Demographic problem in the environment presentation. Demographic problem in the world - presentation

The essence of the problem. The current demographic situation is a global problem. Rapid population growth is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while developed countries are experiencing a demographic crisis. Owing to their economic, social and cultural backwardness, the developing countries are least of all able to provide their population doubling every year with food and other material benefits, provide at least a basic education to the younger generation and provide employment to the population of working age. In addition, rapid population growth comes with its own specific challenges. The economic burden of the disabled population on the able-bodied population has increased significantly, which now in these countries is almost 1.5 times higher than the corresponding indicator in industrialized countries.

Studies conducted in recent years in a number of countries in Asia and Latin America show that where the level of economic and social development is the lowest, where the majority of the population is illiterate, the birth rate is very high, although many of them have a policy of birth control, and on the contrary, its decline is evident with progressive economic transformations.

Causes of occurrence. providing the entire population with housing of adequate quality full employment free access to education and medical care (impossible without the development of the national economy based on industrialization and modernization of agriculture, without the development of education and education, the solution of social issues) Political, national or racial reasons (If in 1970 there were 2 million refugees in the world, then in 1992 there were 19 million.)

Endowment of mankind with natural resources and pollution of the environment (“pressure” on natural resources, which in some areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew) Space filling (goes very quickly, garbage is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening.) Displacement of migrants from labor-surplus countries of the Third World to those rich countries where there are few children, many elderly pensioners, and fewer workers every year (Unable to stop the flow of immigrants to Western Europe from the countries of South-Eastern Europe, North Africa and Turkey.)

Examples of manifestation in economically developed countries. In some developed countries (France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary) the number of abortions and infant mortality is increasing, therefore, a policy aimed at increasing fertility is being actively pursued: families with two or more children are provided with good benefits and various benefits. The demographic problem of developed countries also lies in the frequent cases of suicides, both among young people and among the adult population.

International problem solving programs. In 1969, within the framework of the UN, a special UN Fund for activities in the field of population and the holding under its auspices of three World Conferences on Population Problems. The Fund, already at the beginning of its activity, developed the UN program in the field of population, which covered more than 100 countries and included about 1,400 projects. The Program calls for the development of policies and laws that provide better support for the family, which is the basic unit of society, and also contribute to its stability and take into account the diversity of its forms. The issues of fertility, mortality and population growth rates are considered. Issues of urbanization and migration.

Thus, the potential danger of the current demographic situation lies not only and not so much in the fact that in the next two decades the world's population will increase by almost 1.5 times, but in the fact that there will be a new billion starving, a billion people who do not find employment for their labor. in cities, one and a half billion disadvantaged people living below the "poverty line". Such a situation would be fraught with deep economic, social and political upheavals both within individual countries and in the international arena.

ESSENCE OF THE PROBLEM The current demographic situation is a global problem. Rapid population growth is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while developed countries are experiencing a demographic crisis. Owing to their economic, social and cultural backwardness, the developing countries are least of all able to provide their population doubling every year with food and other material benefits, provide at least a basic education to the younger generation and provide employment to the population of working age. In addition, rapid population growth comes with its own specific challenges. The economic burden of the disabled population on the able-bodied population has increased significantly, which now in these countries is almost 1.5 times higher than the corresponding indicator in industrialized countries.

REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE Providing the entire population with adequate quality housing Full employment Free access to education and medical care (impossible without the development of the national economy based on industrialization and modernization of agriculture, without the development of education and education, the solution of social issues) Political, national or racial reasons (If in In 1970 there were 2 million refugees in the world, then in 1992 there were 19 million.)

Provision of mankind with natural resources and pollution of the environment (“pressure” on natural resources, which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew) Space filling (goes very quickly, garbage is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening.) Displacement of migrants from labor-surplus third world countries to those rich countries where there are few children, many elderly pensioners, and fewer and fewer workers every year (It is not possible to stop the flow of immigrants to Western Europe from the countries of Southeast Europe, North Africa and Turkey.)

EXAMPLES OF MANIFESTATION IN ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES In some developed countries (France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary) the number of abortions and infant mortality is increasing, therefore, policies aimed at increasing fertility are being actively pursued: families with two or more children are allocated good benefits, various privileges. The demographic problem of developed countries also lies in the frequent cases of suicides, both among young people and among the adult population.

