Anokhina Svetlana Alexandrovna birthday. If people meet each other halfway, problems can be avoided

Inevitability.

Yellow Waltz. Yellow leaves are spinning. It’s as if there’s nothing more to say... Silence and calm seem to fill everything. And this is the sky, whitened by the sun, so that it seems that it is the height of summer, although in fact nature is tired... Tired of the riot of colors around, tired of the scorching sun, heat, and now she is quietly throwing off this fatigue along with leaves to be reborn, relax, gain strength and explode with youth and beauty in the spring. The sun has become kinder, warmer and softer. Summer is leaving. Silence filled the small town located near the road. Only the measured whisper of leaves disturbed by a light breeze reminds us of life here. Moreover, sometimes an old, dilapidated van passing by breaks the silence with a rumble and a cloud of dust. On the edge of the town, under the shadow of ancient oak trees, a small house hid, perched on its right side. In front of it is a rickety large old terrace, once painted azure, although now the color can only be discerned in some places. A few steps from the door, swaying and emitting a quiet creaking sound, an old rocking chair awaits its owner. With every breeze, crimson and yellow leaves, slowly spinning, as if waltzing, lie like a carpet on the roof. The curtains in the open windows sway gently. No voices or children's hubbub can be heard. It seems that silence itself has settled in this shack. On the right, a winding path wanders and stretches towards it, on the other side there is a wide field, here and there bright yellow alfalfa is visible like small lights, and in the distance rises a bewitching forest, also beginning to turn yellow. Suddenly, some bird, flying up from a branch, will disturb the silence or the cuckoo will start counting... but even all this movement is not capable of disturbing the peace and solitude that reigns in this forgotten place. A faint shuffling sound is heard, then more and more clearly. And then an old woman comes out onto the terrace, leaning on a stick. A faded cotton scarf covers her head, and here and there gray strands of long hair emerge from under it. She is wearing an old blue dress with long sleeves, and a woolen scarf on top covers her bent shoulders. Shuffling her sore feet, shod in soft galoshes, she approaches her chair and, leaning heavily on a stick, sits down in it. I'm tired by the time I get there. She sat down and raised her face to the sky. Her faded eyes were looking somewhere high, her face, dotted with wrinkles like furrows, was thoughtful and calm. A large red cat came out of the door of the house, quietly stepping with soft pads of its paws, approached the old woman, yawned, sharpened its claws, jumped onto its knees, purring, and, like a proprietor, laying its head on her hand, fell asleep. The chair sways quietly, the leaves rustle occasionally, and the cat purrs almost inaudibly. And the old woman still looks at the sky, beyond the floating clouds. What are her thoughts about? Unknown. Maybe he remembers his long-gone youth, his beauty, his past life. Did she live here all the time or, perhaps, shone in high society, and by the will of fate was thrown into this God-forsaken place. We can only guess. Her whole pose and her whole appearance express calmness, the passing of time. So she lives out her life here. Occasionally the milkman and the postman come to see her, although no one has written to her for a long time. So she sits day after day, living her autumn... ......autumn of nature, autumn of life... August 8, 2007

At the regular meeting of the Collegium of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism, which took place in early March, the participants received the message of S.A. with great interest. Anokhina - Assistant to the Chairman of the COMM for the preservation and use of cultural heritage objects. Svetlana Alexandrovna spoke about the organization of work to assist monasteries in preserving architectural complexes that they own or use. They also discussed the interaction of monasteries with government agencies for the protection of monuments, the development of practical recommendations regarding restoration work, and the provision of legal assistance to resolve issues related to legislation in the field of cultural heritage protection.

The editors of the site asked Svetlana Alexandrovna to tell us more about her work and what problems this activity can help monasteries solve.

Svetlana Alexandrovna, you told so many useful things at the meeting of the Board of the Synodal Department. His Eminence Bishop Theognost blessed that this information become available to a wide range of monastics concerned about the construction and preservation of their monasteries. Therefore, we ask you to answer the questions on the official website of the Department. Please tell our readers what you do.

Currently, I am an assistant to His Eminence Archbishop Theognost on issues of compliance with legislation in the field of preserving cultural heritage sites and issues of interaction with UNESCO, since the ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra has been recognized as a UNESCO monument since 1992. As for the activities of the Department for Monasteries and Monasticism, here I am also trying to use my experience in the state system of monument protection in relation to monastic complexes, because quite a lot of issues related to legislation in the field of cultural heritage preservation arise. Monastic complexes include monuments of different levels. They may include objects of cultural heritage of both federal and local regional significance. It is necessary to resolve, as far as possible, the issues of organizing restoration work and financing these objects. Although, when I started doing this work, I immediately noted that in almost all monasteries there are people who are ready to devote time and effort to the protection of monuments and restoration: the governors and abbots have such assistants. We are now trying to organize these people and cooperate with them. Experience and knowledge of monuments is especially important when drawing up plans for restoration work on objects of the monastery ensemble. Depending on the priorities in restoration, an application campaign is built. Monasteries submit applications for restoration work through the Synodal Department. We review letters from stauropegic monasteries with supporting documents, then they are sent as a single application to the Moscow Patriarchate. With the blessing of the Chairman of the Financial and Economic Administration of the Moscow Patriarchate, Archbishop Mark of Yegoryevsk, a consolidated application is formed in the Administration and submitted for consideration to His Holiness the Patriarch. Just the other day we sent a general consolidated application for stauropegic monasteries.

As I already said, I would like to make the most of my experience gained in the system of protection of cultural heritage sites, where I worked for more than twenty years. I started in the 90s as the chief specialist in the protection of monuments - in the Committee for Culture of the Moscow Region. After the transformation of the Committee into the Ministry of Culture, she oversaw the industry for twelve years as Deputy Minister of Culture for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage in the Moscow Region. Throughout the years of my working career, we worked very closely with the Moscow diocese. The Coordination Council, created back in 2004 with the blessing of His Eminence Bishop Juvenal, still operates in the region, at which many issues of preserving the monuments of church architecture near Moscow are resolved. So now I want all this experience to be useful.

Let's hope it works out. You said at the Collegium that the position of ancient guardians has now been established in dioceses. Tell me, why is this necessary, are there already such people, and what do they do? Is it possible to organize cooperation with them? How is this blessing of the hierarchy carried out?

Last year, in December, at the proposal of the Patriarchal Council for Culture, the position of diocesan archaeologist was established. In more than thirty dioceses it must be included in the state. This was recommended by His Holiness the Patriarch. In a report at a recent bishops' meeting, the Patriarch emphasized the responsibility of the priesthood for the cultural and historical potential of the Russian Orthodox Church. In general, it is very gratifying that His Holiness pays so much attention to the preservation of cultural heritage, and concrete steps are being taken in this direction. It was at the meeting that the importance of the position of ancient guardian was once again emphasized. What does the introduction of this position mean? According to the decision of the Synod1, the ancient guardian is entrusted with control over the preservation of historical and cultural monuments - real estate objects with associated works of iconography, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied art and other items of church heritage owned or used by dioceses. Many dioceses have also been engaged in similar activities for a long time, for example, in the Moscow diocese there has been a The Diocesan Department for Restoration and Construction (EOREST), which is headed by Archpriest Konstantin Ostrovsky, dean of the churches of the Krasnogorsk district, rector of the Assumption Church of Krasnogorsk. The ancient guardian of the Moscow diocese is Deputy Chairman of EOREST, Hieromonk Seraphim (Golovanov). Department conducts quite active work, close cooperation is carried out with state authorities for the protection of monuments (in the Moscow region this is the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow region). In principle, the establishment of the position of diocesan archivist is a very good trend aimed at closer mutual understanding and cooperation between the Church and the state.

