Ancient wooden merchant houses. From the 19th century to the present day: the merchant house on Kozhevnicheskaya Street was recognized as an architectural monument

We will try to be impartial - step by step we will consider the “being and consciousness” of this most interesting class, and it is up to you to draw the conclusions!

Being through everyday life

Everyday life is one of the most important components of human life. We create everyday life by adapting the surrounding space to suit us. We practically cannot exist outside of everyday life. Being determines consciousness, after all, no matter how controversial this statement may be.

Nevertheless, historians began a targeted study of everyday life not so long ago. And here the merchants provide a huge amount of material for research, especially for those who study traditional Russian culture or are simply interested in it.

Responsibilities and Features

In the 19th century, merchants were a fairly closed class with their own rights, responsibilities and characteristics. True, this did not mean that people from other classes could not join it, most often rich peasants or children of the clergy who did not want or did not have the opportunity to follow the spiritual path.

The internal, private life of the merchants in this century was an island of “ancient” Russian life according to the behests of their fathers and grandfathers, a patriarchal environment where any innovations were accepted, at a minimum, with suspicion, and traditions were considered the basis of life. Despite this, for the benefit of the business, the merchants did not shy away from completely secular entertainment - theaters, exhibitions, concerts. This helped to make the necessary contacts, conclude profitable deals, etc. But this penetration of European culture had practically no effect on everyday culture: after returning from a concert of a fashionable singer, a merchant could easily exchange his European dress for a red shirt and striped pants and sit down to drink tea with his family around a huge, polished samovar.

All writers and publicists of the 19th century noted that merchants were the most religious part of the urban settlement. On Saturdays, Sundays and twelve holidays, attendance at the service was considered obligatory. No less obligatory (or rather, almost no one thought that it could be any other way) was home prayer. Among the merchants, charity, donations to churches and monasteries, and patronage were considered a good deed.

One of the distinguishing features of merchants was thrift in everyday life, sometimes reaching the point of stinginess. If expenses associated with trade were considered necessary, then excessive expenses for personal needs were condemned by public opinion and considered reprehensible. It was quite normal for a son to wear his father’s or even his grandfather’s caftan. Such savings extended to all areas of private life: the houses were not very large, the table was quite modest, etc.

House

In Moscow, merchants settled mainly in Zamoskvorechye. The house was built of stone, with services located around it - a stable, barns, a bathhouse and a garden. The bathhouse as a necessary element of a merchant’s home was already dying out in the 19th century; now people went to public baths to wash. A wide variety of tools, horse harnesses, etc. were stored in the barns. They tried to build stables that were strong, warm and draft-free, so that the horses would not catch a cold. There were two types of horses, strong and hardy for traveling to other districts and provinces; beautiful and thoroughbred - to show off in the theater and at fairs. Well, the pantries were a whole kingdom of homemade supplies, prepared according to ancient recipes: they fermented cabbage, salted and pickled mushrooms and vegetables, soaked apples, salted meat and fish, made jam, sometimes for several days in a row, etc.

The house itself consisted of two parts - the front part and the living part. In the front part there was always a living room, but in general there could be several front rooms, because at that time some merchants were already organizing social receptions and balls - for the benefit of the business, of course. According to descriptions of contemporaries, in the first half of the 19th century, in most merchant houses, the front rooms were decorated richly, even luxuriously, but not always tastefully. The ceilings were painted: birds of paradise, sirens, cupids. As for furniture, sofas and sofas of several varieties, upholstered in soft fabric - blue, burgundy, brown, etc., were obligatory.

In the state rooms, the owners tried to hang their portraits and portraits of their ancestors; in glass cabinets, beautiful and expensive trinkets were pleasing to the eye. The interiors of merchant houses had an interesting feature: in the front rooms, all the window sills were filled with different-sized bottles with homemade liqueurs, tinctures, honeys and other things. Because of this, the windows in the rooms did not open well, and they were rarely ventilated by opening the vents. In such conditions, the air had to be refreshed artificially: they smoked mint, vinegar (remember “The Summer of the Lord”), and “tar.” Resin was a cone made of birch bark, into which pine resin and aromatic substances were poured, and a smoldering coal was placed on top.

The living rooms were located at the back of the house, they were more modestly furnished, with lower ceilings and overlooked the courtyard - another manifestation of modesty in everyday life. Often, bunches of medicinal herbs and flowers were hung in them, which drove away insects and also freshened the air. There is information that such bunches of grass could have been brought from various monasteries, and before being hung, they were sprinkled with holy water.

With what we call “household amenities”, it was even worse in merchant houses. The “conveniences,” that is, the toilets, were located in the courtyard, had an unpresentable appearance, were poorly built and rarely repaired; it was quite possible to fall into such a toilet.

...doctors were treated with suspicion

In general, among the merchants, doctors were viewed with suspicion, believing that they were more eager to receive a high fee than to cure the patient. This, coupled with the low level of medicine at that time, forced merchants and their households to prefer home remedies for treatment. For colds, the chest and throat were wrapped in a woolen stocking, punch was taken orally, for indigestion they were treated with kvass and salt, cucumber pickle, pickled pear, and attacks of hypertension were fought with bloodletting and leeches. Folk remedies could also sometimes cause harm; the same barber who drew blood could introduce an infection into the wound. Stomach diseases were directly dependent on diet. So what did Moscow merchants eat?

