Lgov district of Kursk province. Kursk pre-revolutionary: M.lagutich.provincial chronicle
Under Empress Catherine the Great, the state continued to expand and its management became increasingly complex. Administrative, judicial and financial power at the local level was entirely in the hands of the governor. And the provinces differed significantly from each other in population, territory, and number of districts. In November 1775, a new law “Institutions for the Administration of the Provinces of the All-Russian Empire” was issued, which introduced a new division. Instead of the previous twenty provinces, 50 were established, their sizes were determined by the number of people living in the territory, namely 300-400 thousand inhabitants in each province. Each province was divided into districts, with a population of 20 to 30 thousand. Since in some provinces there were not enough cities for the newly formed districts, sometimes large villages, settlements or submonastic settlements were turned into cities.
By this time, the monastery was already empty, but a fairly significant settlement with a predominantly peasant population had formed around it. And so, on May 23, 1779, decree number 14,880 “Decree on the establishment of the Kursk province” was issued:
“We most graciously command our field marshal general, Little Russian, Slobodsko-Ukrainian, Kursk governor-general Count Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky, according to the institutions issued by us on the day of November 7, 1775 for the management of the provinces of our empire, to carry out in December of this year, uniformly and in Kursk province, made up of 15 districts, namely: Kursk, Belgorod, Oboyansky, Starooskolsky, Rylsky, Putivlsky, Novooskolsky, Korochensky, Sudzhensky, Bogatensky, Fatezhsky, Shchigrovsky, Timsky, Lgovsky and Dmitrievsky. As a result, the single-yard villages will be renamed cities: Fatezh, Bogatoye, Troitskoye, which is on Shchigra, and the economic village of Dmitrievskoye, and the tract of the former monastery of Lgov with a settlement at the monastery, called sub-monastery, under the name of the city of Fatezh, Bogatoye, Shchigra, Dmitriev and Lgov, and single-yard village of Vygornoe, calling the city Tim...".
Thus, thanks to the reforms of Catherine the Great, the new city of Lgov appeared. At the same time, the plan for its development was approved. In the meantime, it consisted of 27 courtyards.
In 1781, academician Vasily Zuev travels from St. Petersburg to Kherson. He also passed through the new city, leaving the following notes: “Since 1779, Lgov has been established as the center of the Lgov district. The city stands on the Semi River (Semirechye) on a mountain, 67 versts from Kursk, and 54 versts from Rylsk, on the county road through Kursk to Moscow.
As of August 10, 1781, in Lgov there are: in the city’s central location, 2 wooden houses for the mayor and for government offices. Salt barn 1 stone. There is 1 stone church in Lgov, located a mile away from the designated suburban location in Slobodka. In 30 households, in which there are up to 138 male peasants. (At this time in Banishchi - 441 souls, in Maritsa - 449 souls. Note by M.L.) The inhabitants of the settlement are grain farmers, selling their grain for the most part to Little Russia. Coat of arms of the city of Lgov: the battle shield is divided in half. In the left part, the red part, is a gun, and in the right green part is a bustard, for there are a lot of them in this district. The district borders on Kursk, Dmitrievsky, Rylsky and Sudzhansky districts.”
We find much more detailed information in the manuscript “Description of the Kursk governorship and separately of every city and district, composed in 1785 by the Kursk provincial land surveyor, Lieutenant Ivan Bashilov.” I quote it in full:
"City of Lgov.
Its geographic latitude is 51, 47 and 35, 17 longitude.
The distance from the provincial city of Kursk is 67, and from the adjacent districts Fatezh is 71, Dmitriev 48, Rylsk 54, Sudzha is 60 versts along the main road that runs from Kursk and Rylsk and throughout Little Russia.
The present situation is on a high mountain between two gullies with wells flowing from the mountain and flowing into the Seim River. And according to the highest confirmation that took place in January 1784, on the 16th day of this city, a new place was assigned to the Semi River along its course on the right mountainous side, a flat place, surrounded on three sides by forest, and on the fourth by the Semi River.
The location of this city was again assigned to a length of 610, a width of 510 fathoms, and a circumference of 4 versts and a half, its figure being a quadrangle.
The current city consists of two parts, of which in the first there are stone houses for the government in former monastery cells because this city was founded at the opening of the Kursk governorship from the Lgov monastery, and the philistine houses outside this monastery are wooden, in the second part there is a former sub-monastery settlement, in which economic peasants live.