The first task of such specialists is to establish connections between government agencies and the diocese, between the diocesan hierarchy and the priesthood - the rectors of churches and monasteries. We can say that the ancient guardian is a bridge between the state and the Church. Of course, people appointed to this position must have some basic knowledge in the field of architecture, restoration, museum affairs, and knowledge of legislation. Difficulties, as we know, sometimes arise in interaction with museum workers, since quite a lot of churches are still occupied by cultural institutions, and this is a separate topic - the preservation of such objects. When carrying out work on monuments, there are many cases of violation of legislation on the protection of cultural heritage. However, parishes often carry out these actions out of ignorance (they did not receive permission on time, filled out documents incorrectly, something else...) To exclude these cases, it is necessary to familiarize the clergy with the basics of legislation on the protection of monuments. Under the Patriarchal Council for Culture, together with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, short-term training courses for diocesan ancient guardians will be organized for the first time. The courses are supposed to be held twice a year at the Moscow Sretensky Monastery. This year it is also planned to publish a manual on topics related to the restoration of various types of movable and immovable property for religious purposes. It is precisely intended to become a textbook for both ancient guardians and diocesan priests

Please tell us more about this benefit.

It's actually quite a lengthy book with nine chapters. Experts in the field of history, archeology, restoration, architecture, and painting took part in the compilation of the manual. Famous names: Andrei Leonidovich Batalov - historian of church architecture, doctor of art history, deputy general director of the Moscow Kremlin museums, member of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Council for Heritage Protection; Unfortunately, Vladimir Dmitrievich Sarabyanov, who recently died, is a prominent art critic, an unsurpassed authority in the field of restoration of monumental church painting; a wonderful archaeologist, famous scientist Leonid Andreevich Belyaev... We tried in a brief, accessible form, literally step by step, to show the main actions that, for example, a rector who received a church in a parish should carry out. Down to simple advice: how to protect the roof, how to remove snow, what to do with paintings if they are suddenly discovered, how to deal with icons - how to store them, how to deal with candle soot... There is a section dedicated to typical violations and mistakes. A separate section considers the issues of preserving the territories of temples and protecting them from spontaneous development.

Yes, since the 90s, more than one generation of priesthood has been restoring our desecrated shrines. This is amazing, this has never happened anywhere before - in less than 25 years, more than 800 monasteries have been restored and rebuilt. The process is now entering its final stage, but there are still many problems.

− The manual also covers legislative issues: what laws exist in the field of preserving cultural heritage, how can a rector interact with government agencies, how to obtain permission to carry out repair and restoration work? This scares many people - it seems that it is too difficult, time-consuming and financial. And as a result of a lack of knowledge and information, parishes choose not a simple legal path, but some other one, so that then difficulties arise, the solution of which requires even more effort and time. According to the new legislation, large fines are imposed for repairs carried out in the temple without the approval of the state authority for the protection of monuments. This also applies to issues of preserving the territory, installing temporary structures, and so on...

Also in the Manual there will definitely be an appendix - samples of the necessary documents, forms for obtaining permits for carrying out work, etc. I mentioned new legislation: just recently, in January, a new edition of Federal Law 73-FZ on the protection of cultural heritage sites (historical monuments and culture). One of the new provisions of the Law is the notification nature of the protective obligation for a transferred religious monument. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation is now preparing a new form of such a protective obligation, which should come into force by the end of this year. I think then we will have to additionally release a selection of the latest documents with comments.

And of course, in the appendix to this publication we talk about the history of ancient repositories. How the matter of protecting monuments developed, how in the 19th century issues were resolved, for example, heating in churches, issues of their restoration, how the area of the temple expanded with an increase in the flock... The book will be illustrated. We hope it will be out by early summer.

You said that the manual devotes space to the interaction of the Church, in particular monasteries, with museums.

Yes, a whole section is devoted to this issue. This is important for monasteries. Moreover, we are talking here not only about real estate, but also about problems associated with the transfer of movable property - icons, for example.

Are there any positive examples of such interaction?

Two years ago, a unique event occurred - the miraculous image of St. Nicholas of Zaraisk, painted in 1513, returned to Zaraysk. Namely, in one of the cathedrals of the Zaraisk Kremlin, this icon, especially revered by believers, was kept for several centuries. After the revolution, the icon was transferred to the storage of the local history museum, from where in 1966 the relic was sent for restoration to the Andrei Rublev Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art, where it was kept in recent years. The icon of St. Nicholas of Zaraisk was returned to the fund of the Zaraisk Kremlin museum, and then, under an agreement on the transfer of a museum object of religious purpose for free use to the Orthodox parish of St. Nicholas Cathedral in the city of Zaraysk, it was transferred to the Church. Before the transfer, specialists from the Russian Ministry of Culture took a high-precision photograph of the icon to record its condition. Representatives of the Zaraisk museum checked the icon with its existing description, and both parties signed an act of transfer of the shrine. In the Andrei Rublev Museum, the icon was installed in a special protective capsule, tested and approved by the State Research Institute for Restoration.

The Church fulfilled all the conditions the state set for the preservation of this masterpiece, and we describe this in detail, as an example, in our manual.

If people meet each other halfway, problems can be avoided. There is positive experience, again in the Moscow diocese: between the diocese and the state body for the protection of monuments, which is the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region, there is an Agreement signed back in 2006 by the then Minister of Culture Galina Konstantinovna Ratnikova and His Eminence Metropolitan Juvenaly. As part of this Agreement, we have always strived to communicate more and organized trips with specialists to the deanery. I think that this principle can be applied in the work of the Synodal Department. Many issues are better resolved not in correspondence, not with the help of directives, but in communication: to gather such a “landing party” of specialists - architects, archaeologists, engineers and directly on the spot, in the deanery or in the monastery, to discuss difficult issues.

One example from previous experience of such trips: in the Moscow region, in the Volokolamsk region, there is the stauropegial Joseph-Volotsky Monastery. There is the famous, unfortunately destroyed - blown up in 1941 - bell tower. Until now, the issue of its restoration does not have a clear solution, although project documentation has been developed. There are two options: either restore it in the same place, but then we will damage the original surviving remains of the existing monument... Or restore it in a new place. To resolve this issue, visits of the Scientific Methodological Council under the leadership of Andrei Leonidovich Batalov were repeatedly organized, but for now the issue remained open. There were also less global tasks: registration of land plots, development, compliance with legislation in protected zones. All this was decided on such trips, which were constantly practiced in the Moscow region.

Does this mean that the Church, represented by the Synodal Department, now has a consulting body that can provide assistance on issues of preserving cultural heritage to both stauropegial and diocesan monasteries?

Of course, if there is a blessing and the will of God. You can gather specialists and create some kind of system. During the meeting of the Board, a proposal was also made to conduct training on-site seminars. You can think about this question too.

In principle, if there is such a request, are you ready to answer it?

I think we are ready to respond to it. Because, in general, there are such specialists - there are not so many restorers, we all know each other. Many of them are believers (it is impossible, in my opinion, to engage in ancient art and not be a believer), and this, it seems to me, is the main thing that will allow us to achieve what we want. ...Just so as not to find ourselves in the role of “bosses” telling the priests what they should do - namely, with practical advice to help churches and monasteries in solving specific issues.

