Development of school research papers. Download work on the topic: Research work of students and ways to improve it

INTRODUCTION

Topic of the work and rationale for choosing the topic

The research work brought to the attention of the reader is devoted to...
Have you ever wondered why...? I noticed.../thought about this question when...
I've always wondered why...
The desire to know... appeared in my childhood. I was interested in …
The topic of our work: “...”. I chose this particular topic for research because...
In the future, I would like to connect my life with ... that’s why I’m already interested in ... and chose ... as the topic of my research.
I became interested...after one day...
When I... it struck me/I became interested...

Relevance

... has become an integral part of our lives today. We use... without thinking...
The relevance of the topic of our work is determined by the fact that currently...
In the modern world... is of great importance because...
In recent years, we have often heard and used the word...
Many people are interested/fascinated/think...
Today the problem... is one of the most pressing because...
The question... has become the focus of research in recent years...
The topic is the subject of lively discussions...
This is explained by the fact that... affects our health / mood / success
The problem ... attracts close attention of scientists and the public due to the fact that ...
Recently it has appeared... and people have begun to think more and more often about...
Probably every person at least once in his life thought about...
...has always raised a lot of questions among people...
Today there are two opposing views on this problem...
Today there is debate / there is no consensus on this issue...

Novelty

Today there are works devoted to... in general. However, we decided to study this topic using the example of our class/school, and this is the novelty of our research.

Goal of the work

The goal of the work is to find out why...
The main goal of the work is to answer the question ... / prove that ...

Tasks

To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks:
To achieve this goal, we set ourselves the following tasks:
Job objectives:
The tasks of the work include:
Study literature on the topic
Find out the meaning of the terms...
Find examples ... in ... / collect material ... / study the composition ... / measure the level ...
Conduct a survey / experiment / observation
Compare/contrast/analyze the results obtained
Draw conclusions about...

CHAPTERS

First chapter (theoretical)
Basic terms and concepts, history of the issue

The key concepts for our study are….
... called ...
On the official website... we found the following definition of the term... "..."
Ivanov V.V. in the book... defines the concept... as...
Petrov V.V. understands the term...
Sidorov S.S. considers...as...
Andreev A.A. in the book "..." gives the following definition...
… - This …
The site... offers the following definition of the concept...
Ivanov’s article “...” in the magazine “...” states that...
It is generally accepted that...
It is generally known...
First, let's look at the history of the issue...
The history of the issue is covered in detail on the pages of modern encyclopedias, for example..., as well as on the website... For the first time....
From the book...we learned that...
As Ivanov I.I. writes. ... in the article ... "...", ...
According to Ivanov V.V. ...
Perhaps this is related...
Besides, …
It's interesting that...
It is a common belief that...
It must be emphasized that...

Chapter two – description of the study

In order to find out... we decided to conduct a survey... among the students/parents of our class. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire/social media survey. The survey involved ... students and ... parents.
Respondents were asked the following questions: ...
The study was conducted on the material...
We took… as material for the study.
The examples came from...
The results of the survey are presented in Table 1.
In Figure 2 you can see...
Figure 3 shows...
In this case we see ... / we are dealing with ...
At the same time, it should be noted...
Noteworthy is the fact that...
The diagram shows...

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

Conclusions by chapter

Based on all of the above, we can state...
All of the above allows us to draw the following conclusions: ...
Thus we see...
Hence …
It's obvious that …
As can be seen from everything said above...
From the above it follows that...
Summarizing the above, it is necessary to note the following...
To summarize Chapter 2, it is necessary to emphasize...
Summing up the interim results, we can say that...
As a result of our research, we found that...
In conclusion, it should be noted...
The study allowed us to draw the following conclusions...
The main conclusion I made: ...
During the study, it was revealed/established that...
Thus, we are convinced...
All of the above proves that...
Based on the above, it is logical to assume that...
All of the above convinces us that...
The most plausible version seems to us..., because...
The examples we found and analyzed allow us to identify the following pattern: ...

Conclusion
Prospects for further research

We see prospects for further research of the problem in a more detailed study...
In the future it would be interesting...
In our opinion, it would be interesting to study / explore / consider...
In addition to ... discussed in this work, in our opinion it would be interesting to study ...
The work examines only one aspect of the problem. Research in this direction can be continued. This could be a study not only... but also...