Food

Food in general is one of the most important components of national culture. The merchant environment became one of the guardians of Russian culinary culture.

First of all, how many times a day did you eat? At nine o'clock in the morning tea was served, at about two they had lunch, at about five o'clock they drank evening tea, at nine they had dinner. Now we can examine in detail what exactly the merchants ate and drank at each meal.

Tea was served with baked goods, the most varied, lean or fast, made from different doughs and with dozens of fillings, and also, of course, honey of different varieties, homemade jam, and store-bought marmalade. Donuts, pies, buns, cheesecakes, and large pies were also served for lunch and dinner.

Lunch traditionally consisted of several hot dishes and snacks. The first course was soup, most often cabbage soup, borscht, and ukha, then several hot dishes were served, and after them a variety of snacks and sweets. The title of favorite merchant soup was firmly held by cabbage soup with dried mushrooms. Since fasting was strictly observed among merchants, borscht was cooked in meat or lean broth, and fish soup was not always eaten. All recipes were traditional, received from their fathers, and practically no new ones were borrowed. All dishes consisted of simple ingredients that could be bought in Moscow markets. For the second course, the dishes were hearty and not difficult to prepare. During Lent it is porridge and vegetables with mushrooms, cooked with vegetable oil. On ordinary days - baked meat, poultry, kulebyak with a lot of filling (carrots with onions, minced fish and meat, mushrooms, etc.). The main seasonings were salt, pepper, onion, and bay leaf.

As for drinks, merchants drank homemade liqueurs, tinctures, kvass, sbitny, and sometimes homemade beer. All this was done at home and did not require large expenses. Store-bought wine and vodka appeared on the table only on Sundays and holidays.

Sweets consisted primarily of baked goods - large pies filled with fresh fruit or homemade jam, small pies, buns, gingerbread cookies, and gingerbread cookies.

Between the four main meals, the merchants and merchantwomen ate nuts, marmalade and homemade jam. It was made with sugar and honey syrup from various fruits and berries. Cooking could take a day or more. The merchant's love for tea and tea parties, which became almost a textbook sign of belonging to this class thanks to the famous painting by Kustodiev, is worth a separate discussion. Indeed, the merchant class and the tea party are almost inseparable.

In the 19th century, several types of tea were drunk in Russia - “ordinary”, “brick with salt, butter and milk”, “ma-yu-kon”, “liang-xing”, “pearl or golden-shaped Khan”. It is likely that the price of “ordinary” tea was much lower than that of “Khan’s pearl” tea. But even “ordinary” tea was of high quality. Proper preparation of tea was of great importance. Dry tea was always poured with boiling water and infused a little. Cream could be added to tea, but in no case sugar. It was believed that sugar spoils the taste and aroma of tea if it is added directly to the cup. Sugar was served separately, and tea was drunk as a bite. Various sweets could be served with tea, such as jam, pastries, or there could simply be tea drinking with only sugar. Over tea they could talk on various topics, from discussing city news to marrying off their daughters. Merchants made deals worth millions of rubles while sitting over tea. Merchant families had tea many times a day (necessarily in the morning and evening). Guests were always offered to drink tea; this was in some way a manifestation of cordiality and hospitality. A samovar was an obligatory attribute of the tea ceremony. Traditionally, it was placed in the center of the table, with tea cups and plates with pastries placed around it. The head of the family poured himself tea first, followed by the rest in order of seniority.

Merchant fashion

In the first half of the 19th century, merchants gradually began to divide into two groups - “fashionistas” who wore European clothes, shaved or trimmed their beards, wore perfume, etc., and adherents of “Russian dress”. Often the division into these two groups was based on age. The father could wear “Russian dress”, and the son could dress in French or German fashion. Women's clothing included both traditional and European features. The “golden merchant youth”, or “fashionistas”, had virtually no interest in trading or any other activity, preferring to spend the capital of their fathers, who adhered to the traditions of their ancestors, on European clothes, hanging out with gypsies, and gambling. Their clothes may not have differed from aristocratic ones, but they behaved in it uncertainly. In addition, they were given away by incorrect, distorted speech and an almost complete lack of knowledge of foreign languages ​​(primarily French). Gradually they became unaccustomed to such speech, while their fathers continued to say “otteleva”, “otseleva”, “akhter”, “kamplient”, “evosya”, “evtot”, “namnaya” and wear frock coats, overcoats and caps.

At home, merchants with beards liked to wear loose shirts reminiscent of peasant shirts (red was especially popular). Sometimes they also wore robes, but this was quite rare, at least in the first half of the 19th century. They spent little money on clothes, preferring to wear their father’s, or even grandfather’s, clothes.

The most distinctive was women's merchant clothing. The dress was cut according to European patterns, but shawls and jackets were often put on top of it, and scarves were tied on the head. The individuality of the costume was emphasized by ribbons, frills, and lace. Most often they were bought cheaply, at sales known throughout Moscow on Fomin Monday, where you could buy scarves, shawls and lace that had just gone out of fashion. Dresses, of course, were divided into festive and casual. Everyday people wore them at home, when visiting relatives or neighbors, or when going to the market. Festive ones were worn to church and fairs. The number of dresses the merchants owned depended on the family’s income, but even here wastefulness was not encouraged. In the first half of the 19th century, women from the merchant class, especially young ones, began to wear caps and hats.

