Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения

Передать речь другого человека возможно двумя различными способами: процитировать или передать своими словами. Цитирование слов другого человека называется прямой речью, передача своими словами - речью косвенной. При использовании косвенной речи в английском языке существует несколько правил, речь о которых пойдёт ниже.

Косвенная речь в английском языке согласует время используемых глаголов во второстепенном предложении с глаголами, используемыми в главной части предложения. Если мы употребляем в главном предложении глаголы, поставленные в Present или Future, форма глагола в зависимом остаётся неизменной. Если же мы имеем дело в приоритетном предложении с глаголом, употреблённым во времени Past, то в придаточном предложении все глаголы употребляются также во времени Past.

She says that the cleaning is finished. / Она говорит, что уборка завершена.

He will want to watch what you have written. / Он захочет видеть, что вы написали.

She wanted to know what you had bought. / Она хотела знать, что вы приобрели.

Если необходимо употребить модальные глаголы в косвенной речи, стоит придерживаться правила о том, что модальный глагол, расположенный в придаточном предложении должен быть употреблён в том же времени, что глагол-сказуемое в главном.

Katy claimed that she could read minds. / Кети утверждала, что может читать мысли.

Упражнения на косвенную речь

Для того, чтобы полностью усвоить тему, необходимо выполнить упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке.

Выберите правильный вариант:

Выберите местоимение или наречие, которое употребляется в косвенной речи:

Выберите правильный вариант ответа. При переходе из прямой речи в косвенную:

Упражнения на косвенную речь в сервисе Lim English помогут полноценно разобраться как и где правильно употреблять косвенную речь, а где цитаты, изменяются ли формы глаголов при употреблении косвенной речи.

Вариант I

Упражнение 1.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
3. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
4. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
5. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
Упражнение 2. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи .
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle .
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
4. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
5. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.

Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
2. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
3. She told me she had caught cold.
4. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
5. He said he would not come to school until Monday.

Упражнение 4.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
4. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
5 . She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”

Упражнение 5.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
5. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)

Упражнение 6.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.

Упражнения по теме «Прямая и косвенная речь»

Вариант II

Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”

Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”

Упражнение 3.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. He told me he was ill.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.

Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”

Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? ( She wanted to know …)

Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

Indirect Commands
Keep quiet! Don’t make noise!
He told me He asked me	to keep quiet and not to make noise.

Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
4. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
5. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
6. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
9. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”

Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle.
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
6. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
9. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
10. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.

Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
1. He told me he was ill.
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
3. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
5. She told me she had caught cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
7. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
8. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor.
9. He said he would not come to school until Monday.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.

Indirect Questions
Special questions	He asked (me)… He wanted to know… He wondered…
“What are you doing?” “Where do you live?” “Where does he work?” “What is Nick doing?” “What have you prepared for today?” “When did you come home yesterday?” “When will your mother come home?”	…what I was doing. …where I lived. …where he worked. …what Nick was doing. …what I had prepared for that day. …when I had come home the day before. …when my mother would come home.

Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
4. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
5. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
6. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”

Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
5. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)
10. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)

Indirect Questions
General questions	He asked (me)… He wanted to know… He wondered …
“Are you watching TV?” “Do you play chess?” “Does she go to school?” “Are you listening to me?” “Have you done your homework?” “Did you skate last winter?” “Will you see your friend tomorrow?”	if, whether	…I was watching TV. …I played chess. …she went to school. …I was listening to him. …I had done my homework. …I had skated the winter before. …I should see my friend the next day.

Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

Упражнение 1. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 2. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 3. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning."
4. He said to her: "I shall do it today if I have time." 5. I said to them: "I can give you my uncle"s address." 6. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor." 7. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 8. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents" house last year." 9. He said: "I haven"t seen my cousin today." 10. "I don"t go to this shop very often," she said. 11. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry."

Упражнение 2.

1. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 2. "I can"t explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 3. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 4. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here." 5. Mike said: "We have bought these books today." 6. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation." 7. Our teacher said: "Thackeray"s novels are very interesting." 8. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said: "I read "Jane Eyre" last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 13. The rich man said to the judge: "This man"s horse has killed my horse."

