Military oath of the Russian Federation. When do they take the oath in the army after being drafted? How is the oath taking by the soldiers of the Russian army

Russia is one of the few countries in the world where such a phenomenon as conscription military service has been preserved. Young people aged 18-27 should repay their debt to the Motherland in our country. And one of the most solemn events of this, of course, is the taking of the oath by the soldiers of the Russian army. Not all recruits have a clear idea of the order of the procedure, its meaning, timing and other nuances. In this article we will try to answer all the questions and dispel the myths about taking the oath.

What is an oath?

A military oath is a ceremonial oath given by a citizen upon conscription or entry into the armed forces of his state. In other words, it is a solemn oath of allegiance to the Fatherland. From that moment on, the recruit becomes a soldier with all the duties and rights attached to him. A young man receives the official status of a serviceman (which is recorded in his military ID) and from now on any day he can stand with a weapon in defense of the Motherland.

The oath in the army of the Russian Federation is not an exclusive custom of our state. The soldier's oath of allegiance to the Fatherland has very ancient roots - written evidence has preserved information about the text of the oath of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Surely the age of oral oaths, passed down from generation to generation, is even older. The tradition of taking an oath in a military unit is alive today in such countries as Belarus, Ukraine, Israel, Germany, Poland, the USA, and so on.

For a newly minted soldier, the day of the oath is also a solemn, exciting event, and, by the way, an additional day off. On this day, there is a chance to see relatives and friends, to celebrate this event within the bounds of decency.

Oath text

Throughout Russian history, the content of the military oath has been rewritten more than once - to please the rulers, based on the nature of the state system, changing values. However, the meaning remained the same: a solemn oath of allegiance to the state.

The modern text of the oath is short and meaningful: "I, (full name), solemnly swear allegiance to my Fatherland - the Russian Federation. I swear to sacredly observe the Constitution of the Russian Federation, strictly comply with the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders and superiors. I swear to adequately fulfill military duty courageously defend the freedom, independence, constitutional order of Russia, the people and the Fatherland".

This speech was approved by Art. 40 of the Federal Law "On military duties and service" in 1998. Prior to that, in the history of the Russian Federation, the text introduced by a presidential decree in 1992 was used. It was more common: it contained words about the non-use of weapons against their own government and people, the readiness to do military service both on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad.

History of the Russian oath

They also differed in the content of the oath of various eras of Russian history:

Imperial Army. The servicemen swore on the Gospel before God, the Fatherland and His Imperial Majesty. In conclusion, they kissed the Crucifix. The text was not small, but its essence was in one thing - the soldiers swore allegiance to the emperor. If the "Mohammedans" took an oath, then they held their right hand on the Koran and repeated the words of the oath behind the spiritual person. Rituals were defined for followers of Judaism, Catholic, Lutheran faith.

provisional government. Soldiers and officers swore allegiance to the new government and the Russian state. They confirmed their words with the banner of the cross.
Red Army. The soldiers swore allegiance to the Workers 'and Peasants' Government, pledged to protect the people's property, study military affairs, and be devoted to the Motherland to the last drop of blood. Violation of the oath was punishable by law, "the contempt and hatred of the working people."
the USSR. The oath of a soldier of the Soviet army in many respects repeated the previous one, but was more common. The serviceman was obliged to keep military and state secrets, to bravely endure all difficulties, to be ready to fight only until victory or death.

What is the importance of an oath?

The oath in the army of the Navy, Air Force, Airborne Forces and other troops takes place in the same order and is of great importance. Many recruits consider it a formal, solemn event, but this is not so. Indeed, before the conscript has not uttered the word of the oath, he is not a full-fledged military man:

It is impossible to assign a unit of weapons, military equipment to it.
A fighter cannot take up duty, take part in the settlement of a military conflict, or eliminate the consequences of an emergency.
The recruit is not authorized to arrest the military police, to judge the tribunal.

Hence an interesting fact: the machine guns that recruits hold in their hands while taking the oath are "no one's", not officially assigned to them.

How is the oath taken in the army?

The ritual of taking the oath in all parts is one and solemn:

On the appointed day and hour, the military personnel line up on the parade ground on foot. Dress uniform, weapon in hand. Those who have to pronounce the text of the oath are in the first ranks.
The state flag of the Russian Federation, the battle flag is brought to the site. There is a military band.
The event begins with a brief speech by the commander of the military unit: he recalls the importance and exclusivity of the event.
How is the oath in the army? The soldier is called out of action, after which he reads the words of the military oath. Then he signs in a special list next to his last name and returns to duty.
After all the soldiers swore allegiance to the Fatherland, the commander congratulates them on this significant event. Sometimes veterans, officials, parents of recruits who came to the ceremony join his words.
In conclusion, the orchestra plays the anthem of the Russian Federation. To the music, the military unit marches along the parade ground in a solemn march.

The tradition of taking the oath near the monuments of military glory, places of heroic battles is also alive.

Formal ceremony?

Many former military personnel will tell you that taking the oath is a formal, rehearsed spectacle for officials, families and friends of recruits who have come to this solemn, exciting event from afar. They are partly right: in many parts, at the time of the ceremony, recruits are already full-fledged soldiers. After all, they had already signed all the necessary documents the day before.

So when do they take the oath in the army after being drafted? This happens in the evening before the official ceremony. The serviceman signs in the form opposite his surname. This is not just done. For many conscripts, a solemn ceremony, where their relatives, new comrades, respected people will be, is an extremely exciting event. Therefore, in such an environment, it costs nothing to spoil the document by putting the signature in the wrong place. To avoid such incidents, the signing of the documentation is transferred to a more relaxed environment.

When do they take the oath in the army after being drafted?

The oath is taken by a soldier far from immediately after he is assigned to a specific military unit. Before the oath of allegiance, he must, according to the laws of the Russian Federation, pass the "Course of a young fighter", i.e. basic military training. Its duration is 60 days.

From here, the path of a serviceman is as follows: from the recruiting station he is sent to the training department, where for 2 months he comprehends the basics of soldier science. Only then does he arrive at the military unit, where this ceremony will take place.

No one can say the exact time of the oath in the army for a specific draft, because the guys enter different units at different times. But there is a landmark - no more than 60 days after the call.

