The modern human environment is called... This was due to

Introduction_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3

1. Man as an element of the environment_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6

2. The concept of habitat_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7

3.Human environment_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8

Conclusion_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14

List of used literature_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16

Introduction.

A person from birth has inalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He exercises his rights to life, rest, health protection, a favorable environment, and work in conditions that meet safety and hygiene requirements in the process of life. They are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

It is known that “life is a form of existence of matter.” This allows us to assert that a person exists in the process of life, consisting of his continuous interaction with the environment in order to satisfy his needs. The concept of “life activity” is broader than the concept of “activity”, since it includes into consideration not only the labor process of a person, but also the conditions of his rest, life and migration in the environment.

The basic principle of the existence and development of all living things is the principle of mandatory external influence: “A living body develops and exists only if there is external influences on him". Self-development of a living body is impossible.

The implementation of this principle in nature is achieved by the interaction of a living body with its surrounding natural environment, and in other conditions by the interaction of all living things with its surrounding habitat.

Ecology, the science of home, studies the state of the habitat and the processes of interaction of creatures with their environment. According to B.A. Nemirovsky, ecology is biological science, which is engaged in “the study of the collective coexistence of living organisms in one communal apartment called “environment”.”

WITH late XIX centuries began to happen significant changes in the human environment. The biosphere gradually lost its dominant significance and in regions inhabited by people began to turn into the technosphere. By invading nature, the laws of which are still far from being understood, and creating new technologies, people form an artificial habitat - the technosphere. If we take into account that the moral and general cultural development of civilization lags behind the pace scientific and technological progress, an increased risk to health and life becomes apparent modern man. In new technospheric conditions, biological interaction is increasingly being replaced by processes of physical and chemical interaction, and the levels of physical and chemical factors impacts have continuously increased in the last century, often affecting Negative influence on man and nature. Then the need arose in society to protect nature and people from the negative influence of the technosphere.

Anthropogenic, that is, caused by human activity, changes environment acquired such proportions in the second half of the 20th century that people directly or indirectly became their victims. Anthropogenic activities, which failed to create the technosphere required quality both in relation to man and in relation to nature, it was the root cause of many negative processes in nature and society.

Thus, the technosphere must be considered as a former region of the biosphere, transformed by people through direct or indirect influence technical means in order to best meet their material and socio-economic needs.

As academician A.L. Yanshin (b. 1911) notes, even the second World War with her colossal negative consequences did not upset the existing balance in nature. However, then the situation changed radically. Rapid population growth began, and the number of urban residents increased. This caused an increase in urban areas, including landfills, roads, country roads, and so on, which led to the degradation of nature and sharply reduced the distribution areas of many plants and animals due to deforestation, increased livestock numbers, and the use of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers. The problem of nuclear waste disposal and many other problems arose.

The human impact on the environment, according to the laws of physics, causes response from all its components. The human body tolerates certain influences painlessly as long as they do not exceed the limits of adaptation. An integral indicator of life safety is life expectancy. On early stages anthropogenesis (for primitive man) she was approximately 25 years old.

The development of civilization, which refers to the progress of science, technology, economics, Agriculture, usage various types energy, including nuclear energy, the creation of machines, mechanisms, the use of various types of fertilizers and pest control agents, significantly increase the number of harmful factors that negatively affect humans. By creating the technosphere, man sought to improve the comfort of the living environment, to increase communication skills, to provide protection from natural negative impacts.

But by developing the economy, the human population also created a socio-economic security system. As a result, despite the increase in the number harmful effects, the level of human safety increased. All this had a positive effect on living conditions and, in combination with other factors (improved medical care and the like) affected people's life expectancy. Currently, the average life expectancy in the most developed countries is about 77 years.

Thus, the technosphere created by the hands and mind of man, designed to maximally satisfy his needs for comfort and safety, has not lived up to people’s hopes in many ways. The emerging industrial and urban habitats turned out to be far from acceptable safety requirements.

1. Man as an element of the environment.

Most common system(the highest hierarchical level) is the “Man-Environment” (H-SO) system.

The most important subsystem that BJD considers is “Human-Environment” (H-E).

- “Man-Machine-Production Environment”, etc.

The central element of all life safety systems is the person, so the person plays a threefold role:

1. object of protection,

2. security object,

3. source of danger.

