Presentation of the beginning of Ivan's reign 4 Torkunov's reforms. Beginning of the reign of Ivan IV

THE BEGINNING OF THE RAGE OF IVAN IV. REFORM OF THE ELECTED RADA MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher of the VKK Stadnichuk T.M.

In December 1533, the Grand Duke of Moscow and All Rus' Vasily III died. Before his death, he appointed a guardianship council consisting of seven influential boyars to take care of his three-year-old son Ivan. They had to

“take care” of the young ruler and involve him in state affairs until Ivan turns 15 years old, after which he will have to begin to rule the country on his own.

BOYAR RULE. ELENA GLINSKAYA

In just a few

days after the death of Vasily III, the guardian boyars elevated Ivan IV (1533-1584) to the throne. Such a rush was caused by the fact that the younger brother of Vasily III, the appanage prince Yuri Dmitrovsky, who before the birth of Vasily’s first-born son could present his rights to the throne, was considered the heir to the throne. By order of Elena Glinskaya, Prince Yuri was imprisoned, where three years later he died of starvation.

BOYAR RULE. ELENA GLINSKAYA

The widow of Vasily III, Elena Glinskaya, who was burdened by the boyar's guardianship of her son, took control of the state

into your own hands. She brutally dealt with another possible

a contender for the grand-ducal throne, appanage prince Andrei Staritsky (1537), around whom the Glinsky’s opponents began to rally.

BOYAR RULE. ELENA GLINSKAYA

Regency of Elena Glinskaya (1533-1538):

• Currency reform:

In 1534 the Moscow Mint was founded. A unified monetary system was introduced. New coins were minted from silver: 1 kopeck = 2 money = 4 half

• Lip hut:

Labial elders are elected locally (from nobles and black-sown

peasants). Them

part transferred

judicial functions

feeders.

BOYAR RULE ELENA GLINSKAYA

The boyars hated Elena Glinskaya and her entourage for not giving them power. In 1538, Glinskaya died suddenly. In Moscow they believed that she was poisoned.

The struggle of the boyar clans began. The Shuiskys seized power:

• distributed to their

supporters of the land and

privilege,

• exempted from taxes
• granted the right to trial

Theft of the treasury +

reprisals against opponents.

IVAN'S PERSONALITY iv4.

1. What do you think was the attitude towards education among Russian rulers? Justify your answer.

2. Remember what titles the rulers of Russian lands bore at different times.

From early childhood he saw executions and disgraces. People to whom

he was tied up, - Ivan Ovchina-Obolensky, Ivan Velsky - were killed. Over time, Ivan got used to reprisals. At the age of 13, Ivan himself ordered Andrei Shuisky to be hunted down by dogs.

IVAN'S PERSONALITY iv

• He did not receive a systematic education, but was naturally gifted, loved to read, and was especially interested in descriptions of the lives of great rulers

past and speculation about divine origin

supreme power.

• He was a good speaker. In his speeches he liked to refer

from Roman history

• Became a talented writer.
• Collected the largest in Europe

library.

• He composed church music.
• He loved to play chess.

KINGDOM WEDDING.

The first of the Moscow sovereigns to officially accept the royal title and solemnly crowned the kingdom “according to the wedding rites” compiled by Metropolitan Macarius, a staunch supporter of the autocracy of the Moscow sovereign. Ivan Vasilyevich began to be called “Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus'.”

1547 Ivan IV was crowned king in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

KINGDOM WEDDING.

• Equation of Ivan IV with the khans of Kazan and Astrakhan, heirs of the Golden Horde.
• The royal title puts Ivan IV above the kings of Denmark, Sweden, France, and England.
• Ivan IV rose above the Russian princes; he is a great sovereign (lord), and not first among equals.
• Continuity of power declared

king from the Byzantine emperors.

• The king protects as God's anointed

interests of the Church.

• The rise of Russia in the eyes

Orthodox peoples of Europe.

• The royal title indicates

foreign policy

claims of Ivan IV

KINGDOM WEDDING.