The coat of arms of this city is a shield divided in two and in the second part there is a bustard bird, of which there are many breeding in the vicinity of this city, given at the opening of the Kursk governorship from heraldry in 1780.
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When the Kursk province was divided into districts and according to the ability of the villages making up the district, a monastery was established in the abolished Lgov, which is why the city of Lgov was named.
In the present city (1785) there is 1 church and former stone monastery cells, in which court places are located, these buildings are surrounded by a stone fence, and outside the stone walls, state-owned salt and wine shops are wooden. There are 6 philistine houses, and in the monastery settlement there are 27 courtyards.
The current city is populated by nobles, merchants, and philistines of the Greek faith, with residents of every rank: 297 males and 205 females. Including: merchants 15 men and 10 women, burghers 149 men and 56 women, economic peasants 133 people and women 139 souls.
There is no trade or industry, and the economic peasants, part of the city, practice arable farming alone.
Residents from nearby towns receive things they need in addition to household items and food. There are no gardens, but only vegetable gardens in which ordinary vegetables are sown and planted.
Lgovsky district borders on the districts of Kursk, Sudzhansky, Rylsky, Dmitrievsky and Fatezhsky, its length extends 56 versts, width 55 versts.
The location of the county, due to the small number of gullies and ravines, is closer to flat than to mountainous.
The continent is generally black soil, the land is fertile, grain is sown with winter and spring wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, millet, partly and poppy seeds, hemp, peas and flax, the harvest is moderate, i.e., seven, and sometimes nine parts more than sowing .
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In the forest, residents of some villages have a small amount of drill and firewood, which they don’t have at all, but they get it for the necessary needs in most of the Oryol governorship and the Bryansk and Karachev districts. There are forests in that district along the rivers Semi, Svapa, Prut, Reuta, and along the rivers Gustomoe, Trosnitsa, Vable, Bolshaya Pena, Kozhla, Krupets and Berebavle, which are made up of trees: oak, maple, aspen, pine, birch, ash , alder and small hazel, and extend along the Semi and Svapa rivers for 41 versts in width and two and one verst wide, and along the rivers described above, in places there are also small forests along gullies and peaks in small quantities, but there is enough arable land, but no hayfields quite enough.
There are 4 rivers in the county, and 32 small rivers:
The 1st river Sem divides the Lgov district into two parts; its flow in that district extends for 72 miles.
2nd Svapa, flows into the Sem River in Lgovsky district, which borders Lgovsky district with Rylsky and Dmitrievsky and extends for 10 miles.
The 3rd Prut has its headwaters in Fatezhsky district in the village of Shirkovoy, flows through Lgovsky district, flows into the Sem River, its flow in this district is 42 versts.
4th Reut, leaves Sudzhansky district and flows through Lgovsky district. 21 versts, flows into the Sem River.
Rivers:
1st Vablya, the peak in the Dmitrievsky district near the village of Volkova, which partly forms the border between the Lgovsky and Dmitrievsky districts and, flowing through this district for 8 miles, flows into the Prut River at the settlement of Yuryevka.
2nd Plotavka, its upper reaches in this district near the village of Savenki, the current stretched for 12 miles, flows into the Prut River near the village of Zakharzhevsky.
The 3rd Trosnitsa, its upper reaches in the same district from a well, flows 4 versts to this district, flowed into the Prut River.
The 4th Platavka, its peak in that district near the village of Sasonok, stretches 30 miles with its current and flows into the Sem River.
5th Shushuvitsa, the upper reaches in the same district near the village of Uspenskoye, which flows 14 miles into Svapa.
The 6th Lomnya, the upper reaches in the same district, continues for 11 versts and flows into Sem.
7th Chechevyzna, a peak near the village of Loknya, extends its course 12 miles and flows into Sem.
8th Krupets, the upper reaches near the village of Rogovoy and extends for 10 miles, flows into the Sem River.
The 9th Kozhlya from its upper reaches extends its course for 7 versts and flows into Sem.
The 10th Berabavlya is the top of the same district of wells, stretches for 5 versts, flows into the Sem River near the village of Makarovka.
The 11th Rechitsa, the upper reaches of the same district from wells, flowing for 12 miles, flows near the Semi River into a swamp.