Svetlana Alexandrovna, you said at the Board that churches must be treated not only as the house of God, but also as property, and this property must be taken care of - protected, restored. And often this is difficult: some have philanthropists, others do not... You mentioned the existence of various kinds of programs with the help of which you can receive funds from the state for the restoration and restoration of monasteries. Could you elaborate on this in a little more detail?

Firstly, as we have already said, the issues of financing restoration and construction work in the Moscow Patriarchate are dealt with by the Financial and Economic Administration, headed by Archbishop Mark of Yegoryevsk. The most important state program, on the basis of which, at the Federation level, measures for the preservation of monuments, including monastery complexes, are financed, is “Culture of Russia (2012-2018).” The customer for the federal target program is the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. Deputy Minister Grigory Ulyanovich Pirumov is in charge of this program. I have already said that the application campaign is currently underway. Just the other day we sent a general consolidated application for stauropegic monasteries for 2016 to the Economic Administration of the Moscow Patriarchate. I would like to say that many monasteries cooperate very successfully with government programs. Of course, mostly large ones - such as Danilov, St. John the Baptist, Mother of God of the Nativity in Moscow, and the Resurrection New Jerusalem Monastery in the Moscow region. Vivid examples of the restoration of monastic complexes thanks to state federal programs are the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, as well as Solovki and Valaam.

What is really important is that the monastery has control over the situation regarding objects that need restoration. It is imperative to carry out design work; without this, it is very difficult to get involved in financing restoration activities. They rarely give money for design work. Basically, monasteries perform them at their own expense. According to the law, for the restoration of any monument it is necessary that there be an agreed preliminary restoration design. If it is a regional monument, then it is agreed upon with the regional authority for the protection of monuments, if it is federal, then with federal authorities. Just as important draft subject of protection, that is, what needs to be protected in this monument. And, of course, estimates are required for the requested amount of financing. Estimates must undergo examination.

Some monasteries, for example Danilov, have been doing this work for a long time, and they, of course, have all the documentation. In general, it’s better to make the documentation once - then you can work on it step by step, the work spread out over several years. That is, the mechanism for inclusion in the main federal program “Culture of Russia” is clear. We collect all these documents with the Financial and Economic Department, prepare a report to His Holiness the Patriarch, and with his blessing, the objects are included in the program.

Subjects of the federation have programs to support monuments; heritage sites can be financed through city and municipal subsidies, and funds can be received from there. And, in general, it’s not that difficult either. There are also deputy corps programs in the center and regions. Since 2006, the “Historical Memory” project of the United Russia party has been running. It also includes issues of preservation and restoration, but this project has a certain social, patriotic orientation - the restoration of temple-monuments, primarily related to the heroic history of our country. At the same time, many church facilities were financed under this program: the Cathedral of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God in St. Petersburg, the monastery of St. Savva of Storozhevsky. It seems to me that this project is not yet being used actively enough, and perhaps we will take up this topic - the inclusion of significant objects in the “Historical Memory” program.

Where can I read more about these programs?

The “Culture of Russia” program, both the Moscow one and the regional programs, are posted on the website of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The “Historical Memory” program is on the website of the United Russia party. As for the documents required for inclusion in the programs, in principle, they are the same everywhere: there must be an extract from the register stating that the property is federal or regional; confirmation that this is a monument is required, and, as I already said, agreed upon design and estimate documentation is needed.

You mentioned recent changes in legislation...

On January 22 of this year, a new version of the Federal Law “On Objects of Cultural Heritage, Historical and Cultural Monuments of the Russian Federation” came into force. Firstly, it provides - which is very important for the Church - the right not only of the Russian Federation, but also of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as municipalities, at the expense of their budgets, to provide financial support for work on the preservation of cultural heritage sites, owned religious organizations. Previously, monuments owned by any institutions or religious organizations were financed by the owner and were not included in the programs. Now, according to the new law, if a religious object is owned by a religious organization, it can be financed from the state budget. I think this is a very important innovation. In fact, it is obvious that changing the form of ownership of a cultural heritage object does not deprive this object of historical and cultural value.

How is this law implemented? Through programs?

Implementation again through programs. State budgets - only through programs. Another new version of the Federal Law provides for such a type of place of interest as religious-historical place. (And a place of interest is a type of monument that represents a preserved historical landscape as a certain territory. For example, the Borodino Field, or Ancient Radonezh.) Objects of cultural heritage should be subject to state protection within the boundaries of a religious and historical place, as well as, as stated in the Law, and the activities of religious organizations - this also needs to be protected in these places in accordance with their charters and internal regulations. The regime of a religious-historical place will allow it to be considered as a single whole. For example, such large cultural natural complexes as the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Solovetsky, Valaam, New Jerusalem monasteries will establish their own modes of activity. Here it is important that the Patriarchate and dioceses interact with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and develop the necessary by-laws that will determine the mechanism for implementing the Law.

Please tell me, are you interested in doing this?

I am a restorer, I graduated from the Faculty of Architecture of the State University of Land Management (then MIIZ) in 1982, and in all subsequent years I have been and have been studying this topic. She began her work at the Central Restoration Workshops of the Soyuzrestavratsiya, which in those years were located in the Andronikov Monastery in Moscow, and worked on such famous objects as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. I had the opportunity to communicate with the great restorers of that time - Sergei Sergeevich Podyapolsky, for example. So, of course, it’s interesting. I will not speak high words about preserving the heritage, but we are the descendants of those who lived before us and at the same time the predecessors of those who will live after us. It is important that the connecting thread between different generations is not interrupted. The most important thing is not to think that we will create something better, new, but to act like a doctor taking an oath “do no harm.” The monument is a document of the era. If we interfere with its historical component, disrupt it, we will break this connection and will not convey something important to the next generation.

We must preserve the heritage, but preserve it while developing it, painlessly introducing history into modern life. Yes, before, for example, many churches were not heated. But people change. Now in winter they will no longer serve in the cold; I want there to be heating. Then let's carry it out in such a way that it does not violate the sacred space of the temple. Because sometimes it happens like this: when you enter a church, there is gold and marble floors everywhere, like in the subway... But there is no spirit. But here, perhaps, the new martyrs served, and on this old salt, perhaps, the priest who died for the Orthodox faith read sermons. All this needs to be remembered. But, in fairness, I want to say that in more than twenty years of working to preserve the heritage, I have not met either priests or bishops who did not understand this and cared only about improving the property. First of all, the priests try to preserve the spirit of the House of God. Therefore, I believe that if problems arise with the protection and use of the temple as a historical and cultural monument, they can be solved by systematically working with the monasteries, and then there will be no conflict situations.

It is assumed that the clergy should have a fairly high cultural level...

Yes, sure. On the other hand, what does a high level mean... Of course, it is very good when Archpriest Pavel Kartashov, a candidate of philological sciences, church historian, writer, serves in the Church of the Transfiguration in Bolshie Vyazemy, in the estate where Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin spent his childhood. This is a great success for both the temple and the museum, which exist together. Also, a wonderful priest serves in the Muranovo Church (in the Muranovo estate in the Pushkin district, associated with the names of Baratynsky - Tyutchev) - abbot Feofan (Zamesov). But I think that all the same, bishops appoint people to such places who correspond to their position. Somehow, with God’s help, everything works out.

- It is known that museum workers are reluctant to leave the monasteries that were transferred to them during the Soviet period. Have you encountered this?