Immediately after Ivan's wedding to the throne, a review of brides was announced. Letters with the following content were sent to many Russian cities: “... which of you have daughters who are girls, then you

I wish I could go with them to the city right now for the inspection, but under no circumstances would I have the girls’ daughters with me.

concealed..."

March 1547

marriage to Anastasia Romanovna Yuryeva-Zakharyina

MOSCOW UPRISING

By the end of boyar rule, the central government had lost all authority. The people, crushed by taxes and arbitrariness, grumbled. As a result, on June 24, 1547, during a terrible fire in Moscow, a riot began. Popular uprisings convinced the tsar of the need to carry out reforms aimed at strengthening central power.

“From this, fear entered my soul and trembling into my bones, and my spirit was humbled,” Ivan IV later recalled. He was forced to listen to the heated speech of the court priest Sylvester about his negligence in state affairs.

ELECTED RADA

By the time Ivan IV was crowned king, a circle of talented statesmen had formed around him: the Elected Rada, the closest sovereign's Duma (unofficial government), would last until 1560.

• Nobleman

A.F. Adashev,

• priest Sylvester,
• Princes M. I. Vorotynsky and A. M. Kurbsky,
• Boyarin I.V., Sheremetev,
• clerk I.M. Viscous,
• Metropolitan Macarius.

A.F. ADASHEV

SYLVESTER

ELECTED RADA

In 1549, Ivan IV ordered a meeting of representatives of the boyars, clergy and service people in Moscow to discuss reforms. This was the first Zemsky Sobor in the history of Russia - a meeting of representatives of all Russian lands.

In subsequent years

to Zemsky Sobors

began to invite

representatives

almost everyone

layers of the population. They

gathered for

solutions most

important government

questions.

ELECTED RADA

In 1550, a new Code of Law was approved at the Zemsky Sobor (1497):

• the size of the elderly was increased when peasants transferred (on St. George’s Day) from one landowner to another,
• punishments for robbers were tightened,
• penalties for bribes were introduced,
• the rights of governors were limited,
• The Boyar Duma was given the right to be the highest legislative body under the Tsar.
• All laws had to undergo the procedure of boyar verdict (approval).

ELECTED RADA

1553-1560 – formation of a system of central government bodies - orders (preserved until the end of the 17th century). Orders are established to provide basic state needs:

• Petitioner,
• Ambassadorial,
• Local,
• Streletsky,
• Pushkarsky,
• Rogue,
• Printed,
• Falconer,
• Zemsky,
• Yamskaya, etc.

ELECTED RADA

In 1551, a church council was held - the Stoglavy (the adopted collection of documents consisted of 100 chapters) It was led by Metropolitan Macarius, Ivan IV took an active part in its work.

• Unification of church rituals.
• Recognition of all local saints as all-Russian ones.
• Regulation of icon painting.
• Prohibition of usury by priests.
• The rights of monasteries are limited.
• Non-jurisdiction of the clergy to secular authorities.

ELECTED RADA

1550-1556 – military reform:

• During hostilities, localism was limited - persons who showed military talent were appointed to the highest military positions, regardless of the nobility of the family.
• A favorite has been created

thousand - core

local militia,

directly

subordinate to the king.

• First attempt

creation of regular

the army became an institution

Streltsy regiments

(received a salary)

ELECTED RADA

1556 “Code of Service” - determined the exact norms of compulsory service for all farmers:

The basis of the army

Noble militia:

1 warrior from 150 acres of land; service begins at the age of 15, is inherited, land allotment for service is 150-450 dessiatines. The Don Cossacks are gradually joining the army. The humble service class becomes the social support of the tsar in the confrontation with the boyars

ELECTED RADA

The result of the reforms of the Elected Rada was the strengthening of the central state power and its social support - the nobility, as well as the formation of an estate-representative monarchy.