Purpose of work

The study may be useful and interesting for school students who are interested in..., as well as for everyone who is interested in...
The results of our research could help children in...
The work may be of interest to...
The results of the study can be used by teachers when preparing lessons / competitions / quizzes on the topic ....
The work can be used for further research...
With my work I wanted to draw the attention of my classmates to the problem...
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results formed the basis for the rules I developed ... / reminders on ... for ...

What did the work give to the researcher himself?

In the process of writing the work, I learned/learned/discovered/found out...
The work helped me understand / realize / solve the problem / take a fresh look...
In the process of working on the research, I gained experience... I think that the knowledge I acquired will allow me to avoid mistakes / help me correctly...
The results of the study got me thinking...
What gave me the most difficulty was...
The research has fundamentally changed my opinion/perception about...

While carrying out research work, students perform organizational and managerial functions at SNIL, while simultaneously acquiring relevant skills. The diagram of the comprehensive program of student research work for the entire period of study is presented in Fig. 1. An important role in enhancing the scientific and technical creativity of students is played by the organizational...

...: - strengthen interaction with the management structures of the additional education system of the Stavropol Territory, with specialized educational institutions; - determine specific measures to intensify work with gifted youth through Olympiads at various levels, professional skills competitions, and scientific conferences; annually hold a virtual auction “Hello! We are looking for talent...

The volume of the main text of the dissertation is ... pages. CHAPTER I THEORITICAL ASPECTS OF DETERMINING MODERN METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE INNOVATION POTENTIAL OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF A UNIVERSITY COMPLEX 1.1. Theory of innovation and innovative potential of scientific activity It seems appropriate to begin the study of this problem by characterizing the content of the concept “...

Dedicated to the history of consumer cooperation in Russia. It became widespread among students of the university and its branches. Conclusion As a result of the research conducted on the topic: “The experience of youth entrepreneurship in the scientific and technical sphere,” a number of conclusions can be drawn: 1. The decisive condition for national security and the successful development of modern Russia is to ensure its...

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Rechenskaya secondary school

named after Professor N.D. Kolesov

Alekseevsky municipal district

Volgograd region

Nomination: “Countrymen-Heroes”

Research

Topic: “Trace in History.”

Work completed:

Kholodova Alena –

10th grade student

MBOU Rechenskaya secondary school

Supervisor:

Shekhmatova Natalia Alexandrovna –

geography teacher

Rechensky farm

2014

1. Introduction: P.3 -4

Purpose of the study

Research objectives

Research methods

Place, timing and duration of the study.

2.Research results: pp. 5 - 14

Chapter I

Chapter II. “N.D. Kolesov is a Great Citizen of his country...”

Chapter III. The military page in the life of Nikolai Kolesov.

Chapter IV. The long road in science.

Chapter V. "The river flows into history..."

3. Conclusion. P.14 - 15

4. List of used sources and literature. P.16

5. Application. P.17-19

Introduction

Relevance of the research topic :

In every city and village there are people whom you want to tell everyone about. The project “Countrymen - Heroes” is the realization of this desire. I want nothing to disappear without a trace, so that the memory of a man who left a significant mark in the history of our state, my small homeland, remains in our hearts.
Adolescence is a special age for personality development. The student's duty is knowledge of the history of his small homeland, knowledge and memory of his fellow countrymen, their deeds. And those who are interested in the history of their native land carry out painstaking work to further study it. “A person’s interests are formed mainly in his childhood,” wrote academician D. S. Likhachev. He believed that “if a child has an interest in the lives of other people, in the history of his country, in literature and art, if he wants to do something good, then he will grow up to be a kind, decent, useful person for Russia.”

Purpose of the study:

Tell about a man of interesting destiny, who glorified his small homeland with his work and skill.

Research objectives :
1. Analyze different types of information sources on the topic of the research work.
2. Study the biography, life and activities of our fellow countryman, whose name our school bears.

Research hypothesis :
I can assume that knowledge of the modern history of our small homeland and the people who glorified it can qualitatively increase the level of patriotism among teenagers and have a positive impact on the formation of their personality.

Object and subject of research :
Object of study: Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov, his personal example, contribution to the development of modern society.
Subject of research: biography of a fellow countryman, his social and labor activities.

Research methods:
Analysis of information sources, observation; conversations, processing of the results obtained.

Place, timing and duration of the study:

MBOU Rechenskaya secondary school, Rechensky village, Alekseevsky district, Volgograd region.