Yes. We, of course, encountered such a problem. But, again, returning to the experience of the Moscow diocese, I want to say that there is a very good positive example - this is the celebration of the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture in Kolomna in 2007. There are a huge number of churches and monasteries in Kolomna: Bobrenev Monastery, Novo-Golutvin Convent, Epiphany Staro-Golutvin Monastery. When preparing for the holiday, of course, I wanted to restore more churches; for this purpose, a special state program was adopted in the Moscow region. At that time, the Archangel Michael Cathedral at the entrance to Kolomna was occupied by the city local history museum. The solution was found together - through the prayers of His Eminence Bishop Yuvenaly, through the joint efforts of the city and the region, not only the temple was vacated, but the museum also moved to a restored city estate in the center of Kolomna. If desired, all issues are resolved. In the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, for example, the abbot of the monastery, His Eminence Bishop Theognost, is the director of the Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum. This also has a beneficial effect on the development of the reserve and removes many questions.

All requirements are met, all conditions are met. Does the Ministry of Culture have any complaints against the management of the museum complex?

The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation often visits the Lavra, observing the order and organization of the preservation of cultural heritage. Taking this opportunity, I would like to thank the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation for the assistance provided in preparing the celebration of the 700th anniversary of St. Sergius, for control and methodological support. A huge amount of work has been done to restore the Lavra’s monuments. Lavra has completely transformed. A very large amount of work was completed in a short time. These works were led by the federal architect of the Lavra, Sergei Vasilyevich Demidov. In the museum in the Horse Yard, which is located outside the monastery, a magnificent exhibition “And the Candle Did Not Go Out” began its work, dedicated to the image of St. Sergius, captured in works of ancient Russian art. The exhibition, by the way, is still active.

During the archaeological work, the remains of the first Russian generalissimo Alexei Shein were discovered, and now his grave is located next to the Spiritual Church, and there is a cross at the burial site. We have already contacted the Ministry of Defense with a request for assistance in creating a worthy tombstone. An illustrated publication is currently being prepared, which will tell in detail what was done for the anniversary of the Hegumen of the Russian Land in the Holy Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. All this is clear evidence that we currently have opportunities for cooperation between the Church and the state in preserving cultural heritage.

Interviewed by Ekaterina Orlova

Questions to Svetlana Aleksandrovna Anokhina can be sent to:

1. Regulations on the position of the diocesan archaeologist. The document was adopted at a meeting of the Holy Synod on December 25, 2014 (journal No. 132).

First Deputy Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region

Murashov Andrey Yurievich

Supervises issues:

* implementation of measures to ensure conditions for the development of professional art;

* issues of development of art education in the Moscow region;

*organizational work in the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region:

Organization of current and long-term planning of the Ministry’s activities;

Preparation of proposals from the Ministry for the calendar plans of major events of the Government of the Moscow Region;

Issues of passing civil servants of the Ministry of State Civil Service;

Preparation and conduct of the Board of the Ministry.

Murashov A.Yu. born May 15, 1968. In 1990 he graduated from the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical Institute with a degree in teaching history, social studies, state and law.

From 1989 to 1992 in Komsomol work: deputy secretary of the Komsomol committee of the pedagogical institute, secretary of the Yaroslavl city Komsomol committee, first secretary of the Kirov district Komsomol committee of the city of Yaroslavl.

From 1992 to 2004 - worked in the mayor's office of Yaroslavl in the positions: specialist in the youth affairs department, specialist, chief specialist, deputy head of the cultural department.

From 2004 to 2009 - director of the municipal unitary enterprise "City Park of Culture and Leisure".

From 2009 to 2012 – Deputy Mayor of Yaroslavl for social policy and culture.

In April 2013, he was appointed to the position of First Deputy Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region.

He has the class rank of State Councilor of the Moscow Region, 3rd class.

Anokhina Svetlana Alexandrovna

Supervises issues:

* implementation by the Ministry of measures for state protection of cultural heritage sites;

* implementation by the Ministry of state control in the field of conservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects;

* carrying out work to survey, preserve and reconstruct lost cultural heritage sites, carry out technical supervision and control over their implementation;

In 1982 she graduated from the Moscow Institute of Land Management Engineers with a degree in architecture.

She began her career in 1977. She held positions: architect, chief specialist, deputy head of the Department for the Protection and Use of Monuments of the Committee on Culture and Tourism.

In 1997, she was appointed head of the Department for the Protection and Use of Cultural Monuments of the Committee on Culture.

In 2003, she was appointed to the position of Deputy Minister of Culture of the Government of the Moscow Region of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region.

Heads the Commission for the Study and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region.

Has the class rank of State Councilor of the Moscow Region, 1st class.

Awarded:

medal of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland, II degree”;

insignia “For services to the Moscow region”;

Order of the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Innocent Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna III degree.

Deputy Minister of Culture of the Government of the Moscow Region

Gorushkina Svetlana Nikolaevna

Supervises issues:

* on the development of measures and implementation of library science mechanisms in the Moscow region;

* on coordinating the creation of state autonomous cultural institutions in the Moscow region by changing the type;

* informatization of the cultural sphere;

* organizing work on the introduction of public-private partnership mechanisms and the development of small businesses in the field of culture in the Moscow region;

* to coordinate work on intermunicipal interaction on cultural issues in the Moscow region.

In 1985 she graduated from Kalinin State University with a degree in history.

She began her career in 1979. Positions held:

Head of the Department of Culture of the Omsukchan District Committee, Head of the Culture Department of the Administration of the Omsukchan District Executive Committee, Director of the Center for Folk Art and Leisure of the Department of Culture of the Administration of the Magadan Region, Director of the Producer Center Baltic-Straz LLC, Head of the Department of Regional and National Cooperation, Deputy Director of the Federal State Institution "State Russian House" folk art."

Since 2005, she held the position of Deputy Director of the Department of Culture, Deputy Director of the Department of State Policy of the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.

In January 2008, she was appointed to the position of Deputy Minister of Culture of the Government of the Moscow Region.

Has the class rank of State Councilor of the Moscow Region, 2nd class.

Awarded:

medal "For achievements in culture".

He has the title “Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation”, an academic degree – Candidate of Sociological Sciences.

Deputy Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region

Kosareva Oksana Valentinovna

Supervises issues:

* organization of financial and economic activities of the Ministry

(development of a forecast for the socio-economic development of the Moscow region in terms of indicators in the cultural sector, ensuring the fulfillment of the functions of the Chief Manager of the regional budget funds in the cultural sector, developing standards for the cost of municipal services and other issues);

* implementation by the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region and subordinate institutions of public procurement;

* maintaining accounting and budget records.

In 1998 she graduated from the Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics with a degree in statistics.

She began her career in 1992 at the Moscow Regional Committee on Statistics. Positions held: 1st category specialist, chief specialist.

From June 1, 2000 to September 30, 2002 - work at the Ministry of Economy of the Moscow Region as a consultant, deputy head of department.

In October 2002, she was accepted into the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region as deputy head of the department for development and coordination of programs; in 2003, she was appointed to the position of head of the department of economic development and investment policy.

In March 2005, she was appointed to the position of head of the Department of Budget Planning and State Procurement; in 2008, she was appointed to the position of Head of the Department of Budget Planning and Public Procurement.

In April 2013, she was appointed to the position of Deputy Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region.

He has a class rank - State Councilor of the Moscow Region, 1st class.

In 2009, he was awarded the honorary title “Honored Economist of the Moscow Region.”

Awarded:

Letter of gratitude from the Governor of the Moscow Region;

signs of the Governor of the Moscow Region “Thank you”;

Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation;

insignia of the Governor of the Moscow Region “For services to the Moscow Region.”

Kutsenko Elena Vladimirovna

Place of Birth

Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo region.