It is impossible to ignore the issue of decoration of deeds of sale. As a rule, wealthy merchants gave their wives and daughters quite expensive jewelry - gold rings with precious stones, pearl necklaces, gold earrings, finely crafted gold or silver hair combs made by jewelers. If you look at the “ceremonial” portraits of wealthy or rich merchants and their wives, the modest dark clothes of the husbands contrast with the bright dress of the wife, and if the portraits depict an elderly couple, then in any case there are decorations in the women’s costume. On each finger there is a gold ring with or without stones. The elderly have a pearl collar of the dress, woven using the traditional Russian “lower” technique, the young have pearl necklaces, gold chains, everyone has earrings in their ears, often bracelets. Jewelry was not worn to church.

Leisure

Merchants and their families visited the theater, guests, festivities, and fairs just like ordinary customers. The fair was a traditional place of entertainment, and theaters were just becoming fashionable among merchants. In the mid-19th century, theaters in Moscow were mainly home theaters. Their number in Moscow alone reached 20. Several of the most famous can be named: Prince N.P. Yusupov in Kharitonyevsky Lane, Count N.P. Sheremetyev in Kuskovo and Ostankino, as well as Count S.P. Apraksina on Znamenka. The imperial theaters in Moscow were the Bolshoi and Maly (opened in 1825). Plays of a dramatic or comedic nature were especially popular, while merchants did not like operas and ballets. If the performances at the Maly Theater are somewhat reminiscent of performances at fairs (this does not mean the similarity of the action, costumes, and acting, but the similar orientation of the productions - both here and there, everyday stories are played out), then opera and ballet are completely new phenomena, for merchants are incomprehensible. Strange costumes (especially for ballet) and the behavior of actors on stage - all this caused bewilderment and sometimes quite critical assessment among merchants. In turn, merchants loved to listen to (and even perform) traditional Russian songs at festivities or during holidays. They were closer to them, and besides, an important role was played by the fact that these songs “delighted the ears” of their grandfathers and fathers. In the first half of the 19th century, the merchants began to organize gala dinners, sometimes even balls.

Summer festivities, in which merchants also participated, took place along the main Moscow streets, around the Kremlin, in Sokolniki and Maryina Roshcha, as well as in the then surrounding areas of the city - in Tsaritsyno, Kuntsevo, Kuskovo, on Vorobyovy Gory, in Kuzminki, Ostankino, Kolomenskoye, Arkhangelsk. Winter festivities (morning walks and “skating”) took place in the Kremlin Garden, on Tverskoy Boulevard, along the Moskva River embankment and Novinsky Val. At the festivities held in the spring, clowns and magicians were always present. On May 1, a country party opened in Sokolniki and Maryina Roshcha. It should be noted that in the summer, mainly merchants and other city people took part in the festivities, as the nobles went to their estates outside of Moscow. Regimental and instrumental music played in gardens or parks, gypsies sang and danced, city residents rode in boats, and fireworks were displayed in the evenings.

It can be said that in the first half of the 19th century, the life of the Moscow merchants represented a unique synthesis of traditional Russian culture with elements of European culture, which appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century, beginning to penetrate into it. Nevertheless, Orthodoxy was considered the foundation of private and public life. The process can be abstractly depicted as a change in the outer shell without changing the inner core, the foundations.

In Murom, as in any other merchant city, civil buildings of the 18th-19th centuries have been preserved, mainly the estates and mansions of Murom merchants and merchant women. Unfortunately, many ancient buildings were destroyed, because after large fires at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. the city was completely rebuilt.

KRASNOARMEYSKAYA STREET

From the Ermakov estate you can walk along Uspenskaya Street (modern Krasnoarmeyskaya Street). The street is small, it is closed on both sides by church buildings: on the one hand, the Annunciation and Trinity Monasteries, on the other, the Assumption (St. George) Church, built in 1792 at the expense of the merchant Dmitry Ivanovich Likhonin. This is one of the few streets of modern Murom, which to some extent has preserved the mood and appearance of the district town of the beginning. XX century There are one-story houses with a rustic look “with three windows”, and two-story houses with a wooden top and a stone bottom. Such half-stone houses were very convenient both for living and for running your own business or craft. Nearby is the Shtapsky ravine (or Uspensky - after the name of the temple).
Rich stone mansions stand out among the ordinary buildings on Krasnoarmeyskaya Street (formerly Uspenskaya). One of them (25 Krasnoarmeyskaya St.) belonged to the hereditary honorary citizen Fyodor Vasilyevich Suzdaltsev. This beautiful two-story house with columns is still the decoration of the entire street. Fyodor Vasilyevich bought it in 1846. There are practically no houses of this type left in Murom. Unfortunately, the building requires restoration.
The owner of the house F.V. Suzdaltsev was engaged in the linen and bread trade and had a linen establishment. In 1848 he was elected burgomaster to the magistrate, and then city mayor (from 1857 to 1859). The position of mayor was held by his father Vasily Timofeevich and older brother Ivan.

St. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 25. House of merchant Zvorykin, XIX century.

St. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 27. House of merchant Zvorykin, XIX century. (in municipal ownership).

