In which sentence is the highlighted word used incorrectly? A1-A6. Language norms: orthoepic, lexical, morphological, syntactic Which sentence contains the word valuable instead of the word

Example 1

In which sentence should I use the word VALUABLE instead of
VALUE?

1) All participants in the Olympiad were awarded VALUABLE gifts.
2) Each era develops its own VALUABLE guidelines.
3) In the article you can find information that is VALUABLE for a geologist.
4) There are many VALUABLE trees in the reserve.

Preparation plan

Violation of lexical compatibility is a common speech error. It manifests itself in the wrong choice of words for a specific context. To know which words a given paronym is “friendly” with, you need to clearly understand the nuances of its meaning. It is problematic to prepare for this question by memorizing a certain list (the list would be too long). It is not necessary to read it all - select only those words whose nuances of meaning you do not understand. This is not only useful, but also entertaining reading. MANDATORY PROGRAM MINIMUM - study a short dictionary of paronyms on the website Rus-Exam.ru.

Of course, you can’t look it up in the dictionary during the Unified State Examination. But you've probably heard the words offered to you in the test before. If you remember the peculiarities of their semantic compatibility, then the trick is in the bag. If not, you will have to resort to some manipulations. Usually one of three procedures will be sufficient. Let's look at them with an example.

Tools

01 Try it without looking at the example sentences, come up with a “small” context yourself(at the level of phrases) for each word. What can be called valuable? Advice, personnel (i.e. employee), gift, prize. What words go together with the word “value”? Perhaps only two: guidelines and settings. Now let's look at an example. In sentence (2) we see “landmarks”. Let’s put the word “value” in there.

Most likely, knowing the possible context, you will easily cope with the task. But additional considerations may be needed:

02 How can modify the context? The word "valuable" clearly has a quantitative message. It can be used with words that indicate quantity, such as "very valuable." Now look at an example. It is easy to see that the word “very” cannot be substituted in sentences (2) and (4). What are "highly valuable landmarks"? What nonsense! What could be valuable in them? You can’t say “very valuable securities” either, but for a different reason. The phrase “securities” (stocks, bonds, etc.) is so stable that nothing can be inserted into it, and if you remove the word “valuable”, the meaning will be completely distorted. So everything is in order with “securities”, and the error is contained in option (2).

03 If the first two approaches do not dispel doubts, you can try understand the semantic range of a word, regardless of context. “Valuable” has to do with price (literally or figuratively), and valuable has to do with values. It should be noted that we are not talking about specific values ​​(gold, real estate, etc.), but about the abstract attitude of a person, his life priorities: what is most important for him - career, material wealth, patriotism, power, family and etc. Having understood these nuances, we again can easily see that it is in option (2) that we are talking about values, and not about price.

Sample reasoning

So, you have three main tools in your hands. Sometimes it is also useful to try to substitute synonyms. There is no universal scheme here. But you always need to “dance” from a specific word: in what context can it be used, what associations does it evoke, how limited is its compatibility, is the meaning concrete or abstract, what are the nuances of meaning(quantitative, qualitative characteristics). But the main thing, I repeat, remains the search for a suitable context.

Often, tutors in such questions require the student to give an example of reasoning. This is a very useful matter, but with one small amendment. You don’t need to build some kind of scientific narrative at all. You should either very briefly explain the difference between the two paronyms, or simply offer a context option for each of them at the level of a phrase or short sentence. Don't worry about the details. When considering the example described above, it is enough for the following to pop up in your mind during the exam. “More valuable” is good, “more valuable” is not good. “Valuable” is about quantity. “Value-based” is some kind of abstraction. Possible context: “value orientations.” All!

What to pay attention to

· Although in the above version, a couple of words (paronyms) are given in the task, in the real task there may be a different wording. You may simply be asked to find in which of the four sentences the highlighted word is not appropriate. In this case, we are not talking about paronyms, but the essence is the same - an assessment of the legitimacy of the lexical compatibility of a given word in the context.

Example 2

In which sentence is the highlighted word used incorrectly?

1) A true teacher must strive to ENCOURAGE all his students.
2) The plan drawn up by the project manager underwent major changes during the work process.
3) A huge SELECTION of discs was presented in the Music Salon.
4) At the book fair, everyone will be given the opportunity to meet their favorite authors.