The high cost of operator error - up to 60% of accidents occur due to human fault.

2.The concept of habitat.

The human environment is divided into production and non-production (household).

The main element production environment is labor, which in turn consists of interconnected and interconnecting elements (Fig. 2) that make up the structure of labor: C - subjects of labor, M - “machines” - means and objects of labor; PT - labor processes, consisting of the actions of both subjects and machines, PrT - labor products, both target and by-products in the form of harmful and dangerous impurities formed in air environment etc., software of industrial relations (organizational, economic, socio-psychological, labor legal: relations related to work culture, professional culture, aesthetic, etc.). Elements of the non-production environment: natural environment in the form of geographical-landscape (G-L), geophysical (G), climatic (C) elements, natural disasters (ND), including fires from lightning and other natural sources, natural processes(PP) in the form of gas emissions from rocks and so on. can manifest itself both in non-production form (sphere) and production, especially in such industries National economy such as construction, mining, geology, geodesy and others.

The man is in the closest connection with all elements of the environment in the course of its activities.

Interest in the environment of one's habitat has always been characteristic of man. And this is understandable, since not only the well-being of the family, clan, tribe, but also its very existence depended on the quality of this environment.

In the Middle Ages, the dominance of scholasticism and theology weakened interest in the study of nature. However, during the Renaissance, the Renaissance great geographical discoveries revived again biological research naturalists.

3. Human habitat.

The habitat surrounding modern man includes natural environment, the built environment, the human-made environment, and the social environment.

Every day, living in the city, walking, working, studying, a person satisfies a wide range of needs. In the system of human needs (biological, psychological, ethnic, social, labor, economic), we can highlight needs related to the ecology of the living environment. Among them are the comfort and safety of the natural environment, environmentally friendly housing, the provision of sources of information (works of art, attractive landscapes) and others.

Natural or biological needs are a group of needs that provide the possibility of a person’s physical existence in conditions comfortable environment, is the need for space, good air, water, etc., the presence of a suitable environment familiar to a person. Greening biological needs is associated with the need to create an environmentally friendly, clean urban environment and maintain the good condition of natural and artificial nature in the city. But in modern big cities It is hardly possible to talk about the presence of sufficient volume and quality of the environment needed by every person.

As you grow industrial production More and more diverse products and goods were produced, and at the same time, environmental pollution increased sharply. Surrounding a person urban environment did not correspond the right person historical sensory influences: cities without any signs of beauty, slums, dirt, standard gray houses, polluted air, harsh noise, etc.

But still, we can confidently state that as a result of industrialization and spontaneous urbanization surrounding a person the environment gradually became “aggressive” for the senses, which had been evolutionarily adapted over many millions of years to the natural environment. In essence, man has relatively recently found himself in an urban environment. Naturally, during this time, the basic mechanisms of perception were unable to adapt to the changed visual environment and changes in air, water, and soil. This has not passed without a trace: it is known that people living in polluted areas of the city are more prone to various diseases. The most common are cardiovascular and endocrine disorders, but there is a whole complex of various diseases, the cause of which is a general decrease in immunity.

Due to sudden changes In the natural environment, many studies have arisen aimed at studying the state of the environment and the health of residents in a particular country, city, or region. But, as a rule, it is forgotten that a city dweller most spends time indoors (up to 90% of the time) and the quality of the environment inside various buildings and structures turns out to be more important for human health and well-being. The concentration of pollutants indoors is often significantly higher than in outdoor air.

Inhabitant modern city sees most flat surfaces- building facades, squares, streets and right angles - the intersections of these planes. In nature, planes connected by right angles are very rare. In apartments and offices there is a continuation of such landscapes, which cannot but affect the mood and well-being of the people who are constantly there.

The habitat is inextricably linked with the concept of “biosphere”. This term was introduced by the Australian geologist Suess in 175. The biosphere is the natural area of ​​distribution of life on Earth, including the lower layer of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the upper layer of the lithosphere. The name of the Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky is associated with the creation of the doctrine of the biosphere and its transition to the noosphere. The main thing in the doctrine of the noosphere is the unity of the biosphere and humanity. According to Vernadsky, in the era of the noosphere, a person can and should “think and act in a new aspect, not only in the aspect of an individual, family, state, but also in a planetary aspect.”