Renunciation of the oath

Is it possible not to take an oath in the army? A considerable number of conscripts are interested in this question. Moreover, young people study the Constitution, the Military Regulations and other legislative acts in order to find a legal justification for such a refusal. However, in no official document today can one find a clause that would allow a soldier to evade the oath. This is one of the duties of a conscript.

The laws attribute only one thing: on the eve of the ceremony, the unit commander should ask the soldiers if their religious views allow them to hold weapons in their hands during the oath? As a rule, there are very few guys who want to set off a solemn oath without a machine gun.

How to read the oath test correctly?

Along with the question "when do they take the oath in the army after being drafted?" future recruits are concerned about how to pronounce the words of the oath correctly. Note that after the fighter arrives from the training unit to the military, he will have about a week of time to get used to the new environment, learn the words of the oath and the anthem of the Russian Federation.

The training process is closely monitored - the success of the soldiers in this matter is checked every day. In case of "failure" a forced march or other penalty may threaten. The measures really make sense, so by the day of the ceremony, the guys know the text by heart. At the same time, the event is rehearsed more than once, which is why the taking of the oath is usually not overshadowed by curiosities.

For a specific fighter, the procedure would look like this:

After the commander calls him by his last name, the soldier leaves the line.
His path lies to a table with a red folder - the text of the oath is written in it.
When standing at attention, looking straight ahead, the fighter clearly pronounces an oath. If something is forgotten, he has a chance to peep into the folder.
After that, a signature is put on the document (if this has not been done earlier), the soldier says loudly: "I serve the Russian Federation!".
Then, with a marching step, you need to go to the end of the line. And after the ceremony - to accept congratulations on taking the oath in the army from friends and relatives.

It is important to know!

We bring to your attention a few more points that will be useful to the young fighter:

We have already answered when they take the oath in the army after being drafted - not earlier than 2 months later. Therefore, do not believe the rumors that the ceremony will take place exactly one month after the call. This contradicts the Federal Law "On military service and military duties."
Once again, we note the impossibility of refusing the oath. There is a rule in the army: the order of the commander is first carried out, and only then discussed. The ceremony itself is officially called the "Sworn Ritual". It follows from this that the soldier is not asked about his desire, but is led to fulfillment.
After the celebration - free time, which a real soldier can spend time with his loved ones who came to the solemn event. Usually dismissal is granted for the next two days.
Who can you invite to take the oath? In some parts, everything is very strict - only the parents of the recruit, as well as the persons accompanying them. That is, your beloved girl, friends should unite with your relatives in order to see you at the taking of the oath. By the way, guests are required to have a passport with them.
Remember one more sad nuance - if your parents were not at the ceremony, then 2 days of dismissal are not waiting for you. Weekends you will have to spend in part.
Foreigners who are called up under a contract to serve in the Russian Armed Forces do not take an oath to our country. The only thing is that they sign an obligation to abide by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and follow the orders of their commanders.

Legal aspect

In conclusion, we will introduce you to the legal aspect of the issue under consideration - about taking the oath. It is governed by the following laws:

Art. 40 FZ "On military service". Contains the text of the oath.
Art. 41 of the Federal Law "On military service". Prescribes that the oath is taken only after the recruit has completed the "Young Fighter Course". Just like conscripts, cadets of military professional educational institutions (in the 1st and 2nd year of study), students of military departments of civilian universities, officers sent for training for the first time (military training) take the oath.
Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On the status of a serviceman". A conscript is considered a soldier with all his rights and obligations not from the day of the solemn oath, but already upon arrival at the military unit (on the ship) from the assembly point. At this point, he is no longer a subject of civil, but of military legislation and is responsible for the commission of military offenses.
Art. 41 of the Federal Law "On Military Service", in addition to the previous paragraph, gives the soldier a number of duties after taking the oath: securing military weapons, participating in hostilities, guarding, and so on.

Again, the answer does not fit into the scope of a comment. Still, this is the answer. I'll try to put it in the form of a message a little later.

The first Russian military oath of the early 18th century

Formally, the text of the Russian military oath is based on the original version of the times of Peter the Great:

"I (name), I promise Almighty God to faithfully serve His Majesty Peter the Great, Tsar and Autocrat of All Russia, and passing, and passing, and the heirs with all jealousy, at the very least (what exact words were found!) Of my strength, not sparing the belly and estate "And I must fulfill all decrees and charters composed, and henceforth composed by His Majesty and His State. And I must everywhere, in all cases, warn and protect the interests of His Majesty and the State, and inform that I will hear the opposite and turn away everything harmful. And by His enemy of the Majesty and His State, to do every possible harm everywhere, to announce and search for villains. keep the answer on the Day of Judgment, in which may the Lord God Almighty help me."

Oath to Nicholas II
sworn promise

I, the one named below, promise and swear by Almighty God, before his holy Gospel, that I want and owe His Imperial Majesty, my true and natural Most Merciful Great Sovereign Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich Autocrat of the All-Russian Throne, the heir to faithfully and unhypocritically serve, not sparing my life, to the last drop of blood, and all to His High Imperial Majesty the Autocracy, strength and power, the rights and privileges belonging, legitimized and legitimized in advance, at the utmost understanding, strength and ability, to fulfill.

It is interesting that people of a different faith, primarily Muslims, Lutherans and Jews, took the oath in a special way, in their own language and in the presence of their clergyman.
The procedure for swearing in Mohammedans was as follows:
1. during the oath, the swearer must, during the oath, hold two fingers of his right hand on the open Quran, repeat the words of the oath that the clergyman of the Mohammedan faith reads to him, and at the end of the oath, kiss the words of the Quran,
2. A person dressed to be present at the taking of an oath must:
a) verify the correctness of its fulfillment according to the column in which the Tatar or other Eastern language words of the oath are depicted in Russian letters, and
b) observe that the clergy of the Mohammedan faith, during the reading of the oath, and especially at the end of it, do not at all pronounce phrases in Arabic: insha Allah, and in Tatar: Allah-tilase (that is, if God pleases), but also do not change their place and position, and that after each long break on their part of reading, such as: coughing, fainting, etc., they resume reading the sworn sheet.
3. in those places where there is no clergyman of the Mohammedan faith, the swearing in of Mohammedans should be entrusted to one of the literate Muslims, and if the swearer himself is literate, then he himself is allowed to read the words of the oath. Due to the lack of literate Muslims and the illiteracy of the person being sworn in, the person dressed up to bring him to it must read to him the words of the oath written in Russian letters.
4. The procedure for swearing in Jews and the form of the Jewish oath for entry into military service were set out in the Rules of the Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Confessions. According to the above statute, Jews were sworn in at any time, except for Saturdays and holidays, in synagogues or prayer schools, and where there are no synagogues and prayer schools - in a place of attendance, by commanding officials and a rabbi or his assistant, in the presence of two Jewish witnesses where possible.