2012 – 2013 academic year – beginning of the 2013 – 2014 academic year. 1.5 years.

Research results:

Chapter I . Brief biographical sketch.

KOLESOV NIKOLAY DMITRIEVICH

12/11/1925 – 04/17/2012

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation

Full member of the Academy of Humanities

Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg

Honorary Professor of Lugansk Agrarian University

State University (Ukraine)

Honorary Doctor of Volgograd

State University (Russia)

Honorary Doctor of the University of Budapest (Hungary)

Honorary Doctor of the University of Prague (Czech Republic)

A person can make of his life what he wants,

and give it so much value for yourself and for others,

as much as his own strength allows him

W. von Humboldt.

A truly unique person lived in our village, he was a defender of the Fatherland, a great scientist, a wonderful parent and just a good neighbor.

His biography makes us think about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man in this world.

Born on December 11, 1925 in the Rechka farm, Alekseevsky district, Volgograd region.

In 1943 he graduated from school and volunteered to go to the front. As part of the 4th Ukrainian Front, as a machine gunner, sapper and reconnaissance rifle division, he participated in the liberation of Ukraine; was wounded twice. In January 1944, after being seriously wounded during reconnaissance on Perekop, he lost his leg and was demobilized.

Since August 1944 he worked as a beekeeper on his native collective farm.

In 1945-1959 studied at the Department of Political Economy, Faculty of Economics, Leningrad University, in 1950-1953. - in graduate school.

Since 1953 - teacher, then associate professor (1955-1963), head of the department (1963-1995), professor (1995-2010) of the department of political economy (since 1991 - department of economic theory and economic policy) of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) ) university. In 1964 he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Economics, and in 1965 he was awarded the academic title of professor.

In 1975-1990 - Chairman of the Main Council of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the RSFSR for Political Economy.

He was elected secretary of the party committee of Leningrad University (1963-1965), a member of the plenum of the Vasileostrovsky Republican Committee of the CPSU, and a deputy of the district council. For a number of years he headed the Council of War and Labor Veterans of the university.

He was buried at the Volkovskoye Orthodox Cemetery.

[http://ru.wikipedia.org]

Chapter II. “N.D. Kolesov is a Great Citizen of his country..."

The biography of Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov speaks of his large-scale significance in the field of science and education, in the country’s economy and political status.

However, the status of this wonderful person is important not only within the country, but also in a particular society of people, be it work colleagues or fellow villagers in his native village.

It is an indisputable fact that anyone who was destined to see him for the first time and communicate with him felt a certain shock from the unusual strength of his personality. And this shock, they say, is such that it is perceived as almost sensational.

Gentle irony, subtle humor, originality of thinking, research depth of scientific work, courage and originality of the proposed approaches to solving problems, the ability to find oneself in any situation, the wisdom of a leader who stimulates the creative freedom of his students, a keen interest in life in all its manifestations, courage and strength of spirit - all this is N.D. Kolesov. And the creative powers of N.D. Kolesov are enormous.

“Whatever Kolesov talks about, be it a discussion of any scientific problems or political-ideological incidents, or simply the complexities of life, his judgments are thorough without affective attacks, sometimes it seems that he even puts it all too simply on the shelves, but in As a result, everyone can feel his enormous intellect and unfussy wisdom. And his listeners, without themselves understanding how this happened, discover whole worlds of knowledge and feelings through which his clear and honest position of a person who is very firm in his principles of worldview emerges. Kolesov is like this everywhere: in personal conversations, in the classroom, in bosses’ offices...” [Memoirs of students and colleagues, NIKOLAI DMITRIEVICH KOLESOV, I.M. Shabunina]

The charm of N.D.’s personality Kolesov captivates everyone who has ever communicated with him, listened to his singing, stories, anecdotes, sayings.

“Nikolai Dmitrievich was distinguished by excellent human qualities. Like any great man, he was kind, sympathetic, always helping in word and deed.” This is exactly what every fellow villager of Kolesov says in his small homeland in x. Rechensky.

We are truly lucky to live next to such a unique person; we will long remember his meetings with students at our school, and the fascinating stories about the Great Patriotic War will remain in our memory for many decades. (Application)

Chapter III . The military page in the life of Nikolai Kolesov

When the Great Patriotic War began, Nikolai Kolesov was sixteen years old. He could not go to the front, where his father had gone as a soldier in the first days.