Упражнение 3 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me: "I want to see you today." 8. She said: "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 10. The pupil said to the teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said: "I can"t answer this question. I don"t understand it."

Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: "They are staying at the Grand Europe Hotel." 2. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 3. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs." 4. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 5. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 6. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 7. He said: "I am going to a health resort tomorrow." 8. Ann said to us: "They haven"t yet come." 9. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 10. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 11. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 12. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long."

Упражнение 5 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I shall come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10. It"s a pity you didn"t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I"ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today"s newspaper.

Упражнение6. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you," I said to my grandmother. 2. "If you are in a hurry, we shall make only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan"t start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 4. "When I get a job, I"ll buy you a warm coat," said the boy"s father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won"t be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7. "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don"t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball," said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Упражнение 7. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 2. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 3. Ann said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 4. She said to Boris: "When will you be back home?" 5. Boris said to them: "How can I get to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me: "Why didn"t you come here yesterday?" 8. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 9. I said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 10. I said to him: "How long are you going to stay there?" 11. I said to him: "How long will it take you to get there?" 12. Pete said to his friends: "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 13. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 14. They said to him: "What time does the train start?" 15. I asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 16. I asked my uncle: "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 17. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky: "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"

Упражнение 9. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 2. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 3. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 4. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...) 5. Where is he going? (He didn"t tell anybody...) 6. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 7. Where is he? (Did you know...) 8. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 9. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 10. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 11. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 12. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...)

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Mike: "Have you packed your suitcase?" 2. I said to Kate: "Did anybody meet you at the station?" 3. I said to her: "Can you give me their address?" 4. I asked Tom: "Have you had breakfast?" 5. I asked my sister: "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 6. I said to my mother: "Did anybody come to see me?" 7. I asked my sister: "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 8. She said to the young man: "Can you call a taxi for me?" 9. Mary said to Peter: "Have you shown your photo to Dick?" 10. Oleg said to me: "Will you come here tomorrow?" 11. He said to us: "Did you go to the museum this morning?" 12. I said to Boris: "Does your friend live in London?" 13. I said to the man: "Are you living in a hotel?" 14. Nick said to his friend: "Will you stay at the "Hilton"?" 15. He said to me: "Do you often go to see your friends?" 16. He said to me "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 17. Mike said to Jane: "Will you come to the railway station to see me off?" 18. She said to me: "Have you sent them a telegram?" 19. She said to me: "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?"

Ключи к упражнениям

1. Упражнение 1.

1. 1.He said that he had just received a letter from his uncle. 2. He told me that he was going to the theatre that night. 3. Mike said that he had spoken to Mr. Brown that morning. 4. He told her that he would do it that day if he had time. 5. I told them that I could give them my uncle"s address. 6. Oleg said that his room was on the second floor. 7. He said that he was sure she would ring him up when she was back in St. Petersburg. 8. Misha said that he had seen them at his parents" house the year before. 9. He said that he had not seen his cousin that day. 10. She said that she did not go to that shop very often. 11. Tom said that he had already had breakfast and so he was not hungry.

Упражнение 2

1. 1. The woman said that that man had spoken to her on the road. 2. My classmate told me that he could not explain that rule to me. 3. The teacher told the class that they would discuss that subject the next day. 4. The woman told her son that she was glad she was there. 5. Mike said that they had bought those books that day. 6. She told me that now she could read my translation. 7. Our teacher said that Thackeray"s novels were very interesting. 8. She said that we should read that book in the 9th form. 9. Nellie said that she had read "Jane Eyre" the year before. 10. Alec said that his friend lived in Moscow. 11. The teacher told me that I had not done my work well. 12. The poor man told the rich man that his horse was wild and that it could kill the rich man"s horse. 13. The rich man told the judge that the poor man"s horse had killed his horse.

