Declension of the degree of comparison of adjectives in English. Superlative adjectives

comparative is needed mainly to compare one thing with another. After all, you must admit that it would be difficult to express yourself without comparing any objects. Comparative adjectives such as “more beautiful, better, warmer, colder, cooler, etc.” scroll through our dialect every day, we just might not notice it. Therefore, the entire topic below is important for digestibility and is presented with accessible simplicity.

How to make a comparative adjective from a positive degree of an adjective?

First, let's figure out what is the positive degree of an adjective? Everything is simple. The positive degree of an adjective is the original form of an adjective that indicates the quality of an item and is used without any comparison with other items. For example:

• It's beautiful day - Beautiful day.
• My teacher is very young - My teacher is too young.
• They're very friendly people - They are very friendly people.
• It's an expensive restaurant - This is an expensive restaurant.
• The rooms are very small - The rooms are very small.

Another question may come up here. What is the comparative degree of an adjective? And here it is even easier. The comparative degree of an adjective is a form of an adjective that indicates the quality of one subject in relation to another subject. For example:

• Vegetables are cheaper than meat - Vegetables are cheaper than meat.
• This bag of potatoes is heavier than that bag of tomatoes - This bag of potatoes is heavier than that bag of tomatoes.
• Spain is warmer than England - Spain is warmer than England.
• This new car is faster than my old one - This new car is faster than my old one.
• Sarah is older than her brother - Sarah is older than her brother.

Feel the difference? Now we will return to the main question: how to convert an adjective from a positive degree to a comparative degree?

When converted, the standard for all adjectives is to add the suffix "-er" to the end of the word. For example:

Standard rule: Adjective + "-er" suffix
Adjective (positive degree)	Translation	Adjective (comparative step)	Translation
old	Old	old er	older
Tall	Tall	Tall er	Higher
Slow	Slow	Slow er	Slower
Cold	Cold	Cold er	colder
small	Little	small er	Smaller
Strong	Strong	Strong er	Stronger
clean	Clean	clean er	cleaner
short	Short	short er	Briefly speaking
Long	Long	Long er	Longer
Cheap	Cheap	Cheap er	Cheaper

In English, when comparing, the conjunction “than” is often used:

• The coast road to the town is shorter than the mountain road - The road along the embankment to the city is shorter than the road through the mountains.
• My father is younger than my mother - My father is younger than my mother.
• His new mobile is smaller than his old one - His new mobile is smaller than his old one.
• The Empire State building is taller than the Statue of Liberty - The Empire State Building is taller than the Statue of Liberty.
• Wool is warmer than cotton - Wool is warmer than cotton.

In this case, there are always a number of the following conversion rules that must be observed:

1. For two-syllable adjectives ending in a consonant and "-y": change "-y" to "-i" + suffix "-er":

Rule for two-syllable adjectives ending in "-y": change y → i + "-er" suffix
Adjective (positive degree)	Translation	Adjective (comparative step)	Translation
Happy	Happy	happ ier	Happier
Easy	Easy	Eas ier	Easier
Dirty	Filthy	Dirt ier	Dirtier
Pretty	Cute	Prett ier	cuter
Wealthy	Rich	Wealth ier	richer

Examples:

• English is easier than Japanese - English is easier than Japanese.
• My suitcase is heavier than your suitcase - My suitcase is heavier than your suitcase.
• Your car is dirtier than mine - Your car is dirtier than mine.
• His new girlfriend is prettier than your Julia - His new girlfriend is prettier than your Julia.
• Last time she was happier than today - Last time she was happier than today.

2. If a one-syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant: add the last consonant + the suffix "-er":

Adjective (positive degree)	Translation	Adjective (comparative step)	Translation
Big	Large	Big ger	More
Hot	Hot	Hot ter	hotter
Fat	Thick	Fat ter	thicker
Thin	Thin	Thin ner	Thinner

Examples:

• The Grand Hotel is bigger than is the Sea View Hotel - The Grand Hotel is bigger than The Sea View Hotel.
• My cup of tea is hotter than yours - My cup of tea is hotter than yours.
• Mike is fatter than John - Mike is fatter than John.
• The screw-driver is thinner than mine - This screwdriver is thinner than mine.

3. For adjectives ending in "-e", add only one suffix "-r":

Adjective (positive degree)	Translation	Adjective (comparative step)	Translation
Nice	Nice	Nick er	nicer
True	Loyal	Tru er	Or rather
White	White	Whit er	Whiter
politics	Polite	Polit er	more polite
Large	Large	Larg er	Larger

For example:

• My arguments is truer than yours - My arguments are truer than yours.
• Her shirt is whiter than her girlfriends' - Her shirt is whiter than her friend's.
• Wheels of your car is larger than wheels of mine - The wheels of your car are larger than the wheels of mine.