PERVOMAISKAYA STREET

Modern Pervomayskaya Street in Murom stretches from north to south for more than two kilometers. It originates from the ancient administrative center of the city - the Kremlin over the Oka. Parallel to it is located one of the central artels of the city - st. Lenin.

In the 17th century, after the city had long ago lost its significance as a military outpost and the Kremlin had fallen into disrepair, the Nikolo-Zaryadskaya Church was built on its northwestern side. From her the street was called Nikolskaya.
Many centuries passed over the street, but the winds of time changed its appearance little. And the easier it is to mentally imagine the events of long ago, which the old street witnessed.

Some hundred years ago, on Pervomaiskaya only certain blocks were once covered with cobblestones. On the road and on the sidewalks, not only passers-by, but also horses and carts got stuck in the mud. But for several decades now, the roadway has been covered with asphalt. Over time, the appearance changed. In the south, some tiny wooden houses fell to the onslaught of builders. A deep ravine stretched from the river to the middle of the street. Postal routes from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod and Siberia ran along its bottom. Along Nikolskaya they went out onto Moskovskaya and out of the city towards Moscow.
In October 1790, A.N. was taken to Siberian exile along this street. Radishcheva. Dishonored, sick, shackled, he saw life around him that confirmed he was right. In 1826, along this same mournful road, the wives of the Decembrists, exiled to Siberia, went to hard labor to join their husbands. The princely carriages carried E.I. Trubetskoy, M.N. Volkonskaya, A.G. Muravyov. The 23-year-old went into exile along the same road, separated from his family and fiancée.

In several places, the street blocks recede deeper into the area. Here, at the intersection with Komsomolskaya Street, since those ancient times, when one of the water booths, built along with the water supply system in the Middle Ages, stood here. XIX century, a wasteland was formed, In the 60s. of our century they tried to turn it into a youth park, but it didn’t work out. This place changed and became one of the remarkable corners of the city after they decided to install here a bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor Rostislav Apollosovich Belyakov.

Zworykin House

Address: st. Pervomaiskaya, 4
The Zvorykin House is the main building of the Murom Historical and Art Museum. Three-story mansion with a mezzanine from the 19th century. - one of the largest and most beautiful houses in the city. A world-famous scientist, “the father of television,” (1889-1982) was born and spent his youth here. There is a memorial plaque installed in the Zvorykin mansion in Murom, and a monument is located in front of his home. For a long time, the Zvorykins’ house housed exhibitions on the history and culture of Murom. The building is currently closed due to upcoming reconstruction.

Zworykin House

Former City Council building

Address: st. Pervomaiskaya, 6
The art gallery is another notable building. It is located next to the Zvorykins’ house and occupies a two-story building from the early 19th century. (1815), which previously belonged to the City Duma.
The exhibition of the art gallery presents the best art collections of the museum. Based on the collection of Russian and Western European art of the 17th - 19th centuries. lies the collection of Counts Uvarov from their Karacharov estate "Red Mountain" (Kirova St.). In the gallery, visitors will be able to see family portraits, collectible furniture, porcelain, as well as paintings by Russian and Western European masters, located in.

Art Gallery

House of the Likhonin merchants, 1816 st. Pervomaiskaya, 14

House of merchant Voshchinin, 1846 st. Pervomaiskaya, 22

The building of the trading shop of the merchant Myazdrikov. XX century st. Pervomaiskaya, 5

Wojtas employee store building, 20th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 11

House of the merchant Kiselev, XVII-XIX centuries. st. Pervomaiskaya, 23

House of the tradesman Serebrennikov of the 20th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 31

Tent of the merchant Myazdrikov, 19th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 37

House of merchant Kiselev, 1860 st. Pervomaiskaya, 39

House of the Shvedov-Karatygins

On the former Blagoveshchenskaya Street (now Timiryazev Street, 3) stands one of the most interesting houses in the city. Abandoned to the mercy of fate and forgotten by everyone, it makes a depressing impression, gaping with the empty eye sockets of broken windows. Old-timers call it "Karatygin's House". However, in local history literature, the former mansion of the Karatygin merchants is mentioned only with the proclamation of Soviet power. Few people know that in 1875 it was located. For a long time nothing was known about the fate of the house and its owners. Archival research has shown that the Karatygin House has a very interesting history.

Initially, the house belonged to the merchant of the first guild, Grigory Aleksandrovich Shvedov. G.A. Shvedov was born in 1804. First he lived in Vladimir, and then in Orenburg. Having accumulated capital, in 1831 he joined the merchants of the second guild of Simbirsk. Four years later G.A. Shvedov became a merchant of the first guild. In 1835, together with his family, the merchant moved to Stavropol, and two years later - to Murom. On May 17, 1837, becoming a Murom merchant, G.A. Shvedov acquires a plot of land in the 16th block on Blagoveshchenskaya Street and builds a beautiful house. Below, in the ravine, there was a linen factory, purchased on September 29, 1836. Three years later, Shvedov’s factory was considered one of the best in the city. About its owner, local historian A.A. Titov wrote enthusiastically: “The merchant G.A. Shvedov, having again set up the factory in the best possible way, with his capital and knowledge of chemistry and mechanics, promises good success in this manufacturing industry.” It is also known that G.A. Shvedov was engaged in beet processing and sugar production. On May 13, 1843, the Senate elevated G.A. Shvedov and his family to hereditary honorary citizenship. The family of the merchant of the first guild was large: his wife Elena Ivanovna and five children - Peter (b. 1829), Mikhail (b. 1832), Elena (b. 1834), Nikolai (b. 1837), Anna (b. 1841) and Ivan (b. 1844). After the death of their father, the Shvedov brothers were unable to independently conduct trading operations. Gradually they went bankrupt. On December 7, 1862, the Shvedov family estate passed to the merchant of the third guild, Maxim Afanasyevich Karatygin.
Cm.

