Over the past 30 years. During or during - the rule for writing a preposition with examples

Before we talk about the deadlines for the execution of documents, let’s talk about the deadlines for bringing them to the executors. After all, this procedure also “eats” time.

As a rule, all documents placed under control must be communicated to the executors within 1 day from the date of the resolution by the manager or his signing of the document, and urgent and operational - during few hours. The given data are approximate and should be specifically established in each organization in accordance with the requirements of its management.

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Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 06/01/2004 No. 260 (as amended on 02/21/2011) “On the Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation”

47. The delivery of instructions to executors and control of their execution are ensured by the Government Office, as a rule, within 2 days, and urgent and operational instructions - immediately, but no later than within 12 hours from the moment of their signing.

In accordance with GOST R 6.30-2003, a mark on control over the execution of a document on paper is designated by the letter “K”, the word or the stamp “Control”. This mark is placed on the right side of the top margin of the first page of the document (see Example 1).

Example 1

Incoming letter with the manager’s resolution and a control mark

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Typically, an enterprise creates a special service (a separate unit, group or individual employee), which is assigned the responsibilities of both communicating documents to executors and monitoring their execution.

Standard and individual deadlines

Let's start with the definitions given by GOST.

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GOST R 51141-98. State standard of the Russian Federation. Record keeping and archiving. Terms and Definitions

The deadline for execution of the document is the period established by the regulatory legal act, organizational and administrative document;

standard deadline for execution of a document - the deadline established by the regulatory legal act;

an individual deadline for the execution of a document is the deadline for the execution of a document established by the organization’s organizational and administrative document or resolution.

An example of a typical deadline for the execution of documents is the period for consideration of citizens' appeals by the head of a state body or local government body. It is established by Federal Law No. 59-FZ of May 2, 2006 “On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation” and is 30 days from the date of registration of the written appeal. See also Examples 4 and 5.

Now let us explain how individual deadlines can be set.

See Elena Yusipova’s article “What will we control? » on page 30 of the magazine “Office management and document flow at the enterprise” No. 7’ 2011

Firstly, the organization may issue a special document regulating this issue. We described the contents of the “Approximate list of documents subject to control over execution with an indication of deadlines” in the previous issue of the magazine.

Secondly, the end date for the execution of a specific document can be indicated on the document itself:

in the manager’s resolution (which should be based on the formula “who needs to do what and when”) or
in the text of this document (for example, each paragraph of an order or other administrative document may contain a deadline for the execution of a particular order, and a request from higher authorities may contain a specific date for the provision of information).

If the document does not indicate a deadline

It would be easy to work if everyone did what they should. But most of us are creative people, very busy, and some work as if the rules were not written for them. So there are documents without indicating a specific execution date. How to be in this case? Indeed, documents may not indicate a specific date, but:

contain the note “urgent”, “immediately”. In this case, the deadline is 3 days;
contain the mark “promptly”. In this case, the execution period is usually calculated 10 days;

If these words are not found in the document, then the deadline can be set to 30 days. But it is better not to do this arbitrarily, but to fix such a rule in an internal regulatory document.

If your organization has approved a list of documents that need to be put under control, and you receive documents not mentioned in it, then the manager must decide whether to put them under control or not. In this case, the deadline for execution will be indicated in the resolution. As a rule, the deadline for execution of such documents can be set within the interval from 3 to 30 days, and sometimes exceed this period. If the execution period exceeds 30 days, it is advisable that the manager in the resolution indicate not only the deadline for execution, but also the deadlines for submitting interim reports on the progress of execution, which should also be monitored. An example of such a resolution:

Example 2

Resolution establishing final and intermediate deadlines for implementation

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Where does the deadline start?

Duration of the document execution period in office work usually begins exactly from the date indicated in the document or otherwise determined (and not the next day, as is customary in civil law practice).

Document fragment

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Article 191 “Start of a period determined by a period of time” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

The course of a period defined by a period of time begins the day after the calendar date or occurrence of the event that determines its beginning.

By the way, in labor relations generally both principles apply:

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Article 14 “Calculation of terms” of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

The period of time with which this Code relates the emergence of labor rights and obligations begins from the calendar date that determines the beginning of the occurrence of these rights and obligations.

The period of time with which this Code relates to the termination of labor rights and obligations begins the next day after the calendar date that determines the end of the employment relationship...

