Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Eng. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton; b. October 26, 1947, Chicago) - American politician, US Senator from New York (2001-2009). Member of the US Democratic Party. First Lady of the United States from 1993-2001 during the 42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton.

Hillary Rodham Clinton was born Hillary Diane Rodham on October 26, 1947 in Chicago. She graduated from high school in Park Ridge, Illinois in 1965. At Wellesley College, in parallel with her studies, she was actively involved in social activities. In 1969, she received a bachelor's degree and entered the Yale Law School.

She met her future husband, Bill Clinton, at university. In 1972, she took part in the election campaign of Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern. In 1973 she received her doctorate in law.

She has worked for the Children's Defense Fund and for the House Judiciary Committee. Then she moved to Arkansas, where Bill Clinton began his political career. They got married in 1975. Hillary has taught at the University of Arkansas School of Law since 1975 and has been with the Rose Law Firm since 1976.

In 1978, President Jimmy Carter appointed Hillary to the board of the Legal Services Corporation. That same year, Bill Clinton was elected governor of Arkansas. In 1980, the Clintons had a daughter, Chelsea.

As the first lady of the state for twelve years (1979-1981 and 1983-1993), Clinton was actively involved in public activities, in particular in such areas as education, health care and advocacy for children's rights.

Having become the first lady of the United States after Clinton's victory in the 1992 presidential election, Hillary, at the request of her husband, in 1993 headed the task force on health care reform.

The reform plans and the very appointment of Clinton were subjected to considerable criticism from Republicans and representatives of the medical industry, and a year later, Hillary was forced to leave her post. In the future, the focus of her attention remained the problems of women and children, including in developing countries.

In 1994, the first lady was one of the main defendants in the Whitewater case, which, with the participation of the Clintons, conducted real estate transactions in Arkansas in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1998, a major scandal erupted around Bill Clinton's relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, which almost ended in the president's impeachment.

Hillary supported her husband and did not want to part with him - as critics believe, pursuing her own political goals.

In 2000, Clinton ran as a Democratic candidate for the New York State Senate. She was originally to be opposed by New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. When he dropped out due to illness, Clinton defeated Republican Rick Lazio in the November 7, 2000 election.

As observers have noted, Clinton's political program was frowned upon by both Republicans and some Democrats (particularly because of her support for President George W. Bush and his administration's plans to use military force against Iraq). Nevertheless, Hillary Clinton was considered one of the most promising contenders to participate in the 2008 presidential election as a Democratic candidate.

On November 7, 2006, Clinton was re-elected to the Senate, defeating Republican John Spencer. The success of the former first lady was regarded by observers as a new milestone on the way to the presidential election. Clinton officially announced her intention to participate in the presidential race on January 20, 2007.

Her main rival for the Democratic presidential nomination was Senator Barack Obama.

Hillary Clinton is considered by many to be the most powerful White House in the history of the United States. She is an ambitious woman, well aware of her competence and her importance. Hillary's friends emphasize her ambition and her energetic determination: "She knows what she wants and how to get it."

She is considered more intelligent, calm and prudent in her choice of words compared to her husband. Those who know her better appreciate her wit and sense of humor. She can imitate other people amazingly. Hillary Clinton is also financially independent.

In 1990, her annual income was $ 190,000, in 1993 - already $ 250,000, her husband's governor's income was $ 35,000 a year. As the president's wife, she served as a board member of Wal-Mart from 1986-1992. She manages the money in the family. She owns shares in a number of Wal-Mart stores, the Liz Cliborn confectionery company, and other businesses.

In 2000, Clinton was elected as a senator in the state of New York. Having confidently won reelection to the Senate in November 2006, Hillary Clinton has long been considered one of the favorites of the 2008 presidential campaign.

After Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 presidential election, he invited Hillary Clinton to take the post of US Secretary of State. On November 21, Hillary Clinton agreed to take the post, which Barack Obama officially announced on December 1.

On December 10, Congress passed a special bill to cut the Secretary of State's pay so that (under the so-called Senator Saxby Rule) an incumbent senator could become secretary of state. The law was signed into law by George W. Bush on December 19. Simultaneously, Senator Hillary Clinton was stripped of all pay increases effective January 1, 2007.

Hearings on the candidacy of Hillary Clinton for the post of Secretary of State began in the Senate, in the Committee on Foreign Relations on January 13, 2009. Two days later, the committee approved her candidacy (by a majority of 16 to 1).

After the inauguration of Barack Obama on January 20, the Senate postponed a decision on the candidacy of Hillary Clinton. The decision was taken by the full Senate on January 21 and approved by a majority of 94 votes to 2. On the same day, Hillary Clinton took the oath and resigned as a senator from the state of New York. The new Secretary of State arrived at the State Department on January 22.

On the first day of Hillary Clinton's work on January 22, 2009, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joseph Biden visited the State Department, in whose presence the Secretary of State announced the appointment of new special envoys. Former Democratic Senator George Mitchell has been appointed special envoy for peace in the Middle East, while Richard Holbrook, a former US representative to the UN in the Bill Clinton administration, has been appointed ambassador to Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Hillary Clinton