House of the Shvedov-Karatygins

House of the Zhuravlevs

St. Vorovskogo, 2. . 1970–1975

For several years it stood homeless - with broken windows and boarded up doors, abandoned to the mercy of fate.

TRADE RANKS

Shopping arcades
Square of the 1100th anniversary of Murom, no. 2

The shopping arcades in Murom were built in 1816. This is a fairly simple, classical structure, but not without the majesty that the arches and massive columns of the Doric order give it. Under the rows there were deep cellars with vaulted ceilings where grain was stored. The quality of construction of the shopping arcades is such that they have been able to withstand almost 200 years with virtually no repairs. The colorful shopping arcades appear repeatedly in various films. But being scenery in a movie is by no means their only or main function. There is still trade here, and behind the rows there is a large city market.
The following facilities are located in this building: Central Library, Cafe "Barin".

MOSKOVSKAYA STREET

Moskovskaya Street is the central street of Murom. Formed in the beginning. XIX century after the approval of the new city plan.

St. Moskovskaya, 13

The exhibition center is located in a two-story mansion of the Golubev merchants of the 19th century, closing the first block of Moskovskaya Street. Temporary exhibitions are held in the Center's halls, and in the two large upper halls there is an exhibition dedicated to the history of the city. Here you can see both household items and sacred objects - icons, church utensils.
Cm. .

St. Moskovskaya, 11


St. Moskovskaya, 9


St. Moskovskaya, 7


St. Moskovskaya, 5







House of the Voshchinin merchants.
St. Moskovskaya, 2. Former "Children's World"

St. Moskovskaya, 4

House of the Zvorykin merchants. House of the bourgeois Konstantinova (19th century)
St. Moskovskaya, 33

Old police building. “In the year 1743, the magistrate of the city of Murom established the first police chief office in the Vladimir province, which marked the beginning of the public order service.”

It was around this place that the riots began on June 30, 1961.
Nowadays it is the building of the Murom District Internal Affairs Directorate.

House of merchant I.V. Korshchikova

Address: st. Moskovskaya, 26
In 1886, the newspaper Sovremennye Izvestia, commenting on the progress of the investigation, wrote that the Murom merchant I.V. Korshchikov had a very dark reputation. The former beggar of the village of Karacharovo suddenly began to become rich. There was talk about selling counterfeit money. Back in the early 1880s. he bought two stone houses in Murom - on Rozhdestvenskaya Street (not preserved) and on Moskovskaya (No. 26).
In 1885, yesterday's peasant became a merchant. It is known that initially I.V. Korshchikov was engaged in wine farming (one of the most profitable businesses in Russia). In the 1890s. merchant I.V. Korshchikov and his son Ivan owned a stone shop in Gostiny Dvor. Having accumulated capital in the wine business, by the end of the 90s. The Korshchikovs engaged in an equally profitable grain trade. After the death of the head of the family (he died in 1905), Mikhail Korshchikov began to manage trading affairs. In 1911 he owned nine bread shops. .
.


in microdistrict Verbovsky.

Copyright © 2016 Unconditional love

Three unique wooden estates are located close to each other on the street. First of May (formerly Kupecheskaya street). The buildings were built in 1830 - 1861 and retain the Empire features of typical “model” projects of provincial urban housing of the first half of the 19th century.

Of particular interest are the biographies of local merchants - textile manufacturers - builders and subsequent owners of these architectural monuments.
Priest's estate (St. Pervogo Maya, 3)
The estate of the priest of the neighboring Church of the Resurrection is a typical example of the development of Pavlovsky Posad in the 1850-1860s.

The wooden building has preserved with rare completeness the features of provincial urban housing of its time. Adjacent to the house with windows facing the street is a planked fence with a gate and a wicket. The utility yard is closed by a log connection of storerooms and sheds, separating it from the garden area.
A one-story log residential building with a mezzanine and a spacious cold entryway are placed on a high underground, and the kitchen area adjacent to the entryway is on a brick semi-basement. The main volume of the building in its typology, internal layout and individual details retains echoes of Empire architecture.

Plan of the priest's house.
Based on the proportions of the plan, the symmetry of the front facade, topped with a steep mezzanine gable, we can come to the conclusion that the construction of the house was carried out according to one of the “exemplary” standard construction projects of the early 19th century.
The plank cladding of the facades, imitating small ribbon rustication, the figured window casings and most of the window fillings date back to the 1900s.
Of the previous artistic forms, the mezzanine cornice with mutulas, the eight-glazed frame and strict window frames with a decorative lock on the side courtyard facade, and the outer door with an Empire pattern of panels have survived.