This formulation of the question should not confuse you: you just need to forget about all sorts of paronyms and evaluate compatibility separately for each sentence. Hopefully one of the suggestions will resonate with you. In this case, the error is so gross that it is difficult to miss: “SELECT disks” should be replaced with “SELECT disks”. But the answer may not be so obvious, so let’s look at other points of the question.

Sentence (1) sounds a little strange. But remember that your task is not to evaluate the stylistic beauty of the text, but only the legitimacy of this or that phrase. In this sense, the expression “grab one’s attention” can be experienced. But you just need to be aware of the presence of such an expression as “undergo changes.” Finally, there is a serious pitfall in sentence (4). Is the opportunity GRANTED or PRESENTED? If you are not sure, try to speculate. Please note that when choosing words, you must use the same grammatical form as in the sentence (in this case, the passive voice). By doing this we will reduce the range of meaning, for example we will cut off the meaning imagine=imagine. What or who can be REPRESENTED? Speaker (introduce someone to the audience), report, officer (introduced for an award). What can be PROVIDED? Opportunity, chance, plane. What synonym can replace the word “provide”? The word "give". Therefore, in sentence (4) the word “provided” is used correctly.

· Sometimes the nuances of a word's meaning depend on the ending. In this sense, the question of lexical compatibility sometimes overlaps with the question of stress (different endings can lead to different stresses). Remember that, unlike question A1, where you were asked to evaluate the possibility of a particular emphasis, in this case you must evaluate the correctness of the use of this word in the context. Don't be confused.

For example, take the following sentence: “In July, the whole class went to a LANGUAGE camp for three weeks.” This option must be recognized as erroneous. Why? After all, the word “linguistic” exists! The problem is that “linguistic” refers to the tongue as an organ. If we are talking about language as a means of human communication, then it is necessary to use the word LANGUAGE.

Practice

From the above reasoning, you understand that when analyzing you must proceed from the characteristics of a particular word. Let's try to use an equally flexible approach in training exercises. Go to your workbook and do the assignments. In Ex. 1 if there is an error in a sentence, it is necessary to replace one of the words with one that is similar in form but different in meaning. In Ex. 2 it is proposed to make lexical pairs (A+B).

Hard case

There are lexical pairs in which, according to teachers and tutors, students most often make mistakes.

A) Make sure you understand the differences between the following words.
b) If in doubt, look it up in the dictionary.
V) Then try to put each word into context yourself (for example, come up with a short sentence).
+ Pay attention to the spelling (difficulties are underlined).

LAWSUIT WITH NY - SUIT SST VEIN
ETC E STAND UP - ENDURE - PR AND BE PATIENT
ETC E INTRODUCE YOURSELF - INTRODUCE YOURSELF
ADDRESSER - ADDRESSEE

When I was going to Prague, my friends promised that this city would surprise and enchant me. And Prague really surprised me. True, not by the architecture of the ancient streets, not by the Charles Bridge, not by Hradcany, and not even by how similar new Prague is to Soviet cities, but... by prices. I experienced a real shock when I paid for dinner in a restaurant located in the most touristic place (in our opinion, consider it on Nevsky Prospect) - in terms of rubles, I had to pay 400 rubles. On Nevsky, with this money you can only afford coffee and a croissant. But I was even more surprised by the prices for public transport.

Friends warned me not to mess with taxi drivers, so right at the airport I found a counter selling tickets for city public transport and, not fully believing the salesman who convinced me in bad Russian that it was “for everything,” I bought a ticket valid for 24 hours. . The pleasure of riding the subway, bus and tram during this time until I got tired of it cost me about 160 rubles. In this case, you just need to activate the ticket once (I did this on a bus running between the airport and the metro station), and then calmly go to the metro (no turnstiles!), get on the tram, get off it, change to another route...

While I was driving from the airport to the metro station with the romantic (as it seemed to me) name “Dejvicka” (a one-time ticket for this route, including the right to use another transport for half an hour - the same metro - would have cost me about 50 rubles), I was counting in your mind how much a similar trip in St. Petersburg would cost a tourist. 21 rubles - bus from the airport to Moskovskaya. 24 rubles - travel on the metro to the Nevsky Prospekt station - 45 rubles take it out and put it in. And then again - take it out and put it down as many times as you ride on a bus, trolleybus, tram or metro. And you shouldn’t even try to buy a single pass for one day. Our metro, for example, gives discounts on travel with a card only if you do not intend to enter the subway more than once every 10 minutes. In Moscow, by the way, they give a discount simply for a “wholesale” purchase: you buy, say, 20 trips - and if you want, you can ride for 20 days, or if you want, you can send 20 people at once. But this, again, is only by metro. But in Prague “for everything”, and if not for one day, but, say, for a week, then the discount is even greater.