The 12th Kobylitsa has its upper reaches in the same district from wells and, stretching its course for 14 miles, flows into the Sem River near the village of Gorodensk.
13th Gorodenka, from its headwaters it extends 3 versts and flows into Sem.
14th Marmyzhi, from the upper reaches it flows 7 versts and flows into the Prut River near the settlement of Yuryevka.
15th Olshanka, from the upper reaches it extends for 6 versts and flows into the Prut River near the village of Olshanki.
16th Kocheten, upper reaches near the village of Kochetno, course 5 versts, flows into the Prut River.
17th Telyatnikova, flows 4 miles and flows into the Prut River.
18th Maritsa, flows three miles and flows into the Prut River.
19th Dichnya, the upper reaches in the Sudzhansky district, in the Lgovsky district it flows 15 versts, flows into Sem near the village of Bredikhina.
20th Blue Well, flows 12 versts and flows into Sem, near the village of Myasyanki.
21st Skomorzha, from wells extends for 5 versts, flows into the river. Seven near the village of Peny.
22nd Malaya Pena, flows 8 versts and flows into Sem.
23rd Bolshaya Pena, 6 versts, flows into Sem.
The 24th Shlotnya, flowing for 4 versts, flows into Sem.
25th Derevenki, the upper reaches near the village of Bykov, flows 27 versts, flows into Sem near the village of Nizhnie Derevenki.
26th Apoka, stretches for 26 versts, flows into the river. Seven near the village of N. Derevenki.
27th Gustomoy, the upper reaches of the Rylskaya district in the forest, flows through the Lgovskaya district for 26 versts before it flows into the river. Seven.
The 28th Borshcheya, the upper reaches of the Sudzhansky district from the steppe, flows through the Lgovsky district for 3 miles, flowing into the river. Reut.
29th Radutin, the upper reaches of the Sudzhansky district from the chalk mountain, flows through the Lgov district for 14 versts, flows into the river. Reut, near the village. Old Gotishche.
30th Bobrik, flows 20 versts, flows into the river. Reut.
31st Izbitsa, upper reaches in the Rila district, along the Lgovsky flows 8 versts, flows into Rylsky district. in the river Seven.
The upper reaches of these rivers are mostly from swampy places, as well as the flow of swamps.
In all these rivers and rivers there are fish: pike, perch, crucian carp, tench, bream, chub, ide, roach, burbot, loaches, etc., small ones and crayfish, and in the Semi and Svapa rivers, in addition to these, catfish, up to three arshins in size , pike perch and whitefish.
In the district there are 103 settlements inhabited by people except for uninhabited farmsteads and apiaries, including 45 villages, 5 villages, 4 settlements, 49 villages, manor houses: 4 stone, 160 wooden, drinking houses 13.
Of all these villages, 4 are more famous than others.
1st village Ivanovskoe, in which there are 2 churches, 1 stone and the other wooden, a wooden manor house with stone and wooden services, quite spacious and a horse farm with a considerable number of horses, which is worthy of note for its good maintenance and the kindness of the horses. The village is located on the main road from Kursk and Lgov to Rylsk, on level ground. That village consists of 360 peasant households and 1,561 souls, and belongs to Her Grace the nee Princess of Von-Holsheinbeck, Princess Baryatinskaya.
2nd village Nizhnie Derevenki, in which there are two wooden churches, a manor house, every week on Fridays there are auctions, for which merchants from nearby cities live here. That village is located on the Derevenki River near the Semi River and belongs to her ladyship.
3rd settlement Yuryevka, in which there are two wooden churches and a manor house, in that settlement there are two trades a week and one fair on June 29, to which merchants from Kursk and Rylsk come with various goods necessary for the village residents. Belongs to Prince Trubetskoy.
4th village of Nikolskoye, Kolpakovo, also, in which there is a stone church and a stone manor house with 74 chambers, in which cloth and linen factories are located. That village belongs to the court councilor Izyedinov.
In the Lgov district, according to the latest audit, there are 27,690 male souls and 27,623 female souls.
There are 1 horse factories in the county, 1 princess Baryatinskaya distillery, 1 distillery for captain Rezanov, 65 water flour mills, 5 windmills, 1 linen and cloth factories for landowner Izyedinov.
Land according to demarcation in the district in all villages of convenient arable land, hayfield and forest is 166,413 acres, 885 square fathoms, inconvenient 10,330 acres, and a total of 176,744 acres.