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Maria Smolyaninova, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Business Arsenal":

“If the period is formulated using the phrase “during”, and then some period is substituted, usually in days, then from the point of view of the Russian language this means that the day the order was issued is already included in this period. For example, when they say “within three days from the date of signing”, and the document was signed on August 1, this means that the order must be completed within August 1, 2 and 3. Let me emphasize once again that this is the meaning our native language puts into this phrase.

The same text construction with the same meaning is used by most business instructions. In various government bodies, they traditionally indicate that the deadlines for the execution of documents are calculated in calendar days:

from the date of signing (approval) of the document or
from the date of receipt from third-party organizations (or from citizens).

For example, similar rules can be found in:

clause 7.1.6 of the Standard Instructions for Office Work and Archives in Customs Authorities” (approved by Order of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation dated October 18, 2004 No. 160);
clause 5.11 of the Instructions for office work in the Federal Bailiff Service (approved by order of the FSSP of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2010 No. 682).

Similarly, the Standard Regulations for the Internal Organization of Federal Executive Bodies (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2005 No. 452) regarding the timing of execution of orders contains an indication of their calculation from the date of signing of the order. As a rule, instructions for office management of commercial organizations, and even those non-profits that do not belong to public authorities, fix the rules for calculating deadlines in the same way, since this is logical.

However, there are cases where deadlines, defined by periods of time, should be considered in a special way. And these special cases are specified separately by the legislator, For example:

the initial moment of the period established for relations regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation falls on the next day after the calendar date or the occurrence of the event that determines its beginning (Article 191 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
Likewise, the period established by the legislation on taxes and fees also begins the next day after the calendar date or the occurrence of the event (action) that determined its beginning (Clause 2 of Article 6.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

In ruling No. 6-G07-7 dated August 31, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, considering a labor dispute, explained:

in labor relations, when a certain period leads to the emergence of labor rights and obligations, one should be guided by Art. 14 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and count it starting from the specified calendar day (then it turns out, for example, that the period for familiarization with the order on personnel begins to flow on the day of its publication);
and in all other cases one must be guided by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (act by analogy with it), i.e. the deadline begins to count the next day.

Therefore, it is very important to specify in the office work instructions how the period is considered when labor or civil relations are affected and when they are not affected - and you will not have disputes!”

So, let us remember that, as a general rule, in office work concerning organizational and administrative documents, deadlines begin to run on the day of the specified event, and not the day after it (we warn about existing exceptions to this general rule in our article). Now let’s look at what events can start the countdown of deadlines for the execution of organizational and administrative documents:

1. From the date of approval (signing) by the manager administrative documents created in the organization, for example, such as orders, instructions (Examples 3 and 4).

Example 3

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Quite often the following wording is used in orders:

"4. To the head of the secretariat, Yukova P.A. bring this order to the commercial director A.K. Petrov. in three days from the date of signing the order."

If an order with this wording is signed on August 3, 2011, the calculation of the period will begin from the date of signing the order, i.e. from August 3, 2011. Therefore, the order must be communicated to the executors from August 3 to August 5, 2011 inclusive, i.e. in three days. Note that in this example, working days coincide with calendar days.

But how to control the implementation of an administrative document if it specifies several deadlines for execution? In this case, the deadline for the execution of the administrative document as a whole will be determined by the deadline for the execution of the last completed order.

In addition, it is also possible that the deadline for executing an order under one clause of the administrative document can be calculated from the date of signing the document, and in other clauses it can be determined differently, for example, by a specific date.

2. The countdown of the document execution period can begin from the date of receipt of the document by the organization (date of registration). Most often, in office work, this is the starting point for the execution period that is used, unless otherwise is expressly stated in the text of the document or the manager’s resolution on it. With this scheme of work, the period during which the received document must be registered becomes important; this should be regulated (optimally - within one or two days).

3. Much less often they use the date of the resolution by the manager or the date of receipt of the document by the contractor.

Any of these options can be recorded in the office management instructions of a specific organization. But such rules can established by law for a certain group of documents and organizations(See Examples 4 and 5). If “internal” and “superior” rules conflict, then priority is given to the “superior” ones.

Example 4

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The execution period begins from the date the order is signed by the manager who sent the document to your organization.

