Depletion of biological resources presentation. Natural resources and their rational use

Humanity constantly uses various natural resources. These include minerals, solar energy, wind and tidal energy, water, atmospheric air, soil, vegetation and wildlife. There are inexhaustible and exhaustible natural resources.

Inexhaustible natural resources include water, climate and space resources. Their reserves are so huge that human economic activity has little effect on them. Although fresh water, due to its uneven distribution on the planet and pollution, is often considered an exhaustible natural resource.

Exhaustible natural resources are divided into non-renewable and renewable. Non-renewable resources are sources of mineral raw materials (coal, oil, gas). 100 billion tons of solid material are extracted annually. There will be enough oil on the planet for 50 years. Renewable resources include vegetation, wildlife and soil. Their consumption by humanity is constantly growing. Every year, 20 million hectares of forest are cut down - the main source of species diversity of life on the planet. Currently, about 600 species of vertebrate animals are on the verge of extinction.

Human impact on the soil is increasing. Due to irrigation and drainage, about 7 million hectares of arable land are lost every year. The plowing of virgin lands and the construction of cities changes the natural habitat of organisms. In many countries, natural landscapes have been replaced by anthropogenic landscapes - man-made - which are reducing the diversity of living organisms on the planet.

One of the most serious environmental problems is the release of pollutants into the environment - substances that enter the soil, air, water and disrupt the natural processes occurring there. Air pollution is caused by the release of industrial gases into the atmosphere. Long-wave heat rays coming from the heated surface of the Earth are delayed. This leads to the greenhouse effect, the consequences of which can be catastrophic: melting of polar ice and rising sea levels, swamping of the tundra, expansion of desert zones.

"Major Environmental Issues" - May lead to global climate change. Solution to the problem. Human influence. Global environmental problems. Acid rain. Indirect influence. Various types of precipitation. Extermination of animals. Main environmental problems. Ozone holes. Acidification of water bodies. Ultra-violet rays.

“Ecological problems of the Earth” - Extermination of rare animals. Radiation threat. Let's save endangered species of plants and animals. Against poaching. Regulated exploitation of natural resources. Saving water. Make up a proverb. Natural disasters. Sorting waste for recycling. Uncontrolled deforestation. Ecological problems.

“Global warming” - Results of the study. British Biological Station on Saini Island. Global climate change. Let's explore with children. Lessons in the botanical garden. Global warming, ecosystem dynamics. Mammoth fauna. Polar owls. Inquiry as a method of science education for schoolchildren.

“Modern environmental problems” - Modern environmental problems. Inexhaustible resources. Air pollution. The most important task. Depletion of natural resources. Pollution of water bodies and soil. Exhaustible resources. Anthropogenic changes in landscapes. The influence of human society. Environmental pollution.

“Ways to solve environmental problems” - Area of ​​disturbed land. The role of public environmental organizations. The developed countries. The role of the state and civil society. State of water resources in Russia. Fundamental social change. Introduction of economic mechanisms. Action plan for the implementation of environmental policy. Strategy.

“Global environmental problems of humanity” - Active life. General shortage. CIS countries. Ecological crisis. Fresh water. Countries had to completely stop producing freons. The phenomenon of regular formation of holes. Pollution problem. Rational use of land. Intensive destruction of the ozone layer. Global environmental problems of humanity.

Slide 2

The concept of “natural resources” and their classification

Natural resources are natural objects and phenomena that people use in the labor process. These include: atmospheric air, water, soil, minerals, flora and fauna, solar energy, etc. The main components of natural resources are: Water resources - water reserves used as a source of water supply for industrial and domestic needs, hydropower, as well as transport routes, etc. Land resources - resources used or intended for use in agriculture, for buildings in populated areas, for railways and highways, as well as other structures, for nature reserves, parks, squares, etc., occupied by minerals, etc. Forestry resources - raw materials (used to obtain wood), as well as forests for various purposes - health (sanitary resort), field - and forest protection, water conservation, etc. Mineral resources - all natural components of the lithosphere, used or intended for use in the production of products and services as mineral raw materials in their natural form or after preparation, enrichment and processing (iron, manganese, chromium, lead, etc.) or energy sources.

Slide 3

Energy resources are the totality of all types of energy: solar and space, nuclear energy, fuel and energy (in the form of mineral reserves), thermal, hydropower, wind energy, etc. Biological resources are all living environment-forming components of the biosphere with genetic material contained in them. They are sources for people to receive material and spiritual benefits. These include commercial objects (fish stocks in natural and artificial reservoirs), cultivated plants, domestic animals, picturesque landscapes, microorganisms, i.e. This includes plant resources, animal resources (stocks of fur-bearing animals in natural conditions; stocks reproduced under artificial conditions), etc.

