Famous poets Sergei Yesenin biography. Sergey Yesenin - biography, information, personal life

Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	The village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan district, Ryazan province, Russian Empire
Date of death:
A place of death:	Leningrad, USSR
Citizenship:
Occupation:
Years of creativity:
Direction:	New Peasant Poets (1914-1918), Imagism (1918-1923)
Language of works:

Professional life

Yesenin symbolism

Personal life

Streets, boulevards

Monuments

Lifetime

Basic

Film incarnations

(September 21 (October 3) 1895, village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province - December 28, 1925, Leningrad) - Russian poet, representative of new peasant poetry and (in a later period of creativity) imagism.

Biography

Born in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, into a peasant family, father - Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931), mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1875-1955). In 1904, Yesenin went to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, then began studying at a closed church-teachers school.

Upon graduation, in the fall of 1912, Yesenin arrived in Moscow, worked in a bookstore, and then in the printing house of I. D. Sytin.

In 1913, he entered the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky as a volunteer student. He worked in a printing house and had contacts with poets of the Surikov literary and musical circle.

Professional life

In 1914, Yesenin's poems were first published in the children's magazine Mirok.

In 1915, Yesenin came from Moscow to Petrograd, read his poems to A. A. Blok, S. M. Gorodetsky and other poets. In January 1916, Yesenin was called up for military service and assigned to the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital as an orderly. At this time, he became close to the group of “new peasant poets” and published the first collections (“Radunitsa” - 1916), which made him very famous. Together with Nikolai Klyuyev, he often performed in stylized “folk” clothing, including in front of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters in Tsarskoe Selo.

In 1915-1917, Yesenin maintained friendly relations with the poet Leonid Kannegiser, who later killed the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky.

In 1917, he met and on July 4 of the same year married Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, a Russian actress, the future wife of the outstanding director V. E. Meyerhold. At the end of 1919 (or in 1920), Yesenin left his family, and Zinaida Reich, who was pregnant with her son (Konstantin), was left with her one-and-a-half-year-old daughter, Tatyana. On February 19, 1921, the poet filed for divorce, in which he undertook to provide for them financially (the divorce was officially filed in October 1921). Subsequently, Sergei Yesenin repeatedly visited his children adopted by Meyerhold.

Yesenin's acquaintance with Anatoly Mariengof and his active participation in the Moscow group of imagists dates back to 1918 - early 1920s.

During the period of Yesenin’s passion for imagism, several collections of the poet’s poems were published - “Treryadnitsa”, “Confession of a Hooligan” (both 1921), “Poems of a Brawler” (1923), “Moscow Tavern” (1924), the poem “Pugachev”.

In 1921, the poet traveled to Central Asia, visited the Urals and Orenburg region. From May 13 to June 3, he stayed in Tashkent with his friend and poet Alexander Shiryaevets. Despite the informal nature of the visit, Yesenin spoke to the public several times, read poems at poetry evenings and in the houses of his Tashkent friends. According to eyewitnesses, Yesenin loved to visit the old city, teahouses of the old city and Urda, listen to Uzbek poetry, music and songs, and visit the picturesque surroundings of Tashkent with his friends. He also made a short trip to Samarkand.

In the fall of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married six months later. After the wedding, Yesenin and Duncan traveled to Europe (Germany, France, Belgium, Italy) and to the USA (4 months), where he stayed from May 1922 to August 1923. The Izvestia newspaper published Yesenin’s notes about America “Iron Mirgorod”. The marriage to Duncan ended shortly after their return from abroad.

In one of his last poems, “The Country of Scoundrels,” the poet writes very harshly about the leaders of contemporary Russia, which could be perceived by some as an indictment of Soviet power. This attracted increased attention to him from law enforcement agencies, including police officers and the OGPU. Sharply critical articles about him began to appear in newspapers, accusing him of drunkenness, fights and other antisocial behavior, although the poet, with his behavior (especially in the second quarter of the 1920s), sometimes himself gave grounds for this kind of criticism from his ill-wishers. The board of the USSR Writers' Union tried to take part in the poet's treatment, repeatedly forcing him to undergo treatment in psychiatric clinics and resorts, but apparently this did not produce results. In the early 1920s, Yesenin was actively involved in book publishing, as well as selling books in a bookstore he rented on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, which occupied almost all of the poet’s time. In the last years of his life, Yesenin traveled a lot around the country. He visited the Caucasus three times, went to Leningrad several times, and Konstantinovo seven times.

In 1924-1925, Yesenin visited Azerbaijan, published a collection of poems in the Krasny Vostok printing house, and was published in a local publishing house. There is a version that here, in May 1925, the poetic “Message to the “Evangelist” Demyan” was written. Lived in the village of Mardakan (a suburb of Baku). Currently, his house-museum and memorial plaque are located here.

In 1924, Sergei Yesenin decided to break with imagism due to disagreements with A. B. Mariengof. Yesenin and Ivan Gruzinov published an open letter about the dissolution of the group.

At the end of November 1925, Sofya Tolstaya agreed with the director of the paid psychoneurological clinic of Moscow University, Professor P. B. Gannushkin, about the poet’s hospitalization in his clinic. Only a few people close to the poet knew about this. On December 23, 1925, Yesenin left the clinic and went to Leningrad, where he stayed at No. 5 of the Angleterre Hotel.

Yesenin symbolism

From Yesenin's letters of 1911-1913, the complex life of the aspiring poet and his spiritual maturation emerge. All this was reflected in the poetic world of his lyrics of 1910-1913, when he wrote over 60 poems and poems. Here his love for all living things, for life, for his homeland is expressed. The surrounding nature especially sets the poet in this mood (“The scarlet light of dawn is woven on the lake...”, “Smoke-filled flood...”, “Birch,” “Spring Evening,” “Night,” “Sunrise,” “Winter Sings and Calls...” , “Stars”, “It’s dark at night, I can’t sleep...”, etc.).

From the very first verses, Yesenin’s poetry includes themes of homeland and revolution. Since January 1914, Yesenin’s poems have appeared in print (“Birch”, “Blacksmith”, etc.). “In December, he quits work and devotes himself entirely to poetry, writing all day long,” recalls Izryadnova. The poetic world becomes more complex, multidimensional, and biblical images and Christian motifs begin to occupy a significant place in it. In 1913, in a letter to Panfilov, he writes: “Grisha, I am currently reading the Gospel and am finding a lot that is new to me.” Later, the poet noted: “Religious doubts visited me early. As a child, I had very sharp transitions: sometimes a period of prayer, sometimes of extraordinary mischief, right up to blasphemy. And then there were such streaks in my work.”