There is an eyewitness account:

"..... Colonel Rerberg leads the regiment to the parade ground, and a rare beauty picture of the oath of the recruits of the 3rd Grenadier King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of the Pernovsky regiment opens before his eyes. In the middle of the parade ground there are six completely identical tables covered with white tablecloths. In front of the tables, at some distance, stands the regiment's denominator senior non-commissioned officer Artur Stepin with the banner of the regiment and an assistant. Gradually, after several rearrangements, on the other side of each table, slender squares of taut Pernovist grenadiers are formed. Clergymen of different religions appear in front of each table. Regimental priest with a Cross and the Gospel stands in front of the first table, in front of which stands the largest "square" of recruits. In front of the second table stands a Catholic priest, in front of the third - a Lutheran pastor, in front of the fourth - a Muslim mullah, in front of the fifth - a Jewish rabbi, and in front of the sixth, near which only two grenadiers - no one. The rank of oath begins , and my friend Artur Stepin, the bannerman, his real name is Artur Stoping, and he himself is a Finn Lutheran, but he fulfills his honorary duty as a bannerman brilliantly. At the same time, my father, the regimental commander, comes up to the last table, and I see an amazing thing that could only happen here, in old Russia. Both recruits take small packages from their pockets and carefully unfold the rags in which they are wrapped. Having unfolded the rags, both take out of the bundles two small wooden "gods" carved from wood and greased with lard. Both wooden "god-idols" are placed on the table between my father and two recruits, and only then my father, as the highest boss in their eyes, swears both grenadiers to serve "faithfully and truthfully" to the Tsar and Fatherland. After the end of the oath, the clergy retired, the recruits returned to their companies, and the regiment entered its barracks with a beautiful ribbon.

Russian military oath to the Provisional Government of Kerensky

In March-April 1917, the troops swore allegiance to the Provisional Government of A.F. Kerensky according to the text:

Oath Promise 1917

"I swear on the honor of an officer (soldier) and promise before God and my conscience to be faithful and unfailingly devoted to the Russian State as to my Fatherland. I swear to serve it to the last drop of blood, contributing in every possible way to the glory and prosperity of the Russian State. I undertake to obey the Provisional Government, now heading the Russian State, until the establishment of the form of government by the will of the people through the Constituent Assembly. I will carry out the official duties entrusted to me with full exertion of my strength, having in my thoughts exclusively the benefit of the state and not sparing life for the good of the Fatherland. I swear to obey all the chiefs assigned to me, repairing them complete obedience in all cases when it is required by my duty as an officer (soldier) and a citizen to the Fatherland.I swear to be an honest, conscientious, brave officer (soldier) and not break my oath because of self-interest, kinship, friendship and enmity. oaths I overshadow myself with the sign of the cross and neither I'm subscribing"

Note for persons of other religious denominations (I quote from the original text of 1917):

1) This form of oath is designed for persons of Orthodox and Roman Catholic faith.
2) For persons of Lutheran confession, the words "I make the sign of the cross" should be released from the final form of the oath.
3) For persons of the Mohammedan confession, the oath ends like this: "I conclude this my oath with the words of the glorious Koran and I sign below."
4) For persons of Jewish confession, the words: "I make the sign of the cross" are excluded from the final phrase of the oath.
5) For pagans and for persons who do not accept oaths according to their teaching, read the initial phrase of the oath: "I communicate before my honor to be faithful and invariably devoted to the Russian State, as to my fatherland." From the final phrase of the oath, the words are excluded: "I make myself the sign of the cross."

In this sense, the fall of the Provisional Government and its disintegration freed the Russian military from subordination to it, and a bad story came out with the Constituent Assembly. It did not gather more and did not express its will in any way. With his delegates, the Supreme Ruler, Admiral Kolchak, acted harshly.
Thus, if we directly follow the logic of those who assure that the white officer followed the oath, then we must admit that then he fought to restore Kerensky and the power of his ministers, and then wait for the convocation of the Constituent Assembly (hereinafter referred to as the US). In real life, nothing like this was observed. Most of the tsarist officers, in the conditions of the collapse of the country and the outbreak of the Civil War, sought to DO NOTHING AT ALL. I strongly recommend to everyone the next "notes of an eyewitness" - the novel "The White Guard" by Mikhail Bulgakov. It perfectly describes what these "valiant defenders of the fatherland" did in Kyiv occupied by the GERMANS in 1918. Bohemian party...
I believe that the white officer, having betrayed the monarchy and scored a bolt on Kerensky, was thus generally freed from any connection between him and the Russian state, the leaders of the white movement themselves did not establish any new connection, which largely led to a sad outcome, because if it was clear who to fight against, then for what - it was no longer clear. The proof of this is the already mentioned execution of US delegates on the orders of Kolchak (quite a white officer). The conclusion is that he categorically did not intend to obey the Constituent Assembly.