This rule is established by the Standard Regulations for the Internal Organization of Federal Executive Bodies (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2005 No. 452) and reads verbatim as follows:

“When the federal executive body receives instructions from the President of the Russian Federation, instructions contained in acts of the Government, minutes of Government meetings, coordination and advisory bodies of the Government headed by the Chairman of the Government, Deputy Chairman of the Government, as well as instructions of the Chairman of the Government and Deputy Chairman of the Government contained in the minutes meetings held by them and resolutions containing the indication “urgently”, “immediately” (or similar), they are subject to execution within 3 days from the date of signing the order.”

Example 5

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The countdown of the document execution period can begin on the next day after the calendar date or the day of the occurrence of the event that determines the beginning of the period.

For example, office management services have to register and control executive documents. They are the basis for taking actions to enforce court decisions, as well as acts of other bodies. Such documents are usually issued by courts and notarial authorities, and include:

writs of execution issued on the basis of decisions, sentences, rulings and orders of courts (judges), settlement agreements approved by the court, decisions of arbitration courts, decisions of foreign courts;
court orders;
executive inscriptions of notarial authorities;
orders of the arbitration court;
accepted payment requests not paid on time;
resolutions issued by administrative bodies on the production of penalties from citizens in an indisputable manner, etc.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 15 of the Law “On Enforcement Proceedings” dated 02.10.2007 No. 229-FZ for such documents, the period calculated in years, months or days begins on the next day after the calendar date or the day of the occurrence of the event that determines the beginning of the period.

Calculating the expiration date

The deadlines for execution of documents can be determined:

Example 6

A clause in an administrative document with a deadline linked to a specific event

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4. Head of the commercial department A.V. Merkulov prepare a report on the sale of products under state contract No. 234/04-11 dated January 11, 2011, concluded with the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, within three working days from the date of shipment of the last batch of products and submit to the General Director of the Company.

Periods calculated in days may or may not include non-working days. Therefore, you should remember difference between calendar and working days:

working days are consecutive days excluding weekends (Saturday, Sunday) and non-working holidays (established in accordance with Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
calendar days are consecutive days that include weekends (Saturday, Sunday), as well as official holidays.

How to understand in which days (calendar or working) the deadline is indicated? As a rule, by default the period is calculated in calendar days. If the author of the document implies working days, then the word “working” is necessarily added to the number of days. Let's explain with an example:

Example 7

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The resolution on the document can be formulated as follows:

This deadline is calculated in calendar days. This instruction was given on 08/04/2011, which means that the period begins to run on 08/04/2011 (this is the 1st day), and the 20th day will be 08/23/2011.

If the author of the document implies working days, then this is additionally noted: “Prepare the report within 20 working days.” And then the last day for timely preparation of the report will be 08/31/2011 (after all, August 6, 7, 13, 14, 20, 21, 27 and 28 are non-working days).

In what days is the document execution period calculated, if the adjective “calendar” or “working” is not explicitly written, it is necessary to establish it in a local regulatory act regulating control over the execution of documents in your organization.

In cases where the last day of the term (calculated in days, months or years) falls on a non-working day, the day of expiration of the term is considered the next working day (this rule, enshrined in Article 193 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, usually applies not only to civil law relationships, but also to others; in order to legitimize this approach in your enterprise, we recommend that you document it in internal regulatory documents, for example, in office management instructions).

Example 8

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Let's say the document says:

"5. To the head of the office Petrova A.K. familiarize the employees of the Enterprise with this order within three days from the date of signing the order.”

If this order is signed on August 26, 2011, then it must be communicated to the executors within three days, i.e. from August 26 to 28, 2011, but given that the 27th and 28th are days off, employees will be able to familiarize themselves with the order on August 26th (Friday) and 29th (Monday), 2011.

A period calculated in months ends on the corresponding day of the last month of the established period.

Example 9

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The order issued the order on August 1, and it must be completed within a month. This means that the last day for its timely completion will be September 1. If 2 months were allotted for its implementation, then it could be completed until October 1 inclusive. But October 1, 2011 is a day off (Saturday), so the following rule is included here (about moving the deadline from a non-working day to the next closest working day) and the end of the deadline moves to October 3, 2011.

If the end of a period calculated in months falls on a month that does not have a corresponding date, the period ends on the last day of that month.

Example 10

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Let's say the order was issued on November 30, 2010 for 3 months. But there is no 30th day in February. Therefore, the deadline for timely execution ends on February 28, 2011.

The rules for periods calculated in months apply to periods calculated in quarters of the year. A period calculated in years ends on the corresponding month and day of the last year of the established period.