Education

– Faculty of History, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. Lenin;

– Faculty of Law of the International Law Institute under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation;

– advanced training under the programs of the Civil Registry Office under the President of the Russian Federation (2006, 2011).

For fourteen years she worked at the Sergiev Posad State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve (head of the sector, head of the fine arts department, deputy director for exhibition activities), was engaged in the scientific acquisition of the collection of fine arts, iconography of the monastery and the city.

Sphere of scientific interests is the study of the history of fine art of the 20th century, the study of events and phenomena of provincial artistic life, primarily the Moscow region of the 20-40s. At the same time, with the study of archives, she conducted a search for the artistic heritage of forgotten authors, which resulted in the organization of a number of exhibitions and publications.

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From 1999 to the present - in the apparatus of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region as head of the Department for the Preservation and Popularization of Cultural Heritage.

Member of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation since 1993.

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Member of the Russian Committee of the International Council of Museums (IKOM Russia) since 2003.

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Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation

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Despite many problems, including the difficult economic situation in our country, Russian monasteries today understand that the time has come for a holistic, integrated approach to the restoration of unique architectural monastic complexes. Assistant to the Chairman for the Preservation and Use of Cultural Heritage S.A. spoke about how to overcome difficulties in the restoration of monuments. Anokhina.

— Svetlana Alexandrovna, you and I met last fall, when a single application for the restoration of cultural heritage from stauropegial monasteries that met all the requirements was formed and considered by a commission of the Moscow Patriarchate. The list of monasteries that had passed this commission was at that moment under consideration by His Holiness the Patriarch. Then, after the list was approved by His Holiness, it was to be sent to the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which is holding a competition in order to select reliable contractors for restoration work. What is the situation today?

— Unfortunately, not all monasteries whose applications were approved by the Financial and Economic Administration of the Moscow Patriarchate received funding this year. Let me remind you: it is part of the Federal Target Program “Russian Culture (2012-2018)”. More than 20 stauropegial monasteries and Patriarchal metochions took part in the application campaign for 2016. According to calculations, about 1 billion rubles were required for their needs, that is, to finance design, emergency response and repair and restoration work aimed at preserving the objects of the Russian Orthodox Church - historical and cultural monuments. But with the blessing of His Holiness the Patriarch, the amount of funding for the current year from the federal budget amounted to 314 and a half million rubles. Why? One of the reasons is the federal budget deficit. Another is identifying priorities, i.e. those monastic complexes where work can be said to be nearing completion. At the current stage, this is the Solovetsky Monastery - a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There is a separate program for it within the framework of the “Culture of Russia (2012-2018)” program. The total amount of financing in 2016 for the objects of the monastery ensemble, taking into account the completion of work under 2-year contracts, will be 811.045 million rubles. As we can see, this is quite a significant amount, which will allow us to complete work on a unique monastery site. And for 314 and a half million rubles this year, work continues in the Assumption Compound, in the Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit of the Bethany Compound, in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord - the Patriarchal Compound in the village of Ostrov, Moscow Region.

Now let's talk about another point, which for us is like weights on our legs - it delays the process of restoration work and slows it down greatly. I mean conducting competitive procedures and concluding contracts with the winners. The regulations of competitive procedures conducted in accordance with Federal Law 44 “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs”, firstly, contain a period of up to three weeks from the announcement of the competition to the date of opening of envelopes, then another two weeks goes to the consideration of the competitive application, after which the procedure for concluding a contract with the winner follows, and then the winner of the competition applies to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation for issuing a permit to carry out work on the monument, which also takes a lot of time. As a result, from the announcement of the competition to the actual entry of restorers to the site, it takes a month and a half, or even two... In addition, the main selection criterion is the low cost of the work, but, unfortunately, cheaper does not mean better quality. For example, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra announced several objects for repair and restoration work in 2016, for which funds were allocated. The competition was won by a new contractor - Promproekt LLC. (Before that, the BaltStroy company worked there, which managed to do a lot for the great anniversary - the 700th anniversary of St. Sergius of Radonezh). But since there is now another winner, we will work with him. However, Promproekt has not yet started work, because before it begins, it needs to sign a contract. Then (as I said above), the organization that won the competition must obtain permission from the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation to carry out work on the declared objects. And so on. In general, despite the fact that the construction season is coming to an end, contractors are still out of work...

— But, as far as I understand, the allocated funds need to be spent by the end of the year?

There are one-year contracts where such a situation is catastrophic. There are contracts for a period of two years - this is somewhat easier. There are examples when funds that were not used due to short deadlines for work, sad as it is for me to tell you this, were returned to the budget. Here in Veliky Novgorod, it is for this reason that the contractor refused to restore the nursing building. Money was allocated for it; the monastery was in dire need of this building, but alas! The contractors couldn't keep up. In the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, some contracts are two-year, but still we are losing the most favorable time - the summer period, when restoration work can be carried out.

At the All-Russian congresses of bodies for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, speakers every time say that the law on competitions at cultural heritage sites causes considerable harm to monuments. There is a lot of talk about the harmfulness of competitive procedures, but nothing has changed yet. Restoration is a complex and long process. We cannot allow a new contractor to appear on the monument every year and everything to start from scratch. In our case, it is very important to have professionally developed, competent design documentation agreed upon with the monastery as a user of the cultural heritage site. However, when the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation approves already developed restoration projects, the monastery as a user is not a coordinating party, since the customer of the projects is the Ministry of Culture. As for the monastery, it is only by good will, on the initiative of the designer himself who won the competition, that he can coordinate his design decisions with it. Design is sometimes carried out by different organizations that make inconsistent design decisions without taking into account the opinion of the monastery itself. In addition, the Ministry of Culture, as the customer, carries out technical supervision over the correct execution of work at the site. But a competition is also held to carry out the functions of technical supervision (another competition!), and sometimes the situation reaches the point of absurdity, as, for example, in cases where the competition is won by an organization located in another city, hundreds of kilometers from the site.

— The picture you painted looks rather bleak. What should I do?

We are trying to adapt to the current circumstances. If the monastery has already received money from the budget, it is very important that it immediately, without delay, begin to act promptly and competently. In other words, so that not a single ruble is spent aimlessly. To do this, each monastery must have some kind of “road map” for the development of the monastery, which I talked about in a previous interview. The “road map” should clearly outline what needs to be done first, what needs to be done second, and what can wait a bit. But, unfortunately, due to instability and irregularity of funding, not all monasteries clearly understand the concept of development of their monastery, although this is extremely important. It is the instability of funding that prevents them from constantly monitoring the condition of objects requiring restoration. And when funding is finally provided, the monastery is often not ready for work. Let us turn to the example associated with the name of the great ascetic of the Russian land, St. Joseph of Volotsk. The restoration of the central object - the Assumption Cathedral - was delayed due to the fact that minimal funds were allocated for it. We must pay tribute to the zealous care of the governor, Archimandrite Sergius (Voronkov), who tirelessly submits applications to various funding programs. Today, the monastery participates in the “Culture of Russia” and “Historical Memory” programs (a project of the United Russia party, where the list is formed at the request of deputies). Nevertheless, this ancient monastery, which is located in the north-west of the Moscow region, near the city of Volokolamsk, in the village of Teryaevo, provides clear evidence of what the competitive procedures have led to. Different organizations at different times developed design solutions for the restoration of monastery towers, which in ancient centuries were unique masterpieces of defensive architecture. And what do we see today? According to the design, one tower should be covered with planks, the others - Germanova and Staritskaya - are already covered with copper, and the third, Nikolskaya, remains completely uncoated according to the design. Moreover, all these projects are approved by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation!