Military oaths of the Red Army during the Civil War

In the context of the confusion of the Civil War, each of the many parties to the conflict except the whites (!) applied their oath. Samples of the Red Oath (the victorious RSFSR and the Far East) looked like this:

Solemn promise formula
approved at the meeting
All-Russian Central Executive Committee
Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', Peasants' and Cossacks' Deputies
dated April 22, 1918

1. I, the son of the working people, a citizen of the Soviet Republic, accept the title of soldier of the workers' and peasants' army.
2. In the face of the working classes of Russia and the whole world, I undertake to bear this title with honor, conscientiously study military affairs and, like the apple of my eye, protect people's and military property from damage and plunder.
3. I undertake to strictly and unswervingly observe revolutionary discipline and unquestioningly carry out all orders of commanders appointed by the authorities of the Workers' and Peasants' Government.
4. I undertake to refrain myself and refrain my comrades from any actions that discredit and degrade the dignity of a citizen of the Soviet Republic, and to direct all my actions and thoughts towards the great goal of the liberation of all working people.
5. I undertake, at the first call of the Workers' and Peasants' Government, to defend the Soviet Republic from all dangers and attempts from all its enemies, and in the struggle for the Russian Soviet Republic, for the cause of socialism and the brotherhood of peoples, to spare neither my strength nor life itself .
6. If by malicious intent I deviate from this my solemn promise, then let universal contempt be my lot and let the harsh hand of revolutionary law punish me.
Chairman of the CEC Ya. Sverdlov; CEC Secretary V. Avanesov; April 25, 1918

FORMULA OF THE SOLEMN PROMISE OF THE SOLDIER OF THE PEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY ARMY
OF THE FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC

1. I, the son of the working people, a citizen of the Far Eastern Republic, with this solemn promise, accept the honorary title of a soldier of the People's Revolutionary Army (or People's Revolutionary Navy) and defender of the interests of the working people.
2. In the face of the working classes of the republic, fraternal Soviet Russia and the entire working world, I undertake to bear a high rank with honor, conscientiously study military affairs and, like the apple of my eye, protect the people's property and military property from plunder and damage.
3. I undertake to strictly and unswervingly observe revolutionary discipline, unquestioningly carry out all orders of commanders appointed by the authorities of the labor government of the republic, and firmly adhere to the rules of comradely unity among myself.
4. I solemnly undertake, at the first call of the government elected by the working people, to defend the republic from all dangers and attempts from all its enemies and in the struggle for revolutionary gains, the integrity and tranquility of the laboring Far Eastern and fraternal workers' and peasants' Soviet Republic, for the cause of socialism and brotherhood of peoples, to spare neither one's strength nor life itself.
5. I solemnly undertake to refrain myself and to restrain my comrades from all acts that discredit and degrade the dignity of a free citizen of the laboring Far Eastern Republic, and to direct all my actions towards the single goal of the liberation of all working people.
6. If, through malicious intent, I deviate from this my solemn promise, then general contempt will be my lot, and the mercilessly harsh hand of revolutionary laws will punish me.
Pre-War Council, Commander-in-Chief and Voenmin BLUKHER

Soviet military oath of 1939

On the eve of the Second World War, the text of the Soviet oath acquired a canonical form in the edition of 1939, although it is still based on the victorious version of 1918, tested by life.

military oath

I, a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, joining the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, take an oath and solemnly swear to be an honest, brave, disciplined, vigilant fighter, strictly keep military and state secrets, implicitly comply with all military regulations and orders of commanders, commissars and chiefs.
I swear to conscientiously study military affairs, to protect military and people's property in every possible way, and to the last breath to be devoted to my People, my Soviet Motherland and the Workers 'and Peasants' Government.
I am always ready, on the orders of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government, to defend my Motherland - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and, as a soldier of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, I swear to defend it courageously, skillfully, with dignity and honor, not sparing my blood and life itself for achieving complete victory over the enemies.
If, by malicious intent, I break this solemn oath of mine, then let me suffer the severe punishment of Soviet law, the general hatred and contempt of the working people.
Signed: Member of the Main Military Council of the Red Army I. V. Stalin; February 23, 1939

The Stalinist oath withstood the test of battles, but as the administrative drift of the state machine of the USSR from a nationwide state to a bureaucratic empire, at the height of the Khrushchev "thaw", was recognized as obsolete.

Soviet military oath of 1960

Peacetime military oath of "victorious", and later "developed" socialism of the 60s:

military oath

I, a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, joining the ranks of the Armed Forces, take an oath and solemnly swear to be an honest, brave, disciplined, vigilant warrior, strictly keep military and state secrets, implicitly comply with all military regulations and orders of commanders and superiors.

If, however, I violate this solemn oath of mine, then let me suffer the severe punishment of Soviet law, the general hatred and contempt of the working people.
Approved by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 23, 1960

Soviet military oath of 1977

In the seventies, the oath was amended, in connection with the adoption of the new Constitution of 1977, a corresponding mention was included in its text, which made the oath a document of direct action. The place of God and the tsar-father was replaced by the Constitution and the Soviet people. In the 80s, on the eve of the 1991 coup, the corrected text of the military oath of the Soviet Union looked like this:

Military oath of the last years of the USSR.

I, a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, joining the Armed Forces, take an oath and solemnly swear to be an honest, brave, disciplined, vigilant soldier, strictly keep military and state secrets, abide by the constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws, implicitly comply with all military regulations and orders commanders and chiefs.
I swear to conscientiously study military affairs, to protect military and people's property in every possible way, and to my last breath to be devoted to my people, my Soviet Motherland and the Soviet government.
I am always ready, on the orders of the Soviet government, to defend my Motherland - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and, as a soldier of the Armed Forces, I swear to defend it courageously, skillfully, with dignity and honor, not sparing my blood and life itself in order to achieve complete victory over enemies .
If, however, I break this solemn oath of mine, then let me suffer the severe punishment of Soviet law, the general hatred and contempt of the Soviet people.

Draft Military Oath of the Commonwealth of Independent States 1992

In the context of the collapse of the USSR, the illusion persisted for some time that "the worst did not happen," in the sense that the Civil War did not start, and the Third World War did not. The drafts of the oath of the joint armed forces of the CIS became the memory of those naive hopes.

Military oath of the Russian Federation 1993

The Yeltsin oath of 1993 became the pinnacle of leapfrog with the main symbol of the fulfillment of military duty. Due to the brevity and vagueness of this document, it is impossible to establish whether a specific "oath" has violated or observed its formula. Compare it with the ones above for yourself.

military oath

I, (last name, first name, patronymic), solemnly swear allegiance to my Motherland - the Russian Federation.
I swear to sacredly observe its Constitution and laws, strictly comply with the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders and superiors.
I swear to honorably fulfill my military duty, courageously defend the freedom, independence and constitutional order of Russia, the people and the Fatherland.
Approved by the law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" dated February 11, 1993.