4. Before two-syllable adjectives that do not end in “-y” and before adjectives that consist of 3 or more syllables, when converted to a comparative degree, add the function word “more - more”, without adding a suffix:

For adjectives with 2 or more syllables
positive degree	Translation	comparative	Translation
Careful	Careful	More careful	More careful
Worried	Excited	More worried	More excited
Expensive	Expensive	More expensive	More expensive
intelligent	Clever	More intelligent	Smarter
Beautiful	Beautiful	More beautiful	More beautiful

For example:

• The train is more expensive than the bus - The train is more expensive than the bus.
• Drivers in this country are more careless than drivers in my country - Drivers in this country are more careless than drivers in my country.
• The exam today was more difficult than last year's exam - Today's exam was more difficult than last year's exam.
• The students ask more intelligent questions than they did before - Students ask smarter questions than they did before.
• Her second book is more interesting than her first - Her second book is more interesting than her first.

5. Also, we cannot do without exceptions, which, when transformed, take on a completely different form than in all of the above points:

Comparative Adjective Exceptions
positive degree	Translation	comparative	Translation
Good	Good	Better	It is better
Bad	Bad	Word	Worse
Little	Little	Less	Smaller
Far	Far	Farther	Farther

For example:

• Ms. Davies is a better teacher than Mr. Andrews - Mrs. Davis is a better teacher than Mr. Andrews.
• These boots are worse than those that we received last year - These boots are worse than those that we received last year.
• I've less money than you have - I have less money than you.
• From here to Moscow is farther than to St. Petersburg - From here to Moscow is further than to St. Petersburg.

To enhance the expression, we can insert adverbs such as a bit (a little), a lot (much), much (significantly) before comparative adjectives:

• She's a lot happier now - She is much happier now.
• I'm a bit older than you - I'm a little older than you.
• This book is much more interesting than the other one - This book is much more interesting than the others.

This is the end of this post. Perhaps there is something you would like to ask or add to this article. If so, please leave your comment below. Good luck.

In English, the adjective does not change by gender, case and number. But it is not without degrees of comparison. He has three of them: positive, comparative and superlative degree.

Part of speech

Before proceeding to consider the question "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in English", it is necessary to understand what an adjective is. This is the part of speech that answers the questions “Which?”, “Which?”, “Whose?” and denotes a sign, property of an object, phenomenon or person. English adjectives, unlike their Russian counterparts, do not decline, that is, they do not change in cases, genders and numbers. If we need to describe or evaluate an object, then we simply “take” the adjective and put it in front of the noun:

A wonderful day - a wonderful day.

3 degrees of comparison of adjectives

All adjectives in English are divided into two types: quality and relative . There is one significant difference between them - we can compare words of one kind, but not another. For example, the lexical unit "glass - glassy" is a relative adjective, and in relation to it one cannot say "glasser - more glassy". As for quality, they can be represented in three degrees of comparison: positive (cold) - comparative (colder) - excellent (coldest).

Rules for the formation of degrees and examples

positive and comparative

positive degree - this is the initial form of a qualitative adjective, which is fixed in the dictionary: big - big, sad - sad, tender - tender. It describes a sign or property of an object.

When the need arises to compare the characteristics of two or more objects, the comparative degree comes into play. How is it formed? The comparative degree of adjectives in English can be formed in two ways:

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• If the word consists of one or two syllables, then the ending is added to it -er :

clean - cleaner (clean - cleaner), great - greater (greater - greater), sharp - sharper (sharp - sharper).

• more (more) or less (less) :

delicate - more delicate (gentle - more gentle), terrible - more terrible (terrible - more terrible), difficult - less difficult (difficult - less difficult).

Superlatives

Superlatives bears no comparison. She surpasses everyone and does not hide it, because she is the most-most of the many. In both comparative and superlative degrees, before embarking on the formation of new forms of adjectives, it is necessary to ask how many syllables are in a word. Depending on the subsequent answer, two ways of formation are distinguished:

• If the word consists of one or two syllables, then the definite article is added to it. the and ending -est :

clean - the cleanest (clean - the cleanest), great - the greatest (great - the greatest), sharp - the sharpest (sharp - sharpest).

• If a word consists of three syllables or more, then an additional word appears before it. most (most) or least (least) with the definite article the:

delicate - the most delicate (gentle - the most delicate), terrible - the most terrible (terrible - the most terrible), difficult - the least difficult (difficult - the least difficult).

