Research work on why fog appears in the morning. Research project "fog as a natural phenomenon"
emergence
The work was done by a student of the 2nd
course
Anokhina Yana Tumaan - atmospheric
phenomenon, accumulation
water in the air when
tiny particles are formed
condensation products
water vapor (at
air temperature
above −10° -
tiny droplets
water, at −10..−15° -
a mixture of water droplets and
ice crystals, with
temperature below −15°
- ice crystals,
sparkling in the sun
rays or in the light of the moon and
lanterns). General information
Relative humidity
in fogs it is usually close to 100
% (at least exceeds
85-90%). However, in strong
frosts (−30° and below) in
settlements, on
railway stations and
fog may occur at airfields
be observed at any
relative air humidity
(even less than 50%) - due to
water vapor condensation,
formed during combustion
fuel (in engines, stoves, etc.)
etc.) and thrown into
atmosphere through the exhaust
pipes and chimneys.
Continuous duration
fogs usually range from
several hours (and sometimes
half an hour to an hour) to several days,
especially during the cold season
of the year. Fogs hinder
normal work of all
types of transport
(especially aviation)
so fog forecast
has a large national economic
value.Artificial
creating mists
used for scientific
research, in
chemical
industry,
heating engineering, combating
plant pests and
other areas. Types of fogs
The following types of fog are noted at weather stations:
Translucent
fog
Complete fog
underground fog Ground fog
Ground fog - fog, low
creeping over the earth
surface (or body of water)
a continuous thin layer or in
in the form of separate shreds, so that in
layer of fog horizontal
visibility is less than 1000
m, and at a level of 2 m - exceeds
1000 m (usually about
in haze, from 1 to 9 km, and sometimes
10 km or more). It is observed how
usually in the evening, night and
morning hours. Separately
ground ice observed
fog - observed at
air temperature below
−10..−15° and consisting of
ice crystals sparkling in
sun rays or moonlight
and lanterns. Translucent fog
Translucent fog - fog with
horizontal visibility at level
2m less than 1000m (usually it
is several hundred meters, and
in some cases it decreases even to
several tens of meters), weak
it is possible to determine the state of the sky
(number and shape of clouds). More often
observed in the evening, at night and in the morning,
but can also be observed during the day,
especially in the cold half of the year when
increasing air temperature.
Separately noted is the translucent
ice fog - observed during
air temperature below −10..−15° and
sparkling in the sun's rays or
light of the moon and lanterns. Complete fog
Fog - continuous fog with
horizontal visibility on
2 m level less than 1000 m (usually
it amounts to several hundred
meters, and in some cases
decreases even to several
tens of meters), enough
developed vertically, so
impossible to determine
state of the sky (amount and
cloud shape). More often
observed in the evening, at night and
in the morning, but can also be observed
during the day, especially in the cold
half a year if promoted
air temperature. Separately
there is freezing fog -
observed at temperature
air below −10..−15° and
consisting of ice crystals
sparkling in the sun's rays
or in the light of the moon and lanterns. Fog classification
By method
occurrence of fogs
are divided into two types:
Cooling fogs -
are formed due to
water condensation
steam during cooling
air below point
dew.dew
Mists of evaporation -
are vapors from
warmer
evaporative
surfaces in cold
air over bodies of water and
wet areas
sushi. Moreover, the fogs
vary in
synoptic
conditions
education:
Intra-mass -
emerging in
homogeneous
air masses.
Front -
formed on
borders
atmospheric
fronts. Massive fogs inside
Sea fog
Radiation mists
Advective fogs Radiation mists
fogs that appear in
as a result of radiation
cooling the earth's surface
and masses of wet ground
air to dew point. Usually
radiation fog occurs
at night in anticyclone conditions
in clear weather and
light breeze. Often
radiation fog occurs
under temperature conditions
inversion preventing
rise of air mass.
After sunrise
Radiation fogs are usually
quickly dissipate. However, in
cold season in
stable anticyclones they
can persist during the day, sometimes
many days in a row. IN
industrial areas may
an extreme form occurs
radiation fog - smog. Advective fogs
formed due to cooling
warm moist air when
moving over colder
surface of land or water. Their
intensity depends on the difference
temperatures between air and
underlying surface and
air moisture content. These
fogs can develop as above
sea and over land and cover
huge spaces, in separate
cases up to hundreds of thousands of km².
