The size of the fable is the donkey and the nightingale. I.A

An unfair situation, when an ignoramus undertakes to judge things that are beyond his mind and taste, is offensively common. About this - the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" by Ivan Krylov.

Conflict

Contemporaries said that the poet was inspired to create a work by an incident from his life. A high-ranking nobleman, after listening to Krylov's artistic performance of fables, praised the writer, but scolded him for not taking an example from another author (who wrote much weaker than Krylov). Having thrown out his resentment in the fable, Ivan Andreevich nevertheless managed to create an illustration of a typical disagreement between an undeniably talented creator and an ignorant, but self-confident critic. The conflict is doomed to be eternal. His multiple projection into our lives came true with the onset of times when "the cook began to rule the state." Creators who have experienced moments of agonizing bewilderment, when influential people patted them on the shoulder condescendingly, speaking outright nonsense about their works, are gratified to see the allegorical depiction of this collision as it is represented by the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".

Artistic media

The author generously uses to depict the characters, the style of speech of the heroes, the description of the absurdity of the situation. First of all, opposition comes into play. The donkey, the personification of stubbornness and stupidity, contrasts with the Nightingale, a symbol of inspiration and poetry. The rough speech of the Donkey immediately reveals his uncouth and ambitious nature. He addresses the Nightingale in a simple way: friend, craftsman ... The donkey heard about the charming singing of the Nightingale, but doubts: "... is it really great ... skill?" Nightingale's answer - heavenly singing - delights everything around. The noun "skill" used by the Donkey is opposed to the art shown by the Nightingale.

The author offers a cascade of verbs reinforcing each other, conveying a uniquely beautiful trill: “clicked”, “whistled”, “shimmered”, “pulled”, “gently weakened”, “given a flute”, “scattered like a shot”. The fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" draws the complete harmony that arises in nature and in the souls of people from the song of the Nightingale. No wonder the author uses high vocabulary here: everything listened to the pet, calmed down, the herds lay down. There is a pastoral motive. The story reaches its climax when the shepherd listens to the Nightingale "breathing a little". As soon as the song stops, the Donkey throws his ponderous assessment: “Pretty much!” Krylov multiplies the satirical effect by describing how the "profound" critic reacts to the quivering art of the singer: stupidly "staring at the ground with his forehead." To him, the Nightingale is just "you can listen without boredom." And of course, he considers himself a great connoisseur, so he believes that his duty is to teach. The donkey importantly remarks, inserting here the colloquial word "pricked up", that the Nightingale would sing better if he "learned a little" from the rooster. The moral of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is expressed in a short and capacious phrase: "Deliver us, God, from such judges." And in fact, a false donkey authority is a big obstacle in the way of art, designed to ennoble life.

Krylov's fable "Donkey and Nightingale" in notes

The plot of Krylov's story inspired Russian composers to create works of the same name on this theme. Dmitri Shostakovich, in his work “Two Fables by I. Krylov”, with extraordinary expression, conveyed in melodic language the collision life positions heroes. Rimsky-Korsakov's romance to the words of a popular fable is also very expressive.

Incompetence, inertia, lack of tact, inability to subtle spiritual impulses - these are the qualities that the Donkey and the Nightingale fable makes fun of, or rather, its author, a brilliant publicist, poet and translator Ivan Andreevich Krylov.

The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everything was taken care of then
To the favorite and singer of Aurora:
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.

And only sometimes

The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead:
“Fairly, he says, it’s easy to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.
----------
God save us from such judges.

The history of the creation of the fable Donkey and Nightingale

This fable was written by I. A. Krylov in 1811. About what case formed the basis of her plot, said one of the critics.

One nobleman, deciding to get acquainted with Krylov and give him patronage, invited him to visit him and asked him to read two or three fables there. Krylov agreed and artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The grandee listened to them favorably and thoughtfully said: “That's good; but why don't you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?" “I don’t know how,” the poet replied modestly. Thus the conversation ended. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, wrote the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale."