Slide 4

All natural resources are divided into two groups: exhaustible and inexhaustible. Exhaustible resources are those, the volume of which can be determined and limited with a certain degree of accuracy, the reserves of which, as they are exploited, have decreased to such an extent that their further exploitation threatens their complete disappearance. As a result, depletion of natural resources inevitably occurs. In turn, exhaustible resources are divided into renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable natural resources include those that can be restored either by the forces of nature themselves (naturally) or with the help of purposeful human activity, but only if the conditions and rate of restoration for this are maintained. Renewable resources usually include: land (elements of soil fertility), water (fresh underground water in the zone of active water exchange) and biological (forests, natural feeding grounds, land, aquatic fauna, flora and fauna, etc.). Inexhaustible natural resources are divided into: space, climate and water. This is the energy of solar radiation, sea waves, and wind. Taking into account the huge mass of air and water on the planet, atmospheric air and water are considered inexhaustible. Selection is relative. For example, fresh water can be considered a finite resource, since acute water shortages have arisen in many regions of the globe.

Slide 5

Environmental measures

Currently, the Federal Target Program “Waste” is being implemented, the task of which is to reduce the level of environmental pollution from waste and save natural resources through the maximum possible recycling of waste into economic circulation. The program includes tasks to reduce the volume of their formation through the introduction of low-waste and non-waste technologies, reducing the amount of hazardous production residues through the use of new technologies, as well as tasks for their environmentally safe disposal. Despite some progress in the field of environmental protection in general and in waste management in particular, the situation on this issue in Russia, compared to many developed countries of the world, remains tense. Only 3.5% of solid household waste is processed industrially, and the rest is transported to landfills and landfills. Until now, in Russia there is a negligible number of enterprises for the neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste that meet the necessary requirements, and practically no equipment is produced for these purposes. If urgent measures are not taken, Russia may turn into a “waste dump.”

Slide 6

Ways to solve a global problem

For example, Italy has proposed using new types of building materials in cities: “transparent concrete”, air purifying paint (it “absorbs” smog) and antibacterial ceramic tiles. The Finnish Pavilion was designed to minimize CO2 emissions as much as possible (in other words, to ensure that the greenhouse gases it creates are captured and used). In the case of Malaysia, the building material for the facade was recycled plastic, as well as material based on recycled palm oil. Norway used translucent material for the roof - a special type of artificial leather. In addition to transmitting light during the day, this material accumulates solar energy - and the pavilion can provide itself with energy independently, completely autonomously from the general power grid.

Slide 7

Thank you for your attention!

View all slides

The concept of “natural resources” and their classification Natural resources are bodies and forces of nature that, at a given
stage of development of the productive forces of society can be
used as commodities or means
production, and the social utility of which changes
(directly or indirectly) under the influence of human activities.
The main components of natural resources are:
Water resources – water reserves used as a source
water supply for industrial and domestic needs,
hydropower, as well as transport routes, etc.
Land resources are resources used or
intended for use in agriculture, under
buildings in populated areas, under railways and highways
roads, as well as other structures for nature reserves, parks,
squares, etc., occupied by minerals and other land
resources that until recently were considered
non-renewable element of natural resources.
Forest resources are raw materials (used to produce wood), and
also forests for various purposes - recreational (sanitary resort), field - and forest protection.

Mineral resources - all natural components of the lithosphere used or intended for use in production

products and services like
mineral raw materials in their natural form or after
preparation, enrichment and processing (iron,
manganese, chromium, lead, etc.) or energy sources.
Energy resources – a combination of all types
energy: solar and space, nuclear energy,
fuel and energy (in the form of reserves of useful
minerals), thermal, hydropower.
Biological resources are all living components
biosphere with the genetic genetics contained in them
material. They are sources of obtaining
people of material and spiritual benefits. These include
commercial objects (fish stocks in natural and
artificial reservoirs), cultivated plants,
pets, picturesque landscapes,
microorganisms, i.e. this includes plants
resources, resources of the animal world (reserves of fur-bearing animals
in natural conditions; reserves that can be reproduced in
artificial conditions), etc.

Classification of natural resources:

Environmental protection measures, their types:

1. Environmental measures in the region
protection and rational use
water resources:
- construction, expansion and
reconstruction of treatment facilities;
-
creation of water circulation systems;
-
exercising control over
use of water;
- separation of industrial, household and storm drains;
- construction of collection facilities,
transportation, processing and
elimination of liquid industrial
waste;
- improvement of technical condition
reservoirs.
2. Environmental measures in
areas of atmospheric air protection:
- installation of gas catchers
devices intended for
trapping and neutralizing harmful
substances from gases coming from
technological units;
- construction of recycling plants
substances from waste gases;
- control over
air pollution;
- vehicle equipment
exhaust gas neutralizers;
- use of gas fuel.

3. Environmental measures in the field of protection and rational use of land resources: - implementation of reclamation

lands
(productivity restoration
disturbed lands);
- economical use of land
fund during construction and
operation of buildings and structures;
- removal of the fertile soil layer before
violation of agricultural
lands.
4. Energy saving measures:
- elimination of energy losses (insulation
buildings, better insulation of pipes and tanks)
- increasing energy efficiency
production processes
- energy reuse
(heat exchangers).

Ways to solve a global problem

For example, Italy proposed using new types of building materials in cities:
“transparent concrete” (transparent concrete), paint that purifies the air (it “absorbs” smog)
and antibacterial ceramic tiles. The Finnish Pavilion was designed in such a way that, wherever possible,
minimize CO2 emissions (in other words, so that the greenhouse gases created in it are captured
and was used). In the case of Malaysia, the building material for the facade was recycled plastic,
as well as material based on recycled palm oil. Norway used for the roof
translucent material is a special type of artificial leather. In addition to allowing light to pass through during the day, this
the material accumulates solar energy - and the pavilion can provide itself with energy independently,
completely independent from the general power grid.
Another problem that the world community drew attention to was the disappearance
evergreen tropical rainforests. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization
UN (FAO), relating to the spring of 2010, the area of ​​​​tropical forests in 2001-2010. decreased by 8.5% more,
than in the previous decade. As is well known, tropical rainforests are the richest
an ecosystem on the planet that plays an important role in maintaining the sustainability of the entire biosphere. They are helping
curb the growth of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, clean the air on the planet, and contribute to
stabilization of precipitation, etc. Also, almost half of the world's fauna lives in tropical forests, so
that they serve as a vast source of biological and genetic resources. According to some scientists,
tropical forests are shrinking so rapidly that up to 135 people are being lost every day
species of plants, animals and insects, and per year these losses amount to over 50 thousand. species.

The condition of Russian forests is also rapidly deteriorating, in particular due to barbaric logging. For example, it turned out that in

Republic of Altai, in the taiga near the famous Lake Teletskoye, under the guise
From sanitary fellings, commercial harvesting of cedar wood has been going on for a long time. According to local residents,
Every night, columns of timber trucks transport valuable cedar wood to the neighboring Kemerovo region. Not
The situation is also better in the Urals, where over the past two years there have been forests in specially protected natural areas
were cut down on an area of ​​240 hectares. This indicates a lack of proper control by
states for the use of forests.
In connection with this desperate situation, at a meeting of the regional Duma it was decided to finalize
amendments to the existing law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas”. In the meantime, according to the verdict
for discussion of the bill, it is possible to cut down a forest park, for example, “in the event of a man-made or
natural character" or "if necessary, use the territory of a natural monument for
construction of roads, pipelines, etc.,” but there is not a word about the possibility of restoring the forest or supporting it
or development. Thus, the current law practically pushes towards the destruction of natural
monuments, which threatens colossal damage to future generations.

Over the past 30 years, humanity has spent a third of the resources available on Earth. Every year, resource consumption increases by 1.5%. Therefore, saving natural resources, searching for alternative resources, recycling raw materials, and reusing waste are becoming so important.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

“Saving resources and responsible consumption” Promotion of the priceless and free market

Over the past 30 years, humanity has spent a third of the resources available on Earth. Every year, resource consumption increases by 1.5%. Therefore, saving natural resources, searching for alternative resources, recycling raw materials, and reusing waste is becoming so important. Every year, the population throws away more and more packaging, tires, and household appliances. Today, the issue of waste reuse is again on the agenda. “Second life” of waste helps save significant amounts of raw materials and energy

The girl's top part of her dress is made from a broken keyboard

An interesting use for plastic bottles was found in the city of Roubaix, France. They were used to build these spherical meeting rooms in the park

Globe model made from plastic bottles

What to do with a huge number of vuvuzelas (African pipe)? They were used to make original lamps

The original gazebo is built from glass bottles

Hundreds of thousands of tons of tin cans are generated every year.

An interesting installation in Sydney - a Christmas tree made from old bicycles

A tiger made from everything. He took part in the Chinese New Year parade in Sydney

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The class hour is devoted to a current topic: the harm of smoking, both active and passive...