In March 1915, Yesenin came to Petrograd, met with Blok, who highly appreciated the “fresh, pure, vociferous,” albeit “verbose” poems of the “talented peasant nugget poet,” helped him, introduced him to writers and publishers. In a letter to Nikolai Klyuev, Yesenin said: “My poetry in St. Petersburg was successful. Out of 60, 51 were accepted.” In the same year, Yesenin joined the group of “peasant” poets “Krasa”.

Yesenin becomes famous, he is invited to poetry evenings and literary salons. M. Gorky wrote to R. Rolland: “The city greeted him with the same admiration as a glutton greets strawberries in January. His poems began to be praised, excessively and insincerely, as hypocrites and envious people can praise.”

At the beginning of 1916, Yesenin’s first book, “Radunitsa,” was published. In the title, the content of most of the poems (1910-1915) and in their selection, Yesenin’s dependence on the moods and tastes of the public is visible.

Yesenin’s work of 1914-1917 appears complex and contradictory (“Mikola”, “Egory”, “Rus”, “Martha Posadnitsa”, “Us”, “Baby Jesus”, “Dove” and other poems). These works present his poetic concept of the world and man. The basis of the Yesenin universe is the hut with all its attributes. In the book “The Keys of Mary” (1918), the poet wrote: “The hut of a commoner is a symbol of concepts and attitudes towards the world, developed even before him by his fathers and ancestors, who subjugated the intangible and distant world by comparing them to the things of their meek hearths.” The huts, surrounded by courtyards, fenced with fences and “connected” to each other by a road, form a village. And the village, limited by the outskirts, is Yesenin’s Rus', which is cut off from the big world by forests and swamps, “lost... in Mordva and Chud.” And further:

Yesenin later said: “I would ask readers to treat all my Jesuses, Mothers of God and Mykolas as fabulous in poetry.” The hero of the lyrics prays to the “smoking earth”, “On the bright dawns”, “on the haystacks and haystacks”, he worships his homeland: “My lyrics,” Yesenin later said, “are alive with one great love, love for the homeland. The feeling of homeland is the main thing in my work.”

In the pre-revolutionary poetic world of Yesenin, Rus' has many faces: “thoughtful and tender,” humble and violent, poor and cheerful, celebrating “victorious holidays.” In the poem “You Didn’t Believe in My God...” (1916), the poet calls Rus', the “sleepy princess” located “on the foggy shore,” to the “cheerful faith” to which he himself is now committed. In the poem “Clouds from the Fall…” (1916), the poet seems to predict a revolution - the “transformation” of Russia through “torment and the cross”, and a civil war.

Both on earth and in heaven, Yesenin contrasts only the good and the evil, the “clean” and the “impure.” Along with God and his servants, heavenly and earthly, in Yesenin in 1914-1918 possible “evil spirits” were active: forest, water and domestic. Evil fate, as the poet thought, also touched his homeland and left its mark on its image:

But even in these pre-revolutionary years, the poet believed that the vicious circle would be broken. He believed because he considered everyone “close relatives”: this means that the time must come when all people will become “brothers”.

The poet's desire for universal harmony, for the unity of all things on earth is the most important principle of Yesenin's artistic composition. Hence one of the basic laws of his world is universal metaphorism. People, animals, plants, elements and objects - all of them, according to Yesenin, are children of a single matter-nature. His pre-revolutionary work was marked by the search for his own concept of the world and man, which the revolution helped the poet to finally formulate. In his poetry we see both humanized nature and “naturalized” man, who is characterized by “vegetative”, “animal” and “cosmic” features.

Personal life

In 1913, Sergei Yesenin met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who worked as a proofreader in the printing house of the I. D. Sytin Partnership, where Yesenin went to work. In 1914 they entered into a civil marriage. On December 21, 1914, Anna Izryadnova gave birth to a son named Yuri (shot in 1937).

In 1917-1921, Yesenin was married to actress Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, later the wife of Vsevolod Meyerhold. Sergei Yesenin organized his “bachelor party” before the wedding in Vologda, in a wooden house on Malaya Dukhovskaya Street (now Pushkinskaya Street, 50). The wedding of Sergei Yesenin and Zinaida Reich took place on July 30, 1917 in the Church of Kirik and Iulitta in the village of Tolstikovo, Vologda district. The groom's guarantors were Pavel Pavlovich Khitrov, a peasant from the village of Ivanovskaya, Spasskaya volost, and Sergei Mikhailovich Baraev, a peasant from the village of Ustya, Ustyanskaya volost, and the bride's guarantors were Alexey Alekseevich Ganin and Dmitry Dmitrievich Devyatkov, a merchant's son from the city of Vologda. And the wedding took place in the building of the Passage Hotel. From this marriage were born a daughter, Tatyana, and a son, Konstantin, who later became a football journalist.

In the fall of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married on May 2, 1922. Immediately after the wedding, Yesenin accompanied Duncan on tours in Europe and the USA. Their marriage was short and in 1923 Yesenin returned to Moscow.

On May 12, 1924, Yesenin had a son, Alexander, from translator Nadezhda Volpin, who later became a famous mathematician and figure in the dissident movement.

In the fall of 1925, Yesenin married for the third (and last) time - to Sofya Andreevna Tolstoy, the granddaughter of L.N. Tolstoy.

Death

The Soviet government was worried about Yesenin's condition. Thus, in a letter from Kh. G. Rakovsky to F. E. Dzerzhinsky dated October 25, 1925, Rakovsky asks “to save the life of the famous poet Yesenin - undoubtedly the most talented in our Union,” suggesting: “Invite him to your place, sort him out well and send him together with him to the sanatorium of a comrade from the GPU, who would not let him get drunk...” On the letter is Dzerzhinsky’s resolution addressed to his close comrade, secretary, manager of the affairs of the GPU V.D. Gerson: “M. b., could you study?” Next to it is Gerson’s note: “I called repeatedly but could not find Yesenin.”

On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found hanging from a steam heating pipe in the Leningrad Angleterre Hotel. His last poem - “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...” - was written in this hotel in blood, and according to the testimony of the poet’s friends, Yesenin complained that there was no ink in the room, and he was forced to write in blood.

According to the version accepted by most of the poet’s biographers, Yesenin, in a state of depression (a month after treatment in a psychoneurological hospital), committed suicide (hanged himself). Neither contemporaries of the event, nor in the next few decades after the poet’s death, other versions of the event were expressed. In the 1970-1980s, mainly in nationalist circles, versions also arose about the murder of the poet followed by the staging of his suicide: motivated by jealousy, selfish motives, murder by OGPU officers.