I was driving and thinking: apparently, Prague will be richer than St. Petersburg, since they have such communism in public transport. Every day in St. Petersburg we have a new promotion. Just now, on January 1, the fare was increased, and then again there is news that minibuses will become more expensive in the spring. And minibuses in St. Petersburg are not a luxury, as, for example, in Prague, where for some reason buses run on schedule and for some reason often. In St. Petersburg, minibuses are sometimes the only way to travel, unless, of course, you are a fan of buses and are ready to wait for them at the bus stop until you are blue in the face, singing “what do I care about snow, what do I care about heat.”

On the other hand, we like to look up to Europe, and public transport there is still more expensive than ours. That’s why, apparently, it looks brand new, well-groomed, and the minibuses there don’t fall apart as they go. And therefore, unlike our transport, it runs much more often. Based on these arguments, then, of course, it is necessary to increase travel prices. And there is no need to look up to Prague - who knows with what funds they built communism in a single public transport? So what if the Czech Republic is closer to us, who are not far from socialism, in terms of living standards than other European countries that we look up to. You need to focus on the best, right? It’s a pity, of course, that we are only catching up with these guidelines in the cost of services. And the quality of our service, as they said in one film, “is still in debt.” So are salaries. But that’s okay - we’ll be healthier. Let's start walking, jogging to and from work, in winter we'll build a ski track to our native enterprise - and then we will definitely be ahead of the rest.

Irina Lyakhova, deputy editor-in-chief of NV

Tasks A1-A6 check whether you know the norms of the Russian literary language and your general culture.

A1- a task to determine correct and incorrect stress in common words of different parts of speech. From four words or forms of words (sometimes problems with stress arise only in certain forms of a word), you need to choose, depending on the wording, either the correct or incorrect option for placing stress.

Attention:

in 2013, this task will contain wording that requires you to find an error, i.e., an incorrectly marked accent.

• read the question carefully and study the examples,
• make a choice based on knowledge of normative stress in words and individual forms of words.

A1 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. • kitchen
   • document
   • you'll sharpen
   • Cakes

2. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

   • more beautiful
   • Agent
   • starting
   • cakes

3. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

   • extremely
   • took
   • citizenship
   • to the top

Right answers:

1. Cakes
2. more beautiful
3. citizenship

The words in different versions of KIMs are the same. This is mainly common vocabulary in which many people make mistakes on stress. To prepare, you need to consider more typical examples and check whether you put the emphasis in words correctly. And if errors are discovered, learn the erroneous words and forms. Even if you think that you speak correctly and do not make mistakes on stress, check yourself. Know that, for many reasons, errors in word stress are not uncommon. Often people are unaware that they are pronouncing words incorrectly. See A1. Emphasis.

A2- a task to determine the correct and incorrect use of a pair of paronym words in the context of sentences. Correctness is determined by the following parameters: A) lexical meaning of the word, B) lexical compatibility. Four proposals are given. It is necessary to determine in which of them another word should be used instead of a given one. In other words, find an error, an incorrect use of a word in the proposed context.

In order to complete the task correctly, you need:

• make a choice based on an understanding of the differences in the meaning of words and their lexical compatibility.

A2 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. In which sentence should we use DIPLOMANT instead of the word DIPLOMAT?

   • Leonid Ivanovich was considered a real DIPLOMAT in communicating with people around him.
   • The success of a state's foreign policy largely depends on the experience and talent of DIPLOMATS.
   • You sound like a DIPLOMAT, but things aren't going well.
   • DIPLOMATS of the Moscow Ballet Competition took part in the final concert.

2. In which sentence should we use VALUE instead of the word VALUABLE?

   • All participants of the Olympiad were awarded VALUABLE gifts.
   • Each era develops its own VALUABLE guidelines.
   • In the article you can find information that is VALUABLE for a geologist.
   • There are many VALUABLE trees in the reserve.

3. Which answer option uses the highlighted word incorrectly?

   • In the vague diffused light of the night, MAJESTIC and beautiful vistas of St. Petersburg opened up before us: the Neva, the embankment, canals, palaces.
   • Iron, chromium, manganese, copper and nickel are PAINT substances, components of many paints created from these minerals.
   • DIPLOMATIC relations between Russia and the USA were established in 1807.
   • The most HUMANE professions on earth are those on which the spiritual life and health of a person depends.

