« Swan, Pike and Crayfish" - a fable by Ivan Andreevich Krylov, written in 1814 and published in the collection “New Fables” (1816, part 4). The plot contains a hint of the events of that time: the dissatisfaction of Russian society with the actions of the political allies of Emperor Alexander (the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon); according to another version, contemporaries connected the plot of the fable with disagreements between members of the State Council.

FableSwan, pike and crayfish

When there is no agreement among comrades,

Things won't go well for them,

And nothing will come out of it, only torment.

Once upon a time Swan, Cancer, and Pike

They began to carry a cart full of luggage,

And together the three all harnessed themselves to it;

They are doing their best, but the cart is still moving!

The luggage would seem light to them:

Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds,

The cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water.

Who is to blame and who is right is not for us to judge;

Yes, but things are still there.

Fable of Ivan Andreevich Krylov,

written in 1814.

Fable Swan, pike and crayfish - analysis

The fable consists of two parts, separated from each other graphically - a short edification at the beginning and the main narrative.

With the heroes this time everything is very smooth and simple, three different in nature: the swan can only fly both physically and in his thoughts, the cancer, what can’t be done, backs away, and the pike is only destined to swim. The moral of the fable is that there are things inherent in animals and people by nature that nothing can be done about, they cannot be changed, no matter how hard you try.

In friendship, what is important is the combination of characters who are united in spirit and aspirations, and if there is no agreement among the comrades, then no matter how hard they try, none of them will be right or wrong - the matter will not be argued. Everyone follows their instinct, works for the good, but nothing is the same today. What idea inspired Krylov to write this fable? Probably people hiding or not understanding their true intentions in creating a common cause.

2nd grade

Ivan Andreevich Krylov is a great Russian fabulist who made the fable not only a sharply satirical work, but raised it to unprecedented heights. His works are not only original and highly artistic, but they have not lost their significance even today.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov

Fable- these are short, most often poetic stories, where instead of people there are animals, birds, trees, things, and their lives are told. There is always a lesson or moral, advice in a fable. Morals condemn stupid or bad actions.

Heroes of the fable

• Swan - rushing into the clouds
• Cancer - backing away
• Pike - pulls into the water

Krylov borrows his images from folklore; thanks to this, the writer does not need detailed characteristics of the heroes; stereotypes have already developed over the centuries. In this way he achieves conciseness and accuracy of characteristics, and an unmistakable hit on the truth.

Defining images

Swan

Pike

Swift

Clumsy

He only knows his stuff

He only knows his stuff

He only knows his stuff

Morality

When there is no agreement among comrades,

Things won't go well for them,

And nothing will come out of it, only torment.

Together it’s not burdensome, but at least leave it apart.

Where there is harmony, there is treasure.

Popular expression

And nothing has changed.

• Fairy tale
• Heroes: animals
• Events: helping each other
• Conclusion: good conquers evil

• Fable
• Heroes: animals, birds, trees
• Events: act as a person, show his shortcomings
• Conclusion: understand the shortcoming and fix it

With the heroes this time everything is very smooth and simple, three different in nature: the swan can only fly both physically and in his thoughts, the cancer, what can’t be done, backs away, and the pike is only destined to swim. The moral of the fable is that there are things inherent in animals and people by nature that nothing can be done about, they cannot be changed, no matter how hard you try.

In friendship, what is important is the combination of characters who are united in spirit and aspirations, and if there is no agreement among the comrades, then no matter how hard they try, none of them will be right or wrong - the matter will not be argued. Everyone follows their instinct, works for the good, but nothing is the same today. What idea inspired Krylov to write this fable? Probably people hiding or not understanding their true intentions in creating a common cause.

I.A. has it. Krylov's fable "Swan, pike and crayfish". We won’t consider morality for now. Let's remember a modern story. A man bought himself a new sofa and is trying to bring it into his apartment. The sofa is stuck - neither forward nor backward. I asked a neighbor on the site to help. He willingly took it on. Now they are dragging together. They try, they struggle, they puff, the sweat pours like hail - but the sofa still stands. Finally the owner of the sofa says: “That’s it. Enough. I feel like we’ll never bring him into the apartment.” The assistant’s amazed question: “So we’re bringing it in?!” What remains is the very topical fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish.” Morality is as relevant in the 21st century as it was in the 19th.

One of the most famous fables

The ironic writer wrote more than two hundred fables. At any moment of life and everyday life, he knew how to see stupidity and ridicule it. If you ask any passerby on the street what fables I.A. He remembers Krylov, he will name a few without hesitation. And he will also remember that there is also the fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish.” Morality, if we ask, will quickly come out.