Contemporaries admired the skill of Krylov the narrator in this fable. They noted the amazing "naturalness in the depiction of characters." For example, the ignorant Donkey, who understands nothing in art, convincingly conveys the opinions of others and, from their words, familiarly praises the singer, referring to him the words "friend" and "master". He wants to stand on the same board with the famous singer. But at the same time, he is full of conceit and wants to judge for himself the singing of the Nightingale. But since the Donkey in fables is always stupid and in art, especially in music, he does not understand anything, the reader anticipates his judgment. The interest of the fable rests on this expectation. Finally, contemporaries also admired how Krylov managed to convey the singing of the Nightingale. They believed that none of the former fabulists and even lyric poets could describe in such a picturesque and expressive form the singing of the Nightingale, which resembled a whole "melodic concert". This happened both because Krylov was endowed with an unusually rich imagination, and because he himself was a good musician. The fabulist conveyed the singing of the Nightingale with an inventive combination of various verbs, depicting the melodic voice knees that the Nightingale makes. The art of the Nightingale produces a wonderful effect on all who hear it, bringing peace to nature and people's lives. “In his rich imagination,” wrote another critic, “he found another lovely picture that crowns the image and completes the charm produced by the singing of the Nightingale”:

The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.

So, the reader knows how charming the Nightingale's singing is, and waits for the judgment of the Donkey, but the "court" immediately exposes him as a pompous ignoramus.

Answers to questions to the bass "The Donkey and the Nightingale"

2. What was the reason for the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"? What does the fabulist make the reader laugh at? What did contemporaries admire? Why was it especially important to show in the fable the beauty of the Nightingale's singing and the admiration of the listeners?

The prerequisite for the emergence of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" was real case that happened to Krylov: “One boyar, having decided to get acquainted with Krylov and give him patronage, invited him to visit him and asked him to read two or three fables there. Krylov agreed and artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The boyar listened to them kindly and broadly said: “This is excellent; but why don't you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?" “I don’t know how,” the poet answered timidly. Thus the conversation ended. Returning home, touched to the quick, the fabulist wrote a fable ... "

The fabulist forces us to laugh at the ignorance of Donkey, who dared to judge art.

Contemporaries admired the skill of Krylov the narrator in this fable: they noted the amazing "naturalness in the depiction of characters" of Ishak and Nightingale, as well as the skillful depiction of Nightingale's singing. It was important to show in the fable the beauty of the Nightingale's singing, so that Ishak's ignorance would stand out in particular against its background.

3. What did I. A. Krylov want to say with the fable “Sheets and Roots”? What is the difference between the fables of Krylov and Muravyov? Which point of view do you prefer and why?

Under the "Sheets" in the fable, the nobility is assumed, under the "Roots" - ordinary people. With this fable, Krylov wanted to say that for the well-being of the country and society (the “Tree”) depends not only on the upper stratum of society, but also on the ordinary people, all its parts are important here, therefore the “Sheets” should not be so exalted and forget about “ Roots that feed them.

M. N. Muravyov, on the other hand, believes that the prosperity of society and the country depends only on the Top (on the government), and the rebellion of the Roots only undermines the strength of the country.

Krylov's point of view is close to me.

4. What is the fabulist laughing at in the fable "Larchik"? What would change in the fable from a rearrangement of stress (on the word "just" or "opened")? Prepare an expressive reading, taking into account the reversal of stress, and comment on the content of the fable.

In the fable "Casket" the fabulist laughs at empty sophistication, not backed up practical experience, also over those who do not know how to just get down to business, but indulge in thoughtful, useless reasoning.

“... the last phrase “And the Casket just opened” has two meanings. The first is that the secret of the Casket is simple. IN this case the emphasis should be on the word "simple". From the second it follows that the Casket was not locked.

Then the accent final words should be placed on the word "opened". Laughing amusingly, Krylov plays with these meanings, giving the fable an ambiguous, wide and deepest meaning"(V. I. Korovin).

5. Try to list what human vices Krylov makes fun of in fables.

Ignorance, bragging, arrogance, unnecessary sophistication.
1. How do you understand the words and expressions: “marshmallow”, “attract”, “humbly”, “arrogantly”, “impudently”, “it often happens to us”, “wisdom”, “thrown into the eyes”, “secretly”, “ breaks his head”, “they say”, “is your skill truly great”, “began to show his art”, “Aurora”, “listening to the Nightingale”, “pretty”, “not false”, “tricked up”?

Zephyr - wind, attract - beckon, humbly - obediently, quietly, arrogantly - overly self-confident, boldly - abruptly, it often happens to us - it happens, wisdom - in this case: empty sophistication, rushed into the eyes - was noticeable, pleasing to the eye, surreptitiously - behind my back, quietly, breaks his head - leads a heavy mental activity, they say - they say, is your skill truly great - are you really so talented, began to show your art - began to sing, Aurora - dawn, listening to the Nightingale - listening to the Nightingale, pretty - normal, good, not false - in truth, pricked up - learned, honed his skills.

What is the moral of each fable? About what life situations does it say in these lines? Give examples. Do these lines sound like proverbs? How?

a) God deliver us from such judges.
b) Show off at a good hour!
Yes, just remember the difference between us:
That with a new spring a new leaf will be born,
And if the root dries up, -
There will be no tree, no you.
c) It often happens to us
And work and wisdom to see there,
Where you can only guess
Just get down to business.

4. Look at the illustrations for the fables. How do you explain the illustration by the artist K. Trutovsky to the fable "Sheets and Roots"? Why are there no leaves or roots?

In K. Trutovsky’s illustration for the fable “Sheets and Roots”, there are neither sheets nor Roots, because the painter depicts the fable not allegorically, but directly, because Krylov assumed the nobility under the Sheets, and ordinary people under the Roots.

The donkey evaluates the Nightingale's song in Krylov's fable. Funny, beautiful and very subtle story.

Fable Donkey and nightingale read

The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: "Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
"Fairly," he says, "it's not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.

Moral of the fable The donkey and the nightingale

God save us from such judges (it is absurd to judge without knowing the case, and even more so to take into account such judgments)

Fable Donkey and nightingale - analysis

In Krylov's fable the Donkey and the Nightingale, each of the characters acts as a symbol of qualities that are worth thinking about. So, Nightingale. With its beautiful singing, the bird personifies a person - a master of his craft, with a gift from Nature itself. Everyone who hears it listens to the song of the bird, and everyone will highly appreciate the talent of the Nightingale, which he is rightfully proud of. Krylov uses such expressive intonations and words in the address of the Nightingale, which none of the Russian writers seems to have surpassed. Charming, detailed descriptions the environment, the reaction of people and animals to the song of a bird, also prove that Krylov is not just a fabulist, he is - great poet. The nightingale is described in such a way that there is nothing more worth adding.

The donkey, on the contrary, does not understand singing at all, but considers it possible to evaluate the Nightingale. For lack of hearing and understanding of beauty, I thought that even a rooster would sing better. Krylov here conveys the absurdity of the current situation and morality in the last line of the fable sums up: it is stupid to undertake to judge something that you don’t even have an idea about. The donkey, comparing the Nightingale with the Rooster, juxtaposes two perfect opposites, showing us the absence of any taste.

The fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" was written no later than 1811. She was born thanks to one story that happened to Krylov. Ivan Andreevich was well aware of his strength in the fable genre. One nobleman decided to personally get acquainted with the fabulist. He summoned him to his place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables and between them one, borrowed from La Fontaine. The nobleman listened favorably to the fables and thoughtfully asked why Krylov did not translate the fables, like Ivan Dmitriev? The wounded Krylov replied that he did not know how, but upon returning home, he, touched to the quick, wrote the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale", in which he poured out the bile that remained from the visit of the nobleman.

The fable tells how the Donkey, after listening to the wonderful singing of the Nightingale, lamented that the Nightingale was unfamiliar with the Rooster, from whom, according to the Donkey, the Nightingale could learn the skill of singing. Under the Nightingale in this fable, Krylov understood himself. As for the donkey, there are several versions. Some believed that the Donkey meant a nobleman who put Dmitriev above Krylov. Someone spoke about Prince A.N. Golitsin. Still others leaned towards the candidacy of Count Razumovsky. But it is not known for certain which of the nobles served as a prototype for the Donkey. It is possible that this is a collective image.

But not only this story became the reason for writing the fable. Krylov had previously met people who self-confidently judged matters and things about which they had not the slightest idea. Such "judges" are characterized by a certain contradiction in behavior. They are self-confident, but, as a rule, they are ignorant. Such a contradiction causes ridicule in any outside observer. It is with mockery that Krylov in his fable treats such people.

Krylov, deciding to ridicule similar phenomenon, found in our lives, chose an allegorical way to depict it. He presents a skilled artist in the form of a Nightingale. The choice was made successfully, since Nightingale, more than anyone else, can be likened to a talented artist. The judge in the fable is the Donkey, with which the readers have the concept of stupidity and stupidity.

Since the characters' characters are clear to the reader, the author begins the fable directly with the development of the action. The donkey wants to check other people's rumors about nightingale singing and calls the singer to him. Since the whole strength of the story must lie in the contradiction between the ignorant judgment of the Donkey and the wonderful art of the nightingale, Krylov describes the art of the nightingale in detail, emphasizing how beautiful it is. Then he shows the impression that the Nightingale made on everything around him, and, finally, he moves on to the donkey court. The judge speaks condescendingly about singing and only regrets that the Nightingale is unfamiliar with the rooster. The rooster is here chosen to portray, without further ado, the taste of a donkey: what could be more opposite than in the singing of the Nightingale and the cock crow? In this opposition, the irony of the writer is mainly concentrated, which is further enhanced by the advice to the Nightingale to learn a little from the rooster. What was the Nightingale to do with such advice? What he did: "He fluttered and - flew to distant fields."

Allegory and irony are the basis of the literary treatment of this plot. Allegory is based on similarity, irony on opposites. Since the action of the fable is taken from real life, then the expressions of the characters are borrowed from there.

Krylov is a great master of expressing himself in the spirit of the people; but right there, next to such expressions as “my friend, master”, he also has others that do not go in tune with them, for example, “everyone then listened to Aurora’s favorite and singer.”

Speaking further about the impression that the Nightingale made with his singing on everything around him, Krylov admits a certain exaggeration: “the winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent and the herds lay down.” Also, the images of a shepherdess with a shepherdess are taken from an imaginary happy shepherd's life, which was described in various works that time. The so-called "shepherd" poetry developed in the literature Western nations, passed to us and caused imitation.

The moral of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is as follows: "Deliver us, God, from such judges"

What main point fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"?
The situation is wrong when an ignoramus begins to judge cases in which he does not understand, is not a specialist. Only a specialist in this topic can criticize in a constructive way and give advice.

What shortcomings does Krylov make fun of in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"?
Criticism, incompetence, ignorance, inability to be objective, stupidity, biased teaching.

I. S. Turgenev wrote: “From childhood, Krylov was a typical Russian person all his life: his way of thinking, views, feelings and all his writings were truly Russian, and it can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov’s fables, will have a clearer understanding of Russian national character than if he reads a lot of writings that treat this subject.

In this lesson, you will learn about another vice of Russian society, exposed by the great fabulist.

The fable, which will be discussed, was written more than a hundred years ago, but has not lost its relevance to this day.

Rice. 1. O. A. Kiprensky. “Portrait of I.A. Krylova", 1816 ()

The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov (Fig. 1): “Some nobleman (according to some - Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A.N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of imp. Maria Feodorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps sincerely wanting to make acquaintance with him, invited him to his place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The grandee listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: “That’s good, but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I don’t know how,” the poet answered modestly. And so the conversation ended. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured out his bile in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." Kenevich V.F. From "Bibliographic and historical notes to Krylov's fables"

After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale". This nickname has entered the literature.

Let's turn to the text of the fable.

Donkey and Nightingale (Fig. 2)

Rice. 2. Frame from the animated film based on the fables of I.A. Krylov "In the world of fables" ()

The donkey saw the Nightingale

And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!

You, they say, are a great master of singing.

I would very much like

Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,

Is your skill really great?

Here the Nightingale began to show his art:

Clicked, whistled

In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;

That gently he weakened

And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,

That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.

Everyone was paying attention then

To the favorite and singer of Aurora:

The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,

And the herds came.

Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him

And only sometimes

Listening to the Nightingale, the shepherdess smiled

The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;

“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,

You can listen without boredom;

It's a pity that I don't know

You are with our rooster;

Even if you were more aggravated,

If only I could learn a little from him."

Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale

He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.

Deliver us, God, from such judges.

Vladislav Feofilovich Kenevich, contemporary and first systematic researcher literary activity Krylov, in “Bibliographic and Historical Notes to Krylov’s Fables” wrote: “It is known that Krylov was incomparably stricter with himself than his readers: he rewrote the same fable many times, reworked it every time and was satisfied only when there was not a single word left in it, which, as he expressed it, "he was tired of it." That is why we can say that every word in the fable of I.A. Krylova carries a certain semantic load.

So in fable two key images: Donkey and Nightingale.

What words and expressions does the fabulist use to create the image of the Donkey? Let's turn to the dictionary.

"Buddy"- a familiar address to a friend (note that the Nightingale was not a friend of the Donkey, which makes his address even more familiar and careless, which allows us to conclude that the Donkey was bad mannered).

Next is the word "master" seems to convey admiration. A master is a master, a virtuoso in his field, and even in superlatives. But consonance with the word "buddy", and even the obvious tautology "great master" again negatively characterizes the Donkey, testifying to his ignorance.

TAUTOLOGY(from the Greek tauto - “the same” and logos - “word, concept”) - repetition of the same different words. As a stylistic device, it belongs to the genus of pleonasm (excess).

"Considerably",- says the Donkey, after listening to the singing of the Nightingale. "Fairly" means "significantly, excellently." However, in explanatory dictionaries this word is always accompanied by the mark "colloquial", which means "colloquial". The same can be said for words. "staring" And "pricked up".

Participial turnover "staring at the ground forehead" reminds us of donkey stubbornness. And immediately after him - the advice to "learn a little" singing from a rooster, which, judging by the pronoun "ours", is a close friend of the Donkey. And now let's remember the famous proverb: "Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are." The limited rooster is the friend of the same ignorant Donkey.

The image of the Donkey makes the reader laugh. Such an image is called COMIC.

What artistic means Does Krylov convey the beauty and charm of the Nightingale's singing?

The Nightingale's singing is reminiscent of a whole concert. For this, Krylov uses the series homogeneous members: Verbs “snapped”, “whistled”, “given”, “crumbled”. As well as a comparison with a flute, a metaphor "scattered like small shots", epithet "languid" flute.

The singing of the Nightingale produces a wonderful effect on all who hear it. He charmed everyone with his singing. He brought peace to nature and people's lives: “the breezes subsided”, “the birds fell silent”, “the herds of animals lay down”, “the shepherd admired the singing”.

Everyone was paying attention then

Favorite and singer of Aurora ...

AURORA- the goddess of the morning dawn (ancient Roman mythology).

Let's pay attention to one detail: the Nightingale does not speak at all, only sings, by this the author shows that the ignorant (colloquial and colloquial) is alien to this hero, unlike the Donkey, who constantly says something, while using mostly colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.

The author uses the technique antitheses, contrasting the Nightingale, a master of his craft, a true singer of nature, who enchants with his singing, and the Donkey, stupid, ignorant, ill-mannered, who understands nothing in real art.

ANTITHESIS - stylistic device based on a sharp opposition of concepts and images.

The fable describes a situation that often occurs in real life. Someone self-confident and ignorant undertakes to judge about what he has no idea about.

The moral of the fable lies in the words: "God deliver us from such judges." Using the technique of allegory, the fabulist conveys to his reader the idea that if real art is often judged by those who do not understand anything about it, like the Donkey, then true masters, like the Nightingale, have a hard time.

MORALITY- this is an instructive conclusion from the main narrative, which is given at the beginning or at the end of the fable.

ALLEGORY- allegory - the image of an abstract concept through a specific image.

The fable "Donkey and Nightingale" was written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov more than a hundred years ago, but still has not lost its relevance, because such stupid judges as Donkey can be found in life in our time.

1. Krylov's fables [ Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http: ().
2. Librarian.RU. Writers of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
3. Ivan Krylov. 1769-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
4. Krylov Ivan Andreevich [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
5. Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Memoirs of Contemporaries [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
6. Russian literature XIX century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. 1760-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().

Homework

1. Get ready for expressive reading fables by I.A. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale".
2. * Create an illustration for I.A. Krylov's "Donkey and Nightingale", using some methods of creating comic Images. For example grotesque (exaggeration): the huge head of the Donkey, as a sign of a “big” mind, but an exaggeratedly small figure of the Nightingale, emphasizing that its significance is not in appearance, but in the ability to sing. Or detail. For example, Donkey has glasses that he does not need, because he sees perfectly without them, so he does not look into his glasses, but over them.
3. * Suppose that the Donkey, because of his stubbornness, nevertheless decided to introduce the Nightingale to his friend the Rooster and wrote about it in a letter. The nightingale is well-mannered and polite, so he answers the letter of the Donkey. knotted small correspondence. Come up with this correspondence (keep the features of the speech of each of the characters).