population growth since the mid-90s. And since 2009, Kazan has become a plus not only due to migration, but also due to natural growth.

Population: 1,262 thousand people.

Ancient and very beautiful city not worried better times in terms of the number of residents. The peak was in 1991, when its population exceeded 1,445 thousand people, and since then it has only been falling. A slight increase was observed only in 2012–2015, when the population increased by approximately 10 thousand people.

Population: 1,456 thousand people.

The “Capital of the Urals” became a million-plus city exactly 50 years ago, in 1967. Since then, having survived the population decline in the “hungry 90s,” the city’s population has been growing slowly but steadily. It is increasing, as in all major cities Russia, mainly due to migrants. But not the ones you thought about - the population replenishment mainly (more than 50%) comes from the Sverdlovsk region.

Population: 1,602 thousand people.

The third place in the list of the largest cities in Russia is occupied by the center of the Novosibirsk region. In addition to its million-plus status, the city can also boast of being among the top 50 cities in the world with the longest traffic jams. True, Novosibirsk residents are hardly happy about such a record.

However, unlike traffic jams, the demographic situation in the city is more or less successful. A number of regional and government programs aimed at increasing the birth rate and reducing mortality. For example, at the birth of a third or subsequent child, the family is awarded a regional certificate for 100 thousand rubles.

According to city authorities, if the current dynamics of population growth continue, then by 2025 the number of residents of the Novosibirsk region will increase to 2.9 million people.

Population: 5,282 thousand people.

The cultural capital of Russia, where polite intellectuals bow to each other, raising their berets, and where such animals as the “bun” and “curb” live, is demonstrating steady growth in both area and population.

True, this was not always the case; Since the end of the USSR, the population preferred to leave St. Petersburg. And only since 2012, positive dynamics began to be observed. In the same year, the city's five millionth resident was born (for the second time in its history).

1. Moscow

Population: 12,381 thousand people.

It is unlikely that the answer to the question: “Which is the most Big city in Russia?" came as a surprise to someone. Moscow is the largest city in Europe by population, but is not among the first.

More than 12 million people live here, and if we add to this the population of the near Moscow region, who regularly travel to Moscow for work and shopping, then the figure turns out to be more than impressive - 16 million. Due to the current economic situation in the country, the population is both modern Babylon and the surrounding areas will only increase. According to expert forecasts, by 2030 this number could reach 13.6 million people.

Muscovites are traditionally not happy with those who have come in large numbers, and those who have come in large numbers shrug their shoulders: “I want to live, and I even want to live well.”

The largest cities in Russia by area

It would seem that the list of the largest cities in Russia by area should coincide with the list of the largest populated cities, However, it is not. In addition to the simple population size, the area of ​​the city is influenced by many factors - from the historical method of territorial growth to the number of industrial enterprises in the city. Therefore, some positions in the ranking can surprise the reader.

Area: 541.4 km²

Samara opens the top 10 largest cities in Russia. She stretched across west bank the Volga River for more than 50 km with a width of 20 km.

Area: 566.9 km²

The population of Omsk exceeded a million people back in 1979, the city’s territory is large and, according to Soviet tradition, the city should have acquired a metro. However, the nineties struck, and construction since then has been going neither shaky nor slow, but in general nothing. There is not even enough money for conservation.

Area: 596.51 km²

Voronezh became a million-plus city quite recently - in 2013. Some areas in it are almost exclusively private sector - houses, from comfortable cottages to village ones, garages, vegetable gardens.

Area: 614.16 km²

Thanks to the historically established radial-ring development, Kazan is a fairly compact city with a convenient layout. Despite its size, the capital of Tatarstan is the only million-plus city in Russia that completely recycles its waste and has managed to maintain a more or less favorable environmental situation.

Area: 621 km²

The only regional city that is not administrative center and a population of over a million, Orsk seems to have been included in this rating by mistake. Its population is only 230 thousand people, who occupy an area of ​​621 km2, with a very low density (only 370 people per km2). The reason for such a huge territory with a small number of inhabitants is a large number of industrial enterprises within the city.