This is a Russian classic, a golden treasure. Well, in our time, this was Faina Ranevskaya, who aphoristically and aptly, in one phrase, knew how to show off someone’s swagger, etc. So was the one who passed away early. And how many aphorisms and epigrams were written by people who know how to look at current events from a different perspective are not translated on Russian soil.

How did the brilliant fabulist begin to write?

It took me a while to find a genre in which he would have no equal, I.A. Krylov. At first he wrote opera librettos, tragedies, comedies - plays. In one of the comedies, he made the main character (under a different name, of course, but this was clear to his contemporaries) the famous writer Ya.B. Princess. In a comedy, the main character is shown with irony. This lively and funny caricature forever quarreled the author with the playwright. Krylov had an unsuccessful attempt to publish a satirical magazine, and he also continued to write plays, essays, and pamphlets. Without realizing it, apparently, he was gaining literary experience.

Fables

At the age of 36, Krylov in Moscow showed the fabulist I.I. Dmitriev translations of La Fontaine's fables. There were only two of them, but Ivan Ivanovich supported Krylov’s interest in this genre, saying that he had finally found his direction. Ivan Andreevich was an excellent expert in the Russian language. In addition, he was prone to ridicule and pessimism and allegorical retelling of ancient stories. Nature created him to write fables, and he, having published three witty works in 1906, again wrote satirical plays and began to write comedy in verse. Finally, in 1808, he published seventeen original fables. The following year he published a volume consisting of twenty-three fables. He received well-deserved success among his contemporaries, which would continue to accompany him throughout his life. Despite criticism from N.A. Zhukovsky, the reading public recognized Krylov’s original talent, which distinguishes him from other literary figures.

His works were not random sketches of inspiration. He worked carefully on each fable, thinking deeply about every word and detail. He strove for maximum brevity and aphorism, carefully preserving apt Russian words. He performed the moral teachings at the end of the fable so carefully that they quickly became proverbs.

Political subtext

In 1814, the fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish” was written, the moral of which is expressed in the first tercet. It was dedicated to the fact that the Russian public was irritated by the actions of the allies of Alexander I after the end of the war of 12. The fable was written on the eve of the Congress of Vienna, which took place later, very slowly, for almost nine months, in dancing and entertainment, defining other borders of European states. There is another option. It shows the disagreements of the State Council.

This short work was perceived by the fabulist's contemporaries as a sharp, topical satire on the state. Today the fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish” is not entirely politically readable. Morality, as a rule, lies at the everyday level. But it can always be read as sharp and politically topical.

Krylov's fable "Swan, pike and crayfish"

This work was published in 1816 in the collection “New Fables”. It has only twelve lines. There are three characters - a bird, an arthropod and a fish. They need to transport a cart with small luggage. It's not heavy. Everything should go quickly and well. Everyone tries their best in their own way. But nothing moves. The whole trouble is that the Swan soars into the sky. And he can’t do it any other way. Cancer moves as Cancer should - backwards. The third comrade, Pike, of course, heads towards the water. What is the moral of the fable “The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike?” The author is not looking for someone to blame. He directly says that it is not for us to judge them.

And the fact that the cart stood still in one place is because the common task must be done in concert, according to a single plan. And we need a boss, someone whom everyone will obey. And if everyone does something at their own discretion, then nothing will work out. How it happened to the three unfortunates. This is the vital and simple moral of Krylov’s fable “The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike.”

Rice. 1. Monument to I. A. Krylov in St. Petersburg ()

In previous lessons we learned that Ivan Andreevich Krylov was a great Russian fabulist. Monuments to him have been erected throughout the country. One of them stands in St. Petersburg, in the Summer Garden, where grandfather Krylov loved to walk (Fig. 1). The monument was made by sculptor P. Klodt.

Rice. 2. Pedestal of the monument to Krylov ()

The pedestal of the monument is decorated with figures of heroes from Krylov’s fables (Fig. 2). Many expressions from grandfather Krylov’s fables have become popular. We often say them, without even thinking that these words were first uttered by Krylov’s heroes. Let's remember them and name the fables from which these lines are taken.

The powerful always have the powerless to blame.

(fable “The Wolf and the Lamb”);

There is no beast stronger than a cat.

(fable “The Mouse and the Rat”);

And Vaska listens and eats.

(fable “The Cat and the Cook”);

The eye sees, but the tooth numbs.

(fable “The Fox and the Grapes”);

To be a musician, you need skill.

Let's characterize the characters as animals. The swan is a large, strong bird that flies at altitude and has a large wingspan. Cancer moves in a special way. He backs away. And the cancer lives under driftwood. The pike swims in the lake wherever it wants. The heroes were unable to move the luggage because each one was pulling in his own direction.