In the spring of 1943, yesterday's schoolboy, who was not yet seventeen years old, put on a soldier's uniform. At first there was a reserve regiment, comprehension of the difficult, but vital, soldierly science. Only in September N.D. Kolesov ended up in the active army, on the 4th Ukrainian Front.

Submachine gunner Kolesov went on reconnaissance missions and bravely fought against the Nazi invaders. Liberated Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk and Kharkov regions, Crimea from the enemy. For military services he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, the Red Star, and medals. Nikolai Dmitrievich will not forget the reconnaissance with battle at Perekop in January '44 from his memory. As he told us when we met, it was necessary to take the “language” from the enemy’s front line. The Nazis managed to discover a handful of brave souls and opened machine-gun fire on them. Then the scout Kolesov took a few steps on the ground mixed with metal and blood. Something cracked and buzzed in my ears. It flashed dazzlingly before my eyes. And the light went dark. His comrades picked him up.

I woke up on a stretcher in a field hospital. “And then,” Nikolai Dmitrievich said at a meeting with students, “the stretcher with me and another seriously wounded man was hooked under the wings of the corn farmer and off to the hospital. Maybe that’s why I consider the airplane the best form of transport since then. I go on any business trip in my country or abroad by plane.”

Doctors saved the scout's life. But he returned to his native land - to the village of Rechensky, Alekseevsky district - without his left leg.

Took on a job that I had never thought about in the past. In my father’s garden, a swarm of bees suddenly took a fancy to their place. Nikolai Dmitrievich sheltered him and took him honey. The board of the collective farm heard about this and sent Kolesov, a disabled person of the second group, to beekeeping courses during the winter. In the spring he was already busy around the hives. Nikolai Dmitrievich further said: “We were waiting for victory. And that day I was in the apiary, collecting honey. The weather was a miracle. It was very sunny, the aroma from the flowering gardens was intoxicating. At eleven o'clock in the morning a fellow villager came running to my apiary. He shouted: “Victory!” I was nineteen years old then.”

Chapter IV . The long road in science

The dream, interrupted by the war - to study further after ten years - did not give rest. And he, having read an advertisement in the newspaper about admission to Leningrad State University, left.

He successfully passed the exams and was enrolled in the department of political economy.

As the best graduate, N.D. Kolesov was left after completing his postgraduate course. He defended his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences and began teaching at this department. Later he defended his doctoral dissertation. He headed the department of political economy of the university - one of the oldest and largest in the country. During his studies and work, N.D. Kolesov developed into a major scientist, known for his works not only in the USSR, but also beyond its borders. He is the author of more than 300 scientific works, including about 50 monographs. His books and textbooks were published in many central publishing houses: Politizdat, Sotsekgiz, Publishing Houses "Economy", "Mysl", "Higher School", articles - in leading socio-economic journals: "Questions of Philosophy", "Questions of Economics", "Communist" , “The Economist”, “Economic Sciences”, “International Affairs”, etc. His books and articles were translated into many foreign languages ​​(English, Spanish, German, French, Hungarian, Polish, etc.), a number of works were translated into languages Asia and Africa: Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Arabic, Hindi, Swahili, etc. For example, the work of N. D. Kolesov “Essays on Economic Theory” was published in 16 foreign languages, and the work “Political Economy in Questions and Answers” ​​was published in 17. His name was included in domestic and foreign encyclopedias. (ApplicationI)

The international recognition of N.D. Kolesov’s scientific merits is evidenced by the following fact: the Nobel Prize Committee approached him with a proposal to nominate a scientist who has achieved outstanding results in economic science for the Nobel Prize.

In 2005, in St. Petersburg, he was awarded a prize in the category “The Most Famous Professor.” A huge number of congratulations on anniversaries from leading universities in the country and the world were kept by Nikolai Dmitrievich and now transferred to the school. (ApplicationII)

Many students and friends of N.D. work at Volgograd State University. Kolesova. The rector of Volgograd State University, Professor O.V. Inshakov, assessed the scientist’s work as follows: “N.D. Kolesov is the creator of one of the most fruitful scientific schools of Soviet economics. Under his leadership, 207 candidate and 80 doctoral dissertations were prepared and defended. This is unique for Russia in general. In essence, the creation of such an extensive school is a kind of record for the transfer of one’s knowledge and the formation of new ones among the next generation of scientists.” (Bulletin of Volgogr. State University. 2006. Ser. 6. Issue 9. P. 7). (ApplicationIII)

Among Nikolai Dmitrievich’s students are presidents, governors, ministers, world champions, academicians, professors... (AppendixIV)

After meeting with students from our school N.D. He left a lot of his books, photographs, newspaper clippings. And this is what we read in one of them. “Mentor of Anatoly Karpov” Newspaper “Truth of Buryatia” dated February 10, 1979. “At the end of last year, I had to live in the Novosibirsk Academic Town on a business trip. I was lucky to have a roommate. He turned out to be a very sincere person, with great erudition, a rich and interesting biography.