The structure of the building, expressed in a three-part plan, the presence of an underground floor, a side entrance and the predominant height of the residential front log house brings the monument closer to peasant housing.
Inside, the house bears traces of later redevelopment.

Among the interior elements that have been preserved from the old days are a tiled stove and a staircase in the entryway, fenced with turned railings.
Estate of R.L. Shchepetilnikova (1 May St., 7)
The estate is an example of a wealthy merchant estate from the mid-19th century. The estate complex is represented by the main house and a long row of courtyard buildings. In the past, there was a garden in the back of the plot.

Photos from 2009 - 2013.
A large two-story merchant house is located on the red line of the former "Merchant" street, facing it with a seven-window facade. The first floor of the building is made of brick on a white stone plinth and plastered. The wooden second floor is covered with rusticated planks.
The residential building was built according to the “exemplary” design of the first half of the 19th century. in 1861 and retains the features of an Empire style building.

Plan of the first floor of Shchepetilnikov's house.
In the old days, the middle part of the front facade was completed with a triangular wooden pediment, now lost. On the ground floor, the middle part of the building is emphasized by the arched shapes of the lower window openings.

The planes of the walls are decorated with strict strip platbands with an upper shelf and relief stone locks that have survived above the windows of the secondary facades.
A certain elegance is introduced into the architecture of the house by the pseudo-Gothic motif of a pointed lintel, present in the three-part windows of the second floor overlooking the courtyard.
The wooden rear part of the building, with traces of later alterations, contains a staircase, a cold entryway with closets and apartments built in modern times. On the courtyard side, the house was enlarged by a mid-20th century extension.

The top, front floor is slightly higher than the first. The plan of the main oldest volume of the building did not suffer significant losses. The premises are connected according to the principle of a circular enfilade. Along the main facade there is a central hall with two corner rooms flanking it. The walls are covered with cornices. The interior retains white tiled stoves and massive double-leaf doors with a complicated pattern of panels.
Single-story log outbuildings with an open frame form several connections from a number of isolated rooms under a common roof.

The house was built by the Ratman of Pavlovsk Posad in 1848, 1849, 1852, Bogorodsky merchant of the III guild, owner of a silk and cotton fabric factory “near the village of Vokhna”, which produced nanka and “eraser”, Old Believer Rodion Leontievich Shchepetilnikov(c. 1777-1852). Rodion Leontyevich was married to Anna Egorovna (1778-before 1846), who gave her husband children: Yakov (born 1803), Stepan (born 1805), Natalya (1809), Savelia (born 1815), Matrona (born 1817).
Shchepetilnikov's factory was located on the left bank of the river. Vokhonki, north of the bridge at the end of the street. Dzerzhinsky (Shirokovskaya) [see. map].

After Rodion, the house was inherited by a merchant of the III guild, the owner of a weaving and dyeing factory in Pavlovsky Posad, Yakov Rodionovich Shchepetilnikov(1803-?), married to a former peasant woman from the village of Pavlovo (Vokhna) Pelageya Petrovna (1811-?). According to materials from 1857, he had children: sons Andron (Andrey) (1830-?) and Egor (1836-?) and daughters Avdotya and Natalya (1833-?). In 1857 it was stated that he inherited his house from his father. Thus, the indication of the house at E.N. Podyapolskaya as “the estate of Y.R. Shchepetilnikov” - needs correction.

The house was then taken over Andron (Andrey) Yakovlevich, who owned a family enterprise in 1888 and was married to Nastasya (Anastasia) Sidorovna, née Kuznetsova (1833-?), from whom he had six sons: Vasily (born 1853), Ivan (born 1855), Peter (born 1856 ), Stepan, Matvey and Konstantin. It is interesting that Anastasia Sidorovna Shchepetilnikova-Kuznetsova was the older sister of one of the largest industrialists and entrepreneurs in Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning. XX centuries - Matvey Sidorovich Kuznetsov (1846-1911), owner of the famous “M.S. Kuznetsov Partnership for the Production of Porcelain and Earthenware Products”. After the death of Sidor Terentyevich Kuznetsov (1806-1864), his porcelain factories were inherited by his only son, Matvey, who was then only 18 years old. According to some information, A.Ya. Shchepetilnikov acted as one of his guardians. By 1890, Anastasia Sidorovna was the owner of a cotton factory in Pavlovsky Posad with 40 workers, which was managed by her son Pyotr Andreevich.
Subsequently, the house passed to the eldest son of A.Ya. Shchepetilnikova - Vasily Andreevich Shchepetilnikov- merchant, city commissioner of Pavlovsky Posad (1914-1918), member of the board of trustees of the Pavlovsky Posad women's gymnasium (1907) and the city public hospital (1911-1918), trustee of the Old Believer Church of St. Great Martyr Dmitry of Thessalonica in Pavlovsky Posad (1915). In 1917, the Shchepetilnikov family home with land was valued at 6,529 rubles.

Estate N.F. Frolova (1st May st., 6)
The wooden estate occupies an elongated plot overlooking the high left bank of the Vokhonka. It is quite difficult to get to it, since it is included in a block of residential buildings surrounded by a common fence.

Photo from 2009
The estate was founded by the Frolov merchant family in the first half of the 19th century. The estate is not connected with the urban environment and, having an orientation towards the river valley, stands apart.
The house is located in the middle of the plot, in a garden, terraced down to the river. The deep yard is bordered by a log outbuilding.