The characters make us feel sorry. The author of the fable also regrets that his comrades did not agree, and they were unable to move the luggage from its place. Ivan Krylov wrote this fable because he wanted to teach us how to act in this situation and wanted to tell us how to learn from the mistakes of others. There are words in the fable that suggest that the cart could be carried. The author names the heroes of the work comrades and says that “the luggage would seem light to them.”

The way the characters did their jobs makes readers smile. But this laughter is good, not evil.

The moral of the story is:

When there is no agreement among comrades,

Things won't go well for them.

Let's make up questions for the fable and answer them with popular expressions from it.

1. What did Swan, Pike and Cancer once plan to do?

Once upon a time Swan, Crayfish and Pike

They began to carry the cart full of luggage.

2 How did they try to get the job done?

They're going out of their way.

3. Did their idea succeed?

But the cart still doesn’t move.

Every educated person should know popular expressions and skillfully use them in their speech.

Let's read an excerpt from the fable and find words that help us see the image of each hero.

They are doing their best, but the cart is still moving!

The luggage would seem light to them:

Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds,

The cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water.

Who is to blame and who is right is not for us to judge;

Yes, but things are still there.

"The swan rushes into the clouds"- he is impetuous, stubborn, fast (Fig. 4).

"Cancer is moving backwards"- he is clumsy, slow (Fig. 5).

"Pike pulls into the water"- persistently does his job (Fig. 6).

Bibliography

1. Klimanova L.F., Vinogradskaya L.A., Boykina M.V. Literary reading. 4. - M.: Enlightenment.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Literary reading. 4. - M.: Balass.
3. Vinogradova N.F., Khomyakova I.S., Safonova I.V. and others / Ed. Vinogradova N.F. Literary reading. 4. - VENTANA-COUNT.

1. Moscow.org ().
2. Children-online.com ().
3. Ru.wikipedia.org ().

Homework

1. Learn by heart the fable “The Swan, the Pike and the Crayfish.” It's expressive to read it.
2. Write down catchphrases from the fable. Practice using them in speech, make sentences with them.
3. * Draw the characters of the fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” the way you imagine them.

A man who hopes without learning is foolish
distinguish between useful and harmful.
Socrates
Socrates(470/469–399 BC) - ancient Greek philosopher, one of the founders of dialectics as a method of finding truth by asking leading questions.

PHYSICS AND FICTION: MECHANICS
Fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” by Ivan Andreevich Krylov

Today on the program fable "Swan, Pike and Crayfish" famous Russian fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov, charming three problems in physics and amazing five illustrations for the fable performed by famous Soviet artists - Evgeniy Mikhailovich Racheva, Alexey Mikhailovich Laptev, Peter Petrovich Repkina, Vladimir Georgievich Arbekova, Mikhail Afanasyevich Taranova.

Fable "Swan, Pike and Crayfish", published in 1816, and today has not lost its relevance, despite the change of scenery and characters;-)

SWAN, PIKE AND CANCER

When there is no agreement among comrades,
Things won't go well for them,
And nothing will come out of it, only torment.
──────────
Once upon a time Swan, Cancer, and Pike
They began to carry a cart full of luggage,
And together the three all harnessed themselves to it;
They are doing their best, but the cart is still moving!
The luggage would seem light to them:
Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds,
The cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water.
Who is to blame and who is right is not for us to judge;
Yes, but things are still there.
1816

Ivan Andreevich Krylov(02/13/1769–11/21/1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. He is best known as the author of 236 fables, collected in nine lifetime collections (published from 1809 to 1843). Along with the fact that most of the plots of Krylov’s fables are original, some of them go back to the fables of La Fontaine (who, in turn, borrowed them from Aesop, Phaedrus and Babrius).
Eggink Ivan Egorovich(1784–1867) – Russian painter, portrait artist, author of historical paintings. Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.

Fable "Swan, Pike and Crayfish"
performed by Igor Ilyinsky
Unfortunately, audio tag is not supported by your browser :-(

Igor Vladimirovich Ilyinsky(1901–1987) - Soviet actor, theater and film director, master of artistic expression (reader). Hero of Socialist Labor. People's Artist of the USSR. Winner of the Lenin Prize and three Stalin Prizes of the first degree.

For the curious:
According to one version, plot of Krylov’s fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” contains a hint of the events of that time, namely, the dissatisfaction of Russian society with the actions of the political allies of Emperor Alexander I (the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon); according to another version, contemporaries connected the plot of the fable with ugly troubles between members of the State Council - the reforms and committees started by Alexander I were unable to move the car of autocracy, deeply mired in disagreements. In this, from a political point of view, Ivan Andreevich Krylov was right;-) And he masterfully portrayed these political turmoil in his illustrations for the fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” one of the most popular children's illustrators of the last century, Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev .

Rachev Evgeniy Mikhailovich(1906–07/02/1997) - Soviet animal artist, one of the most popular children's illustrators of the last century. Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev devoted his entire creative life to children's books, turning ordinary animals and birds into fairy-tale characters.

We don’t know what Grandfather Krylov was actually hinting at, but the quote: “The Swan rushes into the clouds, the Cancer backs away, and the Pike pulls into the water.”, as well as the title of the fable "Swan, Pike and Crayfish" are still used today to characterize confusion and lack of coherence in some matter...
And now... let's dive headfirst into my beloved physics ;-)

performed by Yakov Isidorovich Perelman

The story of how “a swan, a crayfish and a pike began to carry a load of luggage” is known to everyone. But hardly anyone tried to consider this fable from a mechanical point of view. The result is not at all similar to the conclusion of the fabulist Krylov.

Before us is a mechanical problem involving the addition of several forces acting at an angle to one another. The direction of forces is defined in the fable as follows:
...The swan rushes into the clouds,
The crayfish moves back, and the pike pulls into the water.

Rice. 1: Problem about Krylov's swan, crayfish and pike,
solved according to the rules of mechanics

This means (see Fig. 1) that one force, the swan's thrust ( O.A.), directed upward; another, pike pull ( O.B.), – sideways; third, cancer cravings ( O.C.), - back. Let's not forget that there is also a fourth force - the weight of the cart, which is directed vertically downwards. The fable states that “the cart is still there,” in other words, that the resultant of all forces applied to the cart is equal to zero.

Resultant ( O.D.) should drag the cart into the river.

Is it so? Let's see. A swan rushing towards the clouds does not interfere with the work of the crayfish and pike, it even helps them: the swan’s thrust, directed against gravity, reduces the friction of the wheels on the ground and on the axles, thereby lightening the weight of the cart, and perhaps even completely balancing it - after all the load is small (). Assuming the last case for simplicity, we see that only two forces remain: the thrust of the crayfish and the thrust of the pike. The direction of these forces is said to be “The crayfish moves back, but the pike pulls into the water”. It goes without saying that the water was not in front of the cart, but somewhere to the side (the Krylov workers were not going to sink the cart;-) This means that the forces of the crayfish and the pike are directed at an angle to one another. If the applied forces do not lie on the same straight line, then their resultant cannot in any way be equal to zero.

Acting according to the rules of mechanics, we build on both forces O.B. And O.C. parallelogram, its diagonal O.D. gives the direction and magnitude of the resultant. It is clear that this resultant force must move the cart from its place, especially since its weight is fully or partially balanced by the swan’s thrust. Another question is in which direction will the cart move: forward, backward or sideways? This depends on the ratio of forces and on the size of the angle between them.

Readers who have some practice in the addition and expansion of forces will easily understand the case when the force of the swan does not balance the weight of the cart; they will be convinced that the cart cannot remain motionless even then. Under one condition only, the cart may not move under the influence of these three forces: if the friction at its axes and against the road surface is greater than the applied forces. But this is not consistent with the statement that “the luggage would seem light to them”.

In any case, Krylov could not confidently assert that “things are still moving,” that “things are still there.” This, however, does not change the meaning of the fable ;-)
("The problem of the swan, crayfish and pike." Entertaining physics”, Yakov Isidorovich Perelman)

Laptev Alexey Mikhailovich(04/10/1905–01/15/1965) – Soviet graphic artist and book illustrator, poet. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Arts, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

And also... I invite readers to look into the wonderful collection of problems in physics for applicants to universities(Bendrikov, G.A., Bukhovtsev, B.B., Kerzhentsev, V.V., Myakishev G.Ya.) who, in our physics and mathematics school, dubbed the people "Swan, Pike and Cancer Bukhovtsev" for the picture on the cover of the problem book ;-)
Let’s translate Ivan Andreevich Krylov’s fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” into the language of formulas;-)

SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM ABOUT SWAN, PIKE AND CANCER
From the collection “Problems in Physics for University Entrants”
"Swan, Pike and Cancer Bukhovtsev" ;-)
Authors: Bendrikov, G.A., Bukhovtsev, B.B., Kerzhentsev, V.V., Myakishev G.Ya.

The task:
What distance s will be covered by a cart of mass m during a time t, if a pike and a crayfish pull it in opposite directions horizontally with forces F 1 and F 2, and a swan pulls with a force F 3 in the same direction as the crayfish, but at an angle α to the horizontal? The coefficient of friction between the wheels and the ground is k. The initial speed of the cart is v 0 = 0. The forces acting on the cart are shown in Fig. 2

Rice. 2: Forces acting on the cart

Let's consider three options for solving the problem.