The inhabitants' occupation consists of arable farming, and their crafts are simple and necessary, that is, blacksmithing, tailoring, shoemaking and woodworking. Bread is taken to Little Russian cities to wineries, to the city of Orel and other forested places, where it is sold, and from there the timber is taken out and used for home buildings.
The forests are mostly black, but the inhabitants, out of ignorance, do not use herbs as medicine, but to dye their clothes they dig the root of an herb called moraine.
Animals, birds, reptiles and insects can be found described in other districts, but none are excellent.
Residents in the rituals, morals and customs of their community have nothing strange and are the same as others living in the Kursk province.
There is no marble or peat, but simple stones are wild and mostly chalky soft, which are used for foundations for houses.
In the city of Lgov there is one fair a year on the tenth Friday after Easter, it consists of visiting merchants from the nearby cities of Kursk and Rylsk, with various small goods, and villagers from the surrounding villages with village products, this fair lasts for two days.
The order of arable land and the proportions of grain sowing are the same as in other districts of the province.
There are 49 parishes in Lgovsky district, including 6 stone churches, with 453 sacred and ecclesiastical ministers and their male children.”
Thus, thanks to the inquisitive lieutenant Ivan Bashilov, we have received a lot of interesting information about the first years of the new city of Lgov, about the numerous rivers with an abundance of fish flowing in its environs, about large flocks of bustards, which can now only be found in the reserves of the steppe Ukraine, about the fairly dense population of the area and even about the fairs that were held.
Since January 1787, the city began to be built up in its new location. They laid a stone cathedral on what is now Red Square. However, construction was completed only in 1850. They built it only with donations. There were no strong merchants or eminent citizens yet. What is the difference between a cathedral and a church? The cathedral is the main church of the city and surrounding area. It is served by senior local clergy. At the beginning of 1930, the cathedral began to be demolished. It was a difficult task, but the atheists managed it.
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For private development, areas were allocated towards the Seim River and the city meadow. Mostly free peasants from surrounding villages, whose lands could not feed their families, flocked to the city. In particular, the section of today's Lenin Street between Sovetskaya and Gaidara streets was allocated to the peasants of the village of Karasevka Dyachkov, Lagutichev, Goncharov. In the place where my ancestor settled, I lived for more than 50 years. There are no indigenous people there anymore.
On the city plan of those years compiled by the Lgov district surveyor, titular councilor Ivanov, the streets Naberezhnaya, Meshchanskaya, Polevaya, Veselaya, Dvoryanskaya, Kurskaya, Preobrazhenskaya, Sosnovskaya and Lesnaya, Sobornaya, Khlebnaya squares already appear.
Building plots were allocated in 25-30 acres. The houses were made of wood, covered with planks or thatch, and the courtyards were fenced with fences and only for some of the rich, with fences. The streets were not paved or illuminated, only much later, in the surviving photographs, pillars with kerosene lanterns appear in the middle of the roadway.
In 1787, documentary evidence of the navigability of the Seim appeared, about which the Kursk governor reported to Empress Catherine II:
“Last April, on the 14th of the Lgov district, village. Goats from the prince's subjects. Trubetskoy, the Little Russian Barzentsov sent his own ship to Kyiv with hemp oil, ham and lard, which was built and loaded below the provincial city of Kursk, 45 versts and which, according to the news of Lgov, Rylsk and Putivl, had already passed safely.”
Apparently, for that time this was not an ordinary event, since the empress herself should have known about it.
In 1786, Larionov in his “Description of the Kursk Governorate” says about Lgov that there are 38 houses and no industrial enterprises. There are 100 employees, 77 commoners, 11 merchants, 138 free peasants, 10 clergy.
Construction is just beginning and therefore the “New and Complete Geographical Dictionary of the Russian State” for 1788 says about Lgov:
“It is not yet divided into parts due to its small spread and is not fortified on any side; there are the best 1 streets in it, roads to all the cities adjacent to it. Residents of the city, ranks present by viceroyalty and with clerks 43, in special positions 23, military command 34 and those obliged to serve 100 people, priests and clergy 10, merchants 11, burghers 77, various peasants 138, a total of 236 souls of this rank . Buildings in the city: 1 stone church, everything else is wooden, 17 government connections, 2 private noble houses, 3 church houses, 33 of various ranks, and 38 of them all, 1 drinking house, no gardens, but in the gardens there is an abundance of every vegetable. The length and width of the city are one verst, the circumference is the same proportion. . .