Paronym words are repeated in many variants of KIMs. These are commonly used words that are often used incorrectly. To prepare, you need to consider more typical examples and check whether you understand the differences in the meaning and lexical compatibility of such words. In order to save your time, lists of words are given in incomplete contexts: for understanding the meaning and knowledge of lexical compatibility in the training materials are given phrases with paronymous words. See A2. Use of paronymous words.

A3 - task to identify errors in the formation of morphological forms. It happens that people form grammatical forms as if Russian is not their native language, but a foreign one. Errors occur when using forms of different parts of speech. You need to know the most dangerous places. Then you can easily complete task A3. To do this you need:

• carefully read the wording of the question and examples,
• make choices based on knowledge of how different morphological forms should be formed.

A3 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. • more than five hundred people
   • engineers
   • the most difficult
   • on name day

2. Give an example of an error in the formation of a word.

   • in the closet
   • five towels
   • six hundred seven people
   • their affairs

3. Give an example of an error in the formation of a word.

   • lie down (on the floor)
   • their work
   • hot soups
   • six hundred students

Right answers:

1. more than five hundred people
2. their affairs
3. six hundred students

KIMs include typical errors in the formation of forms of different parts of speech. In order to learn to see mistakes and not repeat them yourself, see A3. Formation of word forms.

A4 - the task of choosing a grammatically correct sentence - includes sentences with participial phrases. The paradox is that the task is not difficult at all. Preparation for it does not require extensive material. But errors in the use of gerunds in speech are widespread. Figure out what's going on here.

In order to complete the task correctly, you need:

• carefully read the wording of the question and examples,
• make a choice based on understanding the role of adverbial phrases in a sentence.

A4 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. Objecting to certain provisions of the report, ...

   • the discussion began.
   • The culture of the argument plays a big role.
   • Overall the performance made a good impression.

2. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence. Having processed the statistical data,...

   • An interesting pattern of language development was revealed.
   • the hypothesis about the existence of laws common to all languages ​​was confirmed.
   • For linguists, much remains not entirely clear.

3. Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence. Speaking of the richness of language...

   • a discussion began in the audience.
   • I became interested in this problem.
   • specific examples are required.

Right answers:

1. those present generally agreed with the speaker.
2. Scientists have determined how quickly language changes.
3. we meant mainly his vocabulary.

A5 - task to determine violation of syntactic norms. Having mastery of syntactic norms, people correctly construct phrases and sentences. Exercise A4 tests mastery of one of the syntactic norms, namely: the ability to construct sentences with participial phrases. But mistakes are made not only in sentences with participles. Other cases are no less frequent. In order to successfully complete the task A5, you need to make a choice based on knowledge of the patterns of syntactic connections between words in a sentence, the use of prepositions and conjunctions, homogeneous members of a sentence, etc.

A5 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

   • "Moidodyr", written by Korney Chukovsky and published in the 20s of the twentieth century, became one of the most beloved works by children.
   • M. Gorky in one of his articles points out that poets before Pushkin did not know the people at all, were not interested in their fate, and rarely wrote about them.
   • Those who strive for a dream since childhood often realize their life plans.

Right answers:

1. Thanks to the increased level of service, there were more customers in company stores.

Pay attention: demo versions from different years have the same task.
KIMs include the most typical, frequent violations of syntactic norms. In order to notice such mistakes and not repeat them yourself, see A5. Syntactic norms.

A6- a task to determine the possibility of replacing the subordinate part of a complex sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Remember the poem" This is the house that Jack built"? Is it possible here to replace the subordinate clause (clause of definition) with a separate definition? Can: Here's the house that Jack built(a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase).

A6 from demo versions of FIPI 2010, 2011 and 2012

1. • V. Shukshin’s heroes came from that “Shukshin life” that the writer himself could have lived.
   • In characteristic texts, the following of subtopics is not free, but is subject to certain principles of systematization, which are based on tradition and logic.
   • Physics, according to many, dates back to an experiment carried out by Galileo several centuries ago.
   • Repin's reputation as an artist who combined the best features of Russian realism in his work developed during his lifetime.