First option:
Let's assume that: mg< F 3 sinα (F 3 – сила с которой тянет воз лебедь)
In this case, the cart will not skid, but will rise into the air and eventually end up “in the clouds” ;-) Thus, the proposed solution to the problem goes beyond the scope of its conditions, since the crayfish and pike will no longer be pull the cart in opposite directions.

Second option:
Let's assume that: mg > F 3 sinα
And
F = kN = k(mg – F 3 sinα) > | F 2 – F 1 + F 3 cosα |
where N is the reaction force of the earth’s surface, it turns out that “things are still there”;-) – the cart won’t budge!
thus: s = 0

Third option:
Let's assume that: mg > F 3 sinα
And
F = kN = k(mg – F 3 sinα)< | F 2 – F 1 + F 3 cosα |
And also taking into account that: s = at 2 /2 we have:

Here the “+” sign refers to the case F 1 > F 3 cosα + F 2 and means that the cart will move behind the pike, and the “–” sign refers to the case F 1

Repkin Pyotr Petrovich(1915–1995) – Soviet cartoon film director. Since 1944 - animator at the Soyuzmultfilm studio. He worked at the Filmstrip studio throughout all the years of its existence - from 1935 to 1993. Honored Artist. Member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Member of the Union of Cinematographers of the USSR.

And finally, let’s play a little more with Ivan Andreevich Krylov’s immortal fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” ;-) Let’s treat ourselves physics and bold satire– a free interpretation of the fable in accordance with the realities of our current life;-)
In the conditions of this problem, we will assume that the swan, crayfish and pike really do not move the cart, given that their forces are equal in magnitude and that there is no friction between the cart and the ground... I will not argue that the formulation of the problem is somewhat absurd;-) difficult imagine that the forces of a swan, crayfish and pike are equal in magnitude, but in mathematics and physics you really need to be able to abstract!!!
We will not leave biophysics without attention and will supplement our knowledge with some interesting things ;-) and also dilute the bitterness of satire with delightful illustrations performed by famous Soviet artists Vladimir Georgievich Arbekova and Mikhail Afanasyevich Taranova.

A lyrical digression for the curious;-)
Sometimes biophysical, sometimes satirical...

Swan. Swans are different;-) mute swan, trumpeter swan, tundra swan, whooper swan... Body length varies from 120 to 180 cm, wingspan from 200 to 240 cm, weight from 5-6 to 8-13 kg. The main food is aquatic plants and small animals found in them (molluscs, water burros). In flight, the speed can reach 60-80 km/h. Protecting its offspring, a swan with a blow of its wing can easily break the skull of a rogue red fox or a terrible gray wolf without much difficulty.

Cancer. The body length of the broad-toed crayfish can reach 25 cm or more. Crayfish feed on plant foods and mainly dead animals... living animals only under a fortunate combination of circumstances;-) In the river, the crayfish both swims and walks head first. And he backs away when he gets scared of something. If a crayfish notices a danger, a large predatory fish, for example, then, escaping, it develops a decent “reverse speed”, in which its irreplaceable assistant, the tail, helps it. But this speed is very modest and amounts to no more than 2 km/h.

Pike. Body length up to 1.5 m, weight up to 35 kg (usually up to 1 m and 8 kg). Pike is a predator (feeds mainly on fish). The speed with which the pike attacks its prey is 100 km/h, although the duration of the throw is only a fraction of a second. Once caught on a fishing hook, an adult pike can easily snatch the fishing rod out of the hands of even an experienced fisherman.

Arbekov Vladimir Georgievich(October 21, 1927–03/17/2000) – Soviet director of animated films, animator.

And now the most interesting thing - Let's dive from the abyss of biophysics into satire!
“Adjusting the data” to the task conditions;-) Let's assume that:

Cancer We still have that brave fellow! On bloody, but very satisfying bread, given by the 90s of the last century, and at someone else’s expense, albeit smelly... Fattened to such glory that neither a fairy tale nor a pen can describe it!!!

Swan we have a very young one, not yet fully fledged, and even with broken wings:-(Continuous and irresponsible education reform, depressive and corrupting propaganda in the media... - steadily crippling generation after generation, are doing their job! They break not only the wings, but also they will ruin your soul!!!

Pike we have a catastrophically old woman who appreciated all the delights of the barbaric pension reform of 2018 to the fullest... and therefore endlessly tired, terribly sick - barely alive :-(

This is how Mother Russia is being pulled in different directions by extremely rude oligarchs, restless, confused youth and the dying Soviet generation... All this would be funny if it weren’t so sad...