• Death of Queen Anastasia
• Disagreements between Ivan IV and members of the Elected Rada on issues of domestic and foreign policy

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Vasily III and Elena Glinskaya

Slide 3

“The great, proud boyars brought him up to their own and their children’s misfortune; they competed with each other, caressing his every passion, pleasing him in every pleasure. When he began to reach the age of about twelve, he first of all began to shed the blood of dumb animals, throwing them from the porch to destruction. In his fifteenth year he began to make fun of people. Truly he committed the most robber deeds and many other evils...” (according to the memoirs of A. Kurbsky)

Slide 4

“We used to play children’s games, and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Shuisky would sit on a bench, leaning his elbow on our father’s bed and putting his leg on a chair, but wouldn’t even look at us.”

The Faceted Chamber in the Moscow Kremlin. (Marco Fryazin, Pietro Antonio Solari.)

Slide 5

1547

Ivan Vasilyevich began to be called “the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus'.” His power, it was emphasized, is of divine origin. It was argued that his family goes back to Augustus, the successor of Julius Caesar. The title “king” comes from the latter’s name. Ivan IV was crowned king in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

Slide 6

The young tsar married Anastasia Romanovna Yuryeva, the daughter of the okolnichy Roman Yuryevich Zakharyin-Yuryev.

The Tsar's Bride's Choice (artist Ilya Repin)

Slide 7

In the summer of 1547, an uprising broke out in Moscow.

Rumors spread: “The Glinskys set Moscow on fire, and the Tsar’s grandmother Anna Glinskaya cast a spell: she took out human hearts and put them in water and sprinkled that water while driving around Moscow, and that’s why Moscow burned out.” On June 21, a huge fire almost burned the wooden capital to the ground - 25 thousand households burned down, 80 thousand Muscovites were left homeless, almost its entire population, 1700 people died.

Slide 8

Reforms of the Elected Rada.

Adashev A.F. Priest Sylvester Prince A. Kurbsky

Slide 9

Reforms of the Chosen One are welcome.

This was the so-called Near Duma, composed of members of the “big” Boyar Duma who were especially close to the tsar. At the Zemsky Sobor convened in 1549, Ivan Vasilyevich called on everyone to work together, announcing the need and the beginning of reforms.

Slide 10

The Zemsky Sobor in Rus' from the mid-16th to the end of the 17th century was a meeting of representatives of all segments of the population (except serfs) of the Moscow state to discuss political, economic and administrative issues.

Slide 11

The government in 1550 adopted a new code of law.

limiting the power of governors and control over their activities by the central government and representatives of the local population - the “best people”. (elders and kissers are elected from the townspeople and black-growing peasants); in the mid-50s. the government abolished the feeding system along with the governors; uniform and generally known amounts of court fees and viceroyal “feeds” have been established; It is forbidden to servile or accept nobles into servitude; The right to peasant transition on St. George's Day was abandoned. Exit was made difficult by the increasing size of the elderly.

Slide 12

Code of laws of 1550.

nobles in the most important cases for them could only be judged by the Tsar's court, and not by the Boyars' court, as before; The first Code of Law and the statutory charters prescribed that at the trial of the regional feeders there should be present the sotskie, elders and good and better people, and the Code of Law of 1550 adds a courtier, an elected steward.

Slide 13

Public Administration Reform:

it was decided to place the “chosen thousand” - 1070 nobles. The “thousand” included nobles who did not have their own land near Moscow, which made it difficult for them to serve at court; household taxation was replaced by land taxation. A new unit of taxation was introduced - the “big plow”. Its size fluctuated: a black-plowed peasant's plow accounted for less land, but more taxes, than a landowner's plow; A system of orders - central governing bodies - is being created.

Slide 14

Orders:

Posolsky - foreign policy Yamskaya - postal service Rank order, which was in charge of the distribution and appointment of service people “in the fatherland” and the Local order, which allocated estates to the nobles; Streletsky, Pushkarsky, Cossack - military affairs; Petitioner – considered complaints; the order of the Great Treasury was in charge of trade and finance; The order of the Great Parish was in charge of collections and collection of taxes.