Last year, the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery celebrated the 500th anniversary of the blessed death of St. Joseph of Volotsky. On the day of the wonderful anniversary, September 27, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill celebrated the Divine Liturgy at the monastery near Moscow, blessing the governor, brethren and assistants of the monastery to complete its restoration as soon as possible. And, as I already said, this year funds from the federal budget have been allocated for these purposes. But the design documentation available in the monastery, developed earlier for the same budget funds, is not ready for the active, consistent and competent implementation of restoration work. Seeing this situation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation became concerned with developing a “road map” for the restoration of the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery. With the blessing of the Chairman of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism, at the request of the FHU of the Moscow Patriarchate (which is responsible for the effective distribution of those small funds that are allocated from the federal budget for the restoration of monastic complexes), we, the monastery and the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation are now developing a sequence action plan actions for the restoration and adaptation of the objects of the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery, so that all restoration work gives the desired result. For this purpose, it will be necessary to develop new projects for the adaptation of monastery objects that require restoration.

— As for the need for a sequence of actions for restoration, everything seems to be clear here. Can you tell us about the second part - adapting objects?

— I would like to draw special attention of all monasteries to this aspect. Many restoration projects, once implemented, do not allow monastic communities to use the restored monuments. In general, in any monastery from the very beginning it is necessary to determine the modern purpose of a particular monastic object. It’s one thing if, say, the ancient tower is planned to be shown to pilgrims and tourists. Then, according to the preliminary restoration design, the walls inside can simply be covered with a thin layer of lime plaster and whitewashed, and the windows and loopholes can be covered with wooden shutters. That is, to restore the historical appearance of the monument. And it’s a completely different matter when the abbot or abbess, together with his brothers or sisters, want to use the space of the tower for some practical purpose. In this case, it will have to fully comply with the operating requirements. That is, you will have to lay floors, install electricity and heating, divide the room into tiers with floors, make doors and stairs. Joseph-Volotsky Monastery, at its own expense, ordered a project for an adaptation of one of the towers. As a result, the serious, capital work carried out there on this project to adapt the tower into housing for workers was crowned with success.

— It turns out that a project for the restoration of an object should also include a design for the adaptation?

Ideally, yes. I was in that Staritsa tower of the Joseph-Volotsk monastery, where workers are now housed, and I will say that it is quite cozy in it. While maintaining the appearance of a historical monument, the result was a real living space. And it was done so tactfully and beautifully. Projects like this are a must! But, unfortunately, this project documentation is not always financed from the budget. And one of the main topics of our recent negotiations with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the participants of which were the abbot of the monastery, Father Sergius, and I (as an assistant to the chairman of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism on the preservation and use of cultural heritage sites), was the topic of the priority development of projects for adapting objects . In particular, towers for which there are already agreed upon preliminary restoration projects. The monastery is not obliged to order them with its own money. These projects will be financed from the budget, which was confirmed by protocol by the Ministry.

— Apparently, monasteries - from stauropegial to diocesan - have many questions related to the restoration of cultural heritage objects, their adaptation to the life of brothers or sisters (in other words, the introduction of history into modern life). Can they address these questions to you, as the assistant to the chairman of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism and a person with extensive practical experience accumulated in the system of protection of cultural heritage sites?

- They can. And they should know that I will try to help them not only with my advice, for example, on collecting documents for participation in the application campaign (it has become very complicated lately) or with hints on how to act in certain circumstances, or with “settlement” of conflict situations and other issues with Tsentrrestavratsiya, which is preparing tender documentation for the work. In passing, I would like to note that, fortunately, we have established clear working contact with this organization. If necessary, by taking the blessing of Lord Theognost, I can also assemble a team of specialists capable of assessing the situation on the spot. After all, the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism was created to help the monasteries and at the same time to help His Holiness the Patriarch. And since I once graduated from the Faculty of Architecture, worked as a restorer, was the Deputy Minister of Culture for the preservation of cultural heritage in the Moscow region (our Ministry fruitfully collaborated with its ruling bishop -), today all my experience, all my knowledge in this area I want to use it for the benefit of the monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is God’s great mercy to see how shrines are reborn before our eyes. And I know from experience that highly qualified specialists, despite their extremely busy lives, always find time to travel to one or another monastery and provide specific assistance to it. Because for the most part these are believers, patriots of their country, for whom its history connected with Orthodoxy is very, very dear.

For all its restoration work, the monastery is required to obtain permission from the monument protection authorities (which can be quite difficult, so our help may also be useful in this matter). Recently, the restorers and I visited. The abbess of the monastery, Abbess Sergia (Shcherbakova), approached me with a request to help organize emergency work on two wooden houses - monuments of the late 19th century - former sister cells, which are in extremely disrepair. We fulfilled mother's request.

And we went to the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery together with the federal architect of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra Sergei Vasilyevich Demidov and professor, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences Viktor Viktorovich Dmitriev. Sergei Vasilyevich assessed the quality of painting restoration work, which is currently being carried out by the monastery in the Assumption Cathedral. Viktor Viktorovich was assessing the work to strengthen the foundation of the cathedral, because after the completion of the repair and restoration work, which was carried out by the organization IGIT LLC, which has quite a lot of experience in strengthening the foundation using the injection method, cracks appeared along the arches of the cathedral porch. And currently, Professor Dmitriev is developing a general monitoring program for all objects of the monastery.

Svetlana Anokhina, Assistant to the Chairman of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism for the Preservation and Use of Cultural Heritage Objects

At the regular meeting of the Collegium of the Synodal Department for Monasteries and Monasticism, which took place in early March, the participants received the message of S.A. with great interest. Anokhina – Assistant to the Chairman of the COMM for the preservation and use of cultural heritage objects. Svetlana Alexandrovna spoke about the organization of work to assist monasteries in preserving architectural complexes that they own or use. They also discussed the interaction of monasteries with government agencies for the protection of monuments, the development of practical recommendations regarding restoration work, and the provision of legal assistance to resolve issues related to legislation in the field of cultural heritage protection.

The editors of the site asked Svetlana Alexandrovna to tell us more about her work and what problems this activity can help monasteries solve.

– Svetlana Alexandrovna, you told so many useful things at the meeting of the Board of the Synodal Department. His Eminence Bishop Theognost blessed that this information become available to a wide range of monastics concerned about the construction and preservation of their monasteries. Therefore, we ask you to answer the questions on the official website of the Department. Please tell our readers what you do.

– Currently, I am an assistant to His Eminence Archbishop Theognost on issues of compliance with legislation in the field of preserving cultural heritage sites and issues of interaction with UNESCO, since the ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra has been recognized as a UNESCO monument since 1992. As for the activities of the Department for Monasteries and Monasticism, here I am also trying to use my experience in the state system of monument protection in relation to monastic complexes, because quite a lot of issues related to legislation in the field of cultural heritage preservation arise. Monastic complexes include monuments of different levels. They may include objects of cultural heritage of both federal and local regional significance. It is necessary to resolve, as far as possible, the issues of organizing restoration work and financing these objects. Although, when I started doing this work, I immediately noted that in almost all monasteries there are people who are ready to devote time and effort to the protection of monuments and restoration: the governors and abbots have such assistants. We are now trying to organize these people and cooperate with them. Experience and knowledge of monuments is especially important when drawing up plans for restoration work on objects of the monastery ensemble. Depending on the priorities in restoration, an application campaign is built. Monasteries submit applications for restoration work through the Synodal Department. We review letters from stauropegic monasteries with supporting documents, then they are sent as a single application to the Moscow Patriarchate. With the blessing of the Chairman of the Financial and Economic Administration of the Moscow Patriarchate, Archbishop Mark of Yegoryevsk, a consolidated application is formed in the Administration and submitted for consideration to His Holiness the Patriarch. Just the other day we sent a general consolidated application for stauropegic monasteries.