The forces are not equal! Moreover, if we take into account that in this case force is measured not in newtons, but in rubles... Sad!!! Physics and life are sometimes categorically at odds, but literature can unite them! Satire is an accusatory and flagellating irony!!! Thank you very much to Grandfather Krylov for that!!! The fable “Swan, Pike and Crayfish”, published in 1816, has not lost its relevance even today, despite the change of scenery and characters;-) Well, you and I, within the framework of this publication, agreed to abstract ourselves; -)

Taranov Mikhail Afanasyevich(1909–1973) – Soviet graphic artist, teacher; Professor of the Graphic Faculty of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. I. E. Repin. Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

So, the forces of the swan, crayfish and pike are equal in magnitude :-)

SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM ABOUT SWAN, PIKE AND CANCER
From the collection “Selected Problems in Physics”
Authors: Shaskolskaya M.P., Eltsin I.A.
1946 Olympics. I round for 7th grade students

The task:
In what cases do the heroes of Krylov’s fable, the swan, the crayfish and the pike, really not move the cart, if we assume that their forces are equal and that there is no friction between the cart and the ground? Support your answer with drawings.

Solution. 1st case
All three forces, equal in magnitude, are located in the same plane and make angles of 120° with each other, the resultant of these forces is zero - Fig. 3a.

Solution. 2nd case
Crayfish and pike pull the cart in directly opposite directions, and the swan pulls vertically upward - fig. 3b, and the traction force of the swan is less than the weight of the cart (the last condition, however, is not specified in the fable;-)

Rice. 3: Two cases of solving the problem

The materials in this article will be useful to apply not only in physics and fiction lessons, but also in extracurricular activities.
I hope that solving the physics problems proposed in the article will not only help to arouse schoolchildren’s interest in the subject, but also expand their knowledge and cultural horizons;-)

I recommend that curious readers pamper themselves with interesting things on the green pages:
§ Constellation Cygnus
A fascinating journey through the starry sky to the constellation Cygnus and the ancient Greek myth “Leda and the Swan”. I invite readers to take a closer look at some interesting objects of this constellation. And also look into the wonderful world of fauna - get to know the mute swan better... then plunge headlong into the magical world of fairy tales and... in the tradition of the green pages, treat yourself to painting...
§ Another illustration by Evgeny Mikhailovich Racheva to the Russian folk tale “Pegs and Roots” on the green page “The most Russian vegetable: Cabbage? Potato? Turnip!" . We bring to your attention entertaining and educational material - a fascinating journey into the gardening and culinary kingdom! Interesting things about cabbage, potatoes and turnips - the ancestor of vegetable crops cultivated in Rus', undeservedly forgotten... captured for centuries in Russian fairy tales...

I wish you pleasant and useful reading, as well as success
in solving physics problems independently!

LEARN PHYSICS BY READING CLASSICS

Dear readers of green pages, I am pleased to inform you about the publication of my book - "Learn physics by reading the classics".
However... “my book”, this is said immodestly :-) First of all... this is a divine classic of fiction: A.P. Chekhov, I.A. Bunin, K.G. Paustovsky, A.N. Tolstoy...and then my informative comments regarding physics and astronomy... Thank you very much Tatyana Borisovna Dergach– leading editor of the Avanta publishing house ( LLC "AST Publishing House"), for the well-coordinated and pleasant work on the book in all respects.
The book is dedicated to my parents: my mother - Lebedeva Lidia Stepanovna and to dad - Lebedev Valery Vladimirovich, who back in 1984 categorically insisted :-) that I try my hand at the entrance exams at ROFMSH…

Learn physics by reading the classics

I wish you a pleasant and useful reading!

Egor

Great physics problems. Thank you.

Vitaliy

The illustrations are very interesting and colorful.
Thanks to Soviet artists for their work and sincere love for children.
The physics problems are excellent. Thank you.
Grandfather Krylov's fable is more relevant than ever.
I like your satire.
All this would be funny if it weren’t so sad...
Bravo.

green page reader

Cool! Very interesting article!
I really liked it.
Physics problems are cool!
Especially the last one.
1946 Olympics. I round for 7th grade students.
Impressed!
The level was just right!!!

PHYSICS AROUND US
Educational and terribly exciting ;-)

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Three stages of recognition of scientific truth: the first is “this is absurd”, the second is “there is something in this”, the third is “this is generally known”. Ernest Rutherford
I invite readers of the green pages to go on an exciting journey through the pages of an amazing book "Physics and Music" Soviet journalist, popularizer of science Gleb Borisovich Anfilov...

§ Physics and music: graceful forms of violin and guitar...
Music forms the middle between thought and phenomenon. Heinrich Heine
Today on our agenda is a very simple, but at the same time very intricate question;-) Why do violins, guitars, mandolins, dombras have an oblong shape?