The coat of arms of this city, in the lower part of the shield, in a green field there is a drokhva bird, of which there are very many in its area, the upper part of the shield depicts the provincial coat of arms. There are only seven rivers in the city. The local merchants and townspeople trade in all sorts of small peasant goods once a week, where villagers come from surrounding areas. Timber and other materials for construction are not imported into this city, but ordinary people go to Kursk and Orel to buy them themselves. There are no factories or factories in the city.
There are two fairs in the city itself, one on Midsummer Day on June 24, the second on September 1st, lasting for two or three days, where the Kursk, Sevsk and Rylsk merchants bring decent goods: cloth, silk, various fabrics and small things, also quite from horse factories.
The beginning of these fairs was established by those who prayed in the former deserts, and there is hope that they will increase their dignity more by the time of the better construction of the city and the establishment of the local inhabitants, who are already completely repopulated ... ".
Now something new has become clear to us. The residents all knew each other very well, many, of course, later became related; they could only drink in the only tavern. But it is not clear why construction materials were brought all the way from Orel to the city surrounded by forest. And the absence of gardens is unusual for us; they will grow in a few years.
In 1802, a large landowner, Count A.N. Tolstoy, built a brick factory near the city. It was intended primarily for his own needs, but then began to supply residents with its products. Next year, construction of a city prison for forty prisoners will be completed, at that time this was almost double the needs.
| Your great-great-grandmothers." src="pic0117.jpg"> Lgov beauties of the 19th century. Your great-great-grandmothers. |
In 1819, the book “Statistical Research on the Russian Empire” reports that there were already 1,293 inhabitants in Lgov.
I came across the following information about Lgov on May 29, 1836: “Due to the insufficiency of the city revenues of Lgov, it is allowed to make 2 thousand appropriations from the treasury per year for the maintenance of the police in this city.
... To manage the city economy and the affairs of public and judicial persons of the city estates, in the city of Lgov it consists of:
1. City Hall.
2. Orphan's court.
3. Verbal court.
4. Apartment commission.
5. City Deputy Assembly.
Population: males 1,658, females 1,473, total 3,131.
Ordinary income - 3,564 rubles. 48 kopecks
Expenses: current - 3,209 rubles. 03 kopecks, one-time expenses - 151 rubles. 66 kopecks, total - 3,360 rubles. 70 kopecks
Inviolable capital - 88 rubles. 98 kopecks.”
The price of the ruble may seem surprising to us now; I rounded up the kopecks, but even a quarter of it was taken into account in the treasury. But we see that city institutions already exist, the city has its own income for needs. This year there are already 294 stone and wooden buildings in the city.
The situation of the peasants remains very difficult. Up to 10,000 people take part in the riots. They are suppressed by troops. Y.I. Linkov writes: “In the spring of 1853, rumors spread in the Kursk province about the possibility of fugitive landowner peasants settling near Odessa and the Black Sea. Under the influence of such rumors, many peasants, some with their families, fled to the south. The Lgovsky and Sudzhansky police officers reported to the Kursk governor that the peasants of the landowners of the Lgovsky district Krivoshein, Safonov, Yarosh and Dementiev, some of whom with their families, fled at different times since April of this year, taking their property with them.”
On the eve of the reform to abolish serfdom, there were 111 landowners in the Lgov district. Prince Baryatinsky had 18,806 serfs, the landowner Nelidov had estates in Kursk, Oboyansky, Korochansky, Belgorod and Lgovsky districts. But many ruled no more than a dozen souls, and the landowner Zhdanovskaya generally had only one serf. So most of the owners themselves barely made ends meet, and their only consolation was the arrogant desire to classify themselves as part of the ruling class. Not only were they illiterate themselves, but they also could not provide an education to their children.
In February 1861, by decree of Alexander II, serfdom was abolished. The leadership of this reform in the Lgov district was entrusted to the landowner Shirkov. However, becoming a free peasant was not so easy; all the lands were transferred to the landowners, and it had to be redeemed, and before that all previous duties had to be served. In addition, the peasants had little understanding of legislation. So it turned out that the Maleev landowner Kusakov acquired all the lands along with peasant households and vegetable gardens, now even going out of need could be regarded as an encroachment on other people's property. In many places, exits to the river were closed, and fishing and watering livestock could only be done with the permission of the landowner.