Typically, administrative documents contain a specific deadline in the form of a date (periods in the form of months and years are often used in contracts). But there is also confusion with specific dates. There is also something to clarify here. Let's start with the actions that the document/resolution instructs you to take directly in your organization.

1. If the date is simply indicated, then the order must be completed on that day before the end of working hours (usually before 18:00 or 19:00).

Example 11

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"5. Head of the sales department Chekanov A.P. submit the Company's product sales plan for 2012 for approval by the General Director. The deadline is November 1, 2011.”

But the date can be entered differently. Here it is important to pay attention to the absence of any pretexts in front of it:

"5. Head of the sales department Chekanov A.P. submit the Company’s product sales plan for 2012 for approval by the General Director on November 1, 2011.”

Both wordings of the instructions imply that the product sales plan must be submitted for approval to the General Director on November 1, 2011 before 18.00 (end of the working day in this organization).

2. If the date is preceded by the preposition "until", then the order must be completed on the day immediately preceding the date specified in the document/resolution before the end of working hours.

Example 12

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The wording of the order could be as follows:

"6. Heads of structural divisions should submit applications for subscriptions for the second half of 2011 to the head of the general department by June 1, 2011.”

Subscription applications must then be submitted on May 31, 2011 by 6:00 p.m. (the closing time for that organization) or earlier.

3. If the date is preceded by the preposition “by”, then the order must be completed on the specified day before the end of working hours.

Example 13

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"7. Heads of structural divisions must submit applications for the purchase of furniture to the head of the general department by June 1, 2011.”

With this wording of the instructions, applications must be submitted on June 1, 2011 by 18:00 or earlier.

It turns out that when using the preposition “by” the date is included, but when using the preposition “to” it is not included. But in case of conflict situations, it will be difficult to refer to the rules of the Russian language when determining the boundaries of the temporary meaning of the prepositions “before”, “by” and “to”. Moreover, there is a point of view according to which the meaning of these prepositions is the same. It is better to get rid of discrepancies, i.e. reduce risks and stop using prepositions, giving priority to specifying a specific date without a preposition. This rule should be written down in the organization’s office management instructions and it should be explained there that the execution of the order on this day before the end of the working day of your organization will be considered timely.

4. If "no later" is written before the date, then the order must be executed before the end of the working day on the specified date.

Example 14

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"5. Heads of structural divisions must provide the division’s case lists for 2012 to the head of the office management service no later than December 1, 2011.”

This wording implies that case lists must be provided on December 1, 2011, before 6:00 p.m., but preferably earlier.

Example 15

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The organization received a letter of notification from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation about the entry into force on January 1, 2011 of changes made to the law on insurance contributions regarding the timing and composition of reporting. Reports to the Pension Fund must now be submitted no later than the 15th day of the second calendar month following the reporting period (quarter, half-year, nine months and calendar year).

Thus, the Pension Fund explained that the last dates for submitting reports to the Pension Fund in 2011 are February 15, May 16 (May 15 is a day off), August 15 and November 15.

But what about the deadline if if the result of completing an order needs to be provided to an “external” organization(for example, to the tax authority)?

Here you need to consider how the documents will be delivered (by courier or by post). A courier will deliver your documents within 1 day (several hours). It is important to him:

have time to deliver the documents (or other result of completing the order) before the end of the working day of the organization receiving the “package” and
obtain a signature on the receipt indicating the position and full name. who accepted the “package”, as well as the date and preferably time of delivery.

If sending is carried out through Russian Post, then you need to be guided by the following rule: written statements and notices submitted to the communications organization before the last 24 hours are considered submitted on time (Article 194 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, it is important to keep registers of postal items (List for sending consignment items (form 103) or List for sending international consignment items (form 103a), which are signed by the operator of the post office and an imprint of the calendar stamp of the post office), as well as the cash register check (receipt). Samples of these forms are given in the Postal Rules adopted by the Council of Heads of Communications Administrations of the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications.

It should be taken into account that sometimes the legislation establishes “special requirements” for sending certain types of documents.

Example 16

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For enforcement documents, Article 16 of the Law “On Enforcement Proceedings” dated October 2, 2007 No. 229-FZ establishes the following requirements: “An action for which a deadline has been established can be completed before 24 hours of the last day of the established period.” This means that if an application, complaint, other documents or sums of money were submitted to the authority or transferred to the person authorized to accept them or submitted to the post office before 24 hours of the last day of the established deadline, then the deadline is not considered missed.