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We bring to your attention riddles and proverbs about snow, the inimitable poetry of winter performed by Ivan Bunin and Robert Rozhdestvensky, masterpieces of world painting and my beloved physics!

§ Physics around us: Photo album "Frosty patterns on the windows"
We present to your attention photographs accompanied by entertaining and educational material - articles from the popular scientific and mathematical journal "Kvant": “About frosty patterns and scratches on glass”(1990, no. 12).

PHYSICS AND FICTION
Qualitative problems in physics

§ Physics and fiction: Optics
The enchanting magic of moonlight...
Scientists are the same dreamers and artists; they have no freedom over their ideas; they can work well, work for a long time only on what their thoughts lie towards, what their feelings lead to. In them ideas change; the most impossible, often extravagant ones appear; they swarm, swirl, merge, shimmer. And they live among such ideas and for such ideas they work. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky

§ Physics and fiction: Optics
Fortune telling with mirrors for Christmas time...
The feeling of mystery is the most beautiful experience available to us. It is this feeling that stands at the cradle of true art and true science. Albert Einstein

§ Physics and fiction: Optics (N.V. Gogol and H.K. Andersen)
There is hardly the highest of pleasures than the pleasure of creating.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol
Qualitative problems in physics by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Hans Christian Andersen;-) Integration: World fiction and painting.

§ Physics and fiction: Optics
Fable “The Mirror and the Monkey” by Ivan Andreevich Krylov
People who neglect knowledge end up facing the wall.
Chinese wisdom sayings

§ Physics and fiction: Optics
Fable “The Monkey and the Glasses” by Ivan Andreevich Krylov
Our job is to study and study, to try to accumulate as much knowledge as possible, because serious social trends are where knowledge is, and the happiness of the future of humanity lies only in knowledge.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

§ Physics and fiction: Sound vibrations
Fable “Quartet” by Ivan Andreevich Krylov
It can be sad to listen to music without words,
but it’s even sadder to listen to music without music... Mark Twain

§ Physics and fiction: Mechanical waves - sound
A feature of a living mind is that it only needs to see and hear a little so that it can then think for a long time and understand a lot. Giordano Bruno

§ Physics and fiction
poetry collection for true connoisseurs of science and art
Science without literature is soulless and rude; Literature without science is empty, for the essence of literature is knowledge. Anatole France

§ Physics and fiction (Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko)
Inspiration is not the exclusive property of the artist: without it, even a scientist will not go far, without it even a craftsman will not do much, because it is everywhere, in every business, in every work. Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

§ Physics and fiction (Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin)
Man was born for great joy, for unceasing creativity, in which he is God, for broad, free, unconstrained love for everything; to a tree, to the sky, to a person, to a dog, to the sweet, gentle, beautiful earth, ah, especially to the earth with its blissful motherhood, with its mornings and nights, with its beautiful daily miracles. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin

§ Physics and fiction (Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky)
Knowledge is organically connected with human imagination. This seemingly paradoxical law can be expressed as follows: the power of imagination increases as knowledge grows. Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

§ Physics and fiction (Ivan Alekseevich Bunin)
Science and art are as closely related to each other as the lungs and the heart, so that if one organ is perverted, then the other cannot function correctly.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

§ Physics and fiction (Johann Wolfgang Goethe “Faust”)
Goethe represents, perhaps, the only example in the history of human thought of the combination of a great poet, a deep thinker and an outstanding scientist in one person. Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev

§ Physics and fiction (Mine Reid “The Headless Horseman”)
The aim of scientific pursuits should be to direct the mind in such a way that it makes sound and true judgments about all objects encountered.
Rene Descartes
I bring to your attention integrated high-quality problems in physics from the famous English captain Mine Reid.

§ Physics and fiction: Thermal phenomena
Beauty is the radiance of truth. Plato
We bring to your attention 20 high-quality problems in physics (two cards of ten problems each) and... on the topic :-) a small gallery: “Fog in painting.”

BIOPHYSICS IN PHYSICS LESSONS

§ Biophysics: The Sound of Insects
Fable “Dragonfly and Ant” by Ivan Andreevich Krylov
The essence of Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”, it would seem, lies on the surface - “He who does not work, does not eat,” but in the realities of modern Russia everything turns out topsy-turvy:-(

§ Biophysics: Legs, tails... the main thing... - ears!
Educational material on the adaptation of animals to different temperatures using the example of representatives of the canine family - fennec fox, fox, arctic fox...

§ Biophysics: Echoes in the world of wildlife - sonars of bats
My goal is to free the mind from tenacious superstitions. Titus Lucretius Carus
Why don’t bats fly into obstacles even in complete darkness?
Educational biophysical material dedicated to amazing animals - bats, undeservedly offended by the human race...