Epitaph

Half of the Russian army is still (!) serving according to the "old Soviet oath", assuring that they are "loyal to the fatherland." As usual, the story of treason to the motherland and military duty was repeated in the form of a bloody farce. It is not known what the last deputies of the Constituent Assembly were shouting, rushing about under the bullets of the firing squad on the banks of the Irtysh. The organizer of the action, Admiral Kolchak, was soon slapped there. But, the procedure for the public execution by "used Soviet officers" from tank guns of the last stub of Soviet power (!), in October 1993, was carefully preserved for posterity by CNN operators. Yes, and the main participants are still alive. Including opponents, Rutskoi and Khasbulatov. Fatherland "faithful sons", yeah ... For a country "democratically liberated" in peacetime from a third of the territory and half of the population - that's it. Nothing to complain about. Wow, gentlemen, wow....
http://zhurnal.lib.ru/k/kucher_p_a/

Well, to the heap military oaths of some other countries.

The oath of a soldier of the Wehrmacht
I take this sacred oath before God that I will unquestioningly obey the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht, the leader of the German state and people, Adolf Hitler, and I will be ready as a brave soldier at any time to lay down my life for the oath I have taken ...

Oath of a soldier of the National People's Army of the GDR
I swear at all times to faithfully serve the German Democratic Republic, my Fatherland and protect it, by order of the government of workers and peasants, from any enemy.

I swear, as a soldier of the National People's Army, to always be ready on the side of the Soviet army and the armies of the socialist countries allied with us to defend socialism from any enemies and give my life for the sake of achieving victory ...

Oath of a soldier of the Bundeswehr

I swear to faithfully serve the Federal Republic of Germany and bravely defend the rights and freedom of the German people. God help me!
...

Turkey

I hereby swear on my honor that in peace and war, on land, sea and sky, always and everywhere I will serve my nation and my republic with faith and love. I will obey the laws, the rules, and my commanders. I will cherish the honor of the army and the glory of the Turkish flag more than my own existence. If necessary, I am ready not to spare my life in the name of the country, the republic and duty ...

The text of the oath: "I, (name, surname, patronymic), solemnly swear to be faithful to my Fatherland - the Russian Federation. I solemnly swear to abide by the Constitution of the country, strictly comply with the requirements of general military regulations, orders of chiefs and commanders. I swear to faithfully fulfill my military duty, courageously to defend the independence, freedom and constitutional order in Russia, their Fatherland and people".
The text of this military oath was finally approved by the Federal Law adopted in early 1998. This oath is intended for every soldier who is called up for the first time to the state military service.

In a very solemn atmosphere - during the presence of all members of the military unit with a raised state. the flag of the Russian Federation, the banner of his military unit and to orchestral music, the prepared text of the military oath is read aloud to all those present. After that, the commander of the military unit hurries to congratulate each of the sworn soldiers, as well as his entire unit, on the arrival of new soldiers. Then the official national anthem of our country is turned on and a solemn march sounds at the very end of the ceremony. As a rule, this day is a day off for all members of the military unit. Taking the military oath is obligatory for each arriving conscript. It is impossible to refuse it.

Military oath in the army of the Russian Federation

The law provides for the imposition of certain responsibilities, rights and obligations after the oath is taken in the military unit.

However, members of the public chamber propose to correct the text of the military oath, replacing the word "I swear" in it with the softer word "I promise." Regarding this issue, a special petition has already been prepared in the State. Duma, the Ministry of Defense and the main Administration of the President of Russia. The motive for editing the text is based on religious beliefs, in which it is forbidden for believers to swear.

Military oath video

However, will the “promise” be a worthy substitute for the “oath”, while retaining all the seriousness of taking the state oath? It all depends on the moral character of each soldier. After all, people often get used to breaking their promises, or fulfill them without much zeal. Whereas the oath remains a more serious attitude. The question is moot, how everything will be decided is unknown. Only in the Bible there really are the words of Christ, where He teaches the people not to swear, but to fulfill their promises exactly. But to be consistent, then God does not approve of serving in the army with a weapon in his hands. One of the commandments clearly states "Thou shalt not kill."

The military oath of Russia implies the swearing of an oath, a promise by a citizen when he enters military service. Its adoption is one of the most important and solemn moments in the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Relationship with the Constitution

From a legal and moral point of view, the military oath of the Russian Federation is an important and integral part of military service. In various historical periods, it was called differently, the only thing that remained unchanged was its essence, which consists in the promise, even at the cost of one's life, to defend one's Motherland and Fatherland. The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the most important law of the country, stipulates that the duty and duty of every citizen of Russia is to defend the Motherland. Therefore, the requirements of this law are present in the military oath.

Oath in the times of Kievan Rus

It is believed that the military promise began to be given as early as the ninth century in Kievan Rus. The main army of that time were the princely squads. We can say that these squads were the basis for the formation of today's army, and at that time they were specialized military formations. Of course, when recruiting young soldiers, it was necessary to carry out a certain ceremony that would symbolize their joining the circle of defenders of the country. This ceremony was supposed to be solemn and revered, in connection with this, it had a special meaning.

In those distant times, a recruit was required to perform several actions that would confirm both his fitness for service and his love for the state and his native land. Young warriors had to show their strength and dexterity, as well as physical endurance in tests. If they passed these tests, then they were allowed to give a promise of allegiance to the military oath and to the prince. Then the promise was not yet called the word "oath", most likely it was an oath.

Oath-giving procedure in Kievan Rus

During the performance of this action, the soldiers kissed the cross, some historians argue that this custom passed from the Byzantine Empire. The ceremony was supposed to be attended by a representative of the church. It is no coincidence that the cross was chosen as an integral subject of the oath of that time, the church, after it was brought by a warrior, considered him a "high Christian ascetic." In addition, she promised such a young defender that not only eternal memory would await him, but also with a worthy fulfillment of his duty, the "kingdom of heaven."

The text of the oath, according to which it was given to the servants, was called the cross-kissing or under-crossing. From the moment the warrior uttered this text, the church guaranteed the fulfillment of his obligations.

There was also another type of oath - this is a manual entry. It consisted in the fact that his relatives or other soldiers provided guarantees for the recruit. These guarantees were made in writing. All of the above served as an incentive for the soldier to properly perform his military duties under pain of excommunication, and was also based on the moral responsibility of the recruit to his guarantors.