IN life cycle man and his environment constantly form current system“man is the environment.”

Habitat – the environment surrounding a person, determined in this moment a set of factors (physical, chemical, biological, social) that can have a direct or indirect, immediate or remote impact on human activity, his health and offspring.

Acting in this system, a person continuously solves at least two main tasks:

Provides its needs for food, water and air;

Creates and uses protection from negative influences, both from the environment and from its own kind.

Habitat is the part of nature that surrounds a living organism and with which it directly interacts. The components and properties of the environment are diverse and changeable. Any Living being lives in a complex and changing world, constantly adapting to it and regulating its life activities in accordance with its changes.

Adaptations of organisms to the environment are called adaptations. The ability to adapt is one of the basic properties life in general, since it provides the very possibility of existence, the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce. Adaptations appear on different levels: from the biochemistry of cells and the behavior of individual organisms to the structure and functioning of communities and ecological systems. Adaptations arise and change during the evolution of species.

Individual properties or elements of the environment are called environmental factors. Environmental factors are diverse. They can be necessary or, conversely, harmful to living beings, promote or hinder survival and reproduction. Environmental factors have different natures and specific actions. Environmental factors are divided into abiotic (all properties of inanimate nature that directly or indirectly affect living organisms) and biotic (these are forms of influence of living beings on each other).

Negative impacts inherent in the environment have existed as long as the World has existed. Sources of natural negative influences are natural phenomena in the biosphere: climate change, thunderstorms, earthquakes, etc.

The constant struggle for one's existence forced man to find and improve means of protection against the natural negative influences of the environment. Unfortunately, the emergence of housing, fire and other means of protection, improvement of methods of obtaining food - all this not only protected people from natural negative influences, but also influenced the living environment.

Over the course of many centuries, the human environment has slowly changed its appearance and, as a result, the types and levels of negative impacts have changed little. So, it continued until mid-19th century - the beginning of the active growth of human impact on the environment. In the 20th century, zones of increased biosphere pollution arose on Earth, which led to partial, and in some cases, complete regional degradation. These changes were largely facilitated by:

High rates of population growth on Earth ( population explosion) and its urbanization;

Increased consumption and concentration of energy resources;

Intensive development of industrial and agricultural production;

Massive use of means of transport;

Increased costs for military purposes and a number of other processes.

Man and his environment (natural, industrial, urban, household and others) constantly interact with each other in the process of life. At the same time, life can only exist in the process of movement of flows of matter, energy and information through a living body. Man and his environment interact harmoniously and develop only in conditions where the flows of energy, matter and information are within limits that are favorably perceived by man and the natural environment. Any excess of the usual flow levels is accompanied by negative impacts on humans and/or the natural environment. Under natural conditions, such impacts are observed during climate change and natural phenomena.

In the technosphere, negative impacts are caused by its elements (machines, structures, etc.) and human actions. By changing the value of any flow from the minimum significant to the maximum possible, it is possible to go through a number of characteristic states of interaction in the “person – environment” system: comfortable (optimal), acceptable (leading to discomfort without a negative impact on human health), dangerous (causing with prolonged exposure degradation of the natural environment) and extremely dangerous (lethal outcome and destruction of the natural environment).

Of the four characteristic states of human interaction with the environment, only the first two (comfortable and acceptable) correspond to the positive conditions of everyday life, while the other two (dangerous and extremely dangerous) are unacceptable for human life processes, conservation and development of the natural environment.

Conclusion.

There is no doubt that the technosphere has a detrimental effect on nature, and therefore on the human environment. Consequently, a person must solve the problem of protecting nature by improving the technosphere, reducing its negative impact to acceptable levels and ensuring safety in this environment.

A wasteful lifestyle takes a huge toll on the environment. One of the main reasons for the ongoing degradation of the natural environment around the world is unsustainable consumption and production patterns, especially in industrialized countries. In this case sustainable development means controlled, consistent with evolutionary laws nature and society, that is, development in which the vital needs of people of the present generation are satisfied without depriving future generations of such an opportunity.

Man is the most gifted and powerful representative of all life on Earth. In the 19th century, he began a broad transformation of the appearance of our planet. He decided not to wait for favors from nature, but simply to take from her everything he needed, without giving her anything in return.