If an adjective consisting of one or two syllables ends in a dumb vowel -e, then when adding the endings -er or -est, it is omitted: cute - cuter - cutest (charming - cuter - cutest). If a short adjective ends in -y, then adding -er or -est changes this letter to -i: hungry - hungrier - hungriest (hungry - hungrier - the hungriest). If a short adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, then adding the ending -er or -est doubles the final consonant: fat - fatter - fattest (thick - thicker - the thickest).

Exceptions

In English, there is a list of adjectives that are exceptions to the general rule for the formation of degrees of comparison. There are not so many of them, so it will not be difficult to learn by heart:

good - better - (the) best (good - better - best);
bad - worse - (the) worst (bad - worse - worst);
little - less - (the) least (small - less - smallest);
many (much) - more - (the) most (many - more - largest);
far - farther / further - (the) farthest / furthest (far - farther / farthest - farthest / furthest);
old - older / elder - (the) oldest / eldest (old - older / older - oldest / oldest).

In the list of exceptions, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the following words: farther - farthest (used to describe distance), further - furthest (used in a broader sense, additional, further in order,) older - oldest (used to describe age), elder - eldest (used to describe seniority in a family).

What have we learned?

In grade 6, the lesson studies the topic “Comparative and superlative adjectives in English”, which we examined in this article. There is no adjective declension in English. They change only when the degrees of comparison are formed. There are three of them in the language: positive, comparative and superlative.

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Adjectives ( Adjectives ) are words that express qualities, attributes of objects. They answer the question which?. In a sentence, they usually define a noun. In English, they do not change either by gender, or by numbers, or by cases:

a little girl - a little girl

a little boy - little boy

little children - little children

With a little boy - with a little boy.

Adjectives change only in degrees of comparison (Degrees of Comparison). There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives: positive (Positive Degree), comparative (Comparative Degree), excellent (Superlative Degree).

Rules for the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives.

Adjectives in a positive degree do not have any endings, for example: quick (fast), slow (slow), old (old), new (new). Comparative and superlative degrees are formed using the suffixes -er and -est or by adding the words more (more) and most (most). The choice of method depends on the original form of the adjective.

One-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives form the comparative with the suffix -er and the superlative with the suffix -est. With the help of the suffixes -er, -est, two-syllable adjectives ending in -er, -ow, -y, -le (clever, narrow, early, simple) form degrees of comparison.

Here are some examples:

One-syllable and two-syllable adjectives

positive degree	comparative	Superlatives
high - high	higher - higher, higher	highest - the highest
small - small	smaller - less	smallest - smallest, smallest
strong - strong	stronger - stronger, stronger	strongest - the strongest
cheap - cheap	cheaper - cheaper, cheaper	cheapest - the cheapest
quick - fast	quicker - faster	quickest - the fastest
new - new	newer - newer	newest - the newest
clean - clean	cleaner - cleaner, cleaner	cleanest - the cleanest
cold - cold	colder - colder, colder	coldest - the coldest
short - short	shorter - shorter, shorter	shortest - the shortest
great - great, big	greater - more	greatest - the greatest, greatest
weak - weak	weaker - weaker	weakest - the weakest
deep - deep	deeper - deeper, deeper	deepest - the deepest
low - low	lower - lower	lowest - the lowest
clever - smart	cleverer - smarter, smarter	cleverest - the smartest, the smartest
narrow - narrow	narrower - narrower	narrowest - the narrowest
shallow - small	shallower - smaller	shallowest - the smallest

When writing, certain spelling rules must be observed.

1. If the adjective has a short vowel and ends in one consonant, then in the comparative degree and in the superlative degree this consonant is doubled:

big-bigger-big

big - more - largest, largest

Fat-fatter-fattest

thick, fat - thicker - the thickest

Wet-wetter-wettest

wet, wet – wetter – wettest

sad-sadder-saddest

sad, sad - more sad - the saddest

thin - thinner - thinnest

thin, thin - thinner - thinnest

2. If the adjective ends with a letter -y with a preceding consonant, then in the comparative and superlative degrees the letter y changes to i:

Easy - easier - easiest

light - lighter - lightest, lightest

early-earlier-earliest

early – earlier – earliest

dry-drier-driest

dry, arid – drier – driest

But the word shy (shy, fearful) does not obey this rule and forms degrees of comparison as follows:

shy - shyer - shyest.