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM SOLVING PROBLEMS In 1969, within the framework of the United Nations, a special UN Fund for activities in the field of population and the holding under its auspices of three World Conferences on Population Problems. The Fund, already at the beginning of its activity, developed the UN program in the field of population, which covered more than 100 countries and included about 1,400 projects. The Program calls for the development of policies and laws that provide better support for the family, which is the basic unit of society, and also contribute to its stability and take into account the diversity of its forms. The issues of fertility, mortality and population growth rates are considered. Issues of urbanization and migration.

HYPOTHESIS OF MALTHUS T. Malthus argued that the population is growing exponentially, while the food resources needed to feed this population - in arithmetic. Thus, sooner or later, no matter how slowly the population grows, the line of its growth will intersect with the straight line of food resources - an arithmetic progression (point X on the graph). When the population reaches this point, only wars, poverty, diseases and vices can slow down its growth (it should be noted that he never called for these methods of dealing with an increasing population, which is often written in the tracts of his theory). In other editions of his book, Malthus suggested other ways to "slow down" population growth: celibacy, widowhood, late marriages.

"Demographic problems of Russia" - the solution of such problems is one of the main tasks of Russia today. The demographic troubles of our country are very relevant today. The purpose of the work is to consider the main demographic problems and possible ways out of them. Today, the most important and one of the most painful issues for our people - the development of the demographic situation - has been submitted for consideration by the People's Government. It is absolutely indisputable that the state of demography in our country is in the deepest systemic crisis. All recent trends indicate that it is growing and getting worse. The state of affairs is so serious that in recent times there have been more and more statements that Russia has already passed the so-called line of no return, and it will not be possible to restore the population. And although we, the Russians, categorically disagree with this point of view, it is impossible not to notice that the state of demography poses a direct threat to the existence of our country. If the current trends are not reversed, there will simply be no one to live in the country and produce its national wealth. And this is not a question of the distant future, but of the coming decades.

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Increasing world population growth

Every year the number of the Earth increases, especially the most populated territory of the world - South Asia, where both demographic superpowers are located: China and India - the increase per year is 27 ppm.

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Reasons for the Increase in Population Growth

Reasons (developing countries): Traditions of early marriages; Influence of religion; Traditions of large families; Prohibition on abortion;

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Population explosion.

The current demographic situation is a global problem, primarily because the rapid growth of the population occurs in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Thus, the world population increased daily in 1992 by 254 thousand people. Less than 13,000 of this number were in industrialized countries, the remaining 241,000 were in developing countries.

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If this growth continues for at least another couple of centuries, the entire earth's surface will be filled with inhabitants with the population density of today's Moscow. And after six centuries, for every inhabitant of the planet there will be only 1 square. m. of land. According to UN experts, by 2025 the world population will reach 8.3 billion people. At present, more than 130 million people are born annually on the globe, 50 million die; thus, the population growth is approximately 80 million people.

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Lack of resources and space.

No less relevant is the direct connection between the growth of the world population and such global problems as the provision of mankind with natural resources and environmental pollution. The rapid growth of the rural population has already led in many of the developing countries to such a "pressure" on natural resources (soil, vegetation, wildlife, fresh water, etc.), which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew themselves. The filling of space is going on very quickly, and the waste is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening. The problem of living space is not new.

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The impact of technology on the earth

The earth is inhabited not only by its inhabitants, but also by cars, motorcycles, airplanes. The 250 million cars in the world require as much oxygen as the entire population of the Earth. And after 2 centuries, according to some scientists, oxygen will completely disappear from the atmosphere. There is not even enough underground space. Entire cities are formed underground: sewers, conductive systems, subways, shelters.

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Causes of the fall in the population of the Earth

Diseases - Climate - Food - Predators

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Diseases. Environmental pollution.

Air pollution. Authorities in all European countries are trying to fight for clean air. But despite all the measures, residents of many cities have to inhale a huge amount of harmful substances for health. Among the most common: Carbon monoxide (exhaust gases, solid fuels, tobacco smoke). Lead (gasoline with lead additives). Nitrogen oxides (power plants, transport, thermal installations). Sulfur dioxide (formed when coal and oil are burned).