2. In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?

   • The reserve, which was founded in the middle of the last century, is small and occupies only a few hectares of untouched lowland forest.
   • Human food and the composition of the air he breathes are largely the result of plant life.
   • In summer, grasses and mosses in the forest exist in twilight, which forms after the leaves of the trees have fully expanded.
   • The Volga steep bank and the distances beyond the river are introduced into the play by A.N. Ostrovsky’s motif of space and flight, which is inextricably linked with the image of Katerina.

3. In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?

   • French words and expressions that penetrate the Russian language are called Gallicisms.
   • The environment in which living organisms exist is constantly changing.
   • In order to promote the development of literature and literary language, the Russian Academy was created in the 18th century, which became the main scientific center for the study of the Russian language and literature.
   • In the second half of the 18th century, French influence on the speech of Russian nobles, which played an important role in the process of Europeanization of the Russian literary language, became predominant.

The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, phrase, number or sequence of words, numbers. Write the answer to the right of the assignment number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1) The debate about when and why bird flight originated is still ongoing. (2) Some scientists believe that it’s all about the ice age: the advancing glacier drove the birds out of their usual habitats, and when the glacier retreated, the descendants of the fugitives returned home. (3)______ after all, almost none of the migratory birds build nests and raise chicks in wintering areas.

1

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1. Almost none of the migratory birds build nests or raise chicks in wintering areas.

2. Some scientists believe that birds return home when the glacier recedes.

3. The reason for bird flights was the ice age: when the glacier advanced, the birds flew away, and when it retreated, they returned to their usual habitats.

4. Scientists are still arguing about when and why bird flights arose.

5. The Ice Age, which drove birds out of their usual habitats, became the cause of bird flights.

2

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

1. Indeed,

2. Fortunately,

4. At the same time

3

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word RETURN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

RETURN AND Th, -upl Yu, -at eat; owls

1. Having stepped, move away, move back, to the side. O. from the door. Oh, one step. The forests retreated to the north (trans.).

2. Move back under the pressure of the advancing enemy. O. with battles. O. before difficulties (translated).

3. from what. Give up your intentions and plans. He won’t back down from his own. I won't give up until I get my way.

4. from what. Stop sticking to something. O. from my opinion. O. from custom.

5. from what. Shift attention from the main to the secondary. O. off topic.

6. (1st person and 2nd person not used), trans. In certain combinations: become weaker, get closer to the end. The disease has subsided. The fire receded. The elements have receded.

7. from what. Indent. O. slightly from the edge of the sheet.

4

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

religion

kitchen

plum

5

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

1. As a child, she was a very TRUSTING child.

2. Each era develops its own VALUABLE guidelines

3. He was always an overly PRACTICAL person.

4. Today my sister WEARED a festive dress.

5. CONFIDENT tone of conversation.

6

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

RINSES the laundry

according to the TABLE

few CALORIES

TWO beautiful pianists

Little Pony

7

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS	OFFERS
A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members	1) A.S. Pushkin wrote that he was not born to amuse kings.
B) violation of the construction of sentences with participial phrases	2) Marie Skłodowska-Curie is the only woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize twice.
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase	3) Even in the most difficult times, A. Akhmatova believed that “And yet they will recognize my voice, And yet they will believe it again.”
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech	4) In the novels of M. Sholokhov there are no lies, pretending to be another truth.
D) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition	5) Getting closer, the hunters saw that the bear was not killed, but only wounded.
	6) The barred round windows of the monastery and the old gilded dome seemed familiar to me.
	7) According to letters from contemporaries, in his youth Leo Tolstoy preferred to travel on horseback.
	8) Going up to the second floor, I saw a long corridor and a wooden door
	9) Enjoying a delicious dinner, our conversation flowed serenely.

Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other symbols

8

Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

forbidding

b...size

uprising

k...tingent

9

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

h...spend the night, w...cook

pr...breezy, pr...given

and...cook, food...

pr...increase, pr...passion

p...road worker, not...sightly

10

construction

lucky

kind...nice

enamel

overcome

11

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

opening... May

indescribable...my

you're worried

haunted...my

12

Indicate all the numbers replaced by I.

Now no (1) mountains, no (2) sky, no (3) earth - no (4) what no (5) was visible.

13

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

1. (S)AFTER, we more than once recalled how Fedor bravely walked (OVER) THAT rocky ledge.

2. It was STILL hot outside, (THUS) the issue of drinking water delivery turned out to be the most pressing.

3. (NOT) DESPITE feeling poorly, Sergei managed to finish the work (IN) WITHIN a week.