3. If the adjective ends with a letter -e, then in comparative and superlative degrees is added -r, -st:

wide - wider - widest

wide - wider - widest, widest

late - later - latest

late – later – latest

fine-finer-finest

good, beautiful - better - the best

simple - simpler - simplest

simple - easier - simplest

Polysyllabic adjectives, i.e. adjectives of three or more syllables form degrees of comparison using more for the comparative and most for the superlative. Consider the following examples:

Polysyllabic adjectives

positive degree	comparative	Superlatives
interesting - interesting	more interesting - more interesting	most interesting - the most interesting
beautiful - beautiful	more beautiful - more beautiful	most beautiful - the most beautiful
expensive - expensive	more expensive - more expensive	most expensive - the most expensive
difficult - difficult	more difficult - more difficult	most difficult - the most difficult
dangerous - dangerous	more dangerous - more dangerous	most dangerous - the most dangerous
important - important	more important - more important	most important - the most important
comfortable - comfortable	more comfortable - more comfortable	most comfortable - the most comfortable

In the same way, i.e. using the words more for the comparative degree and most for the superlative degree, form degrees of comparison of some disyllabic words that end in -ed and -

In English, as well as in our native language, adjectives are an independent part of speech used to describe the properties of a person, animal or object. But unlike our native language, in a foreign language it does not depend on a noun and only changes when compared. The formation of linguistic forms continued throughout the history of the formation of modern Great Britain.

This was due to constant wars of conquest and borrowings from other languages. But the basic word forms and grammatical rules were formed by the 15th century, then only changed. This also applies to adjectives and their degrees of comparison - Degrees of Comparison.

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A bit of history

Surprising as it may sound now, in Old English the names are appended. changed in all known grammatical categories. When studying the literary monuments of that time that have survived to this day, the researchers found the plural form of the genitive case alre from all, pl. h. gode from god. But in Middle English there are practically no signs of change - there are only remnants of number and declension. Gradually, of all the categories, only remain.

Until about the 16th century, when changing names, they will add. vowel alternation was used in the root: long - lenger - lengest. In parallel, derivatives began to be used in speech without replacing the letter, which later became fixed in the rules. Although sometimes the old form was separated into a separate word with a different meaning (older / elder).

Classification

To understand the correct formation of the desired word form, it is necessary to know some important characteristics of adjective names. Otherwise, you can make a number of gross mistakes.

In the course of its development, this part of speech acquired a different structure and was used to describe objects, people, their qualities and properties. In this regard, adjectives are distinguished by:

Grammar feature:

• monosyllabic - based on one syllable: sad (sad), slow (slow), long (long);
• disyllabic - two syllables: happy (happy), clever (smart), nice (cute);
• polysyllabic - more than 3 syllables: unhappy (unhappy), dangerous (dangerous), horrible (terrible);
• composite - are formed by adding the basics: well-known (well-known), good-looking (good-looking).

Learning English language

Lexical meaning:

• relative - describe those properties that are not compared: definition of substance (silk - silk, gold - gold), terrain (rural - rural), field of science (historical - historical), era (classical - classical);
• qualitative - denote the properties of objects in which they differ from each other in shape, color, size, properties, taste, and more.

Important! Only qualitative adjectives are used to compare features and properties. Nobody says "more woolly", "less round".

Degrees of Comparison of adjectives in English

To better understand this topic, it will be most appropriate to bring analogues with the native language. "Higher", "weaker", "more powerful" - a comparison. "Least flamboyant", "most envious", "most friendly" - superiority. The only difference, perhaps, is the consideration of three degrees in a foreign language.

1. Positive - a common concept, characterizes the subject and shows the presence of a required property. It is taken as a basis for the formation of adjectives in comparative and superlative degrees.
2. Comparative - drawing a parallel between two things according to a certain property. In statements with a comparative degree, the conjunction than is required: Daniel's uncle was stronger than his father. Uncle Daniel was stronger than his dad.
3. Superlative adjective - used for choosing the best instance in terms of its attributes among the many. Combines with of or in. The present perfect tense of the verb is allowed: He supposes Mohammed Ali is the greatest boxer that has ever lived. “He thinks Mohammed Ali is the greatest boxer of all. Her dog was the angryest in their yard. Her dog was the meanest in the yard.

Methods for forming degrees of comparison

Methods for the formation of degrees of comparison in English depend on the structure of the word:

• Transformation of the stem by adding -er (in comparative) and -est (in excellent) at the end: loose (free) - looser - loosest; tight (dense) - tighter - tightest.
• The use of special words more (less) - more (less) - comparative, most (least) - most (least) - superlative degree of adjectives: unreasonable (unreasonable) - more unreasonable - most unreasonable; ancient (ancient) - less ancient - least ancient; fully-qualified (professional) - more fully-qualified - most fully-qualified.
• Changing the whole stem of the word.