Continuation...
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Lgovsky district was founded on July 30, 1928. Our district is located in the western part of the region and borders on the Korenevsky, Rylsky, Khomutovsky, Konyshevsky, Kurchatovsky, Bolshesoldatsky and Sudzhansky districts. The territory of the district is 1 thousand 67 square kilometers or 3.3% of the region's territory. The rivers of the region are part of the Dnieper system. The most significant of them is the Seim River. Its length throughout the region is 84 km. The Opoka River has a length of 23 km throughout the district, Byk - 26 km, Prut - 18 km, Bobrik - 12 km, Malaya Loknya - 4 km.
The predominant soils in the region are chernozem - 40.4%, gray - forest - 5.4%, meadow - 11.1%. According to the mechanical composition of the soil, there are 6 distributions - medium loamy - 89.1%, light loamy - 4.2%, heavy loamy and sandy loam occupy 2.6% each.
The climate is temperate, with slightly pronounced continentality.
By the nature of the vegetation, the area belongs to the forest-steppe zone.
In the area there are deposits of building materials: - clays, loams, tripoli. Peat extraction is underway.
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The city of Lgov was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle of 1152, when it, as part of Posemye, was the patrimony of the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise - Oleg Svyatoslavovich of Chernigov, from whom it received its name.
At the end of the 12th century, Olgov was destroyed by the Polovtsians, but in the second half of the 16th century it was revived as a fortified border settlement on the southern outskirts of the Moscow state and repelled the attacks of the Crimean Tatars throughout the 17th century.
In the 18th century, Lgov lost its significance as a border fortification and gradually became a center of trade and local handicrafts and crafts.
In 1779, by Decree of Catherine II, Lgov became the administrative center of the district, and in 1780 it was allowed to have its own coat of arms: a bustard bird, which nested in the vicinity of the city, is depicted in a green field.
The Lgov district was founded on July 30, 1928, uniting 5 districts of the former Kursk province. At the time of its formation, the Lgovsky district had an area of 10 thousand 70 sq.m. The most significant points of the region are the villages of Banishchi, Fitizh and Kudintsevo. Administratively, the Lgovsky district was divided into 38 village councils. The total population according to the 1926 census was 81,195 people, of which the city of Lgov accounted for 5,715 people.
Annual population growth was estimated at 3%. There were 213 settlements and 15,656 households in the region.
In 1703, large areas of Kursk lands were donated by Peter I to Hetman Mazepa, who settled these lands with serfs, mainly from Little Russia. This influenced the composition of the population of the Lgov district: the indigenous population are Russians and Ukrainians.
After Mazepa's betrayal, all his possessions in 1708 passed to Peter's favorite Alexander Menshikov. By decree of Peter I of December 18, 1708, Russia was divided into 8 provinces. The Kursk province did not exist then.
The territories of modern Kursk and Belgorod regions became part of the Kyiv province.
The “New and Complete Geographical Dictionary of the Russian State” and “Lexicon”, published in 1788, tells no less interestingly about Lgov places: - “The Lgov district is located on more level ground, its length from east to west is 58 versts, width 31 versts . There are no high mountains at all, nor large forests, although they are most common here in the district of this governorship, and there are no special trees in them...
Animals and birds, as well as in other districts, are the most decrepit of all, which is what the coat of arms of the city in this district is equipped with; Brownies are ordinary cattle and birds. The earth is blackish, all kinds of grain are sown, and the harvest comes 8 times rye, 9 times oats, 12 times millet, 6 times wheat, 5 times buckwheat and peas. They put it up for sale in the city of Sevsk.
In the entire district there are settlements of State, Noble and single-yard villages: 45 villages, 4 settlements, 49 villages, 1 farmsteads, a total of 204, all of them male according to the 4th revision (the population census was carried out in 1782 - N.Ch.) 27,486 souls, 7 stone churches, 41 wooden churches, with 453 priests and clergy.