In 1989, under the auspices of the Gorky IMLI, the Yesenin Commission was created under the chairmanship of Yu. L. Prokushev; at her request, a series of examinations were carried out, which led to the following conclusion: “... the now published “versions” of the murder of the poet with the subsequent staging of hanging, despite some discrepancies... are a vulgar, incompetent interpretation of special information, sometimes falsifying the results of the examination” (from the official response Professor in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences B. S. Svadkovsky at the request of the chairman of the commission Yu. L. Prokushev).

Poetry

From his first collections of poetry (“Radunitsa”, 1916; “Rural Book of Hours”, 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of deeply psychologized landscape, a singer of peasant Rus', an expert on the folk language and the folk soul. In 1919-1923 he was a member of the Imagist group. A tragic attitude and mental confusion are expressed in the cycles “Mare’s Ships” (1920), “Moscow Tavern” (1924), and the poem “The Black Man” (1925). In the poem “The Ballad of the Twenty-Six” (1924), dedicated to the Baku commissars, the collection “Soviet Rus'” (1925), and the poem “Anna Snegina” (1925), Yesenin sought to comprehend the “commune uplifted Rus',” although he continued to feel like a poet of “Leaving Rus'” ", "golden log hut". Dramatic poem “Pugachev” (1921).

List of songs based on poems by Sergei Yesenin

Many songs have been written based on Yesenin’s poems:

In 2005, a collection of songs “In this world I am only a passerby...” based on the verses of Sergei Yesenin, performed by Honored Artist of Russia Anatoly Tukish, was published.

Memory

• Yesenin Park in the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg on the territory of the Vesyoly settlement next to the Ulitsa Dybenko metro station.
• Yesenin Museum in Spas-Klepiki
• Ryazan State University named after. S. A. Yesenina

• Socionic type (IEI)

Streets, boulevards

• Yesenina Street in the Vyborg district of St. Petersburg.
• Yesenina Street in Novomoskovsk
• Yesenina street in Novosibirsk
• Yesenina street in Bryansk
• Yesenin street in Ryazan
• Yesenina Street in Naberezhnye Chelny
• Yesenina Street in Kharkov
• Yesenin Street in Nikolaev (Korabelny district)
• Yesenin Boulevard in Yekaterinburg
• Yesenin Boulevard in Lipetsk
• Yeseninsky Boulevard in Moscow, SEAD, Kuzminki
• Yeseninskaya street in Kursk
• Yesenina Street in Minsk
• Yesenin street in Syzran
• Yesenina Street in Krivoy Rog
• Yesenina Street in Nizhny Novgorod
• Yesenina Street in Stavropol
• Yesenina Street in Belgorod
• Yesenina Street in Saransk
• Yesenina street in Perm
• Yesenina Street in Rossoshi
• Yesenina Street in Prokopyevsk
• Yesenina Street in Krasnodar
• Yesenin street in Baku
• Yesenina Street in Tyumen
• Yesenin street in Tashkent
• Yesenina Street in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
• Yesenina Street in Podgorodenka, a suburb of Vladivostok

Monuments

• Monument in Voronezh
• Monument on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow
• Bas-relief in Moscow
• Monument on Yeseninsky Boulevard in Moscow
• Monument in Ryazan
• Monument on Yesenin Street in St. Petersburg
• Monument in the Tauride Garden in St. Petersburg
• Monument in Krasnodar
• Monument in Irkutsk
• Monument in the village of Konstantinovo
• Monument in Tashkent
• Bust in Ivanovo
• Bust in Spas-Klepiki

Editions

Lifetime

• Yesenin S. A. Radunitsa. - Petrograd: Publication by M. V. Averyanov, 1916. - 62 p.

• Yesenin S. A. Baby Jesus. - M.: Today, 1918. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Goluben. - M.: Revolutionary socialism, 1918. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Radunitsa. - 2nd ed. - M.: Moscow Labor Artel of Word Artists, 1918. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Rural Book of Hours. - M.: Moscow Labor Artel of Word Artists, 1918. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Transfiguration. - M.: Moscow Labor Artel of Word Artists, 1918. - ??? With.

• Yesenin S. A. Goluben. - 2nd ed. - M.: Moscow labor artel of word artists, 1920. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Keys of Mary. - M.: Moscow labor artel of word artists, 1920. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Treryadnitsa (publisher, year and place of publication not indicated)
• Yesenin S. A. Triptych. Poems. - Berlin: Scythians, 1920. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Russia and Inonia. - Berlin: Scythians, 1920. - ??? With.

• Yesenin S.A. Confession of a hooligan. - 1921. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Transfiguration. - 2nd ed. - M.: Imagists, 1921. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Treyadnitsa. - 2nd ed. - M.: Imagists, 1921. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Radunitsa. - 3rd ed. - M.: Imagists, 1921. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Pugachev. - M.: Imagists, 1922. - ??? With. (the year of publication is indicated incorrectly)

• Yesenin S. A. Pugachev. - 2nd ed. - Petrograd: Elsevier, 1922. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Pugachev. - 3rd ed. - Berlin: Russian Universal Publishing House, 1922. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Favorites. - M.: Gosizdat, 1922. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Collection of poems and poems. - T. 1. - Berlin: Z. I. Grzhebin Publishing House, 1922. - ??? With. (The second volume was never published.)
• Esenin S. Confssion d’un voyou. - Paris, 1922. - ??? (translations into French by Franz Ellens and Maria Miloslavskaya)

• Yesenin S. A. Poems of a brawler. - Berlin: I. T. Blagov Publishing House, 1923. - ??? With.

• Yesenin S. A. Moscow tavern. - L., 1924. - ??? With. (publisher not indicated)
• Yesenin S. A. Poems (1920-24). - M.: Circle, 1924. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Soviet Rus'. - Baku: Baku worker, 1924. - ??? With.

• Yesenin S. A. Soviet country. - Tiflis: Soviet Caucasus, 1925. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S.A. Song of the Great March. - M.: Gosizdat, 1925. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S.A. About Russia and the revolution. - M.: Modern Russia, 1925. - S.
• Yesenin S. A. Birch chintz. - M.: Gosizdat, 1925. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Selected poems. - M.: Ogonyok, 1925. - ??? With. (Ogonyok Library No. 40)
• Yesenin S. A. Persian motifs. - M.: Modern Russia, 1925. - ??? With.