- Let's hope it works out. You said at the Collegium that the position of ancient guardians has now been established in dioceses. Tell me, why is this necessary, are there already such people, and what do they do? Is it possible to organize cooperation with them? How is this blessing of the hierarchy carried out?

– Last year, in December, at the proposal of the Patriarchal Council for Culture, the position of diocesan archaeological guardian was established. In more than thirty dioceses it must be included in the state. This was recommended by His Holiness the Patriarch. In a report at a recent bishops' meeting, the Patriarch emphasized the responsibility of the priesthood for the cultural and historical potential of the Russian Orthodox Church. In general, it is very gratifying that His Holiness pays so much attention to the preservation of cultural heritage, and concrete steps are being taken in this direction. It was at the meeting that the importance of the position of ancient guardian was once again emphasized. What does the introduction of this position mean? According to the decision of the Synod1, the ancient guardian is entrusted with control over the preservation of historical and cultural monuments - real estate objects with associated works of iconography, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied art and other items of church heritage owned or used by dioceses. Many dioceses have also been engaged in similar activities for a long time, for example, in the Moscow diocese there has been a Diocesan Department for Restoration and Construction (EOREST), which is headed by Archpriest Konstantin Ostrovsky,dean of the churches of the Krasnogorsk district, rector of the Assumption Church of Krasnogorsk. The ancient guardian of the Moscow diocese is Deputy Chairman of EOREST, Hieromonk Seraphim (Golovanov). Department conducts quite active work, close cooperation is carried out with state authorities for the protection of monuments (in the Moscow region this is the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow region). In principle, the establishment of the position of diocesan archaeologist is a very good trend aimed at closer mutual understanding and cooperation between the Church and the state.

The first task of such specialists is to establish connections between government agencies and the diocese, between the diocesan hierarchy and the priesthood - the rectors of churches and monasteries. We can say that the ancient guardian is a bridge between the state and the Church. Of course, people appointed to this position must have some basic knowledge in the field of architecture, restoration, museum affairs, and knowledge of legislation. As you know, difficulties sometimes arise in interaction with museum workers, since quite a lot of churches are still occupied by cultural institutions, and this is a separate topic - the preservation of such objects. When carrying out work on monuments, there are many cases of violation of legislation on the protection of cultural heritage. However, parishes often carry out these actions out of ignorance (they did not receive permission on time, filled out documents incorrectly, something else...) To exclude these cases, it is necessary to familiarize the clergy with the basics of legislation on the protection of monuments. Under the Patriarchal Council for Culture, together with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, short-term training courses for diocesan ancient guardians will be organized for the first time. The courses are supposed to be held twice a year at the Moscow Sretensky Monastery. This year it is also planned to publish a manual on topics related to the restoration of various types of movable and immovable property for religious purposes. It is precisely intended to become a textbook for both ancient guardians and diocesan priests

– Please tell us more about this benefit.

– It's actually quite a lengthy book with nine chapters. Experts in the field of history, archeology, restoration, architecture, and painting took part in the compilation of the manual. Famous names: Andrei Leonidovich Batalov - historian of church architecture, doctor of art history, deputy general director of the Moscow Kremlin museums, member of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Council for Heritage Protection; Unfortunately, Vladimir Dmitrievich Sarabyanov, who recently died, is a prominent art critic, an unsurpassed authority in the field of restoration of monumental church painting; a wonderful archaeologist, famous scientist Leonid Andreevich Belyaev... We tried in a brief, accessible form, literally step by step, to show the main actions that, for example, a rector who received a church in a parish should carry out. Down to simple advice: how to protect the roof, how to remove snow, what to do with paintings if they are suddenly discovered, how to deal with icons - how to store them, how to deal with candle soot... There is a section dedicated to typical violations and mistakes. A separate section considers the issues of preserving the territories of temples and protecting them from spontaneous development.

– Yes, since the 90s, more than one generation of priesthood has been restoring our desecrated shrines. This is amazing, this has never happened anywhere before - in less than 25 years, more than 800 monasteries have been restored and rebuilt. The process is now entering its final stage, but there are still many problems.

– You said that the manual devotes space to the interaction of the Church, in particular monasteries, with museums.

– Yes, a whole section is devoted to this issue. This is important for monasteries. Moreover, we are talking here not only about real estate, but also about problems associated with the transfer of movable property - icons, for example.

– Are there any positive examples of such interaction?

– Two years ago, a unique event took place - the miraculous image of St. Nicholas of Zaraisk, painted in 1513, returned to Zaraysk. Namely, in one of the cathedrals of the Zaraisk Kremlin, this icon, especially revered by believers, was kept for several centuries. After the revolution, the icon was transferred to the storage of the local history museum, from where in 1966 the relic was sent for restoration to the Andrei Rublev Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art, where it was kept in recent years. The icon of St. Nicholas of Zaraisk was returned to the fund of the Zaraisk Kremlin museum, and then, under an agreement on the transfer of a museum object of religious purpose for free use to the Orthodox parish of St. Nicholas Cathedral in the city of Zaraysk, it was transferred to the Church. Before the transfer, specialists from the Russian Ministry of Culture took a high-precision photograph of the icon to record its condition. Representatives of the Zaraisk museum checked the icon with its existing description, and both parties signed an act of transfer of the shrine. In the Andrei Rublev Museum, the icon was installed in a special protective capsule, tested and approved by the State Research Institute for Restoration.

The Church fulfilled all the conditions the state set for the preservation of this masterpiece, and we describe this in detail, as an example, in our manual.

– Does this mean that the Church, represented by the Synodal Department, now has a consulting body that can provide assistance on issues of preserving cultural heritage to both stauropegial and diocesan monasteries?

- Of course, if there is a blessing and the will of God. You can gather specialists and create some kind of system. During the meeting of the Board, a proposal was also made to conduct training on-site seminars. You can think about this question too.

– In principle, if there is such a request, are you ready to answer it?

“I think we are ready to respond to it.” Because, in general, there are such specialists - there are not so many restorers, we all know each other. Many of them are believers (it is impossible, in my opinion, to engage in ancient art and not be a believer), and this, it seems to me, is the main thing that will allow us to achieve what we want. ...Just so as not to find ourselves in the role of “bosses” telling the priests what they should do - namely, with practical advice to help churches and monasteries in solving specific issues.

– Svetlana Alexandrovna, you said at the Board that churches should be treated not only as the house of God, but also as property, and this property must be taken care of - protected, restored. And often this is difficult: some have philanthropists, others do not... You mentioned the existence of various kinds of programs with the help of which you can receive funds from the state for the restoration and restoration of monasteries. Could you elaborate on this in a little more detail?