Peter's oath

Under Peter I, taking the military oath was an exciting and at the same time heartfelt ritual. By order of Peter, recruits, making such a promise, had to pronounce it in front of the entire military unit, the banner of the state had to fly at this solemn moment.

The young warrior, giving a sacred oath, put his left hand on the Gospel, while he raised his right hand up. On the right hand, two fingers were straightened, the rest were bent. After taking the oath, the gospel was kissed by the warrior.

The text of that oath contained the promises of a warrior to be honest, brave, loyal and obedient. At the end of the solemn event, the recruits signed the sworn list. This document contained individual oaths.

Changes in the Petrine oath

The sacred oath of loyalty and devotion to the Motherland, approved by Peter I, existed in Russia for more than two hundred years and was rewritten only after the October Revolution. Prior to this, the Petrine oath was changed several times. More precisely, its text was transformed taking into account temporary changes in the Russian language, however, all the provisions established by the sovereign remained in it. The recruit swore, reading the military oath, that he would serve the sovereign emperor, carry out his service with faith and truth. He also pledged to protect the homeland and the heir to the emperor.

After the events of October 1917, the oath was taken differently everywhere. The soldiers of the Red Army could come up with the text of the oath themselves, or their commanders did it. The Navy also had a different text. Thus, in connection with the coup, the Red Army did not want to use the text of the oath of the system it hated, and it did not yet have its only text. But in 1918, such a text was approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, since then all parts of the Red Army, including the fleet, had to use it. The name of this oath was also given - "Formula of a solemn promise."

The Soviet government approved the text of the oath on April 25, 1918. The leader of the proletariat, Vladimir Lenin, gave the order to print its text in the military card of the Red Army. It was with this oath that the soldiers of the Red Army fought in the Civil War, but only after its end was the ceremony of taking the oath directly approved. In March 1922, the Soviet government issued an order that all soldiers and sailors, as well as commanders, must undergo this ceremony.

At that time, the first day of May was determined as the day of the Red Oath. The order of the government indicated how this event should be carried out. Mandatory conditions were the presence of weapons, a solemn parade, military formation. The text of the oath was then read out by a representative of the executive power, before which he explained to the soldiers its meaning, essence and necessity. While reading the text of the oath, all Red Army soldiers repeated the oath after the representative of the authorities word by word. Only the next day, the unit commander collected signatures from young fighters under the text of the promise to defend the Fatherland. After these documents were sent to the headquarters.

"Motherland is calling!"

Everyone remembers and knows the poster from the times of the Soviet Union, which depicts a woman in the image of the Motherland. This poster was drawn by the Soviet artist I. Toidze. The woman on it in one hand holds a sheet on which the text of the oath is written, while the other hand seems to call on every person to stand up for the Fatherland. This poster was created in 1941, it was then that the Motherland was in dire need of defenders, and this is the reason for the decisive and stern expression on the face of this woman.

The first change to which the military oath of the USSR was subjected took place in 1923. This was due to the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The corresponding name of the country was included in the text of the oath, where before that the country was called Russia and the Soviet Republic.

After 16 years, the text was slightly corrected, the ritual of the military oath itself was changed. Since that time, military personnel began to take a solemn oath individually, and not all together. They signed the sworn right away, not the next day.

The next change in the Soviet oath took place in 1947. Then the Regulation was adopted, which regulated the procedure for its adoption. The day of the oath was established as a holiday. This provision also established the texts of the promises of civilian employees working in the Armed Forces.

In 1960, the last Soviet change of the oath was carried out. At the same time, no special changes were made to the text, only the obligation to comply with the Constitution and other laws of the USSR was added. The text approved that year lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union, that is, longer than the others established by the Soviet authorities.

The oath is now

Today's ritual of taking the military oath, those actions when the military oath of the Russian Federation is taken, look like this. At a certain time, a military formation organizes a formation, while all the soldiers dress in full dress uniforms. The flag of the Russian Federation and the battle banner are taken out. There is an orchestra. The servicemen taking the oath have weapons in their hands, they line up in the front ranks. The commander of the military formation addresses the recruits with a speech, explains to them the meaning of this ritual, all the responsibility that will fall on them after that, and also talks about the honor awarded to the soldiers. Throughout the speech of the commander, the soldiers must stand at attention, and after it is over, they are given the command “At ease”.

Then the commanders of the respective units of the military unit begin the solemn event. To do this, according to the list they are called military personnel. The latter in turn fail, approach the commander who called them, and read out the text of the oath. Then the recruit signs the appropriate act, returns to duty.

At the end of the ceremony, the military band plays the anthem of Russia, and then the commander of the military unit congratulates all the young soldiers on this event. All units make a solemn march to the music of the orchestra.

Some Features of the Ceremony

The solemn ritual of taking the military oath can be carried out not only at the location of the military unit, but also outside it. So, it can be organized in various places associated with some great event in the history of the country, at the graves of heroes who gave their lives for the Motherland.

The day of this ceremony in the military unit is a holiday, non-working. Later, a record will appear in the soldier's military document that a military oath was taken, indicating the date of this event.

Why is an oath of allegiance necessary?

Before taking the oath, the young warrior is somewhat limited in his rights. Thus, he cannot be given weapons or military equipment. If a state of emergency has come, then such a warrior cannot be involved in the performance of any combat mission. The same limitation arises in armed conflicts. Also, a recruit who has not taken an oath cannot be placed under arrest as a disciplinary punishment.

The oath gives the soldiers inspiration in the defense of their homeland, adds strength to perform military feats. Of course, the fulfillment of this sacred oath for every soldier is a matter of honor, he fulfills this oath in accordance with the requirements of not only the military regulations, the laws of the country, but also conscience. And this has been repeatedly proven by the heroic facts of the Great Patriotic War, the Civil War and other armed conflicts. A sacred duty and a noble deed - this is how the military can call the fulfillment of this promise. The most terrible and shameful for a soldier, officer and any other person who has taken the military oath is its violation, the violation of their promises and obligations to the Fatherland.

From the legislative side, breaking this oath is a crime and is severely punished by the state. It has always been so, and so it is now.

An additional advantage of taking the oath is the subsequent formation of a young warrior as a patriot. It develops in him not only love for the Motherland, dedication, conscientiousness, but also the moral qualities of a defender.