Life truth

From work experience, we can say that the problem with deadlines (especially the question “from what to count from”?) arises when the document, as they say, “has been lying around” with the manager. This is especially true for those documents whose execution period is up to 10 days inclusive. Therefore, when sending documents to the head of the organization for review, you should immediately select documents with a limited deadline. In many organizations, they specially create for this purpose folders marked “Urgent”. From my experience, I can say that managers work with this folder in different ways.

For example, they consider its contents first. But if there are a lot of documents in it, then there may be no time left to consider “non-urgent” documents, or the manager will simply be busy resolving other issues. Then it may turn out that “non-urgent” documents will become “super urgent”.

The experience of managers who adhere to the rule “all documents are reviewed by the organization’s managers on the day they receive them and do not end their working day until they have reviewed all the documents” is positive. This principle works really well, which significantly affects the effectiveness of control over the execution of documents. But who can force the leader, except himself? Although the discipline of the first person usually disciplines managers of all ranks.

Sometimes external reasons can also affect the deadline. For example, a document was delivered to the organization untimely (poor performance of the post office, courier, various force majeure circumstances). And instead of registering it, for example, at 10:00 on August 1, 2011, you will have to register it the next day. It is clear that, for reasons beyond your control, this document will be submitted to the manager for review a whole day later. If the document contains a specific deadline, then the deadline for your organization will be reduced by one day, i.e. the whole day falls out. What if 5 days out of 10 fall? The question is, can you meet that deadline? If you can, then good. And if not? Then we need to think about what can be done. We recommend registering urgent documents on the day of receipt, indicating the time. In addition, documents received and registered in the organization after 17.00 hours, if it is impossible to review them on the day of receipt, must be reviewed by the manager before 11.00 hours the next day. Important documents are usually delivered by registered mail, and if such an envelope/package is delayed on the way, then when you receive the mail at the post office, you need to check in the receipt receipt form (Form 119) whether the back side is filled out correctly by the post office employee (there indicate when and to whom the shipment was transferred, whether it was received personally or by proxy; if by proxy, then the surname of the authorized person is written), while the recipient puts his signature and full name in the “Received” line.

Postponement of the deadline for execution of documents

The deadline for the execution of documents must be realistic and take into account the time required to perform technical operations of the contractor with documents and the degree of workload of employees.

Is it possible to change the deadline for the execution of a document? Yes:

standard deadlines change with the adoption of a new regulatory act,
individual - by the managers who installed them.

It often happens that after a detailed study of the order by the responsible executor, it turns out that the time allotted by the manager is insufficient. In this case, the responsible executor informs the manager who monitors the execution of the document on its merits, identifies any problems that have arisen, and justifies the actual deadline for execution. Further, it is possible to change the deadline, but only after informing the manager who set it. Typically, informing the manager about the need to change the deadline for the execution of a document is carried out by the one who controls the execution of the document on its merits.

The document regulating the procedure for monitoring the execution of documents at the enterprise must provide for a procedure for changing the deadline for execution or removing a document from control if there is no longer a need for its execution.

An extension of the execution period must be issued immediately upon receipt of the document by the contractor or before the expiration of the document execution period. If these conditions are violated, the document will be considered unfulfilled.

During execution, the manager can not only change the timing of the document, but also clarify the task, change the composition of performers and co-executors. All this information, if it changes, is immediately reported by the responsible person to the control group.

But situations are also possible when the deadline for completing an order is, as they say, “missed”, i.e. the order was not completed in a timely manner. For such cases, the relevant regulatory document must provide for liability for “violators.”

Example 17

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This situation is reflected in the Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation:

“If the order is not executed within the prescribed period, the executor (the main executor) of the order, within 3 days after the expiration of the period given for the execution of the order, submits to the Government an explanation about the state of execution of the order, the reasons for its non-execution within the prescribed period, indicating the officials, who are entrusted with the execution of the order, and about the liability measures taken against employees guilty of failure to fulfill the order.”

Having analyzed the calculation of deadlines for the execution of orders and documents, we see that this problem is not as simple as it seems. Therefore, the issue of calculating the deadline should be regulated in detail in your organizational and administrative documents. In addition, the organization’s document flow itself must be structured in such a way as to eliminate document delays.