There are no monasteries or hermitages, there is 1 cloth factory, 1 carpet factory, 1 linen factory, a total of 3. Distilleries - 18, horse distilleries - 1, brick factories - 5, lime factory - 1, malt factory - 1, which is all stone, a total of 26, 24 shops, 2 bread shops, 4 almshouses, 13 drinking houses, 19 forges, 73 water mills, one driven by horses. There are two big rivers: Seim, which flows along the area, and Svapa. There are 117 living nobles in this district, having such possessions, and 43 staying, their houses are stone 4, wooden 154. This district borders in the east with Kursk, in the north with Fatezhskaya and Dmitreevskaya, and Rylskaya at noon with Sudzhanskaya districts.”
By the occupation of the inhabitants, Lgovsky district at that time belonged to the landowning district: they are especially engaged in arable farming, cattle breeding, beekeeping and partly gardening. Later, industrial enterprises also appeared.
The first sugar factory in Lgov district was built in the first half of the 19th century in the village of Olshanka. “Olshanka is a village in the Kursk province of Lgovsky district, 15 versts from the district town on the Olshanka River. The number of inhabitants is 1506 souls of both sexes, 159 courtyards, the beet sugar heating plant "Panina", where in the period from 1860-1861. 146,012 pounds of sand were allocated.”
Before this, it was believed that the Lgov and Mari (Pensky) sugar factories were the first signs of the county’s sugar industry. They were put into operation simultaneously in 1899.
In 1865, local postal departments were created under the district zemstvo administrations.
Administrative division and population:
In the region there is the city of Lgov - a city of regional subordination, 8 rural municipal administrations, 91 rural settlements. The population of the district is 37.6 thousand people, including rural - 15.5 thousand people, of which 7.1 are able-bodied people, 5.3 thousand are pensioners. The population is distributed according to national composition: Russians - 97.6%, Ukrainians - 1.5%, Belarusians - 0.2%. Population density is 0.16 people per 1 hectare.
Lgovsky district- an administrative-territorial unit of the Kursk governorship (-) and the Kursk province (-) as part of the Russian Empire, and then (after the revolution) of the RSFSR. The district center was the city of Lgov.
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Administrative division
By 1880, the county included 18 volosts:
| № | Parish | Administrative center |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bobrikskaya | Stremoukhov Bobrik |
| 2 | Epiphany | Bulls |
| 3 | Vyshnederevenskaya | Vyshnye Derevenki |
| 4 | Gorodenskaya | Gordensk |
| 5 | Gustomoiskaya | Gustomoy |
| 6 | Ivanovskaya | Ivanovskoe |
| 7 | Ivnitskaya | Ivnitsa |
| 8 | Iznoskovskaya | Iznoskovo |
| 9 | Kozhlyanskaya | Kozhlya |
| 10 | Kolpakovskaya | Kolpakovo |
| 11 | Konyshevskaya | Konyshevka |
| 12 | Kremyanovskaya | Kremyanoye |
| 13 | Nizhnederevenskaya | Nizhniye Derevenki |
| 14 | Nizhnedronyaevskaya | Nizhnee Dronyaevo |
| 15 | Olshanskaya | Olshanka |
| 16 | Ugonskaya | Thefts |
| 17 | Sheptukhovskaya | Sheptukhovka |
| 18 | Shustovskaya | Shustovo |
Notable natives
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Notes
Literature
- Larionov S. I.. - Moscow: Ponomarev’s free printing house, 1786. - P. 93-98. - 191 p.
- Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Volosts and the most important villages of European Russia. Issue 1. Provinces of the central agricultural region. - Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. St. Petersburg, 1880. - 413 p.
Links
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
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| This is a draft article about the territorial division of the Russian Empire. You can help the project by adding to it. |
An excerpt characterizing the Lgov district
The two men on the edge were shaven and guarded. One is tall and thin; the other is black, shaggy, muscular, with a flat nose. The third was a street servant, about forty-five years old, with graying hair and a plump, well-fed body. The fourth was a very handsome man, with a thick brown beard and black eyes. The fifth was a factory worker, yellow, thin, about eighteen, in a dressing gown.Pierre heard that the French were discussing how to shoot - one at a time or two at a time? “Two at a time,” the senior officer answered coldly and calmly. There was movement in the ranks of the soldiers, and it was noticeable that everyone was in a hurry - and they were in a hurry not as they are in a hurry to do something understandable to everyone, but as they are in a hurry to finish a necessary, but unpleasant and incomprehensible task.
A French official in a scarf approached the right side of the line of criminals and read the verdict in Russian and French.