Advection fogs are usually
occur in cloudy weather and
most often in warm sectors
cyclones. Advective fogs
more stable than
radiation, and often not
dissipate during the day. Sea mists
advective fog,
arisen over the sea
during the transfer
cold air on
warm water. This
the fog is
mist of evaporation.
Fogs of this type
frequent, for example, in
Arctic, when the air
falls from the ice
cover on open
sea surface. Frontal and dry fogs
Frontal fogs
EditFrontal fogs form near
atmospheric fronts and move with them.
Saturation of air with water vapor occurs due to
evaporation of precipitation falling in the front zone. Some
plays a role in increasing fog before fronts
the drop in atmospheric pressure observed here,
which creates a slight adiabatic depression
air temperature.
Dry fogs
EditTo fogs in colloquial speech and in
fiction is sometimes referred to as the so-called
dry fogs (haze, haze) - significant deterioration
visibility due to forest, peat or steppe smoke
fires, either due to loess dust or part of the sand,
lifted and carried by the wind, sometimes for significant
distances, as well as due to industrial emissions
enterprises. The transitional stage between dry and
wet fogs - such fogs consist of water
particles together with sufficiently large masses of dust, smoke and
soot. These are the so-called dirty city fogs,
resulting from the presence of large quantities in the air
cities mass of solid particles emitted during combustion
smoke, and even more so - factory
pipes. Why does fog appear?
Many people would be interested
find out why it appears
fog and what it is like
is. Fog
usually called
meteorological phenomenon
during which in the air
high
water vapor concentration. IN
warm weather fog
represents
accumulation of small drops
water, and when cold to them
small ones are added
ice crystals that
in sunlight they can
shine. Mechanism of fog formation
Fog formation occurs at those moments
when cold air comes into contact with warm air
humidity more than 85%. In populated areas it is
the phenomenon can also occur with relatively
little humidity. This happens in
as a result of condensation of water vapor,
arising during combustion of various types
fuel. It should be noted that the origin
fog is not always natural, it can
be artificial. Similar mists carry
name of radiation. They are formed due to
cooling air under the influence of radiation.
Natural fogs are thicker
consistency than artificial ones, but
they can last from several
hours to several days. In fact, fog can
call a cloud that forms over
surface of the earth or water. Mostly fog
appears in lowlands and over water bodies early
in the morning or at night. Why is this happening?
exactly? This is due to the fact that when it is cold
air comes into contact with warm soil or water,
moisture begins to condense and a lot of
drops of water simply hang in the atmosphere. In
place where fog occurs, relative
Air humidity is approaching 100%. The structure of fog directly depends on temperature
air. At temperatures above -10 degrees cloud
consists of very small drops of water, from -10 to -15
degrees is a mixture of water and the smallest
ice crystals, if the temperature is below -15
degrees, then the cloud will consist entirely of
ice crystals. As for the populated
points, then the fog there will be denser due to
condensation of steam from exhaust gases. By level
visibility fogs can be divided into several
types: haze, ground, translucent and
solid. A very faint cloud is called a haze.
Ground fog is the one that spreads over
surface of water or land thin continuous
layer and has little effect on visibility. Visibility
with translucent fog it ranges from tens
up to hundreds of meters, but you can see through it
clouds, sky, moon and stars. As for the continuous
fog, then it is a whitish cloud,
through which it is almost impossible to see
even large objects at a distance of tens
meters. Being in it, you feel very noticeably
dampness, and also almost impossible to see
clouds, sky and sun. This phenomenon makes it difficult
movement of many types of transport, especially
airplanes.
MBOU "Secondary School № 6 With in-depth studying individual items"
G. Reutov
Research Job on topic:
"Mysterious Fog"
student 2 "D" class
Khapilov Artem
Olegovych
Supervisor:
teacher initial
classes MBOU "Secondary School
№ 6 With in-depth
studying individual
items"
Ivantsova Lyudmila
Alexandrovna
Reutov 2013
1. Introduction
2.Hypothesis
3.Research activity
3.1.About fog With scientific points vision
3.2.Fog around us
3.3.Influence fog on surrounding world: life alive organisms And
person
3.4.Conduct experimental research work
4.Conclusions
5.Literature
Environment us nature And her phenomena in All time interested the person. To me Same Very Interesting observe behind those What I I see around you. Natural phenomena – one from the most mysterious of things on our planet.