Using more and more new technology and technology, people tried to create a living environment for themselves that was as independent as possible from the laws of nature. But man is an integral part of nature and therefore cannot tear himself away from it, cannot completely escape into the mechanical world he has created. Destroying nature, he went “backwards”, thereby destroying his entire existence. The modern period of development of society is characterized by a great increase in the conflict between man and the environment. Nature began to take revenge on man for his thoughtless consumer attitudes towards her. Polluted nature toxic substances, using his technical achievements, a person infects himself with this.

Bibliography:

1. Akimov V. A., Lesnykh V. V., Radaev N. N. Risks in nature, technosphere, society and economy. - M.: Business Express, 2004. - 352 p.

2. Life safety: Textbook. for universities./Ed. S. V. Belova; 5th ed., rev. and additional – M.: Higher. school, 2005.- 606 p.

3. Life safety: Proc. for intermediate professionals educational institutions / Under. ed.S.V. Belova; 5th ed., Spanish and additional – M.: Higher. school, 2006.- 424 p.

4. Kiryushkin A.A. Introduction to life safety. – SPb.: State. univ., 2001.- 204 p.

6. Reimers N. F. Hopes for the survival of humanity. Conceptual ecology. M., IC “Young Russia”, 1992.

7. Hwang T. A., Hwang P. A. Life safety. Rostov. 2000.

Life safety is a state of the environment in which, with a certain probability, harm to human existence is excluded.

The solution to the life safety problem is to ensure comfortable conditions life activity of people at all stages of life, in protecting people and their environment (industrial, natural, urban, residential) from the effects of harmful factors exceeding regulatory permissible levels.

Life activity– a complex biological process that occurs in the human body, allowing one to maintain health and performance. This is everyday activity (play, study, work) and rest, a way of human existence.

In the process of diversifying active work a person interacts with the environment.

Habitat - human environment, caused by a combination of factors (physical, chemical, biological, informational, social) that can have a direct or indirect, immediate or remote impact on a person’s life, his health and offspring. The human body tolerates certain impacts painlessly only as long as they do not exceed the limits of a person’s adaptive capabilities. Exceeding these limits may result in injury or illness.

Man has faced dangers from the moment he appeared. At first these were natural hazards, but with the development of human society, man-made ones were added to them, i.e. born of technology.

Scientific and technological progress, along with benefits, has also brought innumerable disasters to both humans and the environment. The number of various diseases is increasing (one of the latest is “computer vision syndrome”), intense air pollution is occurring, the number of ozone “holes” is increasing, the greenhouse effect is in effect, climate change, warming, etc. are observed.

Man himself is a source of danger. By his actions or inaction, he can create a real threat to life and health for himself and others.

The ongoing negative changes in the human environment predetermine the need for a modern specialist to be sufficiently prepared for successful solution emerging tasks to ensure the safety of workers and the population, to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes .

The natural environment is self-sufficient and can exist and develop without human participation, while all other habitats created by man cannot develop independently and without human participation are doomed to aging and destruction.

Biosphere - the natural area of ​​distribution of life on Earth, including the lower layer of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the upper layer of the lithosphere, which have not experienced anthropogenic impact.

In the process of evolution, man, trying to most effectively satisfy his needs for food, material values, protection from climatic and weather influences, and increasing his sociability, continuously influenced the natural environment and, mainly, the biosphere. To achieve these goals, he transformed part of the biosphere into territories occupied by the technosphere.

Technosphere - a region of the biosphere that has been transformed in the past by humans through the direct or indirect influence of technological means to best suit human socio-economic needs.

The technosphere, created by man using technical means, represents territories occupied by cities and towns, industrial zones, and industrial enterprises. Technosphere conditions also include the conditions of people staying at economic facilities, in transport, at home, in the territories of cities and towns. The technosphere is not a self-developing environment; it is man-made and after creation can only degrade.

In the process of life, a person continuously interacts not only with the natural environment and the technosphere, but also with people who form the so-called social environment. It is formed and used by a person for procreation, exchange of experience and knowledge, to satisfy his spiritual needs and accumulate intellectual values.

In recent years, since the end of the 19th century, the technosphere and social environment have been continuously developing, as evidenced by the ever-increasing proportion of territories on the earth's surface transformed by humans, the demographic explosion and urbanization of the population. The development of the technosphere occurs due to the transformation of the natural environment.