Slide 15

Zemstvo reform:

Lip and zemstvo elders and kissers replaced feeders; some government functions were transferred to zemstvo elders chosen by the local population. provincial institutions turned into the main bodies of district government. The compilation of bonded books, criminal cases, supervision of public order in the districts (guba), and collection of taxes came under their jurisdiction.

Slide 16

Military reform:

Unity of command was strengthened by establishing the seniority of the first (large) governor of a large regiment; Strengthening discipline and prohibiting localism in the “service” with governors; A permanent (streltsy) army is formed. To provide for the Streltsy army, a new household tax was introduced - “food money”.

Slide 17

Stoglavy Cathedral of 1551:

proclaimed the inviolability of church property and the exclusive jurisdiction of clergy to the church court; prohibition for monasteries to found new settlements in cities; Regulation of the norms of church life was carried out in order to increase the educational and moral level of the clergy.

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http://www.persons-info.com/index.php?id=167&v_nav=Г&sort=ll&sord=a http://www.club-vozrojdenie.ru/forum/29-370-5 http://artclassic. edu.ru/catalog.asp?cat_ob_no=&ob_no=19137 http://wforum.heroes35.net/printthread.php?tid=2218 http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2012/03/02/moj_germogen/ http: //city.live174.ru/images/images.php?type=event&itemid=2528&header=Tsarskaya+bride&image=0 http://olga74ru.dreamwidth.org/30460.html http://inspir52.ya.ru/replies. xml?item_no=3047 http://ou.tsu.ru/school2/poln/det/hist/state/ivan4/st_b2.html http://stepanov01.narod.ru/history/lect06_6.htm http://rusk .ru/st.php?idar=20751

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Objective of the lesson: To form ideas about the directions of Russian foreign policy and the nature of its implementation by Ivan IV; continue work on developing students’ cartographic skills when studying foreign policy issues.

Plan for studying new material: I. Directions of foreign policy. II. Annexation of Kazan and Astrakhan. The meaning of victories in the East. III. Danger from the south. Serif stripe. IV. Livonian War.

The main directions of foreign policy in the second half of the 16th century Southern direction Eastern direction Western direction Kazan Khanate Nogai Horde (vassal dependence) Astrakhan Khanate Crimean Khanate Narva, Dorpat, Polotsk Livonian War - Russia’s war for the lands of the Old Russian state on which the Livonian Order was created.

In 1550-1551, Ivan the Terrible personally took part in the Kazan campaigns. In 1552, the campaigns of the Crimean Tatars and Swedes were repelled, Kazan was conquered, then the Astrakhan Khanate (1556), in the 50s the Siberian Khan Ediger and Nogai the Great became dependent on the tsar. In 1553, after the voyage of Richard Chancellor, trade relations were established with England through the pier of St. Nicholas on the White Sea. In the spring of 1557, Tsar Ivan established a port on the banks of Narva. In 1558-1583 - the Livonian War. Russian foreign policy under Ivan the Terrible

The construction of Sviyazhsk, an ancient fortress erected in 1551 by Tsar Ivan the Terrible for the siege of Kazan, is a unique case in the history of Russian urban planning. Previously cut down a thousand kilometers from here, in the forests of central Rus', it was dismantled, transported on rafts along the Volga to the mouth of the Sviyaga River (25 km from Kazan) and reassembled here in just 4 weeks. In 1552, Ivan the Terrible conquered Kazan and annexed the Kazan Khanate to Russia. The Tatar population is evicted outside the city suburb; its forced Christianization begins. Annexation of the Kazan Khanate

Capture of Kazan. At the end of September, part of the wall was destroyed by a powerful explosion, Russian soldiers rushed through the opening, and on October 2 the city was taken. In December 1552, an uprising broke out on the territory of the Khanate, but it was suppressed, and its leaders were executed in Moscow. Ivan IV began sending letters to the Volga peoples, and soon the Bashkirs and Udmurts came under the rule of Moscow.

Annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate In the early 1550s, the Astrakhan Khanate was an ally of the Crimean Khan, controlling the lower reaches of the Volga. Before the final subjugation of the Astrakhan Khanate under Ivan IV, two campaigns were carried out: The campaign of 1554 was carried out under the command of governor Yu. I. Pronsky-Shemyakin. Astrakhan was taken without a fight. As a result, Khan Dervish-Ali was brought to power, promising support to Moscow. The campaign of 1556 was due to the fact that Khan Dervish-Ali went over to the side of the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire. After which, in July, Astrakhan was again taken without a fight. As a result of this campaign, the Astrakhan Khanate was subordinated to Muscovite Rus'.

Trip to Astrakhan. In 1551, the Astrakhan Khan went into the service of Moscow, but in 1554 he violated the agreement. In June 1554, Russian troops entered Astrakhan without a fight. Tribute was imposed on the Khanate, and I. the Terrible received the right to appoint khans. In 1555, Astrakhan, under pressure from the Crimea, again left the control of Moscow. In 1556, the Russian army approached the city and its residents swore allegiance to the Russian state.

Livonian War Reasons: To win access to the Baltic Sea in order to create conditions for organizing trade with Europe. 2. The cities of the Livonian Order hindered the development of Russian trade in every possible way. The reason for the war was the Order's failure to pay tribute for the city of Yuryev. After the order’s refusal to repay the debt, Ivan the Terrible declared war on him in 1558.

Annexation of the Siberian Khanate Around 1581-1582, the Stroganovs equipped a military expedition of Cossacks and military men from the cities beyond the Urals. The head of this detachment was Ataman Ermak Timofeevich. Having crossed the Ural Mountains, he reached the Irtysh, and a decisive battle took place near the capital of Kuchum - Kashlyk. Ermak entered Kashlyk and began to collect yasak (tribute) from the Siberian inhabitants. However, the victory of the Cossacks turned out to be fragile, and a few years later Ermak died. His campaign did not lead to the direct annexation of Siberia, but a beginning was made for this. Ermak Timofeevich

HOMEWORK - ON TERMS AND DATES Dates to remember 1552 - annexation of Kazan 1556 - annexation of Astrakhan 1558-1583. - Livonian War 1581-1584. – the beginning of the annexation of Siberia

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Purpose of the lesson: to lead to an understanding of the reasons for the fall of the government of the Chosen Rada and the introduction of the oprichnina; give an idea of ​​the nature of the oprichnina, the methods of its implementation and its consequences.

Plan for studying new material: I. The fall of the government of the Chosen Rada. II. Introduction of the oprichnina. Reasons, goals, governance of the country. III. Consequences of the oprichnina.

Cognitive task What was the strengthening of state power under Ivan IV and how was it achieved?

OPRICHNINA Oprichnina is a system of measures taken by Ivan IV to combat alleged treason.

The essence of the oprichnina 1565-1572

The Russian state during the years of the oprichnina TSAR Treasury and Treasury Boyar Duma Oprichnina Court Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' Church Council Bishops Abbots Zemsky Sobor Oprichnina orders Oprichnina treasury Oprichnina army Zemstvo and provincial elders Zemstvo army Posad people Parish churches oprichnina zemshchina Nobles

During the oprichnina period, Grozny achieved a sharp increase in his power. However, this was achieved at a huge cost. The country was devastated by the guardsmen, the Livonian War, and Tatar raids. Despite the official abolition of the oprichnina, mass executions continued. The devil is a guardsman. Miniature 16th century.

HOMEWORK - ON TERMS AND DATES Dates to remember 1565-1572. - oprichnina 1584-1598. - reign of Fyodor Ivanovich 1581 - establishment of “reserved years” 1597 - decree on “prescribed years” Terms for remembering “Reserved years” - prohibition during these years of peasant transition from land to land, from one owner to another. Oprichnina - a political experiment of Ivan IV, the essence of which was to divide Russia into two territories - zemshchina and oprichnina (where the tsar’s personal rule existed); The establishment of the oprichnina led to terror against the zemshchina.

Slide 1

* Homework §25 read, answer questions; study the presentation material; find and study additional material on the Internet.

Slide 2

Slide 3

* Lesson plan 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan IV. 2. Royal wedding. 3. Reforms of the Chosen Council. 4. Russia by the middle of the 16th century.