Area: 707.93 km²

Ufa residents have a spacious place to live - each person has 698 m2 of common territory cities. At the same time, Ufa has the lowest density street network among Russian megacities, which often manifests itself in huge multi-kilometer traffic jams.

Area: 799.68 km²

Perm became a million-plus city in 1979, then in the nineties, due to a general decline in the population, it lost this status for more than 20 years. Only in 2012 was it possible to return it. Permians live freely (the population density is not too high, 1310 people per km2) and green - the total area of ​​green spaces is more than a third of the citywide area.

Area: 859.4 km²

Although Volgograd became a million-plus city relatively recently - in 1991, it has long been among the top three in terms of territory size. The reason is the historically uneven urban development, where apartment buildings, village houses with plots and empty steppe spaces.

Area: 1439 km²

Unlike the compact radial-beam “old” Moscow, St. Petersburg is freely spread out at the mouth of the Neva. The length of the city is more than 90 km. One of the features of the city is the abundance water spaces, occupying 7% of the entire territory.

1. Moscow

Area: 2561.5 km²

AND unconditional first Moscow takes its place among the largest cities in Russia. Its area is 1.5 times larger than the area of ​​the second place in the ranking, St. Petersburg. True, until 2012, the territory of Moscow was not so impressive - only 1100 km2. It grew so significantly due to the annexation of the southwestern territories, the total area of ​​which reaches 1480 km2.

Population modern Russia lives mainly in cities. IN pre-revolutionary Russia prevailed rural population, is currently dominated by urban areas (73%, 108.1 million people). Right up Until 1990, Russia experienced a constant increase in urban population, promoting a rapid increase in its specific gravity in the country's population. If in 1913 urban residents accounted for only 18%, in 1985 - 72.4%, then in 1991 their number reached 109.6 million people (73.9%).

The main source of the steady growth of the urban population in Soviet period served as a tributary rural residents to cities due to redistribution between and agriculture. Important role in ensuring high rates of annual urban population growth, the transformation of some rural settlements to urban ones with changes in their functions. To a much lesser extent urban population The country grew due to the natural increase in urban population.

Since 1991 for the first time in many decades in Russia the urban population began to decline. In 1991, the urban population decreased by 126 thousand people, in 1992 - by 752 thousand people, in 1993 - by 549 thousand people, in 1994 - by 125 thousand people, in 1995 - for 200 thousand people. Thus, for 1991-1995. the reduction amounted to 1 million 662 thousand people. As a result, the share of the country's urban population decreased from 73.9 to 73.0%, but by 2001 it rose to 74% with an urban population of 105.6 million people.

The largest absolute reduction in the urban population occurred in Central (387 thousand people). Far Eastern (368 thousand people) and West Siberian (359 thousand people) regions. The Far Eastern (6.0%), Northern (5.0%) and Western Siberian (3.2%) regions are leading in terms of the rate of reduction. In the Asian part of the country, the absolute losses of the urban population as a whole are greater than in the European part (836 thousand people, or 3.5%, compared to 626 thousand people, or 0.7%).

The trend towards an increase in the share of the urban population continued until 1995 only in the Volga, Central Black Earth, Ural, North Caucasus and Volga-Vyatka regions, and in the last two regions the increase in urban population in 1991-1994. was minimal.

Basic reasons for the decline in urban population in Russia:

• the changed ratio of migration flows arriving in and leaving urban settlements;
• reduction in last years the number of urban-type settlements (in 1991 their number was 2204; by the beginning of 1994 - 2070; 2000 - 1875; 2005-1461; 2008 - 1361);
• negative natural increase population.

In Russia, it left its mark not only on the ratio of urban and rural populations in a territorial context, but also on the structure of urban settlements.