While getting acquainted, he said his last name - Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov. I immediately remembered his textbook, which I used to study at the university. I also remembered another book by the scientist - “Political Economy of Socialism in Questions and Answers”, written in a lively, popular language, which we students loved very much. Now Professor Kolesov is the generally recognized head of the Leningrad school of political economists of the USSR. But, despite his titles, Nikolai Dmitrievich is a modest person, an attentive interlocutor, a fascinating storyteller and a generally charming personality,” wrote Anatoly Karpov. And then the author of the article: “The experienced teacher immediately caught the young man’s extraordinary interest in science. What attracted him was his persistence in mastering knowledge, his ardent desire to comprehend the subtleties himself, to get to the bottom of complex issues. And then Nikolai Dmitrievich began to devote his time to the student. Thus, a friendship gradually developed between the famous professor and the talented student. And when the time came to write his thesis, Anatoly Karpov turned to Kolesov for advice. Anatoly Karpov’s work was successfully defended, but only one person, his scientific supervisor Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov, knew how difficult it was for the future scientist’s first scientific work to come about. Often N.D. They ask: “Have you ever played chess with Anatoly?” “But of course! We often played with him, staying until late at night either at the university, or at my house, or at his. Anatoly gave me a chessboard as a souvenir.” One day, students took a photograph of one of the sessions, and the next morning the wall newspaper published an interesting photograph with a friendly text. The photographer captured the moment when I, losing, began to smile, and Karpov was still playing, with his head in his hands as usual. The comic text read: “The world champion, student Karpov, is in a difficult position: to win or pass the game to Professor Kolesov before tomorrow’s exam?” When meeting with school students, Nikolai Dmitrievich gave us these photographs as souvenirs. (ApplicationV)

Chapter V . "The river flows into history..."

The department, headed by Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov, became a forge for retraining personnel and improving the qualifications of teaching staff at many universities in the country. They improved their knowledge under the direct supervision of N.D. Kolesov also taught at Volgograd universities: agricultural, medical, civil engineering institutes, and later Volgograd State University.

But every summer, the outstanding professor, a scientist known throughout the country, was drawn to his homeland, to the shore of his beloved Khopr. And here is what the Volgogradskaya Pravda newspaper wrote on August 11, 1981:

"In my native village." Head of the Department of Political Economy at Leningrad University, scientific supervisor of world chess champion A. Karpov, professor N.D. Kolesov spends his vacation in his native village of Rechensky, Alekseevsky district, where he meets every day with specialists, field farmers and livestock breeders of the local collective farm “Path to Communism”, talks about the development of the USSR economy.”

And every year, when N.D. comes home to his parents’ house. Kolesov's grateful students, colleagues, and friends came from all corners of the vast country. And there is hardly another small village in our region where one could meet so many rectors and professors at the same time. (ApplicationVI)

Many students from our school and district schools entered and graduated from the Faculty of Economics of VolSU and Leningrad State University. But even after graduation, Nikolai Dmitrievich invited them to participate in various scientific conferences throughout the country.

At the end of his life, Nikolai Dmitrievich decided to build a new house in his homeland and plant an orchard for his children and grandchildren. Unfortunately, he did not have time to complete the house. But his children come to their father’s homeland every summer and finish building the house. His friends don’t forget him either; when they come to his house, they always visit his favorite place on the banks of the Khopr.

Grateful fellow countrymen, remembering and appreciating the merits of Nikolai Dmitrievich, during his lifetime ensured that the rural school bear his name. By decision of the Alekseevsky District Duma of the Volgograd Region dated November 29, 2011 No. 13/119, the municipal educational institution Rechenskaya Secondary School began to bear the name of Professor Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov. And now every graduate can be proud of his native Rechensk secondary school named after Professor N.D. Kolesova.

Conclusion

There is a lot of beauty on earth, the whole earth is beautiful...