Footnotes

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One common instance of difficulty in choosing the correct spelling is during or during. It is useful for everyone to know how to correctly use such phrases in a text, since even the Word program most likely will not help clarify the situation with the correct ending. The built-in spell checker is only useful when you type "in progress" or "in progress" instead of "in progress."

During – together or separately? The answer to this question is clear. In any case, it is correct to write separately. This is where a text editor with a built-in spell checker will help, highlighting combined spelling as erroneous. However, automatic fixing is not always available. Therefore, it is easier to remember this rather easy rule, which will help out under any circumstances.

Which ending is correct: “e” or “i”? There is no clear answer here. Both options are correct, but are used in different cases, as they differ in meaning. At the same time, automatic spell checking is powerless, because spelling a phrase with either the ending “i” or “e” is not incorrect.

So you can find out for sure which ending should be written only by looking at the phrase in the sentence.

Spelling in cases where you can ask the question “in what?”

Correct: ending with “and”.

These are two parts of speech: the preposition “in” and the noun, which is in the prepositional case. That is, the phrase answers the question “in what?” The noun following the preposition in such cases can have any of the following meanings (for example, “flow” or “development”):

Years later, scientists noticed changes (in what?) in the flow of the river.

Doctors managed to achieve improvement (in what?) in the course of the disease.

In addition, a noun can have dependent words, that is, for the purpose of spelling check, the combination is easily separated by inserting an adjective into it. For example:

In the (what?) rapid flow of events, a pattern became noticeable.

Spelling when meaning “for some time” or “during”

Correct: with the ending "e".

This is a complex preposition, which is similar in meaning to the expressions “during”, “for the time” or “during”. Following the rules of the Russian language, the ending of a combination with this meaning should always be written in the form of the letter “e”:

During the lesson, schoolchildren studied the spelling of the adjective “tin” and made sentences with the word.

Over the past four years, they have vacationed at sea three times.

Two separate words form one part of speech (complex preposition), therefore it will not be possible to insert anything else between them without violating the meaning. This feature can be used for testing purposes. So, for example, you cannot separate this stable combination by inserting an additional word in the following sentence:

He had been unable to grasp the ever-elusive moment for a long time.

For comparison: between the preposition “in” and the noun “current” you can insert the word “fast”:

He once tried to capture a subtle moment (of what?) in the rapid passage of time.

Spelling in cases where you can ask the question “what?”

Correct: with the ending "e".

Here everything is in many ways similar to the case with the phrase ending in “and”. The difference lies in the question answered by the combination: “into what?” or “where?” These are the same two parts of speech: a preposition and a noun, but in the accusative. Otherwise there are no differences. The noun here can also be used in any meaning (for example, “flow” or “course”):

The authorities learned that industrial waste had gotten into (what?) the river.

He noticed that (into what?) memories of the previous conversation constantly burst into his thoughts.

In such cases, it is also possible for the noun to have dependent words. That is, to check the spelling, for example, an adjective is inserted into the middle of the combination, and the phrase will still make sense.

conclusions

Regardless of the semantic load and ending (“e” or “i”), the phrase is written separately. At the same time, the choice of the last letter during writing is influenced by the meaning in the sentence, that is, belonging to one or two parts of speech.

Should be written ending with "and", If:

it answers the question “in what?”, being a preposition and a noun;

The phrase should be written with ending "e", If:

it is similar in meaning to the expressions “during”, “during”, “for the time”, being a stable combination that is used as a complex preposition;
It is impossible to put a word between the parts of the combination.

the phrase answers the question “what?”, being a preposition and a noun;
You can put a word between the parts of the combination.

In the rich Russian language there are many punctuation marks, the use of which sometimes determines the meaning of a sentence. For example, the essence of the expression “Execution cannot be pardoned” is regulated only by a comma, which becomes the main emphasis of the statement.

But it’s not just a matter of punctuation: the semantics of specific words changes radically from one letter. Often, the question of the correct use of certain phrases is asked, in addition to schoolchildren and students, by journalists, copywriters and teachers.

For example, one of the popular spelling questions is formed around the spelling of the derived preposition “during” and the noun “during”. In this particular case, the meaning and correct use of the phrase depends on the writing of the last letter. Although incorrect spelling will not be a critical error, it is still better to follow a simple rule with a clear example.