Plan of the Frolovs' house.
The wooden one-story residential building was built in the Empire style in 1830-1840. It is placed on a brick plinth and covered with planks. The main facade, facing the river, is decorated with a terrace and completed with a skylight. The side facades are completed with mezzanines. The entrance to the building from the courtyard lies through a cold vestibule, adjacent to which is a later kitchen extension with an open frame.

The Empire style features, clearly expressed in the volume-plan composition of the building, are rather restrained in its external treatment. The shapes of the ceiling and mezzanines are characteristic: the grouping and outline of windows, broken gables at the bottom, rustication of the corners “in a running pattern.” On the garden side, the house is decorated with recessed carvings of boards with decorative motifs of classicism. The terrace, elegantly decorated with turned columns and saw-cut carvings, was rebuilt at the beginning of the twentieth century.

The layout of the house, according to the authors of “Architectural Monuments of the Moscow Region,” “varies the common layout of mansions in post-fire Moscow, but was partially changed during apartment resettlement. The center of the composition of the building plan is a small internal corridor that unites adjacent rooms according to the principle of a ring enfilade. State rooms with more tall windows overlook the garden.
The house has preserved white tiled stoves of several types, Empire double-leaf and single-leaf doors, and drawn cornices. The living room is decorated with a lampshade. In one of the living rooms there is a couch.
One-room symmetrical mezzanines on the sides of the building are occupied by housing. One of the rooms with a tiled stove is covered by a false vault (prayer room?).

Right from Ch. entrance mezzanine.
Apparently, the house was built at the expense of the Pavlovo-Posad merchant of the III guild (in 1854), who became a merchant from local peasants, Nikita Faddeevich Frolov(1803-to 1870?). After him, the house belonged to his two sons - Nikita and Demyan. Senior - Nikita Nikitich Frolov(1820-?), was listed as the owner of a local dyeing and paper establishment in 1870 and 1880, and in 1877 he served as a member of the City Duma. His wife, Aksinya Parfenovna (née Malysheva; 1826-?), from 1880, according to the spiritual will of her father, Parfyon Semyonovich Malyshev, inherited his two-story wooden weaving factory with a dyehouse on Krutoberezhnaya Street. Aksinya Parfenovna gave birth to her husband's sons: Vasily (born 1841; f. Marya Mitrofanovna (b. 1845), children - Olga, Anna, Mitrofan, Alexander, Ivan), Ivan (b. 1854; f. Agrafena Alekseevna (b. 1857) , children - Tatyana, Maria, Ekaterina, Anna, Vasily), Sergei (born 1860; f. Evdokia Tikhonovna, children - Anna, Natalya, Nadezhda, Maria, Antonina), Pavel (born 1862) and Fedor (born 1867 ).
Merchant of the II Guild Demyan Nikitich Frolov(1832-1902), married to Natalya Ivanovna, from 1877 to 1885 he was a member of the City Duma of Pavlovsky Posad for two terms, and in 1882 he temporarily served as mayor. At the beginning of the twentieth century. the house was owned by the heirs of Nikita Nikitich...

In the same block as the estate there grows this amazing old oak tree.

A. Poslykhalin, 2013. When using the material, a link to .

1. Galkina E., Musina R. Kuznetsov. Dynasty. A family affair. M. 2005. P. 21; 30, 142, 337, 341.
2. Zhukova E. V. Old Pavlovsky Posad. M. 1994. p. 35-36, 100.
3. Shchepetilnikovs: Sitnov V. The inhabitants of Pavlovsky Posad before 1917. Pavlovsky Posad, 2012, p. 121.
4. Podyapolskaya E.N., Smirnova G.K. Architectural monuments of the Moscow region. Vol. 4. M., 2009, No. 199, p. 267-268.
5. Frolovs: Sitnov V. The inhabitants of Pavlovsky Posad before 1917. Pavlovsky Posad, 2012, p. 106-107.

This is the only excursion in Moscow on which you can visit an old merchant mansion - now a private residential building, where its modern owners and a descendant of the Polezhaev-Zubov merchant family live.

During an hour-long excursion through ancient Moscow streets and alleys, participants will get acquainted with the life of the inhabitants of Yamskaya and merchant Moscow among the real “scenery” preserved only in these places.

At the end of the walk we will visit an old merchant mansion , we will visit the former “golden” room, learn about the previous and current owners, walk through the enfilades of its rooms, hear magical music, see unique decoration and furniture preserved by descendants, sit in a cozy merchant’s living room and Let's listen to stories about this unique Moscow family and this unusual house, which is still A merchant's granddaughter lives.

Historical owner of the estate Maria Vasilievna Zubova and Natalya Leonova

This is an amazing residential mansion with a good atmosphere , passed down through generations, which you can visit ONLY with our project. You will see with your own eyes how merchant houses in Moscow were arranged, see paintings, sculpture and ceramics from the owner’s personal collection, and also visit under the arches of residential chambers of the 18th century.