It's not about beauty, it's probably about

What does the homeland give each of us on the road?

Everything in the world is connected. While studying the history of my region and school, I met an amazing person who was born on this land. The life and work of Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov are worthy of admiration and admiration; all the experience of his work shows that even in the countryside a person can become famous and successful. That is why I wanted to tell about this amazing person.

Every time puts forward its heroes. My hero is both a hero of war and a hero of peacetime. In times of peace, heroes can be called people who leave behind, and perhaps during their lifetime, something important, something thanks to which their descendants will remember them. While doing my job, I discovered a lot of new things: I studied the history of my region, and learned a lot of interesting things about the life of my fellow countryman. This wonderful man brought benefit to many people with his daily work, working for the benefit of his region and the prosperity of the entire country. It is the duty of every person to respect the history of his native village, region, Russia, and learn to preserve the memory of his fellow countrymen. We must help ourselves find the path to goodness, justice, mercy, and experience a sense of pride and civic dignity. Tomorrow we will enter into life, and the fate of Russia will be in our hands. We must know the history of our country, its characteristics and understand the features of the national Russian character. The task of the current young generation is not to turn into indifferent, insensitive people, not to allow themselves to experience the symptoms of a modern disease - “monetary schizophrenia”. Ordinary people, such as Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov, help to make the right guidelines in life.
I am very glad that during my work I was able to communicate with this wonderful person; I have a lot to learn from him. There are many interesting people in our region whose fates I can tell about, but these are my plans for the future. In the future, I plan to continue working in this direction. Much has not yet been discovered by me, so I have something to work on.

List of used sources and literature.

Bulletin of VolSU. Series 6. Vol. 9. 2006

Tivanenko A. “Mentor of Anatoly Karpov” Newspaper “Truth of Buryatia” No. 35 dated February 10, 1979

St. Petersburg State University.

Nikolai Dmitrievich Kolesov. Bibliographic index. St. Petersburg, 1995

Internet resources: [http://ru.wikipedia.org]

Application

I Meetings at school

II Works of N.D. Kolesov

Congratulations from the country's leading universities

III Speeches by N.D. Kolesova at conferences.

IV N.D. Kolesov with M.M.Zagorulko N.D.Kolesov, D.N.Kolesov with

Kudrin

V N.D. Kolesov and Anatoly Karpov

VI On the Khoper River In my home

Municipal state educational institution

"POSPELIKHINSKAYA RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL"

Pospelikhinsky district

Altai region

Direction: art

Secrets of the paper sheet

Research work

Scientific adviser: Krasikova Natalya Vladimirovna,

primary school teacher at MKOU "Pospelikhinsaya Secondary Secondary School"

Project participants: 2nd grade students

MKOU "Pospelikhinskaya Secondary Secondary School"

Pospelikhinsky district

year 2013

Stages of work on the project…………...3

Introduction…………………………………5

Chapter 1. History of the issue……………...6

Chapter 2. Study of the properties of boom…..7

Chapter 3. Practical part………........

3.1.Paper making……….....8

Conclusion………………………..…….9

List of sources and literature….….10

Appendix…………..…..……………..11

Stages of work on the project

Student activities

Teacher activities

STAGE 1. Preparation

Conducting an introductory conversation in order to form a primary idea about the object being studied;

generating interest in this topic;

creating conditions and opportunities for further research activities.

Updating knowledge

Creating a problem situation:

Children's guesses

In the lessons of technology and the surrounding world, starting from the 1st grade, we became acquainted with paper and its types. In addition, children study in the “Magic Paper” club and make a lot of crafts - origami, appliques, papier-mâché and other beautiful products.

-Why do we use different types of paper to make different products?

-What do you think, is it possible to make paper yourself, what do you need to know for this?

Listen to the children and systematize their guesses in the form of a research plan: - the history of the paper,

How did people used to get along without it and what did they write on, - what types of paper exist, - what is paper made from?

STAGE 2. Organization of design and research work

Scheduled work

Selecting the topic and goal of the project (through a problem situation), determining the number of project participants

Discussion of the topic with the teacher, setting a goal, formulating tasks, putting forward a hypothesis

Presentation of pre-prepared instructions on the procedure for completing work for each student. Help in setting goals, objectives, and formulating a hypothesis

Identification of information sources.

Planning ways to collect it.