Biography of Hillary Clinton - early years.
Hillary Clinton was born in Chicago on October 26, 1947 to British parents. The mother did not work and was engaged in housework, and the father had a small textile business, in addition to Hilary, they had two more children. When the girl was four years old, the whole family moved to Park Ridge. At school, Hilary showed constant success, she did everything not only in her studies, but also in baseball, swimming and other sports. In addition, during her childhood, she helped the pastor work with children from African American and Hispanic families, and she also took part in charity events. Her official biography says that as a child, Hillary Clinton wanted to become an astronaut and engage in space exploration.
When she was thirteen years old, Hilary first participated in the collection of votes in the 1960 presidential election, where Democratic candidate John F. Kennedy won the largest number of votes. After that, she also worked on the campaign trail for fellow candidate Barry Goldwater in the 1964 election. A year later, Hilary began her studies at Wellesley College, where the greatest attention was paid to political science. While studying here, Hilary was president of the Young Republicans and organized a protest against the Vietnam War. In 1968, Hillary Clinton graduated from college, received a bachelor's degree and entered Yale University in the Faculty of Law. Simultaneously with her studies, Hilary worked on the editorial board of a well-known magazine. It was at the university that the girl met Bill Clinton, who would later become her husband, they jointly took part in lawsuits at the university. A year later, Clinton was recognized as the best student and in connection with this she prepared a report by the end of the academic year. In her speech, she gave a negative assessment of the policies of President Richard Nixon, and some time later, in 1973, Hilary earned a doctorate in law. Later, Hillary Clinton worked in a group of lawyers who were consultants on the impeachment of Nixon over the Watergate scandal. It was during this period of time that Clinton finally connected his political views with the US Democratic Party.
Biography of Hillary Clinton - mature years.
Hilary Clinton's biography reports that after marrying Bill Clinton, who was also a Democrat, she worked as a teacher at the University of Arkansas, and a year later she began working at the Rose Law Firm. Simultaneously with her work, Hillary Clinton was engaged in the election campaign of her husband, who was first elected the prosecutor of the state of Arkansas, and some time later in 1978 - the governor of this state. The governor's wife took an active part in social activities and in 1988 earned the title of one of the best lawyers in the United States. After Bill Clinton won the presidential election, Hillary, at his insistence, became the head of the Task Force on Health Reform. But a year later, she had to leave this position due to criticism from Republicans and representatives of the medical industry. In 1996, Hilary published a book that gained great popularity and became a top seller.
But not everything in the life of the Clinton family went well; at a certain period of time, the family became involved in a judicial investigation into the case of a construction corporation. Bill and Hillary Clinton were suspected of using illegal financing techniques. But the prosecutors were never able to prove that the Clinton family was somehow involved in these operations. And already in 1998, the family was at the center of a new scandal, a case was opened against Bill Clinton for sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern. Hillary Clinton showed wisdom in this matter and did not file for divorce, although critics in this regard have the opinion that this act is connected with Hillary's personal political ambitions.
On November 7, 2000, big changes take place in the biography of Hillary Clinton, she won the elections to the US Senate and became the first wife of a president in history to be elected to the Senate. During her time in the Senate, she proved to be a controversial politician, her programs were criticized by many. Six years later, she was again elected to the Senate for a new term, as she won 67% of the votes of all voters. In early 2007, Hillary Clinton made an official announcement that she intended to take part in the 2008 presidential election. She constantly fought for the nomination of her candidacy with her rival Barack Obama, but subsequently abandoned her intention to participate in the election and became a supporter of Obama. After Barack Obama won the election, he invited Hillary to take the post of Secretary of State in the presidential administration, and on January 21, 2009, Hillary Clinton officially assumed this position.
On January 7, 2008, Hillary Clinton said in her speech that the current Prime Minister of Russia, Putin, has no soul, since he was a KGB officer. This was said to the voters as a commentary on the words of President George W. Bush, that during a personal meeting with Vladimir Putin, Bush looked into his eyes and saw the soul in them. But, despite this, in the spring of 2009, Hillary made an official statement that the US administration intends to qualitatively upgrade its relations with Russia. As confirmation of this statement, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, during a personal meeting with Foreign Minister Sergei Ivanov, handed him a specially made red button with the inscription "Reset", which means reset. But even this purely symbolic gift was not without curiosities - when translating the inscription into Russian, a typo was made and the word "reset" turned into the word "overload".

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© Biography of Hillary Clinton. Biography of Bill Clinton's wife - Hillary. Biography of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

Glycolic peeling is a popular procedure, the benefits of which have been appreciated by many women. But what is it? What do you need to know about it?

Any peeling is an aggressive skin care product because it can thin it.

Products based on glycolic acid are no exception, since this substance in high concentration is able to remove rust, that is, peeling based on it is potentially hazardous to health.

Why doesn't he lose his popularity? Let's take a closer look at all the strengths and weaknesses of glycolic peeling.

From the history

The first mention of glycolic peeling is found in historical facts about Ancient Egypt. It is about using sugar cane juice for rejuvenation. Indeed, this acid is found in the juice of many fruits: sugar beets, green grapes, pineapples.

Interesting! The method was formed as a cosmetic procedure in the second half of the 20th century. This is due to advances in the study of the properties of glycolic acid. In addition to, in fact, peeling, it promotes the synthesis of collagen and solves the problems of "aging" of the skin.

The technique was born in the second half of the 20th century

The introduction of the method into practice was preceded by clinical experiments. One of these took place in 1996. An experimental group of 41 people was created, which included patients of different ages and initial skin conditions.

Once a week, a 50% glycolic acid solution was applied to the skin. The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks. After a thorough study of the results, the scientists came to the following conclusions: the layer of “dead” cells decreased, the layer of functioning epidermal cells increased, and the photosensitivity of the skin decreased. Particularly interesting were the results in the form of rejuvenation, the disappearance of fine wrinkles.

Important! Changes occurred in 90% of study participants.

Documentary confirmation of this fact contributed to the introduction of the procedure into cosmetology practice.

The experiment proved the effectiveness of such a tool.

How to make a glycolic facial peel at home

Before starting the home procedure, you will need to purchase the following tools:

• degreasing lotion;
• soothing cream;
• peeling agent;
• oily skin moisturizer.

You need to buy glycolic acid for facial peeling (with a concentration of 30%). If you are doing the procedure for the first time, you should choose less concentrated formulations. A large amount of acid can damage the skin, causing irritation and other problems. The increase in the percentage of the active substance in the preparation should be gradual. The first peeling is aged no more than one minute.

You can not buy a ready-made remedy in a pharmacy, but make it at home from natural ingredients.

You will need:

• a tablespoon of cane sugar;
• freshly squeezed lemon juice;
• half a glass of mineral water.

All products must be mixed together until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The solution should have the consistency of syrup. Gently, using your fingertips, apply the composition to the skin. Then wait 7-10 minutes and wash it off with warm water. This mask is suitable for more frequent use than a regular glycol peel. The optimal time interval between procedures is 3-4 days. In total, you will need to complete 10-12 sessions. In the future, you yourself will be able to determine how long you need to keep the mask on the skin for maximum results.

Read the material on the topic: Gas-liquid skin peeling - beauty without pain and injections

What is a glycol peel?

Peelings with the use of fruit acids have been around for a long time and have been tested by time. The popular category includes milk, almond, lemon. They contribute to the renewal of the surface layer of the epidermis - the stratum corneum. Glycolic peeling has the properties of all the previous ones, plus it has a rejuvenating effect on the deeper layers, due to the high penetrating ability of the active substance.

Important! This provides the effect of smoothing skin color, getting rid of fine wrinkles.

Fruit acids effectively affect the skin

Advantages and disadvantages

Glycolic Acid Properties and Skin Benefits

The source of glycolic acid are natural products. Chemically, it is an acid. Like any active substance capable of entering into chemical reactions, its effect depends significantly on concentration.

Concentration affects the result

Consider the main properties of hydroxyacetic acid that contribute to the beneficial effects on the skin.

This peeling is gentle on the skin.

Peeling, like any cosmetic procedure, can lead to undesirable results. It is not enough to read the indications and the course of the procedure in order to repeat it yourself. Glycolic peels, especially those using high concentrations, are safe when performed professionally.

Important! Despite the fact that the method is relevant for almost any skin type and at different ages, an individual approach always comes to the fore. An experienced specialist will conduct a session taking into account the characteristics of the skin, age, somatic diseases.

Need an individual approach to the procedure

Range overview

Kosmoteros products are suitable for professional salon care and home use. For convenience and safe use, all products contain detailed instructions.

The protocol of the procedure will allow you to avoid errors in the manipulation process, since it has a detailed action plan indicating the drug, dosage and method of application.

Multifruit

• The product is available in a glass bottle.
• Volume: 30 ml.
• Price: from 1500 rubles.

Combined chemical preparation of surface action, in the composition - fruit extracts of acids and Vegewhite component based on medicinal plants in high concentration.

It has a sebostatic and anti-inflammatory effect, has an exfoliating ability. Stimulates the production of ceramides and fibroblasts, which activate the synthesis of collagen, fibrin, elastin, rejuvenating the skin.

Used to correct any cosmetic defects, including after skin diseases.

Glycolic

• Produced in a convenient bottle with a dispenser.
• Volume: 30 ml.
• Price: from 1300 rubles.