Упражнение3

1. 1. The mother told the doctor that the children were in the nursery. 2. The boy told his mother that he had no time for lunch that day. 3. The woman told me that I spoke English very well. 4. My brother told me that he was going to become a doctor. 5. My uncle told us that he bought several newspapers every day. 6. The teacher told the pupils that the following year they would have six hours of English a week. 7. He told me that he wanted to see me that day. 8. She said that she was free that night. 9. Mother told me that she felt bad that day. 10. The pupil told the teacher that he could do his homework after dinner. 11. The teacher told Jack that she knew that he worked hard and added that he was a good boy. 12. The old man told the girl that she could sing perfectly and added that he thought that she would be a famous singer. 13. My sister told me that I looked very well, much better than I had looked the day before. She added that she thought I had recovered after my illness. 14. My guest told me that I was an excellent cook and added that everything was very tasty. 15. The student said that he could not answer that question because he did not understand it.

Упражнение 4

1. 1. Masha said that she usually spent her holidays in the south. 2. She said that she had spent her holidays in the Crimea the year before. 3. Boris said that he went to the south every year. 4. He said that he was going to a health resort the next day. 5. Ann told us that they hadn"t yet come. 6. She told us that they had arrived in St. Petersburg the day before. 7. I said that I had been in London the year before and added that my friends in London sometimes invited me to spend my holidays with them. 8. Nick said that he had never been to London and added that he thought he would go there the following year. 9. He said that he would not stay with his friends too long.

Упражнение 5

1. 1. My friend told me that he would come as soon as he was ready. 2. My sister said that we should know-that she had gone to the concert if she was not at home by eight. 3. My girlfriend said that she would come to the Philharmonic with me if I got tickets. 4. She told us that five years before there had been no people living there at all. 5. Fred said that he would go skiing on Sunday if he had time. 6. He said that they had finished building that house only the week before. 7. Mary said that it would be very pleasant when Tom came home. 8. My friend said that he would do it at once if I liked. 9. She said that her brother had been there that day. 10. He said that it was a pity I hadn"t come earlier. 11. The teacher told the pupils that there would be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall the next day. She added that one of their teachers would speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Helen said that the year before she had spent her summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. The man said that he had come to live in that town several years before. 14. Grandmother told us that she would be reading us a story until it was time to go to bed. 15. My brother said that he had read all about it in that day"s newspaper.

Упражнение 6

1. 1. I told my grandmother to listen very carefully, when her turn came, to what the doctor told her. 2. The laboratory assistant told me that if I was in a hurry, we should only do the first experiment. 3. The writer told the correspondent that he would not start anything new until he had finished that novel. 4. The boy"s father told him that when he got a job, he would buy him a warm coat. 5. My mother told me that if I spilled the milk, there would not be any for the cat. 6. She told me that she would show me her new dress when I came to see her on Sunday. 7. Jane told Henry to bring Mary to their house if she arrived before seven. 8. The PT teacher told the pupils not to wait until he came and to begin playing volleyball as soon as they finished the exercises. 9. Mary told her mother to ask Robert, as soon as he appeared, where he had put the dictionary.

Упражнение7

1. 1. I shall go to see the doctor tomorrow. 2. I am ill. 3. I have fallen ill. 4. Tom did not come to school yesterday. 5. You may catch cold. 6. I have caught cold. 7. While crossing the English Channel we stayed on deck all the time. 8. I felt sick when crossing the Channel. 9. I am feeling bad today. 10. I have pain in my right side. 11. I have just been examined by a good doctor. 12. I shall not come to school until Monday. 13. I spent a month at a health resort. 14. My health has greatly improved since then.

Упражнение 8

1.Mother wanted to know who had brought that parcel. 2. He asked her where she usually spent her summer holidays. 3. Ann wondered when Mike had left London. 4. She asked Boris when he would be back home. 5. Boris asked them how he could get to the railway station. 6. Mary was interested what time Tom would come there the next day. 7. She asked me why I had not come there the day before. 8. She wanted to know what I should do the next day if I was not busy at my office. 9. I asked Nick where he was going. 10. I asked him how long he was going to stay there. 11. I wanted to know how long it would take him to get there. 12. Pete asked his friends when they were leaving St. Petersburg. 13. He asked them who they would see before they left there. 14. They asked him what time the train started. 15. I asked Mike what he would do after dinner. 16. I asked my uncle how long he had stayed in the Crimea. 17. Ada asked me where I had seen such trees. 18. I asked Becky what kind of book her friend had brought her.