During (cases of use, rules)

Before asking the question of spelling, it is necessary to answer the question: “What part of speech is a specific semantic unit?”

In this case, the semantic unit “during” is always a preposition that indicates the time of action. This preposition is always written with a letter “e” at the end, regardless of other factors.

For example: He will come within ten minutes. The bus will arrive within an hour.

Correct spelling: "Within an hour"

For a clear example, this preposition can be posed with the question of time: “For how long?”, “In how long?”

For example: The problem must be solved within two hours. The problem must be solved in two hours.

It is worth noting that it is impossible to insert any other part of the sentence between “in” and “current”.

Remember: if the semantic unit “during” is used as a preposition indicating the time of action, the spelling will always be with the letter “e” at the end, regardless of any factors!

During (cases of use, rules)

This semantic unit is the noun “current” and the preposition to it - “in”, and has certain nuances in the spelling of the endings “e” and “i”. In specific cases, this phrase is declined according to cases, which changes the ending. Therefore, the correct spelling does not depend on clearly established rules, but on the specific meaning of the statement.

To understand what part of speech the semantic unit “in the course” is, try inserting some adjective between “in” and “in the course.” If this can be done, then in this case this phrase will act as a noun.

For example: A ghost ship got lost in the (turbulent) current of the river.

In this case, we see that an adjective can be added to a noun.

Correct spelling: "During the river"

Let's look at two examples:

We found ourselves in (what?) a sea current that had the opposite direction to the previous one.
There was a sharp turn in the course of (what?) the river.

As you can see, both sentences contain a noun. It, depending on the specific case, answers the questions: “In what?”, “In what?”. In this situation, both spellings are the correct option, since a noun tends to be inflected by case, unlike a preposition.

In order to correctly write this semantic unit, which acts as a noun, it is necessary to determine the case of the word to which it is attached. In the first example, the adjective “sea” is in the accusative case (whom? what?). Accordingly, the noun “current” is also written in the accusative case.

During the day or throughout the day - which is correct?

If everything is clear and understandable with the writing of a preposition and a noun, then in the case of the expression “during the day/during the day” questions arise.

In the case when we are talking about a time period, it would be correct to use the option “during the day.”

For example: The report must be submitted within a day.

The rule for writing "During" and "During"

However, there is an exception.

For example: In the rapid flow of the day.

In this case, writing the noun “current” with the letter “and” at the end is the correct usage, since the semantic unit “during” in this case is not a preposition indicating the length of time, but a link between a preposition and a noun.

For simple and easy memorization, you can learn one rule, which consists of two examples:

During the day - during the river

Explanation: if the meaning is to indicate time, then we write the ending “e”, and if the essence is the flow of water, river, etc. - then the ending will be “and”.

In Russian there are two possible uses of words - “during” and “during”. To choose the right one, you need to determine what part of speech the word is in the sentence.

Right

During– such a combination in a sentence is often a complex preposition, which is always written with the letter “e” at the end of the word. Used in designs like: for an hour, for a day, for two minutes, etc. Can be replaced with synonyms: throughout, for (some time), during, during.
You must provide documents within two days
No one lived in this house for three years.
The referees were watching us throughout the game.
We've been doing this for a very long time.
Money should arrive within an hour

During– very rarely such a construction in a sentence can be a combination of a preposition with a noun in the form of the accusative case (in what?)
Engineers made changes to fluid flow
Dye added to clear liquid

During– a combination of the preposition “in” with the noun “current” in the form of the prepositional case, answers the question “in what?” The letter “i” is written at the end of the word. You can add a modifier between a preposition and a noun without losing the meaning of the sentence.
Changes have been recorded in the course of the river – Changes have been recorded in the course of the river under study
There can be many surprises in the flow of a mountain river – There can be many surprises in the fast flow of a mountain river
There were stones in the slow flow of the lava flow – There were stones in the slow flow of the lava flow
We wondered for a long time that it floated down the river
There is an unsolved mystery in the passage of time

Important! If the context of the sentence implies “the passage of time” as a certain abstract physical quantity that has the property of fluidity, then a combination of the preposition “in” and the noun “flow” (prepositional case form) is used. It is usually used with an explanatory word (adjective), which indicates that the word “flow” is a noun and not a complex preposition.
In the inexorable passage of the day, the hour of reckoning was getting closer
In the rapid flow of life, he did not have time to do the most important thing
In the crazy flow of the day I forgot to call home