The drug in liquid form contains a 70% concentration of glycolic acid, chitosan and sodium succinate. The acidity (pH) of the product can be 2.3 and 0.7. The active substance dissolves and exfoliates the excess stratum corneum of the skin, controls the division of the main cells of the epidermis.

Applies if there are the following problems:

• uneven surface relief;
• defects after dermatological diseases;
• uneven painful complexion;
• enlarged pores;
• excessive rashes;
• violations of the functions of the sebaceous glands (oily or too dry dermis).

Almond

• Produced in a glass bottle.
• Volume: 30 ml.
• Price: from 2500 rubles.

It contains 30% acid concentration, pH 1.5. The main active ingredient is mandelic (amygdalic or phenylglycolic) acid, which belongs to alpha hydroxy acids, which is obtained from natural raw materials - bitter almonds.

It has strong antibacterial properties, guarantees safe and effective cleansing and renewal. This is due to the slow penetration of molecules into the dermis due to their large size.

The ability to dissolve in oils allows the substance to get into the thickness of the dermal layers. Ideal for skin intolerant to glycolic acid and reduces the risk of hyperpigmentation after deep cleansing.

• hyperkeratosis;
• age spots;
• acne
• lentigo;
• rosacea;
• mimic wrinkles;
• freckles;
• uneven tone.

Peeling with mandelic acid is often preceded by laser skin resurfacing and medium dry cleanings.

Yellow

• The drug is available in a vial.
• Volume: 30 ml.
• Price: from 10,000 rubles.

Superficial median retinoic peeling, which has a yellow color due to the presence of tretinoin (retinoic acid) in the composition.

Delicate cleansing of the skin is provided by such components:

• a complex of gallic and phytic acids - whitens and cleanses;
• vitamin E - restores;
• vitamin C - renews, saturates and evens out complexion;
• beta-carotene - protects against ultraviolet exposure and negative external factors.

It belongs to atraumatic chemical peels, therefore it is used at any age and regardless of skin type, if there is:

• hyperkeratosis;
• excessive pigmentation;
• acne
• comedones;
• signs of photoaging;
• age-related changes;
• striae.

Types of glycolic peels

In connection with different tasks, there are two types of glycol peeling.

Aggressive exfoliation

Stages of glycol peeling for the face at home

Home peeling for the face is performed in five stages:

1. Skin cleansing.

First you need to remove all cosmetics from the surface of the face and wipe the skin with a degreasing lotion. Dirty skin interferes with the effects of acid.

1. Applying funds.

You can apply the peeling agent with a regular cotton pad. The sequence is as follows: forehead, nose, cheeks, chin. Avoid the area around the eyes and lips. Glycolic peeling for the face is aged up to 5 minutes. If itching and profuse burning of the skin have begun, redness and swelling have formed, the procedure must be completed.

1. Neutralization.

1. Completion of the procedure.

Wash your face with cold water. Salon procedures are done using special solutions, but we can assure you that pure running water works just as well. This stage is performed in order to restore the water-salt balance of the skin, as well as to eliminate its dryness and flaking.

1. Soothing care.

Glycolic peeling for the face ends with the application of a moisturizing mask. For the next few days, moisturize your skin with plenty of creams. For the recovery period, refuse to use decorative cosmetics.

During the course of glycolic peeling, exclude the solarium, bath and sauna. High temperatures can provoke negative consequences.

Each session of a glycolic facial peel should be completed with a soothing compress. For its preparation, it is better to use natural ingredients (healing herbs). For example, to prepare a solution with celandine, pour boiling water over it and put it on fire (for 5–7 minutes). Wait for the broth to cool down. Put the resulting slurry on the skin, hold for 20 minutes.

You can also make a decoction of green tea, which is prepared according to the same principle as the celandine solution.

Read the material on the topic: How to care for facial skin: home care and salon treatments

Indications

Glycolic acid exfoliation is indicated if:

Glycolic peel can be used before other procedures

Indications and contraindications for glycolic facial peeling

Professionals say that this peeling option is indicated for:

• preparation for plastic surgery or other complex beauty procedures;
• significant pigmentation, acne, pimples, post-acne, comedones;
• the presence of small wrinkles, folds and other age-related changes;
• ingrown hair problem
• hyperkeratosis;
• dry skin;
• the presence of large pores on the face;
• deep acne scars;
• scars, stretch marks;
• molluscum contagiosum.

Glycolic peeling for the face is a completely safe procedure, but experts advise paying attention to contraindications.

It cannot be done in the following cases:

• In spring or summer.
• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• In the presence of warts in the area of ​​​​the face where peeling is planned.
• With herpetic disease in the acute stage.
• With telangiectasia.
• If you have recently been in the sun for a long time or sunbathed.
• In the presence of wounds, scratches, inflammation at the site of the proposed peeling.
• Brunettes with dark skin and dark eyes.
• If you suffer from intolerance to one of the elements of the composition of the mixture. To ensure that glycol peeling for the face does not have negative consequences for the skin and the body as a whole, do an allergy test before the procedure.
• With couperose.
• After chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.
• With strong photosensitivity of the skin.
• After microdermabrasion treatment.
• For vascular problems.
• After recent epilation.
• When using retinoids.

Read the material on the topic: Almond peeling for the face: features of the procedure

Carrying out algorithm in the salon (3 steps)

Indications for glycolic exfoliation cover patients with almost any type of skin and different age groups. In addition, there is a selective depth of action of the active substance, which allows you to adjust the effects, their intensity.

There are different peeling tactics based on the use of exfoliants with different concentrations. For example, the first two sessions are carried out with a low content of glycolic acid, within 20%. Further, in increasing order, from 35% to 50% solution to the final effect in the form of final peeling.

Acid concentration increases gradually

So, the process is safely controlled by the choice of concentration and application layers. It is important that all the nuances are able to find out, take into account and develop adequate tactics by a medical specialist with experience in this field. Therefore, the best option is to contact the clinic and trust the professionals.

It is worth noting! An important argument in favor of a salon procedure is that the skin must be properly prepared.

Better to trust the professionals

For a two-week period, the skin is treated with a low-concentration solution of hydroxyacetic acid to break the bonds between obsolete cells of the surface layer of the epidermis. Due to the low molecular weight, the drug gradually penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin, increasing their susceptibility.

Pre-peeling preparation can be carried out at home, using cleansers, lotions and creams, selected on the recommendation of a doctor.

Then it's time for a direct salon procedure.

Preparing for the procedure

There are three stages in its implementation.

1. Immediately before peeling, the skin is treated with a special cleanser and degreaser.
2. An even layer of glycolic acid of the selected concentration is applied. The exposure is maintained. The patient is warned that he will feel skin tingling, itching or tingling.
3. A solution is applied - a neutralizer that stops the action of the acid. At the end of the procedure, the skin is moisturized with a cream.

The procedure is carried out in three stages

To reduce the unpleasant burning sensation during exfoliant exposure, a special device is used to blow the skin. This reduces pain without disturbing the effect of the procedure.

Important! The time of exposure and the features of the session - all this is controlled by a specialist.

Pre-peel preparation

In order for glycolic peeling to be successful, 7-14 days before the procedure, a special composition should be applied to equalize the pH of the skin. This procedure should be carried out after preliminary cleansing of the skin from impurities, since the components of such a product do not penetrate well through the oily film, and the measure may be ineffective. The preparation solution always contains 5-10% glycolic acid and in some cases other fruit acids (eg lactic acid) are added.