4. TO get to the pass, we had to walk for so long that many (F) OFTEN thought about returning to the camp.

5. In the yard, just like a year ago, kids played and strict grandmothers made sure that order was maintained.

14

Indicate all the numbers replaced by one N.

On the yacht - the company (1) stamp “K. Faberge”, and on the silver(2) rim, placed on the crystal, her name “Faith” is engraved(3).

15

Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. Prickly thorns of wild roses can be found near Moscow and in Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East.

2. Quiet and soundless in the winter forest and snow-covered forest clearings

3. The grass flowers shine and bask and joyfully reach out to the gentle sun.

4. All day we walked through the forests, made our way through thickets of birches and aspens, breathing in the musty smell of grass and roots.

5. The world is filled with the smell of pine, the sun and the singing of a lark.

16

For two weeks now (1) our newly arrived (2) puppy has been exploring the world (3) at the same time testing (4) the boundaries of what is permitted.

17

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.

Some contemporaries were outraged by the use of A.S. Pushkin of common people’s words in contexts where (1) according to critics (2) it was necessary to use the words “high”. However (3) Pushkin resolutely rejected the concept of “low matter”.

18

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Among the conversations (1) that then took place between Daisy and me (2) and (3) which often ended in the morning (4) because we discovered new aspects of the same things (5) the topic of traveling together to all the places (6) that I visited before.

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

He was content with (1) what was written in the notebook (2) and did not show any annoying curiosity (3) even (4) when he did not understand everything (5) that he listened and taught.

20

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

The communal house was equipped with the latest technology, care was taken for the comfort of the residents: a laundry room, a dining room-restaurant, a club, a store, hot water, rare at that time, and a kindergarten.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.

(1) Autumn came by surprise and took possession of the earth - gardens and rivers, forests and air, fields and birds. (2) Everything immediately became autumn.

(3) Tits were fussing about in the garden. (4) Their scream was like the sound of broken glass. (5) They hung upside down on the branches and looked out the window from under the maple leaves.

(6) Every morning, migratory birds gathered in the garden, as if on an island. (7) Amid the whistling, squawking and croaking, a commotion arose in the branches. (8) Only during the day was it quiet in the garden: restless birds were flying south.

(9) The leaves have begun to fall. (10) Leaves fell day and night. (11) They either flew obliquely in the wind, or lay vertically in the damp grass. (12) The forests were drizzling with rain of flying leaves. (13) This rain continued for weeks. (14) Only towards the end of September the copses were exposed, and through the thicket of trees the blue distance of the compressed fields became visible.

(15) Then the old man Prokhor, a fisherman and basket maker (in Solotch, almost all old people become basket makers with age), told me a fairy tale about autumn. (16) Until then, I had never heard this tale; Prokhor must have invented it himself.

(17) “Look around,” Prokhor told me, picking at his bast shoe with an awl, “take a closer look, dear man, at what every bird or, say, other living creature breathes.” (18) Look, explain. (19) Otherwise they will say: I studied in vain. (20) For example, a leaf falls off in the fall, but people don’t realize that a person is the main defendant in this matter. (21) A man, say, invented gunpowder. (22) The enemy will tear it apart with that gunpowder! (23) I myself also dabbled in gunpowder. (24) In ancient times, the village blacksmiths forged the first gun, filled it with gunpowder, and that gun fell into the hands of a fool. (25) A fool was walking through the forest and saw orioles flying under the skies, yellow cheerful birds flying and whistling, inviting guests. (26) The fool hit them with both trunks - and the golden fluff flew to the ground, fell on the forests, and the forests withered, withered and fell overnight. (27) And other leaves, where the bird’s blood got in, turned red and also fell off. (28) I suppose I saw in the forest - there is a yellow leaf and there is a red leaf. (29) Until that time, all the birds spent the winter with us. (30) Even the crane didn’t go anywhere. (31) And the forests stood there both summer and winter! (32) And in leaves, flowers and mushrooms. (33) And there was no snow. (34) There was no winter, I say. (35) It wasn’t! (36) Why the hell did she surrender to us, winter, pray tell?! (37) What interest does she have? (38) The fool killed the first bird - and the earth became sad. (39) From that time on, leaf fall, and wet autumn, and leaf-cutting winds, and winters began. (40) And the bird got scared, flew away from us, and was offended by the person. (41) So, dear, it turns out that we have harmed ourselves, and we need not to spoil anything, but to take good care of it.