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Air pollution from vehicles.

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Nervous overload and stress.

Stress can be caused by very different life situations, from everyday incidents to life-changing events (loss of a job, death of a loved one). If, due to stress, you lose your sense of joy in life, your relationships with other people are disrupted, your sleep is disturbed, your appetite changes, if you stop feeling healthy, this means that your body is sending you signals that the stress was excessive.

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Slides captions:

Demographic problem GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY Geography teacher MKOU secondary school №1 in Rossosh Churina G.T.

The essence of the demographic problem. It consists in the practically uncontrolled growth of the world population, primarily in developing countries.

Consequences of the demographic problem Gradual decrease in the size of cultivated agricultural land per capita, which exacerbates the food problem Inevitable deterioration of the life support system in underdeveloped countries Environmental degradation due to growing population density in densely populated countries A sharp aging of human contingents in prosperous countries with all the ensuing consequences Growing instability in the world

EUROPEAN POPULATION GROWTH FROM 400 BC to 2000 AD

Global demographic problem in the system of the world economy Demographic problem Essence Unfavorable for the economic development of the world and individual countries and regions, population dynamics and shifts in its age structure Aspects in various countries In a number of developing countries, a sharp increase in population hinders economic development Transition of developed countries to simple reproduction of the population In many post-socialist - depopulation due to a steady excess of deaths over births

Distribution of world population by age and sex in 1975 and 2000

Demographic transition World population growth from 1750 to 2100, averaged over decades. 1 - developing countries, 2 - developed Scientists, analyzing the growth of the population of different countries and the world as a whole, are faced with an important and interesting phenomenon - the demographic transition. This transition is a gradual change in the law of population growth, a slowdown in this growth and subsequent stabilization of the population.

Population growth, 2009 data (persons per 1000 population)

When analyzing the age composition of the population, it is customary to distinguish three main age groups: - children (0-14 years old); - adults (15-64 years old); - Elderly (65 years and older). In the structure of the world's population, the share of children is on average 34%, adults - 58%, the elderly - 8%.

The age structure in countries with different types of population reproduction has its own characteristics. In countries with the second type of population reproduction, the proportion of children is quite high. On average, it is 40-45%, and in some countries it already exceeds 50% (Kenya, Libya, Botswana). The share of the elderly population in these countries does not exceed 5-6%. In countries with the first type of reproduction, the proportion of children does not exceed 22-25%, while the proportion of the elderly is 15-20% and tends to increase due to the general "aging" of the population in these countries.

Demographic policy is a purposeful activity of state bodies and other social institutions in the field of regulating the reproduction of the population, designed to maintain or change the trends in the dynamics of its size and structure. In other words, this is a policy that affects the processes of fertility, marriage, divorce, mortality, and the age structure of the population. Demographic policy is usually based on a complex of various measures: economic, administrative, legal, educational and propaganda.

In order to solve the demographic problem, the UN adopted the "World Population Action Plan". At the same time, progressive forces proceed from the fact that family planning programs can help improve population reproduction.

The demographic problem of Russia The number of newborns in the country may decrease by 200 thousand: women go for abortions en masse, and soon there will simply be no one to give birth. Now comes a favorable reproductive period for those who were born in the 1990s, and there are very few of them - then there was also the most serious demographic crisis in the country's recent history. Its consequences were overcome only in 2006, so experts warn that it will not be possible to reverse the current trend earlier than in 7-10 years.

demographic problems: increased migration of people of working age, increased mortality, low birth rates. Since 1992, the population of one of the regions has decreased by almost 200 thousand people.

The crisis of the family in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries is associated with the general crisis of Russian society, which negatively affected the educational potential of families. Modern demographic policy in Russia largely depends on a number of foreign organizations specializing in birth control. Acting under various names and pretexts, they carry out the statutory tasks of the UN Population Fund. Basically, their activities are carried out under the brand of reproductive health care, the fight against abortion, and protection against AIDS.

In conclusion, I would like to note that demographic policy alone is not enough. It must be accompanied by an improvement in the economic and social conditions of people's lives. Conclusion