Basic

• Yesenin S. A. Collected poems in 3 volumes. - M.: Gosizdat, 1926.
• Yesenin S. A. Poems and prose / Compiled by I. V. Evdokimov, 1927. - ??? With.
• Yesenin S. A. Poems. - L.: Sov. writer, 1953. - 392 p. (Poet's Library. Small series. Third edition.)
• Yesenin S. A. Poems and poems. - L.: Sov. writer, 1956. - 438 p. (The Poet's Library. Large series. Second edition.)
• Yesenin S. A. Collected works in 5 volumes. - M.: GIHL, 1960-1962.
• Yesenin S. A. Collected works in 5 volumes. - 2nd ed. - M.: GIHL, 1966-1968.
• Yesenin S. A. Collected works in 6 volumes. - M.: Artist. lit., 1978.
• Yesenin S. A. Poems and poems / Comp. and preparation text by I. S. Eventov and I. V. Aleksakhina, note. I. V. Aleksakhina. - L.: Sov. writer, 1986. - 464 p. (The Poet's Library. Large series. Third edition.)
• Yesenin S. A. Complete works. In 7 volumes / Chief editor Yu. L. Prokushev. - M.: Science, Voice, 1995-2000. (Russian Academy of Sciences. A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature) (T. 1.: Poems; T. 2.: Poems (“little poems”); T. 3.: Poems; T. 4.: Poems , not included in the “Collected Poems”; T. 5.: Prose; T. 6.: Letters; T. 7.: Autobiographies, dedicatory inscriptions, folklore records, literary manifestos, etc., chronological outline of the life and work of S. A. . Yesenin, reference materials) ISBN 5-02-011245-3.

About the poet

• Belousov V. G. Sergei Yesenin. Literary chronicle. In 2 parts. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1969-1970.

• Petr Epifanov. Duel by moonlight. Once again about the spiritual world of Sergei Yesenin’s poetry.

Almanac “DOVE WINGS” issue 1/2007, pp. 50 - 79.

Addresses in Petrograd - Leningrad

• 1915 - apartment of S. M. Gorodetsky - Malaya Posadskaya street, 14, apt. 8;
• December 1915 - March 1916 - Apartment of K. A. Rasshepina in an apartment building - Fontanka River embankment, 149, apt. 9;
• 1917 - apartment building - Liteiny Prospekt, 49;
• 1917-1918 - apartment of P.V. Oreshin - 7th Sovetskaya Street, 40;
• early 1922 - Angleterre Hotel - Gogol Street, 24;
• April 1924 - European Hotel - Lasalya Street, 1;
• April - July 1924 - apartment of A. M. Zakharov - Gagarinskaya street, 1, apt. 12;
• December 24-28, 1925 - Angleterre Hotel - Gogol Street, 24.

Film incarnations

• Ivan Chenko “Isadora” (Great Britain - France, 1968)
• Sergei Nikonenko - “Sing a Song, Poet” (USSR, 1971)
• Dmitry Mulyar - “The Golden Head on the Block” (Russia, 2004)
• Sergey Bezrukov - “Yesenin” (Russia, 2005)

“You can so easily leave this life,
Burn out mindlessly and painlessly.
But not given to the Russian poet
To die such a bright death.

More likely than lead, the winged soul
The heavenly borders will open,
Or hoarse horror with a shaggy paw
Life will be squeezed out of the heart like from a sponge.”
Poem by Anna Akhmatova “In Memory of Sergei Yesenin”

Biography

The biography of Sergei Yesenin is a controversial life story of the great Russian poet. It is difficult to find another person who would write about Russia with such love and at the same time pain. The poet’s difficult character, his rebellion, restlessness, and tendency to shocking people and conflicts created considerable difficulties in Yesenin’s life. But even after his tragic departure, the “street rake”, “mischievous reveler” and “scandalist” Yesenin, as he called himself, was able to remain forever in the hearts of those who once heard his poetry and fell in love with it.

Sergei Yesenin was born in the Ryazan region into a simple peasant family. Even as a child, he fell in love with reading, having special feelings for Russian folklore, fairy tales, epics, ditties and Russian poetry. Pushkin, Lermontov, Koltsov were Yesenin’s favorite writers. As a young man, he moved to Moscow, where he worked in a printing house, and was soon accepted into the literary and musical circles of the capital and began publishing his poems. First Moscow, and then Petrograd, greeted Yesenin with open arms; he was considered “the envoy of the Russian village.” Yesenin’s personality also played a big role - he read his poems with such fervor, with such expression and sincerity that everyone - from ordinary people to famous writers - fell in love with the golden-haired peasant poet.

Yesenin greeted the coming of power by the workers and peasants with enthusiasm. But over time, delight gave way to disappointment, fear, and indignation. Because of his directness, the poet often became the object of surveillance by the authorities, especially during Sergei Yesenin’s relationship with Isadora Duncan, an American dancer. When, finally, Yesenin openly expressed his sharp condemnation of the actions of the Soviet authorities in the poem “Land of Scoundrels,” the real persecution of the poet began. The already hot-tempered and alcohol-addicted poet was often provoked. Every scandalous episode of his biography was described in the newspapers. Yesenin was forced to hide - he lived in the Caucasus, in Leningrad, in Konstantinovo, where he was born. Yesenin’s last wife, Sofya Tolstaya, in an attempt to save her husband from alcohol addiction and persecution, hospitalized him in a neurological clinic. Which Yesenin secretly left, allegedly in an attempt to evade the authorities, and went to Leningrad, where he stayed at the Angleterre Hotel. Five days later, his body was found in the Angleterre room. The cause of Yesenin's death was suicide - the poet committed suicide by hanging himself from a pipe. His last words were a poem written in blood instead of ink:

"Goodbye, my friend, goodbye,
My dear, you are in my chest.
Destined separation
Promises a meeting ahead.

Goodbye, my friend, without a hand and without a word,
Don’t be sad and don’t have sad eyebrows, -
Dying is nothing new in this life,
But life, of course, is not newer.”

Yesenin's funeral took place on the last day of 1925 - December 31. Not a single Russian poet was seen off with such honors and scope - about two hundred thousand people came to Yesenin’s funeral. Yesenin's death was a huge loss and shock for Russia.