The main goal of my work – to know O nature fog.
To achieve this goal, you must complete the following
tasks:
to know O reasons emergence fog;
practical by make sure V correctness theoretical
arguments education fog,
install, which influence fog provides on life alive
organisms And person.
I I guess What:
- because the fog – This phenomenon nature, That He Maybe be one
from states water, like this How snow or rain;
- fog is formed because of difference temperature.
I decided conduct study By this problem: make sure of the practical by V reasons origin fog And to know O his influence on surrounding world.
Water V nature It happens V three states: hard, liquid And
gaseous
At this water constantly goes over from one state V other, forming
cycle water V nature.
Despite on enough exact image gyre water V nature,
on this drawing absent one Not required, But component
element process evaporation. AND element this called fog.
By data "Small academic dictionary", fog – This cluster
small water droplets or icy crystals V ground layers
atmosphere, doing air opaque.
By information, received me from articles V "Encyclopedias Brockhaus And
Efron", main cause of fog formation – evaporation water With warm
surfaces sushi or reservoirs V cold air.
Observe fog Can V different conditions:
In conditions
In modern
use
Cloud, rising above teapot With boiling water, Same Can name
fog, So How consists of it from the smallest droplets water.
IN winter time of the year Can observe fog iso mouth Warm air,
outgoing iso mouth, on frost is turning V the smallest droplets water,
forming cloud. Such same process Can observe V frosty
day, If Houses open window. By this same reason from exhaust pipes
car come from whole foggy clouds.
Having studied nature education fog, People learned reproduce
fog V artificial conditions, And found this worthy application.
Scientists invented whole generators, allowing reproduce Effect
fog. On today's day technique, With with help which get
artificial fog, Very popular. Especially at organizations
concert events And filming movie.
Systems fogging apply Also For cooling And
moisturizing surrounding environment V roast time of the year.
More artificial fog use V quality decorations.
Fog Maybe bring benefit And V home conditions.
For example, humidifier air or
medical inhaler
Despite on All useful properties fog, received artificial
by, beauty natural fog He hardly whether will replace. In time fog
cities become especially beautiful And mysterious. Many
photographers are trying capture these unforgettable moments.
Fog V London (Great Britain)
Fog V Switzerland
Fog V South African republic
Fog V Italy
Fog V Dubai (United Arabic Emirates)
Fog V New York (USA)
Fog in Vladivostok (Russia)
Fog V Reutov, Russia, autumn 2010, photographer Alexander Kuznetsov
Frequent And protracted fogs can become reason rotting
agricultural crops And provoke development diseases
plants. Struggle With these diseases Very expensive And labor-intensive.
Tomato, infected late blight
Because of bad visibility in time fog are closing airports And are happening
accidents on roads.
Fog dangerous Not only For plants And drivers various transport. He
Maybe apply harm anyone person. Especially people suffering allergies.
Dust And other harmful the smallest particles delayed V fog, And Human
forced this breathe. At strong pollution air, especially in summer, fog
Maybe contribute development smog, What negative way affects on
health of people.
Smog enveloped Moscow, 2010 year
EXPERIENCE No. 1
To conduct an experiment to prove the root cause
occurrence of fog, you will need:
1.Glass vessel, enduring temperature boiling water;
2. Boiling water;
3.Capacity with ice, which Maybe install on glass vessel.
1. The glass vessel needs to be half filled with boiling water.
water.
On a glass vessel filled with boiling water,
Place the mold with ice.
3. After a few seconds you can see how steam
coming from boiling water turns into tiny droplets
water, that is, FOG.
This happens due to the collision of hot steam with ice
surface of the mold.
So Here How
appears
fog!!!
After the temperature of the water and the surrounding air becomes
approximately the same, the fog disappears, that is, it turns back into steam and
continues its path in the water cycle in nature.
EXPERIENCE No. 2
To conduct the second experiment you will need:
Transparent glass bottle;
hot water;
Cube ice;
Dark blue or black paper.
1. The bottle needs to be filled with hot water
2. After 3 minutes you need to pour out the water, leaving a little at the bottom,
and place an ice cube on top of the neck of the bottle
Against the background of a sheet of dark paper you can see the following. Where
hot air rising from the bottom comes into contact with cooled air at
neck, a white cloud forms. Water vapor contained in the air
turns into tiny water droplets, that is, fog.