Population of Russian cities

A city in Russia can be considered a settlement whose population exceeds 12 thousand people and more than 85% of the population of which is employed in non-agricultural production. Cities are classified according to their functions: industrial, transport, scientific centers, resort cities. Based on population, cities are divided into small (up to 50 thousand people), medium (50-100 thousand people), large (100-250 thousand people), large (250-500 thousand people), largest (500 thousand people). - 1 million people) and millionaire cities (population over 1 million people). G.M. Lappo distinguishes the category of semi-medium cities with a population of 20 to 50 thousand people. The capitals of republics, territories and regions perform several functions - they are multifunctional cities.

Before the Great Patriotic War there were two millionaire cities in Russia, in 1995 their number increased to 13 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Volgograd, Omsk, Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Ufa, Chelyabinsk).

Currently (2009) there are 11 millionaire cities in Russia (Table 2).

A number of the largest cities in Russia with a population of more than 700 thousand, but less than 1 million - Perm, Volgograd, Krasnoyarsk, Saratov, Voronezh, Krasnodar, Togliatti - are sometimes called sub-millionaire cities. The first two of these cities, which were once millionaires, as well as Krasnoyarsk, are often called millionaires in journalism and semi-officially.

Most of them (except Tolyatti and partly Volgograd and Saratov) are also interregional centers of socio-economic development and attraction.

Table 2. Millionaire cities in Russia

More than 40% of the population lives in large cities of Russia. Multifunctional cities are growing very quickly, satellite cities appear next to them, forming urban agglomerations.

Millionaire cities are the centers of urban agglomerations, which additionally characterize the population and importance of the city (Table 3).

Despite the advantages of large cities, their growth is limited, as difficulties arise in providing cities with water and housing, supplying a growing population, and preserving green areas.

Rural population of Russia

Rural settlement is the distribution of residents among settlements located in rural areas. In this case, rural areas are considered to be all areas located outside urban settlements. IN beginning of XXI V. in Russia there are approximately 150 thousand rural settlements, which are home to about 38.8 million people (2002 census data). The main difference between rural settlements and urban ones is that their residents are primarily engaged in agriculture. In fact, in modern Russia, only 55% of the rural population is engaged in agriculture, the remaining 45% work in industry, transport, non-production and other “urban” sectors of the economy.

Table 3. Urban agglomerations of Russia

The nature of the settlement of the rural population of Russia varies according to natural areas depending on conditions economic activity, national traditions and customs of the peoples living in those regions. These are villages, villages, hamlets, auls, temporary settlements of hunters and reindeer herders, etc. Average density The rural population in Russia is approximately 2 people/km 2 . The most high density rural population is noted in the south of Russia in the Ciscaucasia ( Krasnodar region- more than 64 people/km 2).

Rural settlements are classified depending on their size (population) and functions performed. The average size rural settlements in Russia are 150 times smaller than urban ones. They are distinguished by size the following groups rural points:

• smallest (up to 50 inhabitants);
• small (51-100 inhabitants);
• medium (101-500 inhabitants);
• large (501-1000 inhabitants);
• the largest (over 1000 inhabitants).

Almost half (48%) of all rural settlements in the country are small, but they are home to 3% of the rural population. The largest share of rural residents (almost half) live in the largest settlements. Rural settlements in the North Caucasus are especially large in size, where they stretch for many kilometers and number up to 50 thousand inhabitants. The share of the largest settlements in the total number of rural settlements is constantly increasing. In the 90s of the XX century. settlements of refugees and temporary migrants have appeared, cottage and holiday villages are expanding in the suburbs of large cities.

By functional type The vast majority of rural settlements (more than 90%) are agricultural. Most non-agricultural settlements are transport (approx. railway stations) or recreational (near sanatoriums, rest homes, and other institutions), also industrial, logging, military, etc.

Within the agricultural type, settlements are distinguished:

• with significant development of administrative, service and distribution functions (district centers);
• with local administrative and economic functions (centers of rural administrations and central estates large agricultural enterprises);
• with the presence of large agricultural production (crop crews, livestock farms);
• without manufacturing enterprises, with the development of only personal subsidiary farming.

At the same time, the size of settlements naturally decreases from rural regional centers (which are the largest) to settlements without industrial enterprises (which, as a rule, are small and minute).