Slide 4

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible Vasily III Ivanovich - Grand Duke of Moscow (1505-1533), son of Ivan III the Great and Sophia Paleologus, father of Ivan IV the Terrible Vasily III (1505-1533)

Slide 5

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible Vasily was the second son of Ivan III and the eldest son of Ivan’s second wife Sophia Paleolog Ivan III, pursuing a policy of centralization, took care of the transfer of full power through the eldest son, with the limitation of the power of his younger sons. Therefore, already in 1470 he declared his eldest son from the first wife of Ivan the Young as his co-ruler. However, in 1490 he died of illness. Two parties were created at court: one grouped around the son of Ivan the Young, the grandson of Ivan III Dmitry Ivanovich and his mother, the widow of Ivan the Young, Elena Stefanovna, and the second around Vasily and his mother Sophia on March 21, 1499. Vasily was declared the Grand Duke of Novgorod and Pskov, and on April 14, 1502, the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir and All Rus', autocrat, that is, he became co-ruler of his father

Slide 6

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible After the death of Ivan III in 1505, Dmitry was chained and died in 1509. Vasily was no longer afraid of losing his power. The first marriage was arranged by his father Ivan, who first tried to find him a bride in Europe, but the search did not end in success. He had to choose from 1,500 noble girls. The father of Vasily Solomonia's first wife, Yuri Saburov, was not even a boyar. Since the first marriage was barren, Vasily obtained a divorce in 1525. At the beginning of 1526, he married Elena Glinskaya, the daughter of the Lithuanian prince Vasily Lvovich Glinsky. On August 25, 1530, their son Ivan was born, the future Ivan the Terrible, and then his second son, Yuri Vasily III, died on December 3, 1533 from blood poisoning

Slide 7

Slide 8

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible After the death of her husband in December 1533, Elena Vasilievna carried out a coup, removing from power the guardians (regents) appointed by her husband’s last will and became the ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The most important point in the reign of Elena Glinskaya is the implementation of a monetary reform (started in 1535) She actually introduced a single currency on the territory of Rus'. This was a silver penny weighing 0.68 g; one fourth of a penny - half Elena died on April 4, 1538. According to rumors, she was poisoned by the Shuiskys; data from the study of her remains indicate the probable cause of death was poisoning (mercury)

Slide 9

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible The boy ruler, endowed with a smart mind, mocking and dexterous, from an early age felt like an orphan, deprived of attention. Surrounded by pomp and servility during ceremonies, in everyday life in the palace he had a hard time experiencing the neglect of the boyars and princes, the indifference and insults of those around him. Added to this was the fierce struggle for power of the boyar groups of the Glinsky and Belsky, Shuisky and Vorontsov. Later, already in his mature years, Tsar Grozny could not forget his childhood hardships: “We used to play children’s games, and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Shuisky would sit on a bench, leaning his elbow on our father’s bed and putting his foot on a chair, but he wouldn’t even look at us.” Some of the boyars (Glinsky, Belsky ) pursued a policy of limiting the power of governors and volosts - representatives of the center in counties and volosts

Slide 10

* 1. The beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible Others (the Shuiskys), on the contrary, advocated strengthening the position of the feudal aristocracy (distribution of lands, privileges, tax and judicial, to boyars, monasteries). First one group, then another, came to power. In such an environment the Grand Duke grew up. Already in those years, unattractive traits were forming in his character: timidity and secrecy, suspiciousness and cowardice, distrust and cruelty. Watching scenes of civil strife and reprisals, he himself, growing up, began to get a taste for it - he gave, for example, the order to his hounds to hunt down Prince Andrei, whom he disliked. Shuisky The Young Grand Duke was outraged by the unjust deeds of the boyars in cities and volosts - seizures of peasant lands, bribes, court fines, etc. “Black people” - peasants and artisans, and, most importantly (in the eyes of Ivan IV) - the treasury and order suffered from their extortion and peace in the state