According to the results of the research work, I
confirmed the hypothesis and experimentally established:
1.Fog is one from states water.
2.Fog is formed because of collisions pair With
cold air.
3.Steam is turning V fog, A fog again V steam,
participating V the cycle water V nature.
4.Effect fog Maybe be useful V life
of people.
5.Natural fogs can cause
significant damage And call unfavorable consequences, But are
integral part nature.
1. Big book experiments For schoolchildren/Under ed. Antonella Meyani; Per. With it. E. AND.
Motyleva. – M.: Company "ROSMAN PRESS", 2010.
2. D. Pyle, P. Robson, Children's encyclopedia "Planet Earth", OOO "Publishing house "Eksmo" 2010.
3. Small academic dictionary Russian language (electronic version).
4. Moskvin A. G., Losev TO. WITH., Big encyclopedia nature "Water And air", "World books", 2004.
5. My first scientific experiments, "Publishing group "CONTENT", Slovakia, 2003.
6. Ambient world. 2 Class. Textbook For general education institutions/ A. A. Pleshakov. – M.:
Education, 2012.
7. School etymological dictionary Russian language. Origin words/ N. M. Shansky,
T. A. Bobrova. – 7th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2004.
8. Encyclopedia Brockhaus And Efron (electronic version).
Other sources:
1. Cognitive materials about surrounding world "World nature", OOO "New disk", 2008.
2. Video materials cognitive programs NEOKitchen, presented TV channel Carousel,
3. http://ru.vikipedia.org
4. www.rea.org.ua
5. www.delasuper.ru
The world is full of unknown secrets. In this work I will try to reveal one of them. The problem with the research is that people often confuse fog with steam. Obviously, there is nothing in common between them, because steam is a gas that is invisible. I decided to find out how fogs are made, what kind of fogs there are in Russia.
The relevance of our work is to study the features of the process of formation of water droplets that make up the fog. Social significance lies in the fact that thanks to this work people learn about the impact of fog on human life. What is important for me personally in my work is that I learn a lot of new things about water and its conditions. The practical significance of this work lies in modeling the photo exhibition “Mists of Russia” and using the results of the work in lessons about the world around us.
Files:
- Appendix: Secrets of nature. Formation of fog droplets at different temperatures Accessed January 30, 2018 3:16 pm (447.5 KB)
- Text of work: Secrets of nature. Formation of fog droplets at different temperatures Accessed January 30, 2018 3:16 pm (351.1 KB)
Expert assessment results
Expert map of the interdistrict stage 2017/2018 (Experts: 2)
Total points: 16.5
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
Project “Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena...” Performed by: Mikhail Barbanyaga, Alexandra Kosolapova, Mikhail Naumov. Pupils: 3rd grade Leader: Shulga I.V. primary school teacher Chekhov -2017
2 slide
Slide description:
Relevance Clouds play a big role in our lives. . Climate change depends on their quantity and quality. Rain, snow - these natural phenomena are closely related to clouds. Purpose of the work: Find out: - what physical processes underlie the formation of clouds and their movement, - why rain falls from clouds in summer and snow in winter. Conduct appropriate experiments to confirm the hypotheses. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
3 slide
Slide description:
Observe the types of clouds and classify them. Find out why evaporated water rises. Determine under what conditions it rains. Tasks Project Manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
4 slide
Slide description:
“You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described, they enjoy you without knowing what you are! It cannot be said that you are necessary for life! You are life itself!” Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
5 slide
Slide description:
We often watch the clouds. We observed them at different times of the year and at different times of the day. White swans live in the sky. Swans float smoothly across the sky. White feathers curl slightly. Hello, Swans - clouds Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
6 slide
Slide description:
Their bizarre shapes help you fantasize. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
7 slide
Slide description:
Why do clouds form? Why are they always so different? What makes them move across the sky and under what conditions does rain fall? These questions interested us. And to answer them we went to the library. Hypothesis: Clouds and storm clouds are made of water. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
8 slide
Slide description:
From a scientific article in the encyclopedia Project leader Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena...” “The cloud consists of very tiny droplets of water and ice crystals. The tiny droplets of water that make up the clouds merge into larger droplets, and the cloud darkens. Gradually the drops become heavier and fall out as rain.”