Thanks to the most high level organization of the person he achieved as biosocial being, its relationship with its habitat has significant features (Fig. 17.1).

Man as an ecological factor, unlike animals, not only uses natural resources, but, acting on it purposefully and consciously, dominates it, adapting the conditions To to your needs. This is achieved due to the fact that man, unlike plants and animals, who use the energy of the Sun or organic matter, accumulated in the process of photosynthesis, uses various energy sources, including those inaccessible to other living organisms: the energy of fossil fuels, water flows, atomic and thermonuclear. The power supply and technical equipment of man are steadily growing, and this allows him to populate a wide variety of living conditions and removes natural barriers limiting the size of human populations.

Rice. 17.1. Human habitat

Humanity is the only species on Earth that lives all over the world, which turns it into an environmental factor with a global spread of influence. Thanks to the impact on all the main components of the biosphere, the influence of humanity reaches the most distant ecological zones planets. A sad example of this is, in particular, the discovery of dangerous pesticides in the livers of penguins and seals captured in Antarctica, where none of them had ever been used. Another feature of man as an environmental factor is the active, creative nature of his activities. The energy manipulated by people is used to change the environment. Ecological optimum of human existence based on its biological mechanisms limited, and the possibility of widespread settlement is achieved not by people changing their own biology, but by creating a humanized environment.

Creation around you artificial environment The specificity of man as an object of environmental factors is also determined. This action is always mediated by the results of people's production activities. Natural ecosystems are replaced by anthropogenic ecosystems, the absolutely dominant ecological factor of which is man. The human environment includes bionatural and socio-cultural components, or natural And artificial environment. In natural and artificial environments, man is presented as a social being.

Factors of the natural and artificial environment have a constant influence on humans. Action results natural factors, differing in different areas of the inhabited part of the planet, throughout the history of mankind are currently manifested in the ecological differentiation of the population Globe, dividing it into races and adaptive types (see § 15.4). Social factors determine the formation and natural change economic and cultural types communities of people. They represent a complex of economy and culture that characterizes peoples who differ in origin, but live in similar natural resource conditions and are at the same socio-economic level.

Currently, economic and cultural types of human communities coexist on the planet, different in time of emergence, labor productivity, well-being and demographic indicators of the population. In a limited number, the “appropriating” type is retained with a predominance economic role hunting, fishing, gathering (pygmy hunters in Zaire, Aeta, Kubu tribes living in forests South-East Asia, separate groups Indians in the Amazon basin). Economic and cultural types are quite widely represented, the economic basis of which is hand (hoe) or plow (arable) farming and cattle breeding. Due to scientific and technological revolution In industrialized countries, economic and cultural types with highly developed commercial agriculture and animal husbandry have emerged.

The formation of economic and cultural types depends on the natural habitat of people. This dependence was strongest on early stages development human society. However, even then and especially in more later periods development of mankind, the dependence of the formation of economic and cultural types on natural conditions was mediated by the level of socio-economic development of the people. At all stages of history, society actively adapts nature to its own needs. The instrument of such adaptation, the link between the natural and humanized environment, is the labor activity of people, during which a person creates an economic and cultural environment on which the lifestyle, health indicators, morbidity structure,

The human environment is an interweaving of interacting natural and anthropogenic environmental factors, the set of which varies in different natural-geographical and economic regions planets. In such conditions, a single integral criterion of environmental quality from the point of view of its suitability for human habitation. According to the Charter of the World Health Organization, adopted in 1968, this criterion is health status of the population. In human ecology research, the term “health” is used in in a broad sense as an indicator of complete physical and mental well-being.

The main line of development of human ecology is currently aimed at solving problems of environmental management, developing ways rational environmental management, optimization of human living conditions in various anthropo-ecological systems.

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1.3. Man and environment

1.3.1. Man as an element of the “man-environment” system, concepts and apparatus for hazard analysis. Concepts and definitions
1.3.2. Functional impact negative factors environment and their regulation

1.3.1. Man as an element of the “man-environment” system, concepts and apparatus for hazard analysis. Concepts and definitions

Human health and life largely depend on lifestyle and habitat.
The topic of the impact of negative factors on humans and the environment goes beyond the boundaries of any one science or field human activity. This predetermined the need for the emergence new area knowledge - life safety. A necessary condition the existence of human society is activity. Exists a large number of types of activities that cover practical, intellectual and spiritual processes occurring in everyday life, social, cultural, industrial, scientific and other spheres of life.