Slide 11

* 2. Crowning on December 13, 1546, Ivan Vasilyevich for the first time expressed to Macarius his intention to marry, and before that to crown the kingdom “following the example of his ancestors.” A number of historians (N. I. Kostomarov, R. G. Skrynnikov, V. V. Kobrin) It is believed that the initiative to accept the royal title could not have come from a 16-year-old boy. Most likely, Metropolitan Macarius V. O. Klyuchevsky played an important role in this. Klyuchevsky adheres to the opposite point of view, emphasizing the sovereign’s early desire for power; the idea of ​​a wedding came as a complete surprise to the boyars. The ancient Byzantine kingdom with its divinely crowned emperors has always been an image for Orthodox countries , however, it fell under the blows of the infidels. Moscow, in the eyes of Russian Orthodox people, was supposed to become the heir of Constantinople - Constantinople

Slide 12

* 2. Crowning to the Tsar In January 1547, when Ivan was 16 years old, he was crowned in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Crowning of Ivan IV to the Tsar. According to the “rite of wedding” compiled by Metropolitan Macarius, a convinced supporter of the autocracy of the Moscow sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich began to be called “Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus'” The next month, the young Tsar married Anastasia Romanovna Yuryeva, daughter of the okolnichy Roman Yuryevich Zakharyin-Yuryev. New relatives of the Tsar who appeared at the court received high ranks and positions

Slide 13

* 2. Crowning of the kingdom In the summer of 1547, an uprising broke out in Moscow. On June 21, a huge fire almost burned the wooden capital to the ground - 25 thousand households burned down, 80 thousand Muscovites were left homeless, almost the entire population, 1,700 people died. The outbreak of an epidemic and famine decimated people . Rumors spread: “The Glinskys set Moscow on fire, and the Tsar’s grandmother Anna Glinskaya cast a spell: she took out human hearts and put them in water and sprinkled them with that water while driving around Moscow, and that’s why Moscow burned out.” This turn of events turned out to be beneficial for the Zakharyins and their supporters

Slide 14

* 2. Crowning of the kingdom The fall of the government accelerated the uprising of ordinary Muscovites. On June 26, they gathered at a meeting, and by his decision, the rebels moved to the Kremlin, captured and killed one of the Glinskys - the uncle of the Tsar, the boyar Prince Yuri Vasilyevich, his brother Mikhail Vasilyevich Glinsky managed to escape from the capital Tsar Ivan, who left Moscow due to the fire, holed up in the village of Vorobyovo near Moscow (on the Vorobyovy Gory). Here on June 29, the rebels came, armed with anything, and demanded that the tsar give them Anna and Mikhail Glinsky for reprisal. Ivan tried to persuade them to stop the uprising, insisting that he did not have the Glinskys. Muscovites, believing him, went to the city. The uprising soon subsided. Ivan IV retained the memory of it for the rest of his life: “From this, fear entered my soul and trembling into my bones, and my spirit was humbled.”

Slide 15

* 3. Reforms of the Elected Rada By the end of the 40s. under the young tsar, a circle of court figures was formed, to whom he entrusted the conduct of state affairs. Prince Andrei Kurbsky later called this new government the “Chosen Rada.” The main role in it was played by Alexey Fedorovich Adashev, one of the rich Kostroma nobles, the tsar’s bed servant, who by his will became a Duma nobleman (the third rank in the Boyar Duma after the boyar and okolnichy), as well as the head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the 16th - 17th centuries) Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovaty, Duma clerk (fourth Duma rank), confessor of the Tsar Sylvester, several noble princes and boyars. The composition of the “Elected Rada” is the subject of debate

Slide 16

* 3. Reforms of the Elected Rada In 1549, Ivan IV convened the “Cathedral of Reconciliation”, subsequently such councils began to be called Zemsky Sobor. Zemsky Sobor in Rus' - a meeting of representatives of various segments of the population of the Moscow state to discuss political, economic and administrative issues. Zemsky Sobors became estate representative bodies. authorities in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries A class-representative monarchy arose in Russia

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