Упражнение9

I forgot where I had put the book. 2. She wanted to know who had given me that nice kitten. 3. He asked me where he could buy an English-Russian dictionary. 4. He wondered how long it would take my brother to get to Madrid. 5. He didn"t tell anybody where he was going. 6. Did you know where he had gone? 7. Did you know where he was? 8. I wanted to know when he was leaving school. 9. Nobody knew where he lived. 10. She asked them when he would come back. 11. He wanted to know where she had bought that hat. 12. I had no idea how much she had paid for it.

Упражнение 10

1. I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase. 2. I asked Kate if somebody had met her at the station. 3. I asked her if she could give me their address. 4. I wanted to know if Tom had had breakfast. 5. I wondered if my sister would stay at home or go for a walk after dinner. 6. I asked my mother whether somebody had come to see me. 7. I asked my sister whether Nick would call for her on the way to school. 8. She asked the young man if he could call a taxi for her. 9. Mary asked Peter if he had shown his photo to Dick. 10. Oleg asked me if I should come there the next day. 11. He asked us if we had gone to the museum that morning. 12. I asked Boris if his friend lived in London. 13. I asked the man whether he was living in a hotel. 14. Nick asked his friend if he would stay at the Hilton. 15. He asked me whether I often went to see my friends. 16. He asked me if I should see my friends before I left St. Petersburg. 17. Mike wondered if Jane would come to the railway station to see him off. 18. She wanted to know whether I had sent them a telegram. 19. She asked me if I had sent them a telegram the day before.

Indirect Speech, то есть выражает слова другого человека. Сказанные по определению в прошлом, недавнем или давно прошедшем. Не обязательно устно, с таким же успехом передается написанный текст или цифровое сообщение. Сведения могут происходить от группы людей, и даже из более абстрактных источников, которые с трудом поддаются персонализации. Главное, что говорящий или пишущий субъект выражается не от себя лично, а ссылается на сторонних лиц.

Также косвенная речь в английском называется Reported Speech – «переданная» или «донесенная», в буквальном переводе. Более формальная лингвистическая формулировка «непрямая» обозначает то же самое.

Существует еще один способ передать чужое высказывание: прямая речь в английском языке , или Direct Speech. Это дословная цитата в кавычках, со вводной фразой вначале и двоеточием или запятой. Например, She said: «come to me this evening». Чем короче и проще введение, тем лучше. В нем используется Past Idefinite (Simple), Past или Present Perfect, Past Continuous. Но основное внимание следует уделить точному цитированию.

Прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке существенно различаются. Вторая намного сложнее первой. Составляется с изменением времен и многих характерных словосочетаний, с применением специфических речевых конструкций.

Косвенная речь в утвердительных предложениях

Кроме вводного глагола to say (как в примере She said …) часто используются и многие другие. Самые распространенные из них:

• admit (признавать);
• agree (соглашаться);
• ask (просить);
• assert (утверждать);
• claim (заявлять);
• deny (отрицать);
• exclaim (восклицать);
• insist (настаивать);
• promise (обещать);
• propose (предлагать);
• prove (доказывать);
• recommend (советовать);
• state (заявлять);
• suppose (предполагать);
• suggest (предлагать).

Но это лишь вводная часть. За ней идет самое интересное. Описывающие косвенную речь в английском языке правила сводятся к трем основным:

• местоимения заменяются подходящими по смыслу;
• глагольные времена согласуются в соответствии с приведенным ниже перечнем с примерами;
• слова, указывающие время и место, изменяются по общепринятым стандартам;
• некоторые глаголы переходят в другие – например, to tell вместо to say.

Последние два пункта в списке не очень строгие. Их нарушение нельзя считать грубой ошибкой, особенно в просторечии. Но соблюдение предписаний показывает образованность человека, следование правилам хорошего тона. Если вы собираетесь на прием у британской королевы, стоит включить в своей голове все полученные знания.