Life line

October 3, 1895 Date of birth of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin.
1904 Admission to the Zemstvo School in Konstantinovo.
1909 Graduation from college, enrollment in a church teaching school.
1912 Graduation from school with a diploma as a literacy teacher, moving to Moscow.
1913 Marriage to Anna Izryadnova.
1914 Birth of Sergei Yesenin's son, Yuri.
1915 Meeting Alexander Blok, joining the ambulance train.
1916 Release of the first collection of poems “Radunitsa”.
1917 Marriage to Zinaida Reich.
1918 Birth of daughter Tatyana.
1920 Birth of son Konstantin.
1921 Divorce from Zinaida Reich, acquaintance with Isadora Duncan, release of the collections “Treryadnitsa”, “Confession of a Hooligan”.
May 2, 1922 Marriage to Isadora Duncan.
1923 Release of the collection “Poems of a Brawler”.
1924 Divorce from Isadora Duncan, the publication of the poem “Pugachev”, the collection “Moscow Tavern”, the birth of an illegitimate son from the translator and poetess Nadezhda Volpin.
September 18, 1925 Marriage to Sofia Tolstoy.
December 28, 1925 Date of death of Yesenin.
December 31, 1925 Yesenin's funeral.

Memorable places

1. The village of Konstantinovo, where Yesenin was born and where the Yesenin Museum-Reserve is located today.
2. Yesenin Museum (former church and teachers' school, from which Yesenin graduated) in Spas-Klepiki.
3. Tsarskoe Selo, where Yesenin’s regiment was quartered and where the poet spoke to Empress Alexandra.
4. Yesenin and Duncan’s house in Moscow, where the couple lived and where Isadora’s dance school was located.
5. Moscow State Museum of S. A. Yesenin.
6. Yesenin’s house in Mardakan (now a memorial house-museum on the territory of the arboretum), where the poet lived in 1924-1925.
7. House-museum of Sergei Yesenin in Tashkent, where he stayed in 1921.
8. Monument to Yesenin in Moscow on Yeseninsky Boulevard.
9. Monument to Yesenin in Moscow on Tverskoy Boulevard.
10. Hotel Angleterre, where Yesenin’s body was found.
11. Vagankovskoe cemetery, where Yesenin is buried.

Episodes of life

Despite the fact that Yesenin abused alcohol in the last years of his life, he did not write poetry while drunk. The poet’s memoirs also talk about this. One day Yesenin admitted to his friend: “I have a desperate reputation as a drunkard and a hooligan, but these are just words, and not such a terrible reality.”

Dancer Duncan fell in love with Yesenin almost at first sight. He was also very interested in her, despite the noticeable age difference. Isadora dreamed of glorifying her Russian husband and took him with her on a tour - around Europe and America. Yesenin explained his scandalous behavior during the trip in his characteristic manner: “Yes, I caused a scandal. I needed them to know me, so they would remember me. What, am I going to read poetry to them? Poems for Americans? I would only become ridiculous in their eyes. But stealing the tablecloth and all the dishes from the table, whistling in the theater, disrupting the traffic order - this is understandable to them. If I do this, I'm a millionaire. That means I can. So respect is ready, and glory and honor! Oh, they remember me better than Duncan!” In fact, Yesenin quickly realized that abroad he was just “husband Duncan” for everyone, broke off relations with the dancer and returned home.

Speculation that Sergei Yesenin’s death was violent appeared many years after the poet’s death. The author of the version of the murder and its popularization was the Moscow investigator Eduard Khlystalov - his point of view on what happened to the poet is shown in the serial film “Yesenin”. Other researchers found it unconvincing.

Covenant

“In thunderstorms, in storms, in everyday shame,
In times of bereavement and when you feel sad,
Seem smiling and simple -
The highest art in the world."

A plot from the series “Historical Chronicles”, dedicated to Sergei Yesenin

Condolences

“Let's not blame him alone. All of us - his contemporaries - are more or less to blame. This was a precious man. We had to fight harder for him. We should have helped him in a more brotherly way.”
Anatoly Lunacharsky, revolutionary, statesman

“Yesenin was saddened by the end, usually saddened in a human way. But right away this ending seemed completely natural and logical. I found out about this at night, the grief would have remained sadness, it would have dissipated by the morning, but in the morning the newspapers brought the dying lines: “In this life, dying is not new, but living, of course, is not new.” . After these lines, Yesenin’s death became a literary fact.”
Vladimir Mayakovsky, poet

“He lived terribly and died terribly.”
Anna Akhmatova, poetess

Born into a peasant family, in the village of Konstantinov, Ryazan district, Ryazan province. From an early age he was given to be raised by a wealthy grandfather. He studied at a rural school, then at a church-teachers school in Spas-Klepiki. In summer 1912 Mr. arrived in Moscow to visit his father, who worked as a clerk for a merchant. He worked as a proofreader in the Sytinsky printing house.

Entered the Surikov artistic and literary circle.

The first poetic experiences awaken early. For some time in his youth, Yesenin composed, by his own admission, “only spiritual poems” and only at the request of his school friends decided to “try himself in poetry of a different kind.” Prepared in the summer 1912 The collection of youthful poems "Sick Thoughts" remained unpublished during the poet's lifetime.

He began publishing poetry in small Moscow magazines. In March 1915 appeared in Petrograd. I met Blok, Gorodetsky, Klyuev. Attracted a lot of attention. Published the first book of poems "Radunitsa" (beginning 1916 G.). Was in April 1916 g. drafted into the army, served on a hospital train.

I greeted the February Revolution with delight. In the pre-October years he created many beautiful works, becoming a great national poet.

IN 1918 In Petrograd, Yesenin’s second book of poems, “Dove,” was published, confirming Yesenin’s talent as an original poet of peasant Russia.

Yesenin's living poetry embodies the beauty of the world in all its manifestations. Yesenin had a phenomenal gift for subtly perceiving barely perceptible states and elusively elusive moments of the existence of nature.

The poet heard both “the ringing of broken sedge” and how “the barley straw gently groans, hanging from the lips of nodding cows.”

Yesenin’s love lyrics are also permeated with images of nature. Female images in his poetry seem to be a direct product of the ideal world and dreams and nevertheless possess the features of a seductive earthly, full-blooded life. Such, for example, is the poem “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes...” ( 1916 ); the unearthly beauty of his heroine is in tune with the best examples of classical love lyrics.

Beginning with 1917 Yesenin's path is becoming more and more contradictory. History is now invading the timeless, harmoniously integral world of Yesenin’s Rus'. The very titles of the poet’s new books speak about this: “Transfiguration ( 1918 ), "Pugachev" ( 1922 ), "Song of the Great March" ( 1925 ), "Soviet Rus'" ( 1925 ). And the lyrics, and the image of the lyrical hero, and the very appearance of the poet change dramatically, the poetry of “rebellion” comes.