Now the text of the military oath sounds concise, short, but at the same time capacious. It was approved by the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service".

The oath in the army is an exciting, but very pleasant military ritual. This is a real military show, which is played by newly minted soldiers in front of relatives and friends. Why show? Let's figure it out together.

Myth #1. The oath in the army is taken on the parade ground in a solemn atmosphere

Frankly, I thought exactly that until I took it myself. The whole catch is that all the spectators and the guests who have arrived, the relatives and friends of the soldier, to some extent, are throwing dust in the eyes.

The very process of taking a military oath in the army is nothing more than the usual affixing of one's own signature with a black pen in a certain form opposite one's full name. You didn't expect it, did you?

Of course, the same thing happens on the parade ground. Only for you, for the audience. What is on the parade ground is for the soldier and his relatives, who came to distant lands just to look at it and hug their relatives. And it's definitely worth it.

So when does a fighter actually go through the ritual of taking a military oath? Often the night before. The whole company of soldiers is lined up and ordered to sign the original form with the data, which, as a result, will go to its destination.

Exactly the same form will be pasted into a red folder with the inscription "Military oath", which tomorrow each of the newly minted spirits will hold in their hands. This procedure is done in order to make life easier for the soldiers.

After all, tomorrow, on the parade ground, his family and his girlfriend will look at him, and besides, he has not yet learned how to normally raise his leg to move with a marching step. In general, he will be insanely nervous without it. He should not even think about where and how to put his signature in this folder.

In my opinion, everything is correct. It's more convenient and efficient, believe me. Well, no one canceled the show anyway! Tomorrow will be a real holiday for any soldier that he will remember in one way or another for the rest of his life. After all, the oath in the army is taken once in a lifetime, after which a mark is made in the military ID and service record of the serviceman: “The military oath was taken (day, month, year).”

By the way, here is some more interesting information for you about why the Military Oath in the army is very important and necessary.

Before taking the Military Oath:

A serviceman cannot be involved in the performance of combat missions, as well as tasks during the introduction of a state of emergency and in conditions of armed conflicts;

Weapons and military equipment cannot be assigned to a serviceman;

A disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest may not be imposed on a serviceman.

I will immediately answer your possible question about the second point about weapons. A fixed weapon is a weapon whose data is entered in a special column of a military ID of a soldier. Therefore, the soldiers stand on the oath not with their fixed weapons, but with no man's (so far). But already after the oath, company commanders draw up all the necessary documents and assign certain weapons to each soldier of their company.

Myth #2. The soldier takes the oath one month after the start of the service

This is the real myth! How many times have I heard that the oath can be taken exactly after 30 days of service. Is it true?

Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ "On military duty and military service"

Myth #3. A soldier can refuse to take an oath in the army

This, of course, is complete nonsense. Do you know how many young guys are in each call who want to find a kind of “loophole in the Charter” and poke their commander’s face into it? “Thousands, it seems to me. I have personally dealt with these before. But the Charter is always right. It is he who refutes this common misconception that you are allegedly offered to take the oath.

Even if this process were an order, the Charter says in black and white that the serviceman is obliged to fulfill the commander's order first, and only then has the right to discuss it.
The main argument that dispels our second myth lies in the true name of the ritual: "the ritual of taking the Military Oath." The soldier does not take the oath, he is not persuaded to do so. It's like they lead him to it. Roughly speaking, put before the fact.

After all, the process of taking the Military Oath is more for you, for the soldier himself. After all, you yourself pronounce the cherished words. You yourself say it out loud in front of your comrades, commanders, relatives and friends. Speaking of cherished words…

The text of the oath in the army

“I, (last name, first name, patronymic), solemnly swear allegiance to my Fatherland - the Russian Federation. I swear to sacredly observe the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to strictly comply with the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders and superiors. I swear to fulfill my military duty with dignity, to courageously defend the freedom, independence and constitutional order of Russia, the people and the Fatherland.

P.S. It is interesting that despite the inevitability of bringing a soldier to the Military Oath, on the eve of this festive day for the entire military unit, each soldier is asked if there are those among them who, for their religious or other reasons, do not want to hold weapons in their hands.

Honestly, I don’t know what will happen to those who express a desire to stand the whole ritual without a machine gun in their hands, but I think this is right. It is necessary to respect the faith and principles of each person, even if he has not really become a soldier yet. That is why we are called people.

Be human and keep your words true

How many days is the oath taken after being drafted into the army

Almost every country on our planet maintains its own army, but military service has remained only in a limited number of states. For example, in 2017 Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan will continue to recruit young people, and since 2014 Ukraine has resumed this procedure. After arriving at the unit for military service, conscripts are required to take an oath. Unfortunately, few people know how this procedure occurs and when exactly it occurs. The same information will be useful for relatives who want to see this action with their own eyes. Today we’ll talk about how many days the oath is taken after the call and how this procedure takes place.

Some Features

Surely every recruit knows that one day he will have to stand before the formation and the eyes of his relatives and read out the text from the red folder. Many are convinced that the oath is a purely symbolic event necessary to "raise morale and realize one's own responsibility to the Motherland." Not really. The Charter clearly spelled out the provisions that limit soldiers to the oath. For example:

A serviceman cannot be admitted to a combat post and involved in a combat mission in a zone of emergency or military conflict.
Securing personal weapons before taking the oath is strictly prohibited. Similarly, any military equipment cannot be assigned to a fighter.
A soldier cannot be arrested.

But all this becomes possible after taking the oath. You should also add the second paragraph. Surely everyone saw that the soldiers were standing on the parade ground with weapons. Then a reasonable question arises: how is this possible? The answer is simple. Roughly speaking, the servicemen hold in their hands no one's machine guns.

They will bear responsibility for the weapons a little later, when all legal formalities are met.

The process of taking the oath itself consists only in signing a form, which indicates:

That, in fact, is all. As a rule, this is done even before the official part. Nervous soldiers can accidentally ruin the form, sign it in the wrong place, smear it with ink ... Therefore, signing, as a rule, takes place in advance. On the parade ground, the fighters read out the text and enter the necessary information into another form, which, most likely, will remain in the unit.