Planning the final product (forms for presenting the result)

Proposing ideas, making assumptions, determining work deadlines (step by step), distributing responsibilities among team members

Developing an action plan (how to do it?)

Definition of Basic Methods

Research activities

Collecting information, conducting research, proving a hypothesis.

Basic research methods: information search, literature analysis, observation, comparison, experiment and generalization of results.

Collecting information about the history of paper and methods of its manufacture.

Examination of paper, recording the results in the form of tables, photographs, records.

Project work - making paper at home.

Observation, advice, indirect management of activities, organization and coordination of individual stages of the project.

Results and conclusions

Information analysis. Formulation of conclusions. Registration of results

Information analysis. Presentation of results in the form of a presentation

Observations, advice, assistance in completing work

STAGE 3. Presentation of the finished product (presentation)

Presentation of the result of the work at the school and district research conference.

Report, answers to questions from listeners, controversy. Defending your point of view, formulating final conclusions

Correction of finished work, formulation of questions as from an ordinary participant

STAGE 4. Evaluation of processes and work results

Performance evaluation

Participation in assessment through brainstorming and self-assessment

Assessing student efforts, creativity of thinking, quality of use of sources, potential for continuing work in the chosen direction

Introduction.

Relevance: Paper plays a huge role in people's lives. Its discovery is a miracle, one of the greatest inventions of mankind. Having appeared once, paper firmly established itself on Earth and, without knowing any competitors, continues victoriously through the centuries.

We all, to one degree or another, come across paper and products made from it on a daily basis. The friendship that began with her in childhood does not stop throughout her life. At home, on the street, in the store, at school, we are glad to see this meeting. Many of our actions are related to paper. It is needed for everyday needs, and for writing a letter, and for creative work. In the lessons of technology and the surrounding world, starting from the 1st grade, we became acquainted with paper and its types. In addition, children study in the “Magic Paper” club and make a lot of crafts - origami, appliques, papier-mâché and other beautiful products. The guys wondered why different papers are used to make different products? And then the children became interested, what is it made of, who invented paper, what types of paper exist, how did people previously manage without it and what did they write on?

We began to look for information in encyclopedias, educational books, the Internet, and the guys and I visited our library, where we were offered books that very interestingly talk about paper and its origin. A whole paper world opened up for the kids.

From literature sources and the Internet, children learned that paper refers to materials made primarily from specially processed plant fibers, interconnected by surface adhesion forces into a sheet form.

The object of our research became paper.

Subject of study: paper properties

Target: try making paper at home

Tasks:

1. Study the history of paper.

2. Research and analyze the properties of paper.

3. Make paper at home.

Hypothesis: When producing creative works, we use bright, colorful, smooth, new paper. I wonder if it's possible to make paper yourself? at home?

Research methods: information search, literature analysis, observation, comparison, experiment and generalization of results.

Chapter 1.

Background

In ancient times, people rarely traveled from one country to another, and each nation had to invent different things. It was the same with writing material. People learned to write much earlier than paper was invented. They wrote on damp clay slabs. On boards covered in wax. The Egyptians invented writing on papyrus. Others have adapted to write on animal skin - parchment. In Rus' they wrote on birch bark.

Paper was invented in China around 105 by Cai Lun. He found a way to make it from the fibrous inner bark of the mulberry tree. Then they made it like this: they ground the bark of trees for a long time, scraps of silk wool, rags, crushed old fishing nets and threw them into a vat of water, shaking until a homogeneous, watery, mushy mass emerged, which was scooped out with a bamboo net. The sediment, which remained lying in a smooth layer on the mesh, was dried. Later, someone figured out how to improve the quality of paper by adding starch to it.

Trade caravans from distant countries came to China to buy goods and bought paper as their greatest value. The Chinese strictly kept their secret and for 800 years no one was able to find it out. But one day the Arabs defeated the Chinese army and captured prisoners. They extorted from the captured Chinese how to make paper.

They made paper by hand using the most primitive techniques. We received no more than 100–120 kilograms per day. With the development of printing, more and more paper was needed. There was not enough rags, which thousands of people collected. And then we decided to try wood. The experiment was a success - the wood was split into individual fibers and turned into paper pulp. Since then, paper has been produced from wood.

Nowadays paper is made in much the same way, only machines do it all. Paper machines produce paper strips several meters wide at a speed of 600-750 meters per minute.

And then paper appeared - a simple material, accessible for writing, made from raw materials of plant origin.