Yesenin takes part in two collections "Scythians" ( 1917 , the second one is marked 1918 g.), published by a literary group of the same name oriented towards the left Socialist Revolutionaries, inspired by the ideologist of mystical, messianic socialism R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik. Yesenin and N. Klyuev are extolled by him as poet-prophets of the “Russia of the future.” In Yesenin’s poems there appears a motive for challenging the old patriarchal Russia (the poem “Inonia”, 1918 ). Yesenin renounces Christ, curses Kitezh and Radonezh as symbols of Holy Rus' and threatens to “pluck out God’s beard and “lick” the “Faces of Martyrs and Saints” on the icons.”

IN 1919 Mr. Yesenin is one of the creators (together with A. Mariengof, V. Shershenevich and R. Ivnev) of Russian imagism, the purpose of which for him was not only “to bring to life the power of the image,” but also to distance himself from patriarchal Russia, from Klyuev’s “ hut space" and rapprochement with the urban world, with the complete moral emancipation of a "civilized" person. Yesenin’s imagism was also seduced by the opportunity to declare his “Europeanism” and free himself from the role of a “shepherd” poet that constrained him. Yesenin enters the period of his bohemian existence that lasted until his last days. Married in 1922 g. on the famous American dancer Isadora Duncan, he then spends more than a year with her on a tour of Europe and America.

The last years of Yesenin's life were marked by tragic contradictions. Liberation from the power of patriarchal Rus' and rapprochement with the civilized world not only did not enrich, but inflicted many severe wounds on the poet’s well-being. IN 1924-25 gg. he creates such masterpieces as the book of poems "Moscow Tavern" ( 1924) , poem "Black Man" ( 1925 ).

And yet, in the struggle of the authorities against the “old”, primordial Russia with its primarily “arable ideology”, Yesenin decisively sided with the latter. His poetry contains sympathy for the defeated rebel peasant movement, on the one hand, and hidden resistance, fear of lack of spirituality, of violence, on the other: “Sorokoust”, “The world is mysterious, my ancient world...” ( 1921 ); the same thing in the dramatic poems "Pugachev" and "Country of Scoundrels" ( 1922-23 ).

The poet’s attempt to take a closer look at the “newness” of the post-revolutionary village does not bring any comforting results (“Return to the Homeland”, 1924 ). In his homeland, all he sees is a rising “bell tower without a cross,” in the hut, icons thrown from the shrine’s shelf by Komsomol sisters, instead of which “there is a calendar Lenin on the wall.”

In the last period of his life, Yesenin consciously moved away from the village, as if from the Soviet “newness” that was alien to him.

He leaves life with a poetic gaze, more focused on his inner world than on external reality. The theme of approaching death sounds more and more insistently in his poetry.

Yesenin's life tragically ended in Leningrad, at the Angleterre Hotel under unclear circumstances. The poet was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

There are many famous people in Russia. Someone left behind a mark with valiant victories, high-profile battles, scientific discoveries, and sporting achievements. But the poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin was remembered for his beautiful, sonorous verse. The daring singer of his country, whose soul is wide open, is loved by many admirers. His creativity and soul grew in love for his native land. The poet was proud of his Mother Russia with its endless fields, white birches, and open hearts.

Sergei Yesenin’s birthday is in October, it was during this golden time that a real folk singer appeared. He was a prominent representative of the new peasant lyricism and poetry, a master of depicting landscapes, and an expert in the folk language and soul.

Place and birthday of Sergei Yesenin

The poet S. A. Yesenin is called a great lyricist. He touched on a variety of topics in his creations. His latest works show features of imagism with a large number of images and metaphors. Sergei Yesenin's birthday fell on September 21 (October 3), 1895. The literary genius was born in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminsk volost, Ryazan province. Sergei Yesenin’s birthday is remembered by many fans of his work.

The future genius grew up in a rather poor peasant family, where besides him there were two more sisters - Ekaterina and Alexandra. Since childhood, the boy was accustomed to hard peasant labor and harsh life.

The poet's parents

The mother and father of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin came from a peasant family. Alexander Nikitich, the poet’s father, worked a lot physically and devoted many years to this. In his youth he sang in a church choir and had a good voice. For some time I sold meat in a local shop. One day Alexander Nikitich was lucky enough to get to Moscow. He got a job there as a clerk and was able to financially support his family. The poet's mother and father began to see each other rarely, so their family life fell apart.

The mother of the future genius was able to get a job in Ryazan. There she began to live in a civil marriage with Ivan Razgulyaev, from whom she gave birth to a son, Alexander, Sergei’s half-brother. After some time, the poet’s parents began to live together again, after which he had two more sisters.

During the discord between his father and mother, the boy lived for a while with his maternal grandfather, who was an Old Believer. His three uncles were involved in the boy’s male upbringing there. Being unmarried, they were famous for their special mischief and cheerful disposition. It was not difficult for them to put Sergei on a horse for the first time, which galloped off. To teach the boy to swim, they simply threw him into the water from a boat.

School years

Having received such a unique upbringing, young Yesenin went to study at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School. The young man had good abilities, but his behavior let him down. Sergei's rebellious character led to the fact that he was once left for the second year. Still, he graduated from school with high grades.

After his parents reunited, the boy began to come home for the holidays. There he became friends with a local priest who gave him books to read from his library. The study of these works significantly influenced the development of the future genius.

After graduating from the zemstvo school, Sergei went to the parish school. There he spent the next five years. In 1909 he entered the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School. Relatives saw Yesenin as a future teacher, so they sent him to a second-grade teacher’s school in Spas-Klepiki. There is still a museum of the great genius working here.

Life in the capital

The biography of Sergei Yesenin indicates that after receiving a diploma in pedagogical education, he left for Moscow. At first he worked as a butcher in the capital, then got a job in a printing house. His father helped Sergei in finding employment.

The young man did not quite like the boring and monotonous work. Being a proofreader in a printing house, he became close to the poets who were part of the Surikov literary circle. Thanks to this, Yesenin became a free student at the Moscow City People's University. Most of all he was interested in the historical and philosophical direction.

The beginning of a creative journey

While still a student at the parish school, Sergei tried to write poetry. There were few lyrics in them, but more spiritual orientation. His first creations are “My Life”, “Stars”. The poet began to compose more convincing works already in Moscow. Here are the main features inherent in the early works of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin:

• a lot of direct and figurative images, metaphorical;
• new peasant direction;
• features of Russian symbolism, like Alexander Blok.

Inspired by the work of A. Fet, the aspiring poet released his first printed poem, “Birch.” It was published in the magazine "Mirok" under the pseudonym Ariston (1914).