• In the first 4-5 days, the composition is applied only at bedtime.
• And in the following days - in the morning and in the evening.
• If the patient's skin is dry, then throughout the preparation, the drug is applied only 1 time per day.
• On the day of the glycol peeling, the composition is not applied.

Features of care after the procedure

Earlier it was said that the effect of peeling can be strong and cause a number of body responses. In fact, the effect of acid is compared to a burn. Therefore, before the procedure, the doctor prepares not only the skin, but also the patient himself - he tells in detail what rules must be observed, how the rehabilitation period proceeds.

One of the most common questions that patients ask is how quickly pain and burning go away. Usually, with the end of the session, the discomfort disappears. In case of hypersensitivity, it may persist in a mild form the next day.

Unpleasant sensations usually disappear with the end of the session.

Swelling and redness of the treated area is also a potential reaction. Their intensity depends on the characteristics of the skin and the depth of peeling. But most often the period of maximum manifestation is several hours after manipulation.

Sometimes brown crusts form. In no case should they be removed, as additional trauma can lead to scarring or areas of hyperpigmentation.

Peeling is an expected skin reaction after peeling. To reduce discomfort, you can use moisturizers recommended by your doctor.

The skin may peel, and this is normal.

Therapeutic effects, the time of their manifestation, the boundaries of normal sensations are discussed with the doctor. If an unexpected reaction occurs, you should contact a specialist.

The course consists of sessions, the number of which is determined by the doctor. Usually 4 to 10 manipulations are performed. The amount may vary depending on the initial condition of the skin, age, tasks to be solved.

The doctor, considering each individual case, determines the required number of procedures

Skin care continues between sessions. Usually it consists in treatment with weak solutions of hydroxyacetic acid to consolidate the result.

It is best to schedule a glycol peel during the fall/winter season so as not to expose the skin to aggressive UV radiation. And even when the sun is not too active, it is worth using a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.

It is better to carry out the procedure in autumn or winter

Important! During the course, it is worth abandoning active water procedures, visiting saunas, baths, swimming pools.

Stages of the procedure

Glycolic peeling is a simple, effective procedure, what it is, how a session is performed, the client can learn from a specialist. Be sure to carry out skin tests to exclude allergies, then the skin is cleaned with lotion.

Cleanse the skin, then apply glycolic acid. Pain medications are not required, although clients experience a slight burning sensation. When applying several layers, the patient will experience more pain, but the procedure will give a greater effect.

Acid neutralization is an important step. The surface of the skin must be wiped with a towel dipped in cool water or a napkin. The duration of the process is 10-20 minutes. After the end of the session, a regenerating cream is applied.

How to carry out the procedure at home?

It is possible to carry out the removal of dead cells, improve the condition of the skin at home.

Cosmetics manufacturers produce ready-made formulations of safe concentration for a session on their own. An important condition for the effectiveness of the salon, as well as the home procedure, is the preparation of the skin of the face. For this purpose, cosmetic products containing fruit acid (usually a small concentration) are applied - within 1-2 weeks. The drug is applied once at bedtime.

Important pre-procedure preparation

Consider the order of manipulation.

1. The composition is applied to clean skin. The face is rinsed with water and gently, without rubbing, drained with a clean towel.
2. The peeling preparation is applied with a fan-shaped cosmetic brush. The instruction describes the amount of the drug to be applied (one layer) and the application scheme. The sequence should be followed: chin, nose, forehead, cheeks. It is important to avoid getting the peeling product on the area around the eyes. Movements should be neat, smooth, without pressure.
3. An important point is the exposure of the drug. The recommended time ranges from 2 to 15 minutes. It depends on the individual characteristics of the skin, age, characteristics of the peeling agent (primarily concentration).
4. After the specified time, the skin of the face is treated with a neutralizer. A solution of baking soda will perfectly cope with this role: a teaspoon of the substance in a glass of water. Soak a cotton swab with the finished composition and gently remove the exfoliant from the treated area.
5. The rest is washed off with water. Usually the procedure ends with the application of a moisturizing cream or action mask. In this capacity, you can use a product containing jojoba oil.

The full course includes 4-6 procedures. For safety reasons, between sessions it is necessary to observe a gap of 1-2 weeks.

It is necessary to take breaks between courses of therapy

It is worth noting! It is important to be careful and careful when carrying out the procedure yourself. At the first sign of a problem, you must end the session.

In order to correctly navigate the situation, we will get acquainted with the list of possible complications.

Step-by-step instruction

Before application, the skin is disinfected, cleansed with lotions. The drug is applied with a brush, starting from the frontal area to the chin. You can additionally process the neck and décolleté area.

During exfoliation, you may feel a slight burning, tingling sensation. If it is uncomfortable, then the session must be stopped, after thoroughly cleansing the face. It is necessary to follow the chemical processes. If redness or swelling appears during the session, then the agent is removed from this area. If there are several such zones, peeling is contraindicated.

After the face is cleaned with a damp cloth, then a means is applied to neutralize hazardous compounds. It is also necessary to apply a cream that protects against UV radiation. At the end of the use of acids, slight redness and peeling are possible on the face, which should disappear after a few days. After exfoliation, it is necessary to use a sunscreen, because as a result of chemical exposure, it has become more vulnerable to UV factor.

Most popular: Nature rejuvenation with Parafango applications

Peeling is applied in a course of 4-10 sessions with a break of several weeks. The interval between courses should be the maximum for recovery. In between, use products with a low content of aggressive compounds to achieve the effect.

Unpleasant consequences after peeling

Glycolic peeling can have side effects, complications associated with various reasons.

Glycolic peeling at home is possible and safe, subject to the rules, recommendations of specialists, instructions for the drug. The best defense against complications is their prevention.

It is worth considering in advance the possible consequences

Neutralization of acids is a mandatory step

Acids must be neutralized when they have reached the required depth of penetration, otherwise the acids will not penetrate as deeply, leading to negative results. Neutralization is carried out by any means with a classic pH (for example, soda or plain, salted water). You can apply the neutralizing composition with a cotton pad to those areas where the composition must be neutralized initially, and then apply to the skin. After the composition is washed off with plain water.

The depth of exposure directly depends on the time of application. If acids are left on the skin for a long time, wounds can be fatal. Therefore, glycolic acids are applied for a strictly described time. The developers of the technique have proven that effective results can be achieved with acids of a lower concentration, if combined with ultrasonic treatment.

Contraindications

Before agreeing to the procedure, it is worthwhile to study in detail the contraindications:

Contraindications to consider

If you want to combine several cosmetic procedures, you must inform the doctor about your plans. Some of them may not be compatible.

Precautionary measures

Side effects

Cleansing the skin in this way does not cause significant negative effects when used correctly. Moderate swelling, peeling, itching will disappear within a few days.

More serious complications in the form of burns or allergies appear due to non-compliance with the protocol of the procedure or the individual characteristics of the organism.

Contraindications

• Hypervitaminosis A;
• Pregnancy, lactation;
• exacerbation of herpes;
• Demodicosis;
• Fresh tan, recent epilation, eyebrow correction;
• Infectious diseases of the skin;
• Taking retinoids, tetracycline;
• Somatic and chronic diseases;
• Individual intolerance to the components of the composition.