При замене местоимений чаще всего первое лицо заменяется третьим:

– I am tired (говорит студент) → Student said, he was angry.

Но может заменяться и второе первым:

– «You are doing wrong things» → He said, we was doing wrong things.

Здесь говорящий передает высказывание, адресованное ему самому третьим лицом. Местоимения обязательно следует заменять, руководствуясь здравым смыслом. Также возможна замена местоимения существительным или более подробным уточнением, и наоборот. She ↔ the teacher, или he ↔ my best friend.

Времена глаголов (Verb Tenses) изменяются по схемам, приведенным далее.

Используемые изначально в настоящем времени глагольные формы:

• Present Indefinite (Simple) → Past Indefinite (Simple);
• Present C → Past Continuous;
• Present P → Past Perfect;
• Present P Cont. → Past Perfect Continuous.

Из настоящего времени глаголы переходят в аналогичное прошедшее – простое (неопределенное), длительное или завершенное.

(Boy:) – I visit my parents everyday → Boy said, he visited his parents everyday.

(Girl:) – I am walking to the school→ Girl said, she was walking to the school.

(Teacher:) – They have done their homework well → Teacher recognized, they had done their homework well.

(Student:) – My friends have been studiyng hard all first semester → Student told, her friends had been studiyng hard all first semester.

Если события происходили в прошлом:

• Past Indefinite (Simple) → Past Perfect (за исключением просторечных выражений);
• Past Continuous (тоже не всегда) → Past Continuous Perfect;
• Past Perfect – останется прежним;
• Past Perfect Continuous – останется прежним.

Запомнить эту схему тоже просто: везде добавляется перфект, а если он уже присутствует, то остается на прежнем месте.

(Sportsman:) – Their team played badly → Captain said, their team had played badly.

Здесь подразумевается чужая команда, поэтому their не изменяется, третье лицо остается третьим. В данном случае косвенная речь в английском может оставаться в простом прошлом времени, если это неофициальная беседа. Вставка перфектного had характерна для более строгих официальных разговоров.

(Waiter:) – Visitors was eating roast beef and oysters → Waiter said, visitors had been eating roast beef and oysters.

В просторечии прошедшее продолжительное время тоже часто сохраняется, не переходя в длительное совершенное, характерное для высших слоев общества.

Если же косвенная речь в английском языке идет о будущем, применяется специфическое время «будущее в прошлом». Модальный глагол will при этом преобразуется в would.

• Future Indefinite (Simple): – I will study in the college → Student asserted she would study in the college.
• Future Continuous: – We will be working tomorrow → Workers said they would be working the next day.
• Future Perfect: – We will have terminate our study soon → Pupils said they would have terminated their study soon.
• Future Continuous Perfect: – We will have been playing → You said you would have been playing.

Изменение слов, показывающих на время или место действия, происходит следующим образом:

today → that day

tomorrow → the next day

the day after tomorrow → two days later

yesterday → the day before

the day before yesterday → two days before

next → following

last → previous

tonight → that night

Слева приводятся слова, используемые при непосредственном общении или в рамках цитат. Справа – когда вводится в английский косвенная речь . Как видно, просторечные и лингвистически простые языковые конструкции преобразуются в более книжные и заумные.

Никаких изменений не происходит во фразах, выражающих несомненный факт или прописную истину. В данном случае прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке выглядит или звучит одинаково. Например: She said that 22 June daylight is the longest (22 июня – самый длинный световой день). То же касается сослагательного наклонения (Subjunctive Mood), выражающему пожелание (не всегда реалистичное), предположение, возможность или сомнение. Например: It was proposed that the quality of production be improved (было предложено улучшить качество продукции). Еще один вариант, когда прямая и косвенная речь в английском совпадает – при передаче другому человеку слов, только что сказанных третьим. Поскольку они не успели «устареть», то и менять ничего не нужно.