The first collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin

In 1916, the master’s first book, entitled “Radunitsa,” was published. The poems in this collection were distinguished by the characteristic features of modernism. This is not in vain: Sergei lived in St. Petersburg at that time, his social circle included Gippius, Gorodetsky, Blok, Filosofov. The collection contains many dialectal elements, and parallel lines are drawn between the spiritual and the natural. After all, the name “Radunitsa” symbolizes the holiday when the dead are venerated. This day is also associated with the arrival of spring, when peasants glorify it in their songs. Nature is renewed, and those who are no longer alive are venerated.

From the biography of Sergei Yesenin it is clear that not only the poet’s poems began to change, but his style of behavior and clothing. Alexander Blok himself began to listen to the poems of the aspiring master of words. The wonderful creation of 1915 was the poem "Bird cherry". The poet endowed this amazing plant with human features: “curls curled,” “dew slides down,” “greenery glistens in the sun.” In 1916, Yesenin was drafted into the army, but he was soon demobilized.

Visits to Tsarskoe Selo

The collection "Radunitsa" brought wide popularity to the poet Sergei Yesenin. Empress Alexandra Feodorovna admired his poems. Several times the genius was invited to Tsarskoe Selo, where the emperor’s family lived. The master himself read his creations to the empress and her daughters. For his performances, he wore stylized “folk” clothing.

Revolutionary inspiration

The October Revolution of 1917 affected the work of Sergei Yesenin. With great enthusiasm, the poet released the poem "Transfiguration". Some readers were very interested in it, while others only criticized it for using the slogans of the International. Many of the poems were written in the style of the Old Testament. Yesenin showed the world in his works in a completely new way, focusing on Andrei Bely. Then he joined the Scythians group. Under the influence of the poets of this group, the following books were created: “Dove”, “Transfiguration”, “Rural Book of Hours”, the second edition of “Radunitsa”.

Imagism period

With the beginning of using many images and metaphors in his works, the features of imagism prevailed in the poet’s work. During these years of his life, Sergei Yesenin created his own group of poets, which had the futuristic features and style of Pasternak. The group's poets read all their works on stage. The group soon became very popular. Yesenin at this time wrote “Sorokoust”, the poem “Pugachev”, and the treatise “The Keys of Mary”.

In parallel with his creative activity, Yesenin opened a shop on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, where he sold books. This occupation was profitable, but distracted the poet from creating masterpieces. Soon the master again plunged into creativity. In 1921, he wrote the works “Treryadnitsa” and “Confession of a Hooligan.” In 1923, "Poems of a Brawler" was published. The year 1924 was marked by the release of the collection “Moscow Tavern” and the poems “Letter to Mother” and “Letter to a Woman.” Readers especially loved the poem from this period, “I Don’t Regret, I Don’t Call, I Don’t Cry.” It is worth noting his collection “Persian Motifs” with the wonderful masterpiece “Shagane, you are mine, Shagane”.

Travels of a poet

In the early 20s, Sergei Alexandrovich was inspired to travel to different places. He started from Siberia and the Urals, then went to Central Asia. Tashkent and Samarkand did not stand aside. The poet made various acquaintances, attended tea parties, got acquainted with local sights, music, poetry, and architecture.

European countries did not go unnoticed by him: he visited France, Germany, Italy. Yesenin devoted three months to his visit to America. Under the impression, he published the recordings “Iron Mirgorod”, which were published in Izvestia.

The year 1925 was marked by a trip to the Caucasus. After that, he wrote the collection "Red East". Many people liked Yesenin’s work of that time, and some criticized him. V. Mayakovsky expressed particular hostility towards the poet.

Hooligan behavior

After 1924, a departure from imagism began to be noticed in the work of Sergei Alexandrovich. Often the poet began to be distinguished by not very decent behavior: he was noticed drunk, participated in various scandals and brawls. We can say that his actions were hooligans. Several times minor criminal cases were even brought against him. In one of these cases, the poet was accused of anti-Semitism.

After all these ups and downs, Yesenin became a heavy drinker and his health deteriorated. Even the authorities began to worry about this.

Personal life of Sergei Yesenin

The genius's first wife (civilian) was named Anna Izryadnova. He met her while he was still a proofreader in a printing house. They had a son, Yuri, but their parents separated. After some time, Zinaida Reich became Yesenin’s legal wife. Despite the transience of this union, the woman gave birth to Sergei Alexandrovich’s son, Konstantin, and daughter, Tatyana.

A particularly vivid memory was his love for Isadora Duncan, with whom he entered into a legal marriage. The public's attention was especially focused on this couple, because Isadora is a talented American dancer. For some time, their relationship was truly romantic and beautiful. Yesenin was several years younger than his wife, but this did not bother him.

This couple met in 1921 in one of the private workshops. The lovers went on a trip to Europe together. Then Isadora took Sergei to her homeland - America. There the poet fell into a depressed state, and they had to return to Russia. Soon the couple separated.

After breaking up with Duncan, Yesenin married Sofya Tolstoy, the granddaughter of the famous Russian writer. This union did not last even a year. During his short life, Sergei Alexandrovich had relationships with other women. One of them, Galina Benislavskaya, his personal secretary, devoted her entire life to the poet. He also had a relationship with the poetess and translator Nadezhda Volpin. She gave birth to the poet's son Alexander.

last years of life

The biography of Sergei Yesenin takes only 30 years. It is no secret that Sergei Alexandrovich abused alcohol. His loved ones and himself suffered from this. At the beginning of December 1925, he was hospitalized in one of the Moscow paid clinics, where psychoneurological diseases were treated. But the poet did not want to complete the course of treatment and interrupted it. After this he moves to Leningrad. To do this, Yesenin withdrew all his savings from his accounts and settled in a hotel. Here writers communicated with the poet: Nikitin, Ustinov, Erlich.

Sergei Alexandrovich died suddenly. To this day, no one knows exactly what caused his death. The day of his death is December 28, the years of Sergei Yesenin’s life are 1895-1925. The genius was destined to live only thirty years. The night before his death, he left a prophetic poem. Many researchers believe that suicide was committed. Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was buried in Moscow, where his grave is still located.

The fate of the poet's children

The work of Sergei Yesenin continues to delight many of his admirers. Also, many are interested in the poet’s descendants. What is the fate of Sergei Yesenin’s children? The poet had four children, unfortunately, none of them are alive anymore. The eldest son, Yuri, died tragically in 1937 while serving in the Far East. He was falsely accused of participating in a fascist-terrorist group and was shot.