Problematic skin can be the result of allergies, so before any chemical peel, a consultation with a dermatologist is necessary.

The cost of drugs

Among the companies producing products for glycolic peeling, one can note products from Belita-Viteks (50% concentration at a pH of 2.5), as well as from Medical Collagene 3D Easy Peel (10% concentration at a pH of 2.8 ). Funds are available for purchase in cosmetic stores, pharmacies or online stores.

Funds made in Russia can be purchased at a price of 500 to 2,500 rubles, depending on the number of milliliters. Belarusian manufacturers offer their drugs at a price of 1,000 - 1,500 rubles per 250 ml bottle.

Many factors determine the cost of drugs

We will indicate the cost of the procedure in clinics in different cities of Russia.

How much does glycolic facial peeling cost in beauty salons

The cost of one procedure - 1500–5000 rubles. It depends on the price at which glycolic acid is purchased for face peeling, as well as on the level of the institution and the qualifications of the specialist. The total cost of the course is at least 7500 rubles.

Such a high price for a glycolic facial peel is fully justified by the good results that clients receive.

Read the material on the topic: Ultrasonic facial skin peeling - a pleasant and healthy procedure for your skin

Questions

Can glycolic peels be performed on patients with sensitive skin?

If there is no medical indication, it is better to consult a doctor and replace the glycol peel with another suitable procedure.

If there is an allergic rash on the skin, can peeling be performed?

A rash can be a sign of a serious illness. Therefore, first of all, it is worth finding out the cause, treating it. The possibility of carrying out the procedure depends on the results obtained.

How long does it take to recover after peeling?

The terms of recovery and healing of the skin depend on the concentration of the agent, individual characteristics. After the use of drugs with a low concentration, the recovery period takes up to 3 days. After using more saturated products, the period can reach up to 10 days.

The process is quite interesting.

Question answer

On sensitive skin, this peeling is carried out only when indicated. But, in general, doctors do not advise glycolic acid in this case.
If there is a rash of unknown etiology, then it is better to refrain from the procedure. For an accurate answer, you need to consult a doctor.

It depends on how high the concentration of the drug was used. For example, after superficial peeling, they recover up to 3 days. But in the case of median exposure, rehabilitation increases to 10 days.

Reviews

Elena, Vladimir

“The purpose of my visit to the salon was to get rid of acne, age spots. The doctor used the drug with a high concentration of 70%. The course consisted of 10 procedures. I had to spend some time at home, but I really liked the result. The bonus was getting rid of fine wrinkles.

Women are satisfied with such peeling

Svetlana, Saratov

“I decided on the procedure because of the beginning age-related problems. I heard that glycol peeling is a powerful stimulant for the skin. The skin reaction was very strong - redness, swelling. On the advice of a beautician, I used cosmetic vaseline. But I got the result. The skin is refreshed and looks younger.

Test to identify a possible allergic reaction

Before the procedure, the doctor must conduct a test to exclude possible allergic reactions to the composition. Such a test is performed a day before the peel itself.

This event consists in applying the drug to the skin of the elbow. After a certain time, the agent is washed off, and over the next 24 hours the patient must observe the condition of the skin.

If you are allergic to the composition at the site of application, the following symptoms occur:

• a pronounced burning sensation or other uncomfortable manifestations;
• intense redness, present for several hours.

If signs of an allergic reaction or questionable test results are detected, the patient should refuse to perform a glycol peel. Sometimes, to eliminate doubts with unexpressed test results, the test is repeated on a small area of ​​the cheek.

Expert opinion

Valeria S., plastic surgeon

“I find glycol peeling quite aggressive. Unwanted side effects include thinning of the skin. Therefore, in order to achieve your goals, you can always find alternative procedures or carry out glycol peeling very carefully.”

Doctors say the procedure is invasive

Irina Dorofeeva, cosmetologist

“Glycolic acid in a small concentration is used by manufacturers of popular cosmetics: lotions, tonics. For the procedure in salons, concentrated preparations with a deeper effect are used. The patient always has a choice. A consultation with a cosmetologist will help determine the method and avoid complications.

Expert opinion

• Surgeon
• beautician

Elsa Borodina

plastic surgeon

I oppose the use of glycolic peels, as they do more harm than good. The fact is that the skin after it becomes thin, like parchment. But in older patients, it is not restored.

Irina Dorofeeva

practicing cosmetologist

Glycolic acid can be found in household products. It can be a variety of lotions, tonics. But you need to understand that its concentration there is minimal (no more than 5%). As for peelings for professional use, they contain more glycolic acid (25-75%). In this case, the session is carried out only by a doctor. Peeling itself leads to exfoliation, softening of the skin, its hydration, elimination of inflammation.
Glycolic peeling is not a panacea for all skin problems, but it can significantly transform it, getting rid of dead cells, the effects of acne, age spots and wrinkles.
Photos before and after a course of glycolic peeling procedures No. 2

Photos before and after the course of glycolic peeling procedures No. 3

Methodology

1. The first procedure before peeling is a thorough make-up removal, which can be carried out using various means (milk, washing gel, etc.).
2. After cleansing the skin, it must be degreased with a special lotion.
3. The application of the active composition, the concentration of which is determined individually, is performed using a brush or swab. In some salons, to reduce the discomfort that occurs at this stage of peeling, cold air baths are performed in the form of a stream of cold air directed at the face.
4. Neutralization of the active component of glycolic peeling is carried out using a slightly alkaline or alkaline agent. After that, the skin is washed with an isotonic sodium chloride solution, which prevents it from drying out for several hours.

There may be several sessions of glycolic peeling to achieve the desired result. Depending on the clinical case, their number can reach 5-10. On average, the number of procedures is at least 5, and the interval between them is determined individually (usually it is at least 7 days).

Preparatory stage

The best time for peeling is winter or autumn, as there is minimal solar activity at this time.

Expert opinion

Elena Apostoliuk

beautician

Two weeks or a month before the first procedure, a period of preparation of the epidermis should be completed - it is necessary to treat the skin daily with a cosmetic product that contains no more than 5% glycolic acid - this will help reduce the number of dead cells.

Indications for use

• mimic and age wrinkles;
• loss of elasticity;
• dark spots;
• signs of photoaging of the skin;
• shallow scars;
• excessive production of subcutaneous fat;
• enlarged pores;
• severe peeling;
• acne or non-inflamed pimples.

At home, you can prepare the skin with glycol peeling for deeper exfoliation or facial plastic surgery.

Possible Complications

Some women experience dry skin after glycol peeling.
In most cases, with proper preparation and professional performance, as well as following all the doctor's recommendations regarding the rehabilitation period, glycol peeling does not cause adverse reactions and complications. However, sometimes the patient may experience:

• dry skin - often appears and is eliminated using special cosmetics for post-peeling care;
• burns - with the wrong choice of concentration of glycolic acid or the wrong time for applying the composition;
• age spots - a complication occurs with increased skin photosensitivity or non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations on the need to apply sunscreen after the procedure;
• allergies - appears only if the test is performed incorrectly before applying the composition to the skin and is eliminated by taking antihistamines.