Slide 9
Slide description:
Warm air rises. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena...” To test this hypothesis, we conducted the following experiment: We poured water into a fireproof vessel and heated it to a boil. When water is heated to a boil, it turns into steam. It is lighter than air and rushes upward.
10 slide
Slide description:
The rising air cools and the steam turns into water droplets. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..." We held a chilled glass and saucer over a vessel with boiling water, soon droplets of water appeared on them, which gradually increased and fell
11 slide
Slide description:
Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
12 slide
Slide description:
“The water splashed merrily in its native sea element. But one day a crazy idea came into her head to reach the sky itself. She turned to the fire for help. With his scorching flame, he turned the water into tiny droplets of warm steam, which turned out to be much lighter than air. The steam immediately rushed upward, rising into the highest and coldest layers of air. Once in the sky-high heights, the droplets of steam became numb, so that they could not touch their teeth from the cold. To keep warm, they huddled closely together and, becoming slightly heavier than air, immediately fell to the ground in the form of ordinary rain. Sick with vanity, the water ascended to the sky, but was expelled from there. The thirsty earth swallowed up every drop of rain. And the water had to serve its punishment in the soil for a long time before it could return to the sea.” Leonardo da Vinci Project Manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
Slide 13
Slide description:
Watching the clouds, we thought: Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena...” “Are clouds really as light as we think?”
14 slide
Slide description:
Problem question: - Do clouds have mass? Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..."
15 slide
Slide description:
Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena…” - Clouds have mass. A large cloud can weigh several tons. Tiny droplets of water fall down all the time, but as they fall they evaporate again. And that's why the clouds never disappear. Inside the clouds, some of the droplets freeze, and powerful air currents push water droplets and ice pieces together. As a result, oppositely charged particles are formed in the cloud. Their accumulation leads to a lightning discharge, forming thunderclouds.
16 slide
Slide description:
Cirrus clouds Cirrus clouds are upper-tier clouds; they form only at altitudes above 6 kilometers. These are delicate clouds of white color, wavy or thread-like. Cirrus clouds never produce precipitation. But it is precisely these clouds that can tell you that in 12-36 hours the sky above you will be covered with solid clouds, which will bring with them heavy rains. Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena..." Cumulus clouds Cumulus clouds are very familiar to all of us. On clear summer days, these clouds appear in the sky by noon, slowly float somewhere and disappear by evening. These cumulus clouds have another name - fair weather cumulus clouds. Stratus Clouds Stratus clouds are a uniform gray layer of clouds that gives the entire sky the same gloomy, overcast appearance. These clouds may bring rain, but the rain will not be as heavy as the rain brought by nimbostratus clouds.
Slide 17
Slide description:
Fog Fog is opaque air saturated with water vapor. How are fogs formed? Project manager Shulga I.V. Theme: Clouds, fog, dew. Amazing natural phenomena...” Fog is something like a veil of tiny drops of water, sometimes mixed with smoke and dust. Sometimes the fog is so thick that it is very difficult, even impossible, to see anything, as if the clouds had descended to the ground. Fog forms when air cools and water vapor turns into water droplets. Over the sea, fog occurs when the air is warmer than the water.
18 slide
Finding yourself in the middle of a continuous white cloud, so dense that almost nothing can be distinguished at arm's length, you often ask yourself the question: why such a thick fog formed, why is it white and you begin to think about how long this phenomenon usually lasts, and also why any fog dissipates.
Fogs are formed when drops or ice crystals accumulate in the air in the lower layers of the atmosphere, due to which a cloud-like veil is formed along the earth's surface, limiting visibility so much that space beyond one kilometer is not visible, and in some cases objects become difficult to distinguish even at a distance several meters.
If the ambient temperature exceeds -10°C, the vapor blanket consists only of droplets. If the temperature fluctuates from -10 to -15°C, it is made up of water droplets and ice crystals, and when it is -15°C outside, the fog consists of small ice crystals, shimmering in the light of night lamps.
Why this phenomenon occurs is not difficult to answer: its appearance is due either to the evaporation of water from a warm surface into cold air, or to the cooling of warm air currents saturated with moisture. For example, the appearance of ground clouds can often be observed in the evening or in the morning after the temperature of the soil and vegetation (grass) drops; the lower layers of the atmosphere cool so much that they begin to release excess moisture in the form of water droplets.
Another example, this time in winter, is fog over a river, lake or other body of water, on the ice of which an ice hole has formed: in cold weather there is always a veil over it, spreading over the water surface. This happens because the temperature of the water during frost is warmer than the ice surrounding it and the air in contact with it (because of this, the air above the water is always warmer than the rest and there is almost always fog over the river in the area of the ice hole).
After warm air mixes with cold air currents, it begins to cool, releasing steam and forming a cloud at the very surface of the Earth. Therefore, the fog over the river and other bodies of water is usually stable and long-lasting: cold and warm air currents and currents constantly mix here.
A striking example of this phenomenon is the Canadian island of Newfoundland located in the Atlantic Ocean. Due to the fact that two currents collide with each other here – the warm Gulf Stream and the cold Labrador Stream, local residents are forced to spend about one hundred and twenty foggy days a year among the haze.
Formation of terrestrial clouds
When air saturated with water vapor cools or mixes with colder air currents, droplets begin to be released into the atmosphere. After this, if there are tiny particles of dust above the earth’s surface, they begin to stick to them, layering on top of each other and forming drops of larger sizes (the more dust in the air, the faster a cloud forms, so large cities are almost always shrouded in a weak, almost imperceptible veil) .
In the warm season, the size of such a drop ranges from 5 to 15 microns, during frosts - from 2 to 5 microns, so winter cold fog is not as thick as summer fog. As soon as the drops reach the required volumes, objects turn out to be blurry and difficult to distinguish: the air becomes whitish in heavy fog and bluish in light fog.
The answer to the question of why this phenomenon comes in different colors is simple: smaller droplets scatter short blue rays better, while in dense ground clouds larger droplets and light waves scatter all rays equally, regardless of their length.
The water content of such clouds usually does not exceed 0.5 g/m3, but sometimes dense fog can contain up to 1.5 g/m3 (this water is enough for plants to receive the necessary moisture, this is especially important for vegetation in the arid regions of the planet). How impenetrable the shroud will be depends largely on the humidity of the air, which is usually between 85 and 100% during the occurrence of ground clouds:
- if visibility does not exceed 50 meters, thick fog is observed, and the number of drops is 1200 per cubic centimeter;
- if the space is visible at a distance of 50 to 500 meters - moderate (water drops in this case from 100 to 600);
- if visibility is a kilometer - weak (drops - from 50 to 100).
Fogs are also common during frosts, and the phenomenon can be seen even when the humidity does not exceed fifty percent. They can usually be observed in cities, especially at railway and bus stations, where the haze is formed by steam that appears during the combustion of fuel and is released into the air through chimneys and exhaust pipes.
Kinds
Terrestrial clouds do not always owe their origin only to nature: a large number of fogs occur in cities, and therefore they consist not only of drops and dust, but also smoke, soot, which are emitted by factory or chimneys, or arise after or during fires, when a forest, peat or steppe burns. Based on their origin, meteorologists divide fogs into dry (smoke, soot, etc. are to blame for their formation) and wet (only water and dust are involved), and often the second form flows into the first.
In turn, wet fogs, the formation of which is directly influenced by nature - this is evening, night or morning fog (this period is optimal for the formation of clouds creeping along the ground), meteorologists are also divided into groups:
- Underground. Evening or morning fog that spreads low over the earth's surface or body of water (for example, fog over a river). The shroud may be continuous, or it may be in separate wisps, and visibility will not exceed a kilometer.
- Translucent. Despite the fact that visibility along the surface is low and in some cases does not exceed several meters, clouds can be clearly distinguished in the sky. This type includes night, evening, and morning fog.
- Solid. Visibility of dense fog is very limited and often does not exceed fifty meters. The sky is almost invisible, so it is almost impossible to distinguish clouds. This is mainly evening, night and morning fog, and during cold weather when temperatures rise, cold fog can be seen during the day.
Why do fogs disappear?
The duration of this phenomenon varies and can range from half an hour to several days (especially during cold weather or when warm and cold air and water currents collide, for example, fog over a river). The main reason why any fog dissipates is the air warming up. Since the veil forms near the surface, after the sun's rays warm it up, the air also heats up, as a result of which the droplets evaporate and turn into steam.
The higher above the earth's surface, the weaker the fog dissipates, since in the upper layers of the atmosphere the air temperature begins to drop again, the steam transforms into water droplets and forms clouds.
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