Then two pairs of Frenchmen approached the criminals and, at the officer’s direction, took two guards who were standing on the edge. The guards, approaching the post, stopped and, while the bags were brought, silently looked around them, as a wounded animal looks at a suitable hunter. One kept crossing himself, the other scratched his back and made a movement with his lips like a smile. The soldiers, hurrying with their hands, began to blindfold them, put on bags and tie them to a post.
Twelve riflemen with rifles stepped out from behind the ranks with measured, firm steps and stopped eight steps from the post. Pierre turned away so as not to see what would happen. Suddenly a crash and roar was heard, which seemed to Pierre louder than the most terrible thunderclaps, and he looked around. There was smoke, and the French with pale faces and trembling hands were doing something near the pit. They brought the other two. In the same way, with the same eyes, these two looked at everyone, in vain, with only their eyes, silently, asking for protection and, apparently, not understanding or believing what would happen. They could not believe, because they alone knew what their life was for them, and therefore they did not understand and did not believe that it could be taken away.
Pierre wanted not to look and turned away again; but again, as if a terrible explosion struck his ears, and along with these sounds he saw smoke, someone’s blood and the pale, frightened faces of the French, who were again doing something at the post, pushing each other with trembling hands. Pierre, breathing heavily, looked around him, as if asking: what is this? The same question was in all the glances that met Pierre’s gaze.
On all the faces of the Russians, on the faces of the French soldiers, officers, everyone without exception, he read the same fear, horror and struggle that were in his heart. “Who does this anyway? They all suffer just like me. Who? Who?” – it flashed in Pierre’s soul for a second.
– Tirailleurs du 86 me, en avant! [Shooters of the 86th, forward!] - someone shouted. They brought in the fifth one, standing next to Pierre - alone. Pierre did not understand that he was saved, that he and everyone else were brought here only to be present at the execution. With ever-increasing horror, feeling neither joy nor peace, he looked at what was happening. The fifth was a factory worker in a dressing gown. They had just touched him when he jumped back in horror and grabbed Pierre (Pierre shuddered and broke away from him). The factory worker could not go. They dragged him under his arms, and he shouted something. When they brought him to the post, he suddenly fell silent. It was as if he suddenly understood something. Either he realized that it was in vain to shout, or that it was impossible for people to kill him, but he stood at the post, waiting for the bandage along with the others and, like a shot animal, looking around him with shining eyes.
Pierre could no longer take it upon himself to turn away and close his eyes. The curiosity and excitement of him and the entire crowd at this fifth murder reached the highest degree. Just like the others, this fifth one seemed calm: he pulled his robe around him and scratched one bare foot against the other.
When they began to blindfold him, he straightened the very knot on the back of his head that was cutting him; then, when they leaned him against the bloody post, he fell back, and since he felt awkward in this position, he straightened himself out and, placing his legs evenly, leaned calmly. Pierre did not take his eyes off him, not missing the slightest movement.
A command must have been heard, and after the command the shots of eight guns must have been heard. But Pierre, no matter how much he tried to remember later, did not hear the slightest sound from the shots. He only saw how, for some reason, the factory worker suddenly sank down on the ropes, how blood appeared in two places, and how the ropes themselves, from the weight of the hanging body, unraveled and the factory worker, unnaturally lowering his head and twisting his leg, sat down. Pierre ran up to the post. No one was holding him back. Frightened, pale people were doing something around the factory floor. One old, mustachioed Frenchman's lower jaw was shaking as he untied the ropes. The body came down. The soldiers awkwardly and hastily dragged him behind the post and began to push him into the pit.
Everyone, obviously, undoubtedly knew that they were criminals who needed to quickly hide the traces of their crime.
Pierre looked into the hole and saw that the factory worker was lying there with his knees up, close to his head, one shoulder higher than the other. And this shoulder convulsively, evenly fell and rose. But shovels of earth were already falling all over my body. One of the soldiers angrily, viciously and painfully shouted at Pierre to come back. But Pierre did not understand him and stood at the post, and no one drove him away.
When the pit was already completely filled up, a command was heard. Pierre was taken to his place, and the French troops, standing in front on both sides of the pillar, made a half turn and began to walk past the pillar at measured steps. Twenty-four riflemen with unloaded guns, standing in the middle of the circle, ran to their places while the companies passed by them.
Kursk pre-revolutionary: m
Economic importance of rivers
Paid linking of general survey plans (GMP)