Daughter Tatyana and son Konstantin, whom Zinaida Reich gave birth to, were raised by her second husband Vsevolod Meyerhold, a famous director. Tatyana lived a difficult life and became a journalist. She wrote memoirs about her mother and stepfather. She lived all her life in Tashkent and died in 1992. She is survived by her son Sergei and granddaughter Anna, who live in Moscow.

Son Konstantin worked as a sports journalist and wrote several books about football. He died in Moscow in 1986. He is survived by his daughter Marina.

Son Alexander lived the longest (92 years). He was a mathematician, philosopher, poet, and participant in the dissident movement in the Soviet Union. In 1972, Alexander emigrated to the USA and lived in Boston. He died quite recently - March 16, 2016.

The memory of the wonderful Russian poet lives in the hearts of his fans; in many cities you can see a monument to Sergei Yesenin. In 2005, Russian filmmakers shot the film "Yesenin", where the main role went to the wonderful actor Sergei Bezrukov. The series “The Poet” is also dedicated to the life of a genius. Many fans of creativity remember the birthday of Sergei Yesenin and his brilliant works.

In 1912 he graduated from the Spas-Klepikovskaya teacher's school with a degree in literacy school teacher.

In the summer of 1912, Yesenin moved to Moscow and for some time served in a butcher shop, where his father worked as a clerk. After a conflict with his father, he left the shop and worked in book publishing, then in the printing house of Ivan Sytin in 1912-1914. During this period, the poet joined the revolutionary-minded workers and found himself under police surveillance.

In 1913-1915, Yesenin was a volunteer student at the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky. In Moscow, he became close to writers from the Surikov literary and musical circle - an association of self-taught writers from the people.

Sergei Yesenin wrote poetry since childhood, mainly in imitation of Alexei Koltsov, Ivan Nikitin, Spiridon Drozhzhin. By 1912, he had already written the poem “The Legend of Evpatiy Kolovrat, of Khan Batu, the Flower of the Three Hands, of the Black Idol and Our Savior Jesus Christ,” and also prepared a book of poems “Sick Thoughts.” In 1913, the poet worked on the poem "Tosca" and the dramatic poem "The Prophet", the texts of which are unknown.

In January 1914, in the Moscow children's magazine "Mirok" under the pseudonym "Ariston", the poet's first publication took place - the poem "Birch". In February, the same magazine published the poems "Sparrows" ("Winter Sings and Calls...") and "Powder", later - "Village", "Easter Annunciation".

In the spring of 1915, Yesenin arrived in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), where he met the poets Alexander Blok, Sergei Gorodetsky, Alexei Remizov, and became close to Nikolai Klyuev, who had a significant influence on him. Their joint performances with poems and ditties, stylized in a “peasant”, “folk” style, were a great success.

In 1916, Yesenin’s first collection of poems, “Radunitsa,” was published, enthusiastically received by critics, who discovered in it a fresh spirit, youthful spontaneity and the author’s natural taste.

From March 1916 to March 1917, Yesenin served in military service - initially in a reserve battalion located in St. Petersburg, and then from April he served as an orderly on the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train No. 143. After the February Revolution, he left the army without permission.

Yesenin moved to Moscow. Having greeted the revolution with enthusiasm, he wrote several short poems - “The Jordan Dove”, “Inonia”, “Heavenly Drummer” - imbued with a joyful anticipation of the “transformation” of life.

In 1919-1921 he was part of a group of imagists who stated that the purpose of creativity was to create an image.

In the early 1920s, Yesenin’s poems featured motifs of “storm-ravaged everyday life,” drunken prowess, giving way to hysterical melancholy, which was reflected in the collections “Confession of a Hooligan” (1921) and “Moscow Tavern” (1924).

An event in Yesenin’s life was a meeting in the fall of 1921 with the American dancer Isadora Duncan, who six months later became his wife.

From 1922 to 1923, they traveled around Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and America, but upon returning to Russia, Isadora and Yesenin separated almost immediately.

In the 1920s, Yesenin's most significant works were created, which brought him fame as one of the best Russian poets - poems

“The golden grove dissuaded me…”, “Letter to my mother”, “Now we are leaving little by little…”, the cycle “Persian Motifs”, the poem “Anna Snegina”, etc. The theme of the Motherland, which occupied one of the main places in his work, acquired during this period dramatic shades. The once single harmonious world of Yesenin’s Rus' split into two: “Soviet Rus'” - “Leaving Rus'.” In the collections "Soviet Rus'" and "Soviet Country" (both - 1925), Yesenin felt like a singer of a "golden log hut", whose poetry "is no longer needed here." The emotional dominant of the lyrics were autumn landscapes, motives for summing up, and farewells.

The last two years of the poet’s life were spent traveling: he traveled to the Caucasus three times, went to Leningrad (St. Petersburg) several times, and to Konstantinovo seven times.

At the end of November 1925, the poet was admitted to a psychoneurological clinic. One of Yesenin’s last works was the poem “The Black Man,” in which his past life appears as part of a nightmare. Having interrupted the course of treatment, Yesenin left for Leningrad on December 23.

On December 24, 1925, he stayed at the Angleterre Hotel, where on December 27 he wrote his last poem, “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...”.

On the night of December 28, 1925, according to the official version, Sergei Yesenin committed suicide. The poet was discovered on the morning of December 28. His body hung in a loop on a water pipe right at the ceiling, at a height of almost three meters.

No serious investigation was carried out, the city authorities from the local police officer.

A special commission created in 1993 did not confirm versions of circumstances other than the official one about the poet’s death.

Sergei Yesenin is buried in Moscow at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

The poet was married several times. In 1917, he married Zinaida Reich (1897-1939), secretary-typist of the newspaper Delo Naroda. From this marriage a daughter, Tatyana (1918-1992), and a son, Konstantin (1920-1986), were born. In 1922, Yesenin married the American dancer Isadora Duncan. In 1925, the poet’s wife was Sofia Tolstaya (1900-1957), the granddaughter of the writer Leo Tolstoy. The poet had a son, Yuri (1914-1938), from a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova. In 1924, Yesenin had a son, Alexander, from the poet and translator Nadezhda Volpin, a mathematician and activist in the dissident movement, who moved to the United States in 1972.

On October 2, 1965, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the poet’s birth, the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. was opened in the village of Konstantinovo in the house of his parents. Yesenin is one of the largest museum complexes in Russia.

On October 3, 1995, in Moscow, in house number 24 on Bolshoy Strochenovsky Lane, where Sergei Yesenin was registered in 1911-1918, the Moscow State Museum of S.A. was created. Yesenina.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources