"Mtsyri": the history of the creation of the poem. The history of the creation of the poem "Mtsyri" The history of the poem Mtsyri

Here is a summary of Lermontov's “Mtsyri”. The poem tells the tragic story of a highlander boy who was captured by a Russian general. While the soldier was taking the child with him, the baby became very ill. The monks of the monastery, near which the general was passing, took pity on the little mountaineer and left him to live with them, where he grew up. So young Mtsyri lived far from his homeland. This life seemed to him like the life of a prisoner; the boy furiously missed his homeland.

"Mtsyri" Lermontov summary (freedom)

Gradually Mtsyri learned a foreign language, he seems ready to accept other customs, they were about to ordain him as a monk. And at this moment, on the eve of his initiation, a strong spiritual impulse awakens in the consciousness of the seventeen-year-old boy, which forces him to flee the monastery. Finding the right moment, Mtsyri escapes. He runs without making out the road, he is overwhelmed by a feeling of will, the young man remembers his childhood, his native speech, his loved ones. The boy is surrounded by beautiful Caucasian nature, sees a beautiful Georgian woman who fills a jug with water at a spring, admires her beauty and, in conclusion, fights with a powerful leopard, which inflicts wounds on him.

"Mtsyri" summary (return to the monastery)

The whole monastery is looking for the fugitive, but after 3 days he is found by complete strangers in the surrounding area (Mtskheta is an ancient city located at the confluence of the Argava and Kura rivers). Mtsyri lay unconscious and was brought to the monastery. Already within the familiar walls, the young man regains consciousness. He is very exhausted, but still refuses to eat. Mtsyri realizes that his escape was not successful. This kills his desire to live, the thirst with which he looked at his native land, dreaming of one day breaking out of captivity. He does not answer anyone's questions, silently meeting his death. The Chernets, who baptized the young man, decides to confess to Mtsyri. The boy talks colorfully about the three days he spent in freedom.

"Mtsyri" summary (the torment of the hero)

Only one thing gnaws at Mtsyri’s soul. While still young, he promised himself that someday he would leave the walls of the monastery and find his way to his native land. He seems to be going in the right direction - to the east, but in the end he just makes a big circle, returning to the place from where he began his escape. He cannot fully come to terms with his fate: although the people around him came out and raised him, they belong to a different culture, and therefore Mtsyri cannot call this region his home. The young man tells the monk that in his soul he has always strived for freedom. Mtsyri blames the monk for his salvation; it seems to him that it is better to die than to live as a slave and an orphan.

"Mtsyri" summary (the hero's last request)

Dying, Mtsyri asks to be moved to one of the corners of the monastery garden, from where the mountains of his native land are visible. Leaving this world, he wants to at least see what is closest to his soul. The young man does not regret his action at all. On the contrary, he is proud of him. In freedom, he lived the way his ancestors lived - in harmony with wild nature.

"Mtsyri" summary (conclusion)

Mtsyri is a romantic hero striving for freedom, with frantic passion wanting to get to his native land. And although he dies in a monastery, far from his native place, the young man will still achieve his goal, but in another world.

One of the ancient capitals of Georgia is Mtskheta. It was built between two rivers - Aragva and Kura, and one of the most beautiful cathedrals of Svetitskhoveli is located in it.

Once a Russian general was carrying a captured child, but he did not deliver it because the child fell ill and he left him in the city of Mtskheta, at a monastery. The child grows up, he was baptized and raised in Christian customs. Mtsyri was the name of the child; he had long ago forgotten his language. They begin to prepare him for the monastic vow.

On the day when the city was hit by a severe thunderstorm, the child disappeared. They've been looking for him for three days, but it doesn't bring any results. After some time, the boy is found near the mountains, in the vicinity of the city of Mtskheta.

He lies without strength, without feelings on the bare, sun-scorched earth, and they take him to the monastery. The young man woke up. The monks are trying to interrogate him or at least feed him, he is exhausted and looks like he has suffered from a serious illness. The young man refuses any food. When the monks realize that Mtsyri wants to end his existence, they send a monk to fetch the same monk who once accepted him into the monastery as a child, cured him and baptized him. The already quite elderly monk still loves his pupil, having spent quite a bit of time with him. The monk accepts that the young man no longer wants to live and only asks him to repent of his sins and humble himself.

Mtsyri does not think that his act was impudent. He is proud of his actions. As it turned out, he still remembers his native expanses, how he was free, how he merged with nature, breathed her, thought like her. He remembered the mountain leopards. He remembered how, without weapons, he could engage in single combat with the beast, the owner of his wild forests. Only in this way could he prove that, on a par with other men, he was worthy of living in the land of his fathers and grandfathers.

So many years passed, but as soon as he left the monastery, he was able to remember his childhood and the language of his native lands, the village and even the faces of his parents, brothers and sisters. While Mtsyri was talking about how he wandered in the mountains and what he experienced, he described to the monk how wonderful it was to be at one with nature, how important the pristine nature of his homeland was.

And he only does not want to break the word given to himself in childhood, because he considers it a crime of oath. He promised himself that someday he would find his way home and return to his homeland. And he almost succeeded, he remembered that it was necessary to keep to the east all the time. He walked day after day, night after night, but suddenly he realized that he was returning to where he began his journey, in the closest environs of the city of Mtskheta, near the monastery where he grew up, where he served in a service other than his own. He realized that this was the most important mistake in his life. Mtsyri describes that every day spent in the monastery seemed to him like a prison, because this was the only way he perceived the life spent here. Here he weakened both in body and spirit.

He could no longer find his way home, as if he had lost his “guide ray” over many years, because every highlander had an animal sense of the path leading him home, everyone born receives it with mother’s milk and without it it is impossible to live in the wild environment of the central part of the Caucasus to no one, neither man nor beast. Mtsyri left, but could not leave the prison in his soul because of the civilization that was instilled in him since childhood. He was not so bothered by his wounds and the dried blood that had dried to his body. Only one thing was killing him, he was losing his instinct, his thirst for her, with which the children of the mountains come into life. He no longer wants to live in slavery to himself, he only wants to die, humbly, without blaming anyone.

He asks the monks to dig a grave for him on the side of his native mountains, the place from which they can be seen. He asks this because he dreams, at least after death, of feeling how the wind will bring to him his native speech from his lands, and maybe some kind of song...

It was not for nothing that the poem “Mtsyri” was included in a number of program works by M.Yu. Lermontov. She embodied all the principles of the poet’s romanticism. The poem "Mtsyri", a brief summary of which we will consider, has become the quintessence of struggle, pride and loneliness.

The originality of M.Yu.’s creativity Lermontov

The work of Mikhail Yuryevich is traditionally divided into two periods. The first begins in 1828, continues until 1834 and is considered youthful. The second, mature period lasts from 1835 to 1841. Lermontov is a romantic by nature, his hero is always opposed to the world around him, he is unusual, with a pronounced individuality. The theme of loneliness becomes the leading one for the poet. Love in poems is always unhappy, and friends cannot penetrate the heart of the lyrical hero and understand him.

For the first time in Russian literature, Lermontov resorted to the use of symbols in his poetry. The basis of the lyrical image is the comparison of the hero’s feelings with natural phenomena. The main motives of the poet's work are will and freedom, oblivion and memory, revenge, deception, wandering, exile. Let's look at a brief summary of Lermontov's “Mtsyri” - a work in which all these components are present. The author managed to reveal the essence of his work in the poem and describe a typical lyrical hero.

History of creation

In 1830, while studying at a boarding school, M.Yu. Lermontov comes up with the idea of writing a work about a monk doomed to languish in a monastery. At the same time, the first drafts of the poem “Confession” appeared. It is she who will become the prototype of “Mtsyri”, a brief summary of which we will consider below.

During his service and at the same time exile in the Caucasus, Mikhail Yuryevich passes by an ancient monastery in Mtskheta, which was built at the confluence of two rivers: the Kura and Aragva. It is from the description of this place that the poem “Mtsyri” begins. A brief summary of the work cannot ignore such a significant moment in the narrative.

Main character

The main character of the poem is Mtsyri, a captive Chechen who was sent to a monastery as a boy. He is freedom-loving and sees the meaning of life in struggle. It was the struggle for the opportunity to return to his homeland that became his main life aspiration. And the monastery did not humble Mtsyri’s temper; moreover, the years in captivity inflamed the desire for freedom even more. The young man is consumed by one desire - to know the world that exists outside the walls of his prison: “I lived little, and lived in captivity. / Such are two lives in one, / But only one full of anxiety, / I would trade it if I could.” It is from this moment that one could begin to describe the summary of “Mtsyri”. Lermontov, with his characteristic skill, portrayed a rushing, lonely and free soul, which is boldly ready to rush towards danger.

"Mtsyri". Summary

The narrative begins with a description of days gone by, when the monastery at the confluence of two rivers was still inhabited.

Once in the monastery, the main character was shy of those around him and yearned for his homeland, but gradually got used to the new life, learned the language and was ready to become a monk. But on the eve of taking the vow, he disappeared. They searched for him for three days and found him exhausted in the steppe. There was almost no strength left in him and he gradually began to fade. On the verge of death, the previously silent young man decides to confess and tell what happened to him these days.

The entire poem “Mtsyri” is permeated with incredible sadness and tragedy. A summary of the chapters reveals the desire and desire of a person to gain freedom, which the cruel world has taken away. The young man tried to regain his freedom and homeland, so he fled from the monastery. Finding himself in a hitherto unknown world, he saw fields, hills, rocks, rivers and the gray Caucasus. And the young man remembered his homeland - the village, the unstoppable rushing herds, the lullaby over his bed.

Mtsyri is hit by a storm, but it only evokes joy in her heart. Then he was waiting for a meeting with a young Georgian woman who went down to the river for water. Her image haunted the young man even in his dreams. But the memory of his vow to return to his homeland forced him to move on. Not knowing the way, the young man quickly lost his way. This led him to despair; in an attempt to find his way, he climbed a tree and then saw a leopard. The formidable beast attacked, but the hero managed to defeat it.

With the last of his strength, the young man continued on his way. And so he got out of the forest, but then he heard a rumble, which meant the proximity of the monastery. Mtsyri returned back. He lost his strength and lay in oblivion. This is where the monks found him.

Mtsyri doesn't have long to live. The summary of the poem is coming to an end. The young man says goodbye to life and asks to move his body to the garden, where you can see the Caucasus mountains.

Conclusion

The poem "Mtsyri" is endowed with all the features of romanticism. Her hero became the embodiment of an ideal fighter, a man who is even ready to die for his goal. Undoubtedly, for Lermontov Mtsyri is the embodiment of freedom, vitality and the desire for will, no matter what.

Mtskheta is the ancient capital of Georgia, founded there “where, merging, they make noise, / Embracing like two sisters, / The streams of Aragva and Kura.” Here, in Mtskheta, is the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral with the tombs of the last kings of independent Georgia, who “handed over” “their people” to united Russia. Since then (the end of the 17th century) the grace of God has fallen on the long-suffering country - it has flourished and prospered, “not afraid of enemies, / Beyond friendly bayonets.”

“Once a Russian general/was driving from the mountains to Tiflis; He was carrying a captive child./He fell ill...” Realizing that in such a state he would not bring the child to Tiflis alive, the general leaves the prisoner in Mtskheta, in the local monastery. Mtskheta monks, righteous men, ascetics, educators, having cured and baptized the foundling, raise him in a true Christian spirit. And it seems that hard and selfless work achieves the goal. Having forgotten his native language and accustomed to captivity, Mtsyri speaks fluently in Georgian. Yesterday's savage is "ready to take a monastic vow in the prime of his life." And suddenly, on the eve of the solemn event, the adopted child disappears, unnoticeably slipping out of the monastery fortress at that terrible hour when the holy fathers, frightened by a thunderstorm, crowded like lambs around the altar. The fugitive, naturally, is searched for by the entire monastery army and, as expected, for three whole days. To no avail. However, after some time, Mtsyri is still found completely by accident by some strangers - and not in the depths of the Caucasus Mountains, but in the immediate vicinity of Mtskheta. Recognizing the unconscious young man lying on the bare ground scorched by the heat as a monastery servant, they bring him to the monastery. When Mtsyri comes to his senses, the monks interrogate him. He is silent. They try to force feed him, because the fugitive is exhausted, as if he had suffered a long illness or exhausting labor. Mtsyri refuses to eat. Having guessed that the stubborn man is deliberately hastening his “end,” they send to Mtsyri the very same monk who once came out and baptized him. The kind old man is sincerely attached to his ward and really wants his pupil, since he is destined to die so young, to fulfill his Christian duty, humble himself, repent and receive absolution before his death. But Mtsyri does not at all repent of his daring act. Vice versa! He is proud of it as a feat! Because in freedom he lived and lived the way all his ancestors lived - in union with wild nature - vigilant like eagles, wise like snakes, strong like mountain leopards. Unarmed, Mtsyri enters into single combat with this royal beast, the owner of the local dense forests. And, having honestly defeated him, he proves (to himself!) that he could “be in the land of his fathers / Not one of the last daredevils.” The feeling of will returns to the young man even what captivity seemed to have taken away forever: the memory of childhood. He remembers his native speech, his native village, and the faces of his loved ones - his father, sisters, brothers. Moreover, even if only for a brief moment, living in union with wild nature makes him a great poet. Telling the monk about what he saw, what he experienced while wandering in the mountains, Mtsyri selects words that are strikingly similar to the pristine nature of the mighty nature of his father’s land. And only one sin weighs on his soul. This sin is perjury. After all, once upon a time, long ago, as a youth, the fugitive swore to himself with a terrible oath that he would run away from the monastery and find a path to his native lands. And so he seems to be following the right direction: he walks, runs, rushes, crawls, climbs - to the east, to the east, to the east. All the time, both day and night, according to the sun, according to the stars - east of Mtskheta! And suddenly he discovers that, having made a circle, he returned to the very place where his escape, the feat of Escape, began, to the immediate vicinity of Mtskheta; From here it’s a stone’s throw to the monastery that sheltered him! And this, in Mtsyri’s understanding, is not a simple annoying oversight. The years spent in “prison”, in dungeons, and this is exactly how the adopted son perceives the monastery, not only physically weakened his body.

Life in captivity extinguished the “guide ray” in his soul, that is, that unmistakably true, almost animal sense of his path, which every highlander possesses from birth and without which neither man nor beast can survive in the wild abysses of the central Caucasus. Yes, Mtsyri escaped from the monastery fortress, but he could no longer destroy that inner prison, that constraint that the civilizers had built in his soul! It is this terrible tragic discovery, and not the lacerations inflicted by the leopard, that kills the instinct of life in Mtsyri, that thirst for life with which true, and not adopted, children of nature come into the world. A born freedom lover, in order not to live as a slave, he dies like a slave: humbly, without cursing anyone. The only thing he asks his jailers to do is to bury him in that corner of the monastery garden from where “the Caucasus is visible.” His only hope is for the mercy of a cool breeze blowing from the mountains - what if the faint sound of his native speech or a snatch of a mountain song carries to the orphan’s grave...

Lermontov's famous poem is not a very large work, but, nevertheless, young readers do not always have time to reread it in the original before the lesson. And it’s not necessary, because in preparation for the lesson you can use a brief retelling of “Mtsyri” chapter by chapter. And for a complete understanding of the author’s intentions, we recommend turning to .

The author describes the place of further events: a half-abandoned monastery located near the Aragva and Kura rivers. Here the first of the heroes appears: an old monk, the only guardian of this temple, forgotten by everyone.
One day, driving from the mountains to Tiflis, a Russian general was carrying a captive child. Although the boy was only six years old, he showed the character of a real man, proudly enduring the trials that fell on his shoulders. One monk, out of pity, took the weak and sick prisoner to the monastery, where the boy grew up. When it seemed that the novice had already resigned himself to captivity, the hero of the poem disappeared. A few days later he is found and he tells what happened.
The young man (here is his name) says that he does not regret his escape. By confession, he wants to lighten his chest, to bare his soul.
Mtsyri talks about the dream of seeing his parents, his native land, and living a free life. Although the monastery wanted to teach him humility as a child, the monks did not succeed.
The young man explains his thirst for freedom. This is the desire to know the feelings that bubble up in the hearts of the young.
Mtsyri describes the magnificent landscapes he saw: endless fields, majestic rocks and mountains, the snowy Caucasus, which awakened childhood memories in the hero.
The hero remembers his native land: home, father and sisters, the gorge where he played as a child.
“A long time ago I decided to look at the distant fields,” the young man explains the reason for his escape and says that he did it during a thunderstorm, while the monks were scared.
Mtsyri ran through the forests, not knowing where he was and where to go. The only thing that guided the hero was his eyes. And only after many hours, exhausted, the young man lay down and, hearing that there was no chase, calmed down and fell asleep.
A hero awakens on the edge of the abyss.
Waking up from sleep, he examines the nature surrounding him. The beauty amazes Mtsyri, who has never seen anything like it, but thirst makes itself felt.
She leads him to a stream of mountain waters. While quenching his thirst, he hears the sound of footsteps and, hiding in the bushes, sees a beautiful Georgian girl.
A fleeting meeting awakens in Mtsyri a previously unknown, but so desired feeling - love. The young man will take the memories of those minutes with him to the grave.
The hero involuntarily falls asleep, and in a dream the image of a Georgian woman he meets comes to him. Waking up in the middle of the night, the young man, driven by the sole goal of getting to his native land, sets out on a journey through the forests. But, having lost sight of the Caucasus mountains, he goes astray.
Mtsyri tries in every way to reach his goal, to get out of the forest, but he fails. Despair with all its crushing force falls on the young man: he sobs, gnaws at the ground. But even in a moment of great despair, the prisoner does not want people's help.
The young man notices a clearing in front of him and a shadow flashing across it. It was a desert leopard. The warlike spirit of his ancestors begins to boil in Mtsyri, and in anticipation of a battle he grabs the first branch he comes across.
Bras, sensing the enemy's scent, notices the hero and quickly rushes at him. But the young man, having forestalled the attack, repels the attack, wounding the beast in the forehead.
The battle continues: the leopard jumps on the hero’s chest, but with a quick blow he plunges the weapon into the enemy’s throat. In the end, Mtsyri wins the fight.
For the young man, the battle did not pass without a trace: the scars on the hero’s chest left by the beast can only be healed by death.
Fate played a cruel joke on Mtsyri: having tasted the blissful taste of freedom, the fugitive returned to where he began his journey - to the monastery.
The hero understands that what he was trying to achieve is a pipe dream, a “disease of the mind.”
Surprised and sad, despairing and broken, the young man lies under the scorching sun, watching the sleepy nature.
The wounded and exhausted hero experiences dying hallucinations and falls asleep.
This is how the fugitive was found. Mtsyri himself does not repent of his escape. The only thing that saddened him was that he would not be buried in his native land, and no one would know about his story.
The fire of life burned the young man from the inside; he wanted to see and enjoy what was taken from him. But by the cruel will of fate, he returned to where he had fled from.
Mtsyri asks to be buried in the garden, from where the majestic and so dear Caucasus is visible.