– Firstly, as we have already said, the issues of financing restoration and construction work in the Moscow Patriarchate are dealt with by the Financial and Economic Administration, headed by Archbishop Mark of Yegoryevsk. The most important state program, on the basis of which, at the Federation level, measures for the preservation of monuments, including monastery complexes, are financed, is “Culture of Russia (2012–2018).” The customer for the federal target program is the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. Deputy Minister Grigory Ulyanovich Pirumov is in charge of this program. I have already said that the application campaign is currently underway. Just the other day we sent a general consolidated application for stauropegic monasteries for 2016 to the Economic Administration of the Moscow Patriarchate. I would like to say that many monasteries cooperate very successfully with government programs. Of course, mostly large ones - such as Danilov, St. John the Baptist, Mother of God of the Nativity in Moscow, and the Resurrection New Jerusalem Monastery in the Moscow region. Vivid examples of the restoration of monastic complexes thanks to state federal programs are the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, as well as Solovki and Valaam.

What is really important is that the monastery has control over the situation regarding objects that need restoration. It is imperative to carry out design work; without this, it is very difficult to get involved in financing restoration activities. They rarely give money for design work. Basically, monasteries perform them at their own expense. According to the law, for the restoration of any monument it is necessary that there be an agreed preliminary restoration design. If it is a regional monument, then it is agreed upon with the regional authority for the protection of monuments, if it is federal, then with federal authorities. Just as important draft subject of protection, that is, what O this monument needs to be protected. And, of course, estimates are required for the requested amount of financing. Estimates must undergo examination.

– Where can I read more about these programs?

– The “Culture of Russia” program, both the Moscow one and the regional programs, are posted on the website of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The “Historical Memory” program is on the website of the United Russia party. As for the documents required for inclusion in the programs, in principle, they are the same everywhere: there must be an extract from the register stating that the property is federal or regional; confirmation that this is a monument is required, and, as I already said, agreed upon design and estimate documentation is needed.

– You mentioned recent changes in legislation...

– On January 22 of this year, a new version of the Federal Law “On Objects of Cultural Heritage, Historical and Cultural Monuments of the Russian Federation” came into force. Firstly, it provides - which is very important for the Church - the right not only of the Russian Federation, but also of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as municipalities, at the expense of their budgets, to provide financial support for work on the preservation of cultural heritage sites, owned religious organizations. Previously, monuments owned by any institutions or religious organizations were financed by the owner and were not included in the programs. Now, according to the new law, if a religious object is owned by a religious organization, it can be financed from the state budget. I think this is a very important innovation. In fact, it is obvious that changing the form of ownership of a cultural heritage object does not deprive this object of historical and cultural value.

– How is this law implemented? Through programs?

– Implementation again through programs. State budgets – only through programs. Another new version of the Federal Law provides for such a type of place of interest as religious-historical place. (And a place of interest is a type of monument that represents a preserved historical landscape as a certain territory. For example, the Borodino Field, or Ancient Radonezh.) Objects of cultural heritage should be subject to state protection within the boundaries of a religious and historical place, as well as, as stated in the Law, and activity religious organizations - it also needs to be protected in these places in accordance with their charters and internal regulations. The regime of a religious-historical place will allow it to be considered as a single whole. For example, such large cultural natural complexes as the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Solovetsky, Valaam, New Jerusalem monasteries will establish their own modes of activity. Here it is important that the Patriarchate and dioceses interact with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and develop the necessary by-laws that will determine the mechanism for implementing the Law.

– Tell me, please, are you interested in doing this?

– I am a restorer, I graduated from the Faculty of Architecture of the State University of Land Management (then MIIZ) in 1982, and in all subsequent years I have been and have been studying this topic. She began her work at the Central Restoration Workshops of the Soyuzrestavratsiya, which in those years were located in the Andronikov Monastery in Moscow, and worked on such famous objects as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. I had the opportunity to communicate with the great restorers of that time - Sergei Sergeevich Podyapolsky, for example. So, of course, it’s interesting. I will not speak high words about preserving the heritage, but we are the descendants of those who lived before us and at the same time the predecessors of those who will live after us. It is important that the connecting thread between different generations is not interrupted. The most important thing is not to think that we will create something better, new, but to act like a doctor who takes an oath “do no harm.” The monument is a document of the era. If we interfere with its historical component, disrupt it, we will break this connection and will not convey something important to the next generation.

We must preserve the heritage, but preserve it while developing it, painlessly introducing history into modern life. Yes, before, for example, many churches were not heated. But people change. Now in winter they will no longer serve in the cold; I want there to be heating. Then let's carry it out in such a way that it does not violate the sacred space of the temple. Because sometimes it happens like this: you enter a church, there is gold and marble floors everywhere, like in the subway... But there is no spirit. But here, perhaps, the new martyrs served, and on this old salt, perhaps, the priest who died for the Orthodox faith read sermons. All this needs to be remembered. But, in fairness, I want to say that in more than twenty years of working to preserve the heritage, I have not met either priests or bishops who did not understand this and cared only about improving the property. First of all, the priests try to preserve the spirit of the House of God. Therefore, I believe that if problems arise with the protection and use of the temple as a historical and cultural monument, they can be solved by systematically working with the monasteries, and then there will be no conflict situations.

– It is assumed that the clergy should have a fairly high cultural level...

- Yes, sure. On the other hand, what does a high level mean... Of course, it is very good when Archpriest Pavel Kartashov, candidate of philological sciences, church historian, writer, serves in the Church of the Transfiguration in Bolshie Vyazemy, in the estate where Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin spent his childhood. This is a great success for both the temple and the museum, which exist together. Also, a wonderful priest serves in the Muranovo Church (in the Muranovo estate in the Pushkin district, associated with the names of Baratynsky - Tyutchev) - abbot Feofan (Zamesov). But I think that all the same, bishops appoint people to such places who correspond to their position. Somehow, with God’s help, everything works out.

– It is known that museum workers are reluctant to leave the monasteries that were transferred to them during the Soviet period. Have you encountered this?

- Yes. We, of course, encountered such a problem. But, again, returning to the experience of the Moscow diocese, I want to say that there is a very good positive example - this is the celebration of the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture in Kolomna in 2007. There are a huge number of churches and monasteries in Kolomna: Bobrenev Monastery, Novo-Golutvin Convent, Epiphany Staro-Golutvin Monastery. When preparing for the holiday, of course, I wanted to restore more churches; for this purpose, a special state program was adopted in the Moscow region. At that time, the Archangel Michael Cathedral at the entrance to Kolomna was occupied by the city local history museum. The solution was found together - through the prayers of His Eminence Bishop Yuvenaly, through the joint efforts of the city and region, not only the temple was vacated, but the museum also moved to a restored city estate in the center of Kolomna. If desired, all issues are resolved. In the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, for example, the abbot of the monastery, His Eminence Bishop Theognost, is the director of the Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum. This also has a beneficial effect on the development of the reserve and removes many questions.

– All requirements are met, all conditions are met. Does the Ministry of Culture have any complaints against the management of the museum complex?

– The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation often visits the Lavra, observing the order and organization of the preservation of cultural heritage. Taking this opportunity, I would like to thank the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation for the assistance provided in preparing the celebration of the 700th anniversary of St. Sergius, for control and methodological support. A huge amount of work has been done to restore the Lavra’s monuments. Lavra has completely transformed. A very large amount of work was completed in a short time. These works were led by the federal architect of the Lavra, Sergei Vasilyevich Demidov. In the museum in the Horse Yard, which is located outside the monastery, a magnificent exhibition “And the Candle Did Not Go Out” began its work, dedicated to the image of St. Sergius, captured in works of ancient Russian art. The exhibition, by the way, is still active.

Interviewed by Ekaterina Orlova

Questions to Svetlana Aleksandrovna Anokhina can be sent to: This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view it.

1. Regulations on the position of the diocesan archaeologist. The document was adopted at a meeting of the Holy Synod on December 25, 2014 (journal No. 132).