Where does peeling begin?

First, the skin must be prepared and cleaned of cosmetics and impurities. To do this, use a special cleansing and moisturizing lotion. Then the face should be rinsed with warm water and wait until it dries. This is how you prepare your skin for the glycolic acid peel. Then, using a brush, the acid itself of the required concentration is carefully and evenly applied. Make sure that the solution does not get on the area around the eyes, because there is the most sensitive and delicate skin. In case of contact, immediately wash off with a neutralizing agent or warm water, otherwise you may get burned.

The solution should be on the skin for a maximum of 5 minutes. When peeling with glycolic acid, you may feel a slight burning and tingling sensation - this is a normal reaction. You can direct a stream of cool air to your face (fan, fan, etc.), so the discomfort will be less noticeable. In case of severe redness and burning, wash off the acid immediately.

You need to wash off the solution with a special neutralizing agent, it is sold in kits, or can be ordered separately. If you do not have this remedy, use plain warm water. After glycolic peeling, you need to intensively moisturize the skin with creams and serums, preferably in the form of foams or gels. If the redness does not go away for a long time, you can make a cool compress from the infusion of green tea.

A week and a half before the procedure, and in the intervals between peels, use cosmetic products that include glycolic acid. So you keep the effect after peeling for a long time. Skin care products during and after peeling with glycolic acid, a specialist will help you choose a consultation.

If you have dry or combination skin, exfoliate once every two weeks. For oily skin, one treatment per week is sufficient.

Revitalizing creams should be used for several days after the procedure. On day 3-5, you can start using your usual cosmetics. Also remember to protect your skin from sun exposure. Use sunscreen with a high level of protection.

Most importantly, in order to achieve the desired result, this procedure should be taken very seriously. Although glycol peeling is considered the safest and most painless way to renew and improve the skin, it must be done according to all the rules. The best way to turn to professionals, so you will be sure of the quality and safety of the result. But if you decide to do everything yourself, do not risk it and consult a doctor. He will clearly describe to you the schedule of application, and the necessary drugs. And only then begin the procedure yourself.

It is also necessary to use high-quality preparations for peeling with glycolic acid that have been clinically tested and approved by the Ministry of Health. Do not take this procedure lightly, a careless attitude can lead to terrible consequences.

Deciding to save money, you will lose not only money for treatment, but also precious health and beauty.

Glycolic acid peels are best done in early autumn or spring, when the sun is not too bright and the wind is not cold. Also, before the procedure, you should not visit the solarium and use self-tanning.

The mechanism of action of acid on the skin of the face

Glycolic acid belongs to the category of fruit and is extracted from green grapes or sugar cane. This organic compound dissolves perfectly in cold water and penetrates deep into the layers of the skin, providing a nourishing effect.

In addition, the procedure accelerates the process of natural production of hyaluronic acid in the skin, and it is "responsible" for rejuvenation and helps smooth wrinkles. After treatment with an organic compound, the skin receives the maximum amount of water, vitamins and trace elements during subsequent skin care procedures.

The mechanism of action of glycol peeling on the skin

The result of regular glycolic peeling will be not only skin cleansing and getting rid of black spots and enlarged pores, but also rejuvenation. The complexion will become natural, a pleasant blush will appear, and you can forget about acne and peeling for a long time.

We recommend reading about superficial peeling of the face. You will learn about the options for superficial peeling, indications and contraindications for the procedure, the drugs used. Learn more about deep facial peeling here.

How to prepare for peeling?

Acid peeling is a serious procedure for cleansing the skin. It can cause some discomfort. To prevent this, it is necessary to properly prepare the skin. Peeling always causes burns, so the skin needs to be helped to recover from the stress.

Before the procedure, it is recommended to cleanse the skin with scrubs several times a day, do not sunbathe and do not use cosmetics. Before deep or medium peeling, it is recommended to apply ointments that protect the body from herpes and other infections.

Skin care in the post-peel period

It is very important to follow some rules for skin care in the post-peeling period.

• do not sunbathe or just be in direct sunlight. They can worsen the condition of the skin and negate the effect of the procedure.
• you should refrain from visiting the bath and sauna during the period of skin regeneration
• do not apply decorative make-up on the skin for two weeks
• do not forget to use protective and regenerating post-peeling masks and creams
• to be observed by a beautician and inform him of the slightest problems that have arisen

Compliance with these rules and measures will help the skin recover in a short period.

Hillary Rodham (Clinton) is an American political activist and presidential candidate, she was born on October 26, 1947 in Chicago. She had to overcome many obstacles in her life. Despite the fact that the woman failed to take the presidency, she strives to make the lives of her fellow citizens better and calls for prudence and adequacy. Now she is one of the most influential women in world politics, representing the Democratic Party. Colleagues consider Clinton an ambitious and strong woman who is aware of her competence.

Active childhood

The future First Lady was born into a conservative family of adherents of the Baptist Church. Her father Hugh Ellsworth was the owner of a fabric supply company in Chicago. Despite his prosperous financial condition, he urged his family to save on everything. Sometimes Hugh lost his temper at the sight of open toothpaste, made the children follow him out into the snow. Nevertheless, Hillary adored her father, tried in every possible way to earn his respect.

The girl's mother, Dorothy Emma Howell, ran the household. After the birth of Hillary, she had two more sons, Tony and Hugh. Dorothy could not get an education, she devoted her whole life to her husband and raising children. When the youngest son, Hugh, was born, the family moved to suburban Park Ridge.

Rodham dreamed of becoming the first woman in space since childhood. She even wrote to NASA, but she was answered with a categorical refusal. The girl had other hobbies: she was a girl scout, skated and played baseball. Hillary took an active part in the public life of the city, helped the Republican Barry Goldwater in his election campaign.

From the age of twelve, the future political activist suffered from myopia. She refused to wear glasses, considering it a detriment to her image. Despite this, Rodham easily managed to rein in the bullies, she was the captain of the school patrol. In 1965, she graduated from high school, after which the graduate entered the Wellesley Women's College. It was considered one of the best in the United States, the educational institution was a member of the Seven Sisters Association.

Difficulties in college

At school, Hillary was popular and respected, so she was unaccustomed to the prejudice in college. Many students were from wealthy families, they repeatedly traveled abroad, they had their own cars. The girl was laughed at because of her poverty and simplicity of appearance. Rodham even wanted to go home, but her father dissuaded her. It was from him that the daughter inherited her stubborn and stubborn character, so she had to fight her way through ridicule from fellow students.

The college had strict rules. The students could communicate with men only on Sundays, during their meetings the doors were always ajar. Later, Hillary became president of the student organization and insisted on the abolition of these rules. It is noteworthy that in her youth she supported the views of conservatives. The organization that elected the girl as president was called the Wellesley Young Republicans. But even at that time, the student often doubted the correctness of her choice. She said that her heart belongs to the Democrats, although her mind leans towards the Republicans.

In 1969, Hillary received a bachelor's degree in political science. To continue her studies, the student had to go to Alaska to work. There she washed dishes all summer in the Mount McKinley Reserve and cleaned salmon. Sometimes a girl had to stand knee-deep in blood, but she was clearly aware of her goals and went towards them.

After that, she entered the law school, which was located at Yale University. It was there that the girl met her future husband, Bill Clinton. In 1973, she received her doctorate, the next year the student devoted to the study of pediatric medicine. After completing the course, she was offered to become a lawyer at the Children's Defense Fund. The teachers noted the seriousness of Hillary and her ability to argue.

Political activity

In 1974, the future presidential candidate became a member of the legal commission. In its composition, Rodham prepared an indictment, the purpose of which was the resignation of Richard Nixon. From 1978 to 1980, she was on the board of the Legal Services Corporation. During this period, the financial fund of the organization has tripled.

In 1979, Clinton, who at that time was already the spouse of Hillary, became the governor of Arkansas. The woman became the First Lady, she made several educational reforms, devoted a lot of time to the problem of gender inequality. The public figure joined the board of directors of the American Bar Association, lobbied for the interests of women in this area.

In 1992, Bill won the election, and his wife became the head of the health reform committee. But due to constant chicanery from the Republicans, she had to leave the post after a year. After that, Hillary continued to deal with the issues of women and children. In parallel, she became the managing director of Wall-Mart. The income received helped the woman become financially independent from her husband.

In 2000, Clinton was elected a New York state senator. Until 2007, she occupied a leading position among presidential candidates, but at the last moment she abandoned the fight in favor of Barack Obama. In January 2009, Hillary becomes the state secretary of the country. During her time in this position, she published a memoir, Difficult Forks, about her activities.

Colleagues were ambivalent about Clinton. Many were confused by her clearly expressed political position. The woman was even nicknamed "hawk" due to the fact that she advocated the war on terror. In 2013, John Kerry took her place in the department, and Hillary continued to fight for the rights of women and children. Two years later, she announced that she was running for president.

Presidential Program

Hillary had a certain authority in her native country, so few doubted her victory. Clinton's main rival was Donald Trump. Their views were radically different, and the debate was filled with pronounced aggression. Despite this, the woman did not become personal, she used only her mind and mastery of the word.

Clinton's campaign program was aimed at members of the middle class. The woman wanted to raise the minimum wage, to facilitate employment for immigrants. In addition, she supported representatives of sexual minorities, intended to legalize same-sex marriages.

On November 8, 2016, elections were held in which Hillary lost to Trump. She held herself well, congratulated her opponent and urged her supporters not to interfere with him. Many famous personalities opposed the new president, they categorically disagree with his tough conservative position.

Personal life and family

While studying at college, Clinton met with young people, she even introduced two of them to her parents. But these relationships were short-lived. She later met Bill Clinton and fell in love with him at first sight. But the charming guy did not reciprocate the new acquaintance, and she had to look for ways to his heart.

Hillary gathered information about Bill, and then one day she simply approached him in the library with an offer to meet him. After that meeting, they practically did not part. The lovers traveled around Connecticut and made plans for a joint future. Initially, they had to leave: the girl was offered a job in California, and her boyfriend was going on a business trip to the southern states. But in the end, Bill realized that he did not want to let go of his beloved, and he went with her.

It is noteworthy that Hillary did not immediately agree to marry. In 1973, she refused her lover, because she wanted to decide on her own plan for later life. And only three years later she answered the long-awaited consent.

In 1976, the lovers got married and moved to Arkansas. There, Hillary became a teacher of law at the university, later she was invited to a law office. After some time, Clinton became the governor of the state, a post he held for the next 12 years. His wife helped him draw up the election program.

In February 1980, the only daughter of the Clinton family. They named her Chelsea Victoria. Bill was present at the birth, although at that time such a decision was new for men. For the duration of the political campaign, the daughter was sent to her grandmother. Subsequently, the woman was repeatedly reproached for the fact that for her a political career allegedly turned out to be higher than her family.

Also, rumors of betrayal by Bill periodically appeared in the press, but the US presidential candidate did not want to hear anything about it. But Clinton later confirmed that he had had an intimate relationship with Monica Lewinsky.

When Hillary found out about her husband's infidelity, she was mentally crushed. She no longer wanted to defend the man who had betrayed their love. For some time, the couple did not talk to each other, but impeachment changed everything. The woman had to take the unfaithful Bill's hand again to protect him as president. Now they continue to live together, despite all the difficulties experienced.

Hillary Clinton, whose brief biography will be presented in the article, is a woman politician with a sharp mind, who managed to take a high place in US big politics, will turn into an active public figure. During the presidency, Bill Clinton's wife turned into an ambitious and influential first lady, objectively assessing her abilities and significance. Even after leaving the White House, he stubbornly continues his political career, wanting to fight for the presidency once again.

What interesting things can the biography of Hillary Clinton tell? Nationality - Jewish? Some people are still convinced of this. But this opinion is wrong. Her mother is of Anglo-French descent and her father is of Anglo-Welsh descent. There was talk that Hillary was Jewish when she needed to get into the Senate. Accusations of her anti-Semitic statements rained down from all sides, so the politician quickly discovered a Jewish relative in her ancestry.

Biographical information

Hillary Diane Rodin Clinton was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 26, 1947. In addition to her, in the family of Methodists Hugh Ellsworth Rodham and Dorothy Emma Rodham, two more children were born - Hugh and Anthony. The conservative family followed old Midwestern traditions of respect for family values, going to church on Sundays, good studies, respect for elders, and playing sports.

Her father had a small business. He was engaged in the supply of fabrics, and the mother gave all her strength to housekeeping and childcare. Shortly after the birth of their third child, the family decides to move from the huge metropolis of Chicago to a quieter area - suburban Park Ridge.

The biography of Hillary Clinton in her youth indicates that the girl has always been distinguished by a purposeful, determined disposition than she went to her father. She always received the highest marks for her studies in the class, the teachers could not praise enough for a bright student. But she wanted to fly into space, so in addition to studying, she was actively involved in sports circles, went in for swimming and basketball. Hillary writes a letter to NASA with a request to become the first woman to fly into space, but she was refused, citing the fact that girls are not accepted.

Hillary set the bar high for herself from an early age: she excelled in school, participated in the social and religious life of the city, chaired various school clubs, and assisted Republican Party candidate Barry Goldwater in the campaign. The girl had a habit of entering all her actions in yearbooks in order to work even more efficiently and fruitfully.

Education - start in political life

Hillary Clinton's biography (a photo in her youth can be seen in the article) shows that she brilliantly graduates from high school in 1965, while managing to enter the finals of the state program for the selection of talented students. The program involved 1600 higher prestigious educational institutions, which made it possible to choose one of the most liked ones to continue their studies. The girl prefers Wellesley Women's College, where students were taught liberal arts and were given the opportunity to attend lectures with a political bias.

In college, the girl liked conservative political views more. During her studies, she continues to be active in social activities, so she is soon elected to the honorary position of president of the Wellesley Young Republican Association. But over time, Hillary doubts the correctness of her choice, she later notes that then the mind defended conservative beliefs, but democracy burned in her heart.

Studying at the university: the choice is made

After graduating from college, the future US Secretary of State, according to the results of the exams, went to Harvard and Yale University. Once an ambitious girl decided to introduce the famous professor of law at Harvard University. He was introduced to a talented college graduate: "Professor, meet Hillary Rodham, she can not decide whether to give preference to us or our closest competitor." The teacher sharply replied: "We have absolutely no competitors, and we no longer accept girls." These words prompted Hillary to stop at Yale.