§ Biophysics: Secrets of the Dolphin
Entertaining and educational biophysical material that lifts the veil of secrecy over some of the organizational features of dolphins: self-adjusting skin and unsurpassed sonar...

§ Biophysics: Jet motion in living nature
A number of animals move in nature using the principle of jet propulsion, such as jellyfish, scallops, dragonfly larvae, squid, octopus, cuttlefish...
Let's get to know some of them better ;-)

§ Biophysics: Why do cat eyes glow?
“Physical surprise and interesting” ;-)
Why do dogs, cats and other animals with good night vision have eyes that glow in the dark?

BOXES OF QUALITY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS

§ Physics and Geography of Kazakhstan
Joint project: OFRO "BEST" and Technical Lyceum No. 165 (Alma-Ata)

§ Yak-3 - the lightest fighter of World War II
Special themed issue of green pages.
Here are five questions and tasks for your attention: the legendary Soviet fighter Yak-3... + a thematic selection of 10 puzzles.
“Only in a cheerful, hot impulse, in passionate love for one's native country, courage and energy will be born VICTORY. And not only and not so much in a separate impulse, but in the persistent mobilization of all forces, in that constant burning that slowly and steadily moves mountains, opens unknown depths and brings them to sunny clarity ... " Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

§ Box of high-quality problems in physics “hodgepodge” :-)
When throwing pebbles into the water, look at the circles they form, otherwise such throwing will be empty fun. Kozma Prutkov
The box consists of four thematic blocks: 1) Brownian motion. Diffusion; 2) Atmospheric pressure; 3) Properties of the liquid. Archimedes' power; 4) Thermal phenomena.

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Structure of matter, diffusion
The creativity of a poet, the dialectic of a philosopher, the art of a researcher - these are the materials from which a great scientist is made. Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev

§ Box of quality problems in physics:
Elements of statics: balance of bodies, moment of force, simple mechanisms
Strive to comprehend science more and more deeply, thirst for knowledge of the eternal. Only with the first knowledge will the light shine on you, you will know: there is no limit to knowledge. Ferdowsi

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Inertia
Dedicated to Chernobay Alexander Arsenievich ,
to the director ROFMSH(Alma-Ata, ROFMSH, 1984–1987)
Let no one think that Newton's great creation can be overthrown by the theory of relativity or any other theory. Newton's clear and broad ideas will forever retain their significance as the foundation on which our modern physical concepts are built... Albert Einstein

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Friction force
It is much more difficult to see a problem than to find a solution. The first requires imagination, the second only skill. John Desmond Bernal

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Solid pressure
The thinking mind does not feel happy until it manages to connect together the disparate facts that it observes. Gyorgy de Hevesy

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Pressure of liquids and gases
Reducing the many to the one is the fundamental principle of beauty. Pythagoras of Samos

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Work, power, energy
The more our knowledge develops, the more mysteries of nature confront us... Ivan Antonovich Efremov

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Archimedes' power
Natural science is so humane, so truthful, that I wish good luck to everyone who devotes himself to it... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

§ Box of quality problems in physics:
Wetting, surface tension, capillary phenomena
Education does not sprout in the soul unless it penetrates to a significant depth. Protagoras

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Melting and crystallization
Science is a force that reveals the relationships of things, their laws and interactions. Alexander Ivanovich Herzen. We present to your attention 50 high-quality problems in physics and... on topic :-) small gallery: "Winter in painting".

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Evaporation, condensation, boiling
Apply your heart to learning and your ears to wise words. Bible, Old Testament, “Book of Proverbs of Solomon”

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Types of Heat Transfer
The joy of seeing and understanding is the most beautiful gift of nature. Albert Einstein

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Heat engines
Live as if you will die tomorrow. Study as if you will live forever. Mahatma Gandhi

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Electricity
Investments in knowledge always give the greatest return. Benjamin Franklin

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Magnetic phenomena
Knowledge must serve the creative purposes of man. It is not enough to accumulate knowledge; we need to disseminate them as widely as possible and apply them in life. Nikolai Alexandrovich Rubakin

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Mechanical waves - sound
Many things are incomprehensible to us, not because our concepts are weak, but because these things are not included in the range of our concepts. “Fruits of Thoughts”, Kozma Prutkov

§ Box of quality problems in physics: Optics (Light phenomena)
You have to study a lot to know even a little. Charles Louis Montesquieu

Distribution of site materials is welcome.
A link to the materials is highly desirable, but not strictly required ;-)
“Knowledge should serve the creative purposes of man. It is not enough to accumulate knowledge;
we need to disseminate them as widely as possible and apply them in life.” Rubakin N.A.