Usage errors

English grammar

Most mistakes are made when comparing two.

NONSTANDARD - One of the two cakes, this is the best one.

STANDARD - One of the two cakes, this is the better one.

NONSTANDARD - Marie is the youngest of the two girls.

STANDARD - Marie is the younger of the two girls.

When comparing one thing with a whole group, one should not forget about the word order in a sentence:

NONSTANDARD - She is faster than any girl on her team. (She is a member of the team and obviously cannot be faster than herself.)

STANDARD - She is faster than any other girl on her team.

Sometimes amplification is allowed in colloquial speech:

It's more simpler. - It is easier.

This was the best picture. It was the best picture I have ever seen.

But this usage is actually a mistake. And double amplification is not allowed.

The table below will easily help you learn the exceptions to the formation of the comparative degree of adjectives in English.

Superlative education

In the case when there is a choice between the two, the presence of some features, manifested to some extent, is compared. Superlative adjectives - choosing the "best" of many similar people or things.

Comparative and superlative degrees of abstract qualitative appendices. are formed by both methods: wise (wise), safe (safe), polite (polite), quiet (calm), common (general), cruel (cruel), clever (smart) and a number of others:

wise - the wisest / the most wise, quiet - the quietest / the most quiet.

Important! Polysyllabic names adj. in English, when forming a superlative degree, they do not change the basis.

Spelling rules for superlatives

In writing, when forming a superlative degree in English, one should remember the following rules:

1. Doubling the last letter in short adjectives: dim - dimmest.
2. Adding -st if -e is at the end of the word: fine - finest.
3. Replacing -y with -i after a consonant:
4. – driest.

But with a vowel before -y nothing changes:- gayest.

The difference in derivatives from far, old, hear, late comes from the history of the development of the language, as mentioned above. Here it is necessary to clearly understand what the meaning of the word is.

For more clarity, please consider the following examples:

We continued researchers without further difficulties. We continued our research without further difficulty.

The bank was farther than we were told. The bank was further than we were told.

I'm surprised Helen is 25. I thought she was older. - I'm surprised that Elena is 25. I thought she was older.

Their eldest sister is an actress. – Their oldest sister is an actress.

The next to dance was Jack. Jack danced next.

Article

is a specific particle. She has no analogues in Russian. In English, adjectives are preceded by both the indefinite and the definite article.

In superlatives, not using the article the will be one of the worst mistakes.

Separately, we should dwell on the use of most. It can be used for more than just superlatives.

Learning degrees of comparison in English

Most = very - "very". At the same time, the word in units. h. The indefinite article precedes, and in the plural. h. it is missing:

I saw a most beautiful woman.

I saw an extremely beautiful lady.

I don't go out very often. I'm at home most days.

I don't go out very often. Most days I am at home.

Most of - "most". After it, the noun is followed by a definite article or pronoun (possessive, demonstrative).

I wasn't well yesterday. I spent most of the time in bed.

I didn't feel well yesterday and spent most of my time in bed.

Kate travel a lot. She has been to most of the European countries.

Katya travels a lot. She has visited most of Europe.

Comparative adjectives, provided the expression of the two is present in the utterance, are used with the: Who of those two women is the better specialist? Which of those two women is the better specialist?

the beauty our speech depends from the correct use of various words in the right meaning, their pronunciation. Even in the native language, a person manages to make mistakes by placing the stress in a word incorrectly or using the wrong part of speech. What then to say about a foreign language? With its many exceptions or the presence of any rules that are not in the native language.

The range of English words denoting a sign of an object is quite multifaceted. If in Russian we say “beautiful”, then in English this meaning is conveyed by a number of adjectives (nice, beautiful, handsome, good-looking). Moreover, in the British language there are words that have no equivalent in Russian (thirsty - to be thirsty).

In order not to get into trouble when using the right degree of comparison, follows:

• good understanding of the grammatical structure of words;
• understand what a qualitative adjective means and what a superlative degree is;
• know the spelling rules for the formation and writing of the desired form of comparison;
• be able to construct sentences correctly.

Types of degrees of comparison in English

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Conclusion

The development of English does not stand still. Constantly simplification is underway and borrowing from other language groups. The variety of English (American, Australian, Canadian or British) should also be taken into account. This is especially true for spoken language. And it is quite possible that in the future there will be more adjectives that will add to the list of exceptions.

In English, adjectives have 3 degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative. The general rules for the formation of each of them can be presented in the form of tables.

Adjective as a part of speech

What is an adjective? This is a part of speech that is designed to describe the signs and properties of objects