Переход одних глаголов в другие касается тех, которые имеют формы прошлого времени, отличающиеся от употребляемых в настоящем:

• can (физическая возможность) → could;
• may (разрешение) → might;
• have to (долженствование) → had to.

Не претерпевают изменений must, ought и should, эти глаголы одинаковые в косвенной и прямой речи в английском . Однако, использование must зависит от выражаемого им смысла. Если это активный приказ или настойчивый совет, must сохраняется. При пассивной обязанности, из-за непреодолимых обстоятельств, must переходит в had to.

Косвенная речь в вопросительных предложениях

Вопросы подразделяются на общие (common) и специальные (special). Общие начинаются вспомогательным глаголом: Do или Did, Have или Had, и тому подобными. Специальные – одним из вопросительных слов: How, What, Where, When, и прочими. Когда задается вопрос, прямая и косвенная речь в английском соотносится по аналогичным правилам, что и утвердительные предложения. Сохраняется прежний порядок слов, при необходимости используется отрицание No, отрицательная частица not или сокращенное слитное написание словосочетаний: isn’t или aren’t, wouldn’t. Но также заменяются начальные слова в вопросах общего типа. Вместо Do или Have на первое место выносится союз if (если) или whether (ли). Кроме того, когда вводится в английский косвенная речь , в любых вопросах исчезает вопросительный знак.

– Do you play chess? → They asked if we played chess.

– Have you written this letter? → I asked them whether they had written this letter (я спросила их, написали ли они это письмо).

В специальных вопросах остаются неизменными вопросительные слова, в английский язык косвенная речь входит лишь с изменением знаков препинания, и по стандартным правилам для утвердительных предложений.

– When did you visited your friend? → Не asked when we had visited our friend.

– Can you call them? → She asked if we could call them. Вопрос может обращаться к одному собеседнику или нескольким, что обычно становится понятным из контекста. Слово you по сути не имеет определенного числа, хотя склоняется всегда, как используемое во множественном.

В кратких ответах косвенная и прямая речь в английском языке отличается. Yes и No пропускаются.

– They answered us: «Yes, we do». → They answered they did.

– You answered: «No, we don’t». → You answered that you did not.

Как обычно, Present Simple перешло в Past Simple.

Косвенная речь в побудительных предложениях

Повелительное наклонение выражает приказание или более мягкое указание, просьбу. При побуждении что-либо делать тоже используется косвенная речь, английский язык сравнительно прост в этом отношении: после вводной части ставится еще частица to c инфинитивом. И следует соблюдать правила, перечисленные в разделе, посвященном утвердительным предложениям.

– Teacher said, «Listen with attention!» → Teacher asked to listen with attention.

– Doctor said, «Be very careful outdoors!» → Doctor asked to be very careful outdoors.

Когда используется выражающая вежливую просьбу косвенная речь, английский глагол say переходит в ask или beg.

При выражении более строгого приказа применяются tell или order:

– Policeman said, «Leave this area!» → Policeman ordered to leave this area.

Слово Please пропускается:

– Driver said, «Please, give me ticket!» → Driver asked to give him ticket.

В побудительных предложениях с использованием отрицания частица not стоит перед to:

– Professor said, «Don’t come too late!» → Professor told not to came too late.

Итог

Если понадобится использовать косвенную речь, английский язык сложнее русского. Необходимо запомнить несколько правил, затем вовремя их применять. Наиболее трудный момент – изменение глагольных времен на перфектные или прошедшие. Изучающим иностранный стоит попрактиковаться в составлении утвердительных, вопросительных и побудительных предложений. Желательно употреблять не только самые популярные глаголы (to say), но и другие. Список некоторых из них был приведен ранее, хотя это лишь малая часть языкового богатства. Какие глаголы пригодны для употребления во вводной части (наподобие They said …), легко понять самостоятельно, просмотрев словарь или список. Это активные выражения, посвященные общению между людьми.

Если еще возникают затруднения, в крайнем случае можно использовать прямую цитату, передав ее письменно в кавычках или устно изменением тембра голоса и соответствующими паузами. Тогда ошибка исключается, и нет шансов показаться малообразованным человеком.

» Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения