Presentation Western Siberia 9th grade geography. Presentation on the topic "Western Siberia"
Objective of the lesson: To study the influence of the region’s EGP and the provision of natural resources on the development of the region and its economic specialization. To study the influence of the region’s EGP and the provision of natural resources on the development of the region and its economic specialization. Identify differences in the TPK of Western Siberia. Identify differences in the TPK of Western Siberia.
1) Administrative division of the West Siberian region. TASKS. 1. Determine the administrative-geographical location of the region on a map of Russia. 2. List the administrative units of the district. 3. Find the largest cities in the region and mark them on the contour map.
It borders with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. - ¼ is located beyond the Arctic Circle. - Exit to the Kara Sea. - Borders with the Urals and Eastern Siberia. - Located at the intersection of transport routes. - Distance from the center. - Swampiness. - Possesses rich natural resources. - Openness of the territory from the north. - Large area of territory.
TIC of Western Siberia West Siberian (petrochemical and woodworking industry complex) Kuznetsk-Altai (coal and metallurgical complex) TASK: On the contour map, mark the natural resources and main industrial centers of these TIC.
Select 3 true statements for each subject of the region: 1. The region contains the 2nd most populous “millionaire” city in Siberia. 2.Located within the Altai Mountains. 3.The main resources of the region are oil, gas, timber. 4. Promising recreation area (Teletskoye Lake). 5. In the region - Kuznetsk basin. 6.They are engaged in sheep farming and beekeeping. 7. The most economically developed region in Siberia. 8.The main wealth of the region is agroclimatic resources. 9. Powerful thermal energy has been developed based on its coals. 10. On the territory of the region, the center of tractor manufacturing is Rubtsovsk. 11. The largest region of Western Siberia. 12. In the region there is a “millionaire” city, the center of science in Siberia. 13. The military-industrial complex – aircraft manufacturing – is well developed. 14.The main wealth is polymetals, salts, cement. 15. Novokuznetsk is the largest center of science in Siberia. 16. In the south of the region, sunflowers and orchards are grown. 17.Administrative unit – region. 18. Almost the entire territory of the region is swampy.
Let's check the task! 1. Tyumen region, Tyumen. – 3.11, Kemerovo region -y-y-y-yy Kemerovo. – 5.9, Novosibirsk region. - Novosibirsk city. - 7.12, Omsk region - Omsk - 1.8, Altai Territory - Barnaul - 10.14, Altai Republic, Gorno-Altaisk - 2.4, 6.
Final test. 1. The largest cities of the West Siberian region are located: A along the Trans-Siberian railway B near large deposits C in the northern part of the region D along the Siberian rivers 2. Find a characteristic feature of the region: A the most powerful hydroelectric power stations B the presence of “millionaire” cities C the most high proportion of urban population; mechanical engineering is developed
Homework Prepare a message on the topic (optional): Prepare a message on the topic (optional): - The peoples inhabiting the territory of Western Siberia, their traditions, customs and rituals. - Peoples inhabiting the territory of Western Siberia, their traditions, customs and rituals. -Problems and prospects for the development of Western Siberia. -Problems and prospects for the development of Western Siberia.
9th grade student "A"
Municipal educational institution secondary school with UIOP No. 78
Taldykina Natalya
Slide 2
Western Siberia is the part of Siberia between the Urals and the Yenisei valley. It was annexed to the Russian state and developed by the Russians in the 16th-17th centuries.
Slide 3
Western Siberia is an area stretching 2,500 kilometers from the Arctic Ocean to the dry steppes of Kazakhstan and 1,500 kilometers from the Ural Mountains to the Yenisei.
Slide 4
Geographic zoning
Western Siberia covers five natural zones: tundra, forest-tundra, forest, forest-steppe, steppe, as well as low-mountain and mountain regions of Salair, Altai, Kuznetsk Alatau and Mountain Shoria.
Slide 5
Nature
Western Siberia is one of the richest regions in the country in natural resources. A unique oil and gas province has been discovered here. Huge reserves of hard and brown coal, iron ores and non-ferrous metal ores are concentrated in the region.
Slide 6
Relief
Western Siberian Plain
The West Siberian Plain is usually divided into four large geomorphological regions:
1) marine accumulative plains in the north;
2) glacial and water-glacial plains;
3) periglacial, mainly lacustrine-alluvial plains;
4) southern non-glacial plains
Slide 7
Relief map
Slide 8
Climate
Western Siberia is a country with a fairly harsh continental climate. Significant differences in climatic conditions in the northern and southern parts of Western Siberia, associated with changes in the amount of solar radiation and the nature of the circulation of air masses, especially westerly transport flows.
Slide 9
Water
Western Siberia is rich in underground and surface waters. The entire territory of the country is located within the large West Siberian artesian basin, in which hydrogeologists
Several second-order basins are distinguished: Tobolsk, Irtysh, Kulunda-Barnaul, Chulym, Ob, etc.
Slide 10
Vegetation
In the forest-swamp zone, 60% of the area is occupied by swamps and poorly drained swampy forests, dominated by pine forests, occupying 24.5% of the forested area, and birch forests (22.6%), mainly secondary. Smaller areas are covered with damp dark coniferous taiga of cedar, fir and spruce.
Slide 11
Animal world
In Western Siberia there are about 500 species of vertebrates, including 80 species of wild mammals, 350 species of birds, 7 species of amphibians and about 60 species of fish. Whitefish, bream, carp, carp, and pike perch were introduced into the reservoirs of the plain. Muskrat, American mink, and muskrat have been acclimatized.
Slide 12
Natural resources
Almost all the natural resources necessary for the development of industries are concentrated in Western Siberia: oil, gas and coal.
Slide 13
Oil and gas fields of Western Siberia
The West Siberian oil and gas basin, the largest oil and gas basin in the world, located within the West Siberian Plain in the Tyumen, Omsk, Kurgan, Tomsk and partially Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk regions, Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories of the RSFSR. The area is about 3.5 million km2.
Slide 14
Industry of Western Siberia
The fuel industry, which deserves discussion first of all, is the most important and largest base in Russia, producing more than half of the oil and gas throughout the Russian Federation. The corresponding name of the TPK is West Siberian. It has such deposits as Surgut, Ust-Balyk, Samotlor and many others.
Slide 15
Population
The total number of residents of the West Siberian region is 15141.3 thousand people, the growth is positive and amounts to 2.7 people per 100 inhabitants, the role of the migration influx is great. The share of the urban population is over 70%. If we allow the development of transport in the future, the population density of Western Siberia will increase significantly.
Slide 16
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Lesson topic: “Western Siberia”
The purpose of the lesson: Organize work to understand the peculiarities of the geographical location, resource base, population and economic specialization of Western Siberia. Tasks: Educational: Educational: Development of attentiveness, logical thinking and broadening of horizons, preparing students for life in a post-industrial society. consolidate the ability to extract information from atlas maps ability to analyze data and formulate conclusions reveal the reasons for the dependence of natural resource potential and economic sectors; as well as the dependence of the development of the area on the characteristics of the EGP Educational: Development of cognitive interest, creative activity of students, education of information culture; students must make sure that the development of any territory is impossible without knowledge of its characteristicsEquipment:During the classes
- Organizing time
Learning new material
Exercise 1. Study the map of the atlas “Western Siberia” and fill in the gaps in the text. The area of the district is _______km2. ______thousand people live here. people Western Siberia is a region of Russia that borders 3 states: _________________. Russia's neighbors are ____________________ regions. In the North, Western Siberia has access to the _______sea. The region consists of_____subjects:____regions,____autonomous okrugs,____territories,_____republics. Two important transport routes pass through the region _______________ The closest ties are established with the ______________ economic region. The benefits of the EGP of Western Siberia are _________________ The negative factor is ______.
- Slide check
Teacher: - Different parts of Russia differ in natural and economic conditions: some of them are densely populated, while others are deserted; some are rich in minerals, while others are poor in them. Thus, the conditions of each territory are favorable for the development of various industries, and each territory focuses on the production of those types of products for which the conditions for production are most favorable.
Task 2. Group work 1 group. Conclusion: development of the territory is complicated _ (swampy areas, permafrost, polar night in the north of Western Siberia) ______________________
2nd group. (rich, not rich) natural resources, especially _________ (fuel).
Answer. Western Siberia has large oil and gas deposits. Oil fields are located in the middle part of Western Siberia - the middle Ob region, in the area of Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk: Samotlorskoye, Surgutskoye, Salymskoye, Ust-Balykskoye, Varieganskoye, etc. Natural gas is being produced in the north of the Tyumen region in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Deposits - Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, etc. In the south, in the Kemerovo region, the largest Kuznetsk coal basin is located (high quality coals, accessibility to industrial development). In the south of the Kemerovo region (Mountain Shoria region) there are iron ore deposits. Altai has reserves of mercury and gold, manganese and polymetallic ores. In the south – Kulundinskoe Lake – deposits of Glauber’s salt and table salt. Forest resources are significant; the taiga has valuable types of wood - cedar, fir, larch. In the south - in the steppe zone there are fertile soils - chernozems. Water resources are significant.
3rd group. - demographic indicators- placement - density - National composition - urbanization, cities (strong, weak); the area has (wealth or deficit)
Answer. Population – 15.0 million people; 10.2% from the Russian Federation. Natural increase is negative - 5.5. The population is unevenly distributed. The average density is 6 people/sq.km. The southern regions are the most densely populated - along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The taiga is inhabited mainly by river valleys. In the tundra the density is less than 1 person/sq. km. The indigenous population of the north - the Nenets - is a Ural family. The middle part is inhabited by two peoples - the Khanty and the Mansi - a Finno-Ugric group and a Uralic language family. In the south - the Altaians - the Altai family. The Russian population predominates - more than 90%. Urbanization rate – 71%. Large cities are located mainly at the intersection of railroads and navigable rivers. The millionaire cities are Novosibirsk and Omsk.
Student reports about the cities of Western Siberia.
Teacher: - When a territory begins to produce one or another product in volumes exceeding local needs, and provides it to other regions of the country, then its territorial specialization. - Three groups of factors influence territorial specialization: - natural (natural conditions and resources); - social (number and composition of the population, historically developed labor skills); - economic (availability of transport infrastructure, consumers, etc.)
Task 3. Determine the economic specialization of the area. (Appendix 2)
1 group.
Natural resources
2nd group.
coefficient
specialization K
.
P
N
If K____1
, then this industry is branch of specialization
.
N – Share of the region’s population
in the total population of the country =
Draw a conclusion. The areas of specialization of the region are _______________
3rd group.
Industries of specialization
70% of all Russian oil 92% of all-Russian gasCast iron, steel, rolled products
Aluminum Tin Zinc
Mineral fertilizers, synthetic resins and plastics, chemical fibers, tires
Airplanes, radio equipment, instruments. Tanks, spacecraft, launch vehicles, communications satellites. Mining and metallurgical equipment, machine tools. Tractors Cars
Round timber, furniture, matches
Wheat
Meat, milk 11% 13% - all-Russian.
Antlers, meat Answer:
- Diversified economy;
Developed scientific base;
This is the country's main oil, gas and coal base;
Large metallurgical base;
Area of developed grain farming
Teacher: - The northern and southern parts of Western Siberia differ significantly in the nature of economic specialization. Oil and gas production determine the specialization of the north. The satellite image shows oil production in the Tyumen region in the area of the Purovskoye field. Variegated light lilac and white tones – disturbed areas, field infrastructure (drilling sites, pipelines, roads); dark lilac objects – burns from fires; light lilac monochromatic – wetlands. Gas production in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Urengoyskoye field. Lilac and pink tones – infrastructure; dirty green and brown are wetlands. Here in the northern part of the region formed petrochemical West Siberian TPK. - The specialization of the southern part of the region is determined by coal mining, the metallurgical industry and highly developed agriculture. The photo shows the Kuznetsk coal basin. Violet and dark lilac shades – the territory of the deposit (coal mines, quarries, rock dumps). Novokuznetsk is a large metallurgical center with two full-cycle plants, a ferroalloy plant and an aluminum plant. A section of the territory of the Altai Territory - pink and brown tones - plowed agricultural land. Here in the southern part of the region formed coal-metallurgical Kuznetsk-Altai TPK.
- What problems of the area are clearly visible in these photographs?
Answer: 1. Swampiness. The nature of the tundra makes it difficult for economic activity in this natural zone (the presence of lakes and swamps prevents the construction of roads, harsh climatic conditions are unfavorable for people's lives.) The teacher explains that in the tundra, roads and sites where drilling rigs are located have to be specially filled. 2. Heavy industry (mining, metallurgy) predominates – unfavorable changes in the structure of the economy. 3. Environmental problems: pollution of the Ob River with oil; destruction of reindeer pastures; air pollution in the Kuzbass region with coal dust, emissions from metallurgical plants, smoke from thermal power plants; soil erosion. 4. Problems of the peoples of the Far North; 5. Labor shortage; 6. Insufficient development of social infrastructure.
Teacher: - How can these problems be solved, and what are the prospects for the development of the region?
Answer: 1. Drying 2. Development of manufacturing industries 3. The use of special equipment, reconstruction of old industries, adoption of laws on nature conservation.CONCLUSION.In terms of its economic potential, the region ranks third after the Center and the Urals.The main economic function of Western Siberia is the supply of oil and gas to the European part of the country. Powerful concerns have been created in the oil industry of Western Siberia. The largest and most stable operating companies are Lukoil and Surgutneftegaz. The role of coal has been declining recently. The region stands out in the all-Russian division of labor for ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and the chemical industry. The production of durum wheat grain is of great importance. 10% of grain harvests in Russia. 3. Consolidation. Getting ready for the GIA.1. In western Siberia, the North zone occupies:
- Most of the territory; About half; A smaller part.
- tundra taiga mixed forests broadleaf forests
- Forest; Fuel and energy; Ore.
- In the north; On South.
- Urengoy; Novokuznetsk; Novosibirsk
- Own; Imported.
- Novosibirsk Barnaul Tomsk Tyumen
- coal A. Arkhangelsk region oil B. Republic of Tatarstan wood V. Kemerovo region Chelyabinsk region
9. How can we explain the location of nitrogen fertilizer production in the city of Kemerovo? Please provide at least two reasons. 10. How can we explain the location of tractor manufacturing in the city of Rubtsovsk in the south of Western Siberia? Please provide at least two reasons. 11. Identify the region based on its brief description. This republic borders on three countries. The only urban settlement is the capital. Like most mountainous areas, it is populated extremely unevenly: most of the villages are located along rivers, as well as in intermountain basins. The leading sector of the economy is agriculture. The share of industry in the economic structure is one of the lowest in the country. The food industry, mining of non-ferrous metal ores, and production of building materials are developed.12. Complete the diagram of the Siberian metallurgical base.
To never be born again
And on fast horse-skis
Don't slide behind the sables.
Our boats are like graves
They will rot sadly on the sands,
And in deserted villages
Only mice will live.What problem of the indigenous people of the North is mentioned in the poem?4. Homework: pp. 289-291 (textbook geography of Russia “Population and Economy” Alekseev, Nikolina), characterize the TPK according to the plan - 1 option of the West Siberian, 2 option - Kuznetsk-Altai.
Plan
Geographical position.
Natural conditions and the most important types of natural resources.
Largest cities.
Sectors of industrial specialization (by city).
Features of transport development.
Territorial production connections.
Problems and prospects for development.
Conclusion about the significance and development of TPK.
1 group. Give a brief description of the natural conditions of Western Siberia. How are natural conditions different? Assess the natural conditions.
Conclusion: development of the territory is complicated ______________________2nd group.
Determine from the atlas map what natural resources the area has (indicate where, in what part of the district). Give an economic assessment of the natural resources of Western Siberia. Mark the largest mineral deposits on the contour map. Formulate a conclusion: Western Siberia (rich, not rich) natural resources, especially _________
3rd group. Give a description of the population of Western Siberia: - demographic indicators - accommodation - density - National composition - urbanization, cities Assess the population and workforce. Formulate a conclusion: the population of the territory is (strong, weak); the area has (wealth or deficit) labor resources; The problem of the indigenous population is acute.
Appendix 2
1 group.
Using knowledge about the natural resources of the region, suggest what sectors of the economy will be developed in Western Siberia. Fill the table. On the economic map, find the centers and regions of these economic sectors.
Natural resources
3rd group.
Using the textbook text, fill in the table. On the economic map, find the centers and regions of these economic sectors.
Industries of specialization
Prove that Western Siberia stands out for its powerful economy. Answer: Evidence that Western Siberia has developed a powerful economy:- Diversified economy;
……… ………..
…………..
……………
To determine specialization there is coefficient specialization K . P – share of the region’s products in the total production of the country N – share of the region’s population in the total population of the country
If K____1 , then this industry is branch of specialization .
N – Share of the region’s population
in the total population of the country =
It became widespread many years ago. Antler reindeer husbandry has become widespread in . Deer bred for these purposes are kept in special pens. Deer are the only family of mammals that annually grow and shed a massive organ - antlers. Antlers- horns during the period of their annual growth, have a tubular non-organic structure, filled , covered with thin velvety skin with short soft hair. deer are of great value due to their medicinal properties. cut from living animals without harming them. , obtained thanks to these animals, helps many, many people cope with illness. In eastern traditional healing systems (China, Korea), antlers are widely used to preserve strength and youth; they are at the very top of the drugs used and are comparable only to ginseng.
Self-analysis of the lesson
Lesson "West Siberian Economic Region" is 17 in the topic "Geography of large regions of the Russian Federation", so the main task of the lesson was
- identify the features of the geographical location and natural resource potential of the area; create an “image of the territories” that are part of the Z-SER to form an idea of the specifics of the formation of the region’s population and its modern settlement; characterize the areas of specialization in the region and the factors of their development; determine the state of the economy and problems.
Based on the objectives, the content and structure of the lesson were selected. The content of the educational material meets the program requirements and is as close as possible to the age characteristics of the students.
The structure of the lesson is also aimed at achieving the goals.
The lesson type is combined, so almost all the main stages of the lesson are present. The proposed lesson model allows students, with the help of various sources of information, to identify the significance of the West Siberian region for the country's economy, evaluate natural resources for economic development, establish specific features of the population, determine the areas of specialization of the territory, formulate the problems of the region and outline ways to solve them. The lesson is presented in a single format in the form of a presentation.When planning a lesson, much attention is paid to organizing the work of students in the lesson, a change in student activities is expected, and time is clearly allocated for each type of activity. Information resources are considered as a means to help make the lesson more productive. In the lesson, everything is subordinated to the main goal; other technologies and types of work are also used: working with a map, a textbook. The developed presentation is some aesthetic and informational background of the lesson, accompanying it from beginning to end. Students, working in creative groups, gain a holistic understanding of the modern economy of the region, problems and development prospects. They develop broad-mindedness and responsibility in decision-making, the ability to communicate and defend their point of view.
When learning new material, a large role is given to students’ independent work. The children, using textbooks, work according to the instructional card in groups, analyze and compare, and independently draw conclusions, which allows them to actively develop students’ thinking. The training session is distinguished by a clear organization, a high level of independence and self-organization of students, and differentiation of the educational process. Filling out tables based on the results of each group’s work allows you to significantly reduce lesson time and present new knowledge in a logical graphic form.
After learning new material, a test of mastery of the material follows, where a time-saving test control is used, which allows you to quickly test the children’s knowledge, increases the children’s interest in the lesson, and is also aimed at developing self-esteem skills.
Homework is partially differentiated and allows you to take into account the capabilities and interests of the children.
During the lesson, various forms and methods of work were used: frontal work, independent individual work, group work. A variety of explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, and partial search methods allows you to make the lesson rich, interesting and productive.
Throughout the lesson, different types of feedback were used: self-control, observation of students’ activities, mutual control, which allows for timely correction of errors and directing the children’s activities in the right direction.
During the lesson, various teaching aids were used necessary for the implementation of the educational process: a textbook, atlas maps, models of geographical objects - interactive maps, digital space images, technical teaching aids (computer, projector, electronic presentation), magnetic aids, which increases the cognitive activity of students to subject.
Thus, thanks to the use of various methods and forms of work, correctly selected content of educational material and the structure of the lesson, the objectives of the lesson are realized and the goal is achieved.
14
Western Siberia Russian power will grow in Siberia. M. V. Lomonosov Geography teacher Meleshko I. Yu. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1504
TASKS: To identify the composition and features of the EGP of the economic region of Western Siberia; Assess the natural conditions and natural resources of Western Siberia for the development of the region’s economy; Determine the areas of specialization in Western Siberia; Formulate problems and identify ways to solve them
Assignment: Determine the composition of the economic region (textbook p. 221, political and administrative map). Composition of the economic region Western Siberia
5 regions: 1. Tyumen (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug); 2. Novosibirsk; 3. Tomsk; 4. Omsk; 5. Kemerovo 1st region: 1.Altaisky (Barnaul) 1st republic: 1.Altai (Gorno-Altaisk) Composition of the economic region Western Siberia
EGP of Western Siberia
Assignment: Using a map, evaluate the EGP of Western Siberia according to the plan: Position in relation to state borders. On the territory of the country. Neighbours. Access to the sea. Transport situation of the EGP of Western Siberia
Fill in the blanks in the text: Western Siberia is a region of Russia that borders 3 states:. Russia's neighbors are ________________. areas. In the North, Western Siberia has access to the ____________ sea. Its area is ________ million km 2, ________% of the territory of Russia. ______ thousand people live here, ______% of the total population of Russia. The region consists of ___subjects: __regions, ___autonomous okrugs, ____territories, ____ republics. The closest ties are established with the __________ economic region. Two important transport routes pass through the territory of the region _________________________ The benefits of the EGP of Western Siberia are _____________ The negative factor is ____________.
Western Siberia is a region of Russia that borders on 3 countries: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. Russian neighbors are the Northern, Ural, and East Siberian regions. In the North, Western Siberia has access to the Kara Sea. Its area is 2.4 million km 2, 14% of the Russian territory. 15 million people live here, 10% of the total population of Russia. The region consists of 9 subjects: 5 regions, 2 autonomous okrugs, 1 region, 1 republic. The closest ties are established with the Ural economic region. Two important transport routes pass through the region: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Northern Sea Route. The benefits of the EGP of Western Siberia include access to the seas of the Arctic Ocean and proximity to the Ural economic region. A negative factor is the distance from the central regions of the country.
Fill out the table Natural conditions Western Siberia Relief Climate Water Soils Natural areas
Fill out the table Natural conditions Western Siberia Relief Lowland - West Siberian Plain, in the south the Altai Mountains Climate C Arctic Yu Mind. Continental Waters of the Ob and its tributaries, swamps Soils 1/3 of all soils are permafrost, 4/5 podzolic soils, chernozems in the south Natural zones Latitudinal zonation: N Arctic desert Tundra Taiga Mixed forests S Steppe
Determine from the map what natural resources the area has. Plot them on an outline map. Give an economic assessment of the natural resources of Western Siberia. Formulate a conclusion: Western Siberia (rich, poor) in natural resources, especially___________________________
Conclusion: Western Siberia is rich in natural resources, especially fuel.
Problematic question: How can we explain that the largest oil and gas fields are concentrated in Western Siberia? If the question is difficult, use the textbook p. 224.
Fill out the table Industries of specialization Products of industries Centers and regions
Fill out the table Sectors of specialization Products of industries Centers and regions Fuel Ferrous metallurgy Non-ferrous metallurgy Chemical Mechanical engineering Forestry and woodworking Grain farming Beef and dairy cattle breeding Reindeer husbandry
Ecological problems
Environmental problems: Destruction of reindeer pastures Oil pollution of rivers Air pollution with coal dust, smoke Soil erosion Swampiness
Homework §49-50 1. Solving environmental problems of the region. 2. Getting ready for the State Examination
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