Chapter 2.

Study of paper properties

We tried to examine paper to find out what properties determine its appearance, quality and purpose. And for this we carried out the following experiments:

Experience No. 1. Moisture resistance of paper

Conclusion: From our experience it is clear that different papers have different properties. One absorbs water well (napkin, writing paper, newsprint), while the other is more moisture-resistant (tracing paper, wallpaper paper, cardboard).

Experience No. 2. Flammability of paper

Conclusion: all the paper is on fire. But different papers have different burning rates. Cardboard did not burn completely in the allotted time, wallpaper paper emitted a lot of acrid smoke and did not burn, paper napkin, writing paper, tracing paper, and newsprint burned to the ground.

Experience No. 3. Paper softness

Conclusion: cardboard, writing paper, wallpaper paper, tracing paper, newsprint are not soft, but the napkin is soft and pleasant to the touch.

Experience No. 4. Paper strength

Conclusion: Different papers have different strengths. Cardboard is durable, wallpaper paper is less durable, writing and newsprint paper is easily torn, sanitary paper is not durable.

The results of the research work are presented in table form.

Chapter 3.

Practical part

3.1 Paper making

Armed with the knowledge we had gained and the necessary materials, together with the children we tried to conduct an experiment, as a result of which we should have produced paper of our own production, but of different quality. Our work took place in several stages :

Stage 1:We used colored napkins as the basis for the first sheet of paper, and used newsprint to make the second sheet. Grind them (you can tear them into small pieces with your hands or cut them with scissors, the smaller the better)

Stage 2:We filled these scraps with water (the quantity does not matter), it is better if the water is warm.

Stage 3:Add a teaspoon of PVA glue to our mixture, and also a tablespoon of starch to the first mixture so that the sheet is elastic and can bend.

Stage 4:We mixed this mixture with a blender and it turned out to be a liquid paste.

Stage 5:Spread the pulp onto the mesh (spread in a thin, even layer). To do this, it is best to pour water into the container on which the screen is placed (tray, baking sheet, etc.) so that it covers the mesh with the mass. We smoothed out the slurry and then drained all the water.

Stage 6:After this, we blot our “sheet” of paper with a cloth until it becomes almost dry.

Stage 7:It's time for final drying. We left the sheet for natural ears.

After final drying, we ended up with a very beautiful and elastic (due to starch) handmade paper made from napkins, and a less attractive, but harder (without starch) paper made from newspaper scraps.

Conclusion

Thus, the goal we set at the very beginning of the work was achieved: the guys managed to make paper at home.

Yes, it’s nice to feel like one of the creators of the paper sheet. “Handmade” paper is not like machine-made paper: uneven in thickness, less smooth, too fragile - such paper is not suitable for printing. But handmade paper has one undeniable advantage - it is exclusive.

Over the centuries, people, relying on the various properties of paper, have come up with many ways to use it: in many industries, medicine, as well as in everyday life:

Printing paper - a widely used type of paper,distinguished by highsmoothness, whiteness; absorbs wellprinting ink(newspaper, printing, cover, label, etc.).

Decorative- paper that has a painted smooth surface, or a surface that looks like velvet, marble, or leather. This paper is used for finishing book bindings and designing book and magazine products.

Paper for writing, drawing - has low absorbency and youjuicy smoothness(writing, notebook, postal, copying, drawing, Whatman paper, tracing paper, drawing, etc.)

Packaging and wrapping paper- paper for packaging products.

Photosensitive paper- photographic paper.

Absorbent paper– blotter, etc.

But in addition to household, economic and industrial needs, paper is actively used in creativity.While studying literature, children encountered the unusual possibilities of ordinary paper. With the help of such a familiar sheet of paper, people create real works of art. And then the children became interested, is it possible to create a creative work from self-made paper using various techniques?We planned to find the answer to this question in our further research within the “Magic Paper” circle.

Bibliography

Glen Vecchione. Do it yourself! 100 most interesting independent scientific projects. – M.: “AST Publishing House”: Astrel Publishing House LLC, 2004

Dal V. And “Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language.” - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002.

Stephen W. Moye “Entertaining experiments with paper” - M.:AST: Astrel, 2007

http://www.calculate.ru/book/bumaga/klassifikaciya_i_vidi_bumagi/ Calculate

http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/16858/ Science and life

http://www.koshkindom.com.ua/html/produkt/bumaga.html Cat's house