Hillary successfully graduated from university and decided to take the bar exams in Arkansas and Washington. As a result, she receives a coveted position in the Arkansas Bar Association. Founded in 1820, this company was considered one of the most influential and well-known firms located west of the Mississippi River.

Career start - everything is predetermined

Hillary Clinton, whose brief biography is interesting to all her fans, does not stop there, in 1969 she receives a bachelor's degree. She goes to law school at Yale University. It is here that fate brings her to Bill Clinton. One day, she was preparing for classes in the library, but one student could not take his eyes off her. She could not stand it and said: “Young man, I will have to turn away if you do not stop looking at me like that. Or maybe we can get to know each other? By the way, my name is Hillary Rhoden.” The young man introduced himself, and they never parted again.

In 1973, Hillary manages to defend her degree, from now on she is a doctor of law. She attends a course in pediatric medicine at a specialized center at the university, after which she becomes a lawyer at the Children's Defense Fund. Soon, the segment of life devoted to jurisprudence was left in the past. A female lawyer decided to join the ranks of the American political elite.

In 1974, Hillary became a member of the legal commission that prepared the indictment related to the Watergate scandal. The organization carried out large-scale work, which provoked the resignation of President Richard Nixon.

First Lady of Arkansas

In 1975, Hillary marries promising politician Bill Clinton. In 1980, the couple's daughter Chelsea Victoria is born, but Hillary's desire to continue political and social activities dominates the desire to enjoy motherhood to the fullest.

To help her husband get into the highest echelons of power, the young wife herself begins to actively engage in political activities. It was she who worked on compiling a political company, which as a result led to amazing results - Clinton holds the position of attorney general, and two years later becomes governor in Arkansas. But Hillary does not completely leave the legal profession, she is appointed to the board of the Legal Services Corporation. The first lady of the state introduces her innovations in the Arkansas educational standards committee: she changes the norms of the school schedule, introduces the necessary parameters for school classes, implements a law that prescribes testing teachers for aptitude. Hillary not only cares about protecting the rights of the younger generation, she is trying to change society's attitude towards gender differences. For the next 12 years, Hillary Clinton takes a direct part in the life of the state, improves the quality of education and healthcare.

1992 was a significant year for Hillary Clinton. The biography, the personal life of a woman turned out to be even more closely watched by journalists. Her husband wins the presidential race in the United States. Her husband invites her to head a health reform committee. She is not in office for long, because her activities do not suit the Republicans.

After Hillary Clinton, height, weight, age, whose habits are more and more interested in the population every day, decides to protect the interests of women and children in the United States, becomes the general manager of the huge American company Wal-Mart, which belongs to one of the largest retail chains. Business activity turns the first lady of the United States into a financially independent spouse, in 1993 her income amounted to 250 thousand dollars, and her husband received only 35 thousand dollars. By the way, something that Hillary Clinton's biography does not hide. The woman's age today is 69 years old, weight - 60 kg, height - 165 cm.

Trial

The Clintons are involved in a legal battle over the Whitewater Corporation in 1994. They were charged with financial fraud. While still in office as governor of Kansas, Clinton decided to invest in a construction company that later went bankrupt. Losses amounted to about $45 million. The former governor also lost an impressive amount, but this explanation did not calm the investors, they believed that he was obliged to monitor the company's activities. At the same time, Hillary worked for a law firm that served Whitewater.

No one could either confirm or prove the involvement of the Clinton couple in fraud. In court, the case was closed due to lack of irrefutable evidence.

No sooner had the Whitewater fraud scandal died down than the scandalous news about Bill Clinton's love relationship with intern Monica Lewinsky blew up the world's media. The girl had a relationship with the president from November 1995 to March 1997. Later, she goes to work at the Pentagon, and the connection would have remained a secret, but Monica's friend decided to make public the recording of her phone conversation with revelations.

Even in such a piquant situation, Hillary did not turn away from her husband, she publicly stated that the scandal was conceived in order to discredit the name of the president. Although Clinton decided to confess his sin and, as a result of impeachment, leaves his high post.

The decision to act in the political arena

Hillary Clinton decides to run for New York State Senator and subsequently wins the election. Previously, behind her husband's back, no one noticed Hillary's strong-willed qualities, her rigidity and propensity for decisive action. When considering issues directly related to military policy and related to the fight against terrorism, she acted peremptorily and strictly, so her colleagues gave her the appropriate nickname - "hawk". In 2002, she lobbied for the start of hostilities in Iraq, and in 2005 she opposed the withdrawal of troops from the battlefield.

Hillary Clinton in 2007 begins the presidential election campaign. Rapid success awaited her, she tops the lists in the ratings as the most recognizable candidate. The world froze in anticipation of the outcome of the elections, the decisive senator is compared even with Angela Merkel. But just before the election, voters changed their minds, so Hillary refuses to run for president, and young politician Barack Obama gets the presidency.

The post of Secretary of State is a failed attempt

In 2008, the new US President Barack Obama offers Hillary Clinton to take the post of Secretary of State, and already in January, senators elected her to this position. For the first time, the former first lady of the country gets into the State Department.

While in office, Hillary writes a memoir, Difficult Forks. It is in the title of the book that the meaning of her work as Secretary of State is hidden. Clinton is known for her decisive policies: she supports the strengthening of the military regime in Libya and Afghanistan and approves of the Arab Spring. In the allies, such actions caused extremely positive impressions, but everyone else considers her work as Secretary of State "an American mistake." In 2013, Hillary Clinton leaves office and John Kerry is elected in her place.

Trouble continues

With Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State, another high-profile scandal is associated. The details of her e-mail, thanks to which she carried out correspondence during her work as Secretary of State, became public. Such an action brings serious troubles and refers to crimes against the state, because it poses a threat to US security, due to the declassification of classified information. A special check of Hillary Clinton's mail was carried out, after which it turned out that no secret information was found in the mail, but one and a half thousand letters were classified as confidential, and as a result they were classified.

Hillary Clinton continues to fight

During her husband's presidency, Hillary gained great experience in governing the country, because she knew firsthand about the internal affairs of the state. In 2015, she decides to enter the election race for the next presidential election scheduled for November 2016.

Clinton and Trump from the very first days of the election battles began to actively oppose each other, because both candidates do not intend to give up. The world community froze before the debate between them - rife with aggressive statements, characteristic of both candidates.

The main focus of Hillary Clinton's campaign assurances was her support for immigration reform, which would allow many migrants to get legal jobs. She also announced her loyal position regarding the protection of the rights of the middle class, she wanted to take steps to overcome the unequal incomes of the country's inhabitants and raise the minimum wage.

Even the most conservative residents of the country believed that victory would be in the hands of a woman politician. Oligarch Donald Trump confidently won the majority of votes. Clinton, who lost, called her competitor and congratulated him on his victory.

personal happiness

As evidenced by the biography of Hillary Clinton, the personal life of this woman has developed in the best possible way. The daughter of Hillary and Bill Clinton studied at Stanford University, after graduation she worked in her father's charitable foundation. In 2010, she marries banker Mark Mezvinsky, the wedding event was estimated at several million dollars. In 2014, Hillary and Bill had a wonderful granddaughter, Charlotte, and in 2016, their grandson, Aidan.