It is impossible to refuse an oath. You can find a huge number of inaccuracies and "gaps" in the legislation and the Charter, but absolutely all military personnel will have to go through this procedure, without any exception.

When an oath is taken

For some reason, there is a myth among civilians that the oath is taken 30 days after the call. Actually this is not true. There are no exact dates, there is only one provision provided for by the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ, which can be called more or less decisive.

According to the norms of this document, a soldier must take the oath after arriving in his first unit, where he will serve. Prior to that, he is sent to the training unit, where he undergoes initial training, the so-called young fighter course. And just after this preparation, the oath is taken. The above Federal Law establishes the maximum limit of stay in the educational unit - 2 months. There are no legal restrictions in this regard. Thus, the soldiers will take the oath no earlier than the end of the “young soldier course”, and when exactly this will be, the command of the military unit where the military personnel will be assigned will decide.

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When do they take the oath in the army after being drafted? How is the oath taking by the soldiers of the Russian army

What is an oath?

Oath text

History of the Russian oath

They also differed in the content of the oath of various eras of Russian history:

Imperial Army. The servicemen swore on the Gospel before God, the Fatherland and His Imperial Majesty. In conclusion, they kissed the Crucifix. The text was not small, but its essence was in one thing - the soldiers swore allegiance to the emperor. If the "Mohammedans" took an oath, then they held their right hand on the Koran and repeated the words of the oath behind the spiritual person. Rituals were defined for followers of Judaism, Catholic, Lutheran faith.

provisional government. Soldiers and officers swore allegiance to the new government and the Russian state. They confirmed their words with the banner of the cross.
Red Army. The soldiers swore allegiance to the Workers 'and Peasants' Government, pledged to protect the people's property, study military affairs, and be devoted to the Motherland to the last drop of blood. Violation of the oath was punishable by law, "the contempt and hatred of the working people."
the USSR. The oath of a soldier of the Soviet army in many respects repeated the previous one, but was more common. The serviceman was obliged to keep military and state secrets, to bravely endure all difficulties, to be ready to fight only until victory or death.

What is the importance of an oath?

It is impossible to assign a unit of weapons, military equipment to it.
A fighter cannot take up duty, take part in the settlement of a military conflict, or eliminate the consequences of an emergency.
The recruit is not authorized to arrest the military police, to judge the tribunal.

Hence an interesting fact: the machine guns that recruits hold in their hands while taking the oath are "no one's", not officially assigned to them.

How is the oath taken in the army?

The ritual of taking the oath in all parts is one and solemn:

On the appointed day and hour, the military personnel line up on the parade ground on foot. Dress uniform, weapon in hand. Those who have to pronounce the text of the oath are in the first ranks.
The state flag of the Russian Federation, the battle flag is brought to the site. There is a military band.
The event begins with a brief speech by the commander of the military unit: he recalls the importance and exclusivity of the event.
How is the oath in the army? The soldier is called out of action, after which he reads the words of the military oath. Then he signs in a special list next to his last name and returns to duty.
After all the soldiers swore allegiance to the Fatherland, the commander congratulates them on this significant event. Sometimes veterans, officials, parents of recruits who came to the ceremony join his words.
In conclusion, the orchestra plays the anthem of the Russian Federation. To the music, the military unit marches along the parade ground in a solemn march.

The tradition of taking the oath near the monuments of military glory, places of heroic battles is also alive.

Formal ceremony?

When do they take the oath in the army after being drafted?

No one can say the exact time of the oath in the army for a specific draft, because the guys enter different units at different times. But there is a landmark - no more than 60 days after the call.

Renunciation of the oath

How to read the oath test correctly?

For a specific fighter, the procedure would look like this:

After the commander calls him by his last name, the soldier leaves the line.
His path lies to a table with a red folder - the text of the oath is written in it.
When standing at attention, looking straight ahead, the fighter clearly pronounces an oath. If something is forgotten, he has a chance to peep into the folder.
After that, a signature is put on the document (if this has not been done earlier), the soldier says loudly: "I serve the Russian Federation!".
Then, with a marching step, you need to go to the end of the line. And after the ceremony - to accept congratulations on taking the oath in the army from friends and relatives.

It is important to know!

We bring to your attention a few more points that will be useful to the young fighter:

We have already answered when they take the oath in the army after being drafted - not earlier than 2 months later. Therefore, do not believe the rumors that the ceremony will take place exactly one month after the call. This contradicts the Federal Law "On military service and military duties."
Once again, we note the impossibility of refusing the oath. There is a rule in the army: the order of the commander is first carried out, and only then discussed. The ceremony itself is officially called the "Sworn Ritual". It follows from this that the soldier is not asked about his desire, but is led to fulfillment.
After the celebration - free time, which a real soldier can spend time with his loved ones who came to the solemn event. Usually dismissal is granted for the next two days.
Who can you invite to take the oath? In some parts, everything is very strict - only the parents of the recruit, as well as the persons accompanying them. That is, your beloved girl, friends should unite with your relatives in order to see you at the taking of the oath. By the way, guests are required to have a passport with them.
Remember one more sad nuance - if your parents were not at the ceremony, then 2 days of dismissal are not waiting for you. Weekends you will have to spend in part.
Foreigners who are called up under a contract to serve in the Russian Armed Forces do not take an oath to our country. The only thing is that they sign an obligation to abide by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and follow the orders of their commanders.

Legal aspect

In conclusion, we will introduce you to the legal aspect of the issue under consideration - about taking the oath. It is governed by the following laws:

Art. 40 FZ "On military service". Contains the text of the oath.
Art. 41 of the Federal Law "On military service". Prescribes that the oath is taken only after the recruit has completed the "Young Fighter Course". Just like conscripts, cadets of military professional educational institutions (in the 1st and 2nd year of study), students of military departments of civilian universities, officers sent for training for the first time (military training) take the oath.
Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On the status of a serviceman". A conscript is considered a soldier with all his rights and obligations not from the day of the solemn oath, but already upon arrival at the military unit (on the ship) from the assembly point. At this point, he is no longer a subject of civil, but of military legislation and is responsible for the commission of military offenses.
Art. 41 of the Federal Law "On Military Service", in addition to the previous paragraph, gives the soldier a number of duties after taking the oath: securing military weapons, participating in hostilities, guarding, and so on.