Brief description of the autumn-winter travel option :

* Meeting at the Rimskaya metro station . Why did the metro station get such a name that, according to the architects’ idea, it resembles a station hall, who are these boys on the “Roman” columns, why does this station have the only real water fountain in the Moscow metro, why did the sculptor depict his face in the guise of the Virgin Mary? In the mansion we will see the author's copies of these boys in their original form. Transfer to the Marksistskaya station.

* Yamskaya and merchant Moscow. Why was there one of the largest settlements of coachmen in these places and what did the grandfather of the famous artist Konstantin Korovin do (the remains of the former estate). A pre-revolutionary building, which was built with funds from local merchants and patrons of the arts for a women's gymnasium and the history of its transformation into artillery courses, a men's school and a modern specialized educational institution.

* Merchants and industrialists. Z Alekseev-Stanislavsky's gold and wire factory and the first porcelain factory in Russia. How did Konstantin Sergeevich’s grandmother, 20 years after her husband’s death, bring the factory to the highest economic indicators? What did they do at the factory before and what now? What connected K.S. Stanislavsky and the last owner of the mansion before the revolution, P.V. Zubova? The history of the first Moscow theater for workers and its modernity. Moscow theater "Apparte", located in the former largest cable factory in Russia.

* Inside Orthodox Church of Martin the Confessor - “family” temple of the Zubov family. Unique decoration, history of the temple, its construction. Who gave all their savings for the construction of the temple at the end of the 18th century, what wonderful architect built this temple and why was it named after the Pope? Old Believers and fellow believers.

* Visit to the estate and luxurious halls of an ancient mansion with an amazing history and preserved pre-revolutionary interiors:“golden” room, a spacious front room with bronze sculptures and clay “boys”, a unique stained glass window, an antique clock with a surprise, a huge 19th century master mirror, a musical living room, a master dining room, a private office for the hostess (former men’s room) and a basement floor , preserved from the old residential chambers of the second half of the 18th century.

In this house at different times there were: an Old Believer chapel, a repository for a rich numismatic collection and antique violins, a house of visual aids and a teacher’s house, communal apartments, a private school, etc. The story of the amazing revival of the mansion in our time and stories about how two beautiful Marias live in the mansion now.

The owner of the estate Maria Alexandrovna Sokolova and Natalya Leonova

Leads the tour— project manager, journalist and writer Natalya Leonova.

Duration- 3 hours.

Meeting point— Rimskaya metro station (the exact meeting point will be sent by SMS on the eve of the excursion).

Price participation – 700 rubles(including a visit to the mansion and a tour inside). There are no discounts on this excursion! Group size – no more than 25 people.

Dates of upcoming excursions:

Draw your attention to:
* money for tickets is not refunded if you report your inability to attend the excursion less than 3 days before the start of the excursion.
* if all tickets are sold we can put you on the reserve list, if someone is unable to attend the excursion.
* dTo sign up for the reserve list and for any other questions, call:
8-964-649-99-06 (main phone, call, SMS, WhatsApp, Viber, Telegram)
8-926-777-09-79 (additional phone)or write to the email address: [email protected]

Quite by accident, on the way to another object, I found something historically interesting...
Historical cellars of a merchant house of the 17th century, or rather chambers of the 17th century.
Naturally, a house was found first. I would rate its condition as 2 out of 5. One wall of the house has completely collapsed, the other three are barely holding up. The chambers themselves are an architectural monument of federal significance, but due to the fact that there is no owner, no one is undertaking to restore or demolish the building.
The house is located in a relatively protected area, we had to climb quietly and carefully, through a broken wall directly to the second floor, from there, a fairly preserved staircase goes down to the first, and then down into the historical vaulted basement.

While I was trying to figure out how to get inside, a woman working in a store nearby came up and said that a film had recently been filmed here, that the building was in a dangerous state of disrepair and you couldn’t go in there. When asked whether she was guarding it or not, she said no.

Second floor. The roof is completely leaky and is about to collapse.

In general, the entire building is in extremely disrepair.

Descent into the historical vaulted cellars. The basements themselves are quite littered, as is the building as a whole. Tires, building materials, cables, various garbage and rubbish.

The building of the chambers belonged to the Kozhevnicheskaya settlement, which burned down in 1773. On the plan of the settlement, the building of the chambers is depicted with a large stone extension, which includes both the part of the chambers that has survived to this day, and the lost extension on the side of the neighboring property.
During the fire of 1812, the buildings were severely damaged. In this regard, the vaults were rebuilt during restoration, and the decoration of the facades was changed in favor of the classical style.
The chambers were used as factory buildings throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the chamber was occupied by the Nikolai Sergeevich Rasteryaev factory and trading partnership, which produced lead pipes.
In the 30s of the 20th century, one famous Mostrans enterprise was located on this territory.
In 1950, development of the site and reconstruction of buildings for various economic needs intensified. The work was carried out chaotically and carelessly, as a result of which the original appearance of the chambers was greatly damaged.

In essence, these are the vaults of the underground part of a building that no longer exists, since little remains of the house today, only a couple of walls.

The basements are small, in some branches there is an outright mess and homeless, it is clear that no one is looking after the monument of federal significance at all!

Presumably, the first developer and owner of the chambers was the merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Likhonin.

It is unclear where the windows in the basement complex go.

Photo from the Internet. It shows the building still relatively intact and with an intact roof.

Photo from the Internet. The other side of another whole building.

Thanks for reading the post.