Rice. 1 Human activity process model

A person exists in the process of life, continuous interaction with the environment in order to satisfy their needs.

Life activity— ϶ᴛᴏ daily activities and rest time of a person. It is worth noting that it occurs under conditions that pose a threat to human life and health. Life activity is characterized by quality of life and safety.

Activity— ϶ᴛᴏ active conscious interaction of a person with the environment.

The forms of activity are varied. The result of any activity should be its usefulness for human existence. But at the same time, any activity is potentially dangerous. It is worth noting that it can be a source of negative impacts or harm, leads to illness, injury and usually ends in disability or death.

A person carries out activities in the technosphere or the surrounding natural environment, that is, in the living environment.

Habitat- ϶ᴛᴏ the environment surrounding a person, which through a combination of factors (physical, biological, chemical and social) carries out direct or indirect impact on a person’s life activity, his health, ability to work and offspring.

In the life cycle, a person and the surrounding environment continuously interact and form a constantly operating system “person - environment”, in which a person realizes both physiological and social needs.

The environment is divided into natural, technogenic, industrial and domestic environment. Please note that every environment can pose a danger to humans.

The environment includes:

• Natural environment (Biosphere)- the area of ​​distribution of life on Earth that has not experienced technogenic impact (atmosphere, hydrosphere, top part lithosphere) It is worth noting that it has both protective properties (protecting humans from negative factors - temperature differences, precipitation) and a number of negative factors. Therefore, to protect against them, man was forced to create the technosphere.
• Note that the technogenic environment (Note that the technosphere)- a habitat created through the influence of people and technical means on the natural environment in order to best meet the environment's social and economic needs.

On modern stage During human development, society continuously interacted with the environment. Below is a diagram of human interaction with the environment.

In the 20th century, zones of increased anthropogenic and technogenic influence on the natural environment emerged on Earth. This led to partial and complete degradation. These changes were facilitated by the following evolutionary processes:

• Population growth and urbanization
• Increased energy consumption
• Massive use of transport
• Rising military spending

Classification of conditions for humans in the “person - environment” system:

• Comfortable(optimal) conditions for activity and rest. Man is adapted to these conditions to a greater extent. The highest performance will remain, the health and integrity of the components of the living environment are guaranteed.
• Acceptable. Characterized by deviations in the levels of flows of substances, energy and information from nominal values within acceptable limits. These working conditions do not have a negative impact on health, but lead to discomfort and decreased performance and productivity.
  Irreversible processes in humans and the environment are not caused. Permissible exposure standards are set forth in sanitary standards.
• Dangerous. Flows of substances, energy and information exceed permissible exposure levels. Have a negative impact on human health. Long-term exposure causes diseases and leads to degradation of the natural environment.
• Extremely dangerous. Flows can cause injury or death in a short period of time, causing irreversible damage to the natural environment.

Human interaction with the environment can be positive (in a comfortable and acceptable state) and negative (in a dangerous and extremely dangerous state). Many factors that constantly influence a person will be unfavorable for his health and active activity. The material was published on http://site

Security can be ensured in two ways:

1. eliminating sources of danger;
2. increasing protection from dangers and the ability to reliably withstand them.

Life safety- a science that studies dangers, means and methods of protection against them.

Danger— ϶ᴛᴏ threat of natural, man-made, environmental, military and other nature, the implementation of which can lead to deterioration of human health and death, as well as damage to the natural environment.

Main purpose of life safety teaching— protection of people in the technosphere from the negative impacts of anthropogenic and natural origin, achieving comfortable living conditions. The material was published on http://site

The solution to the problem of life safety is to provide comfortable conditions for people’s activities, their lives, and protect people and their environment from the effects of harmful factors.
For any harm, a person pays with his health and life, which can be considered as system-forming factors in the “man - environment” system, the final result of its functioning and the criterion of environmental quality.

The object of study of life safety is a complex of negatively impacting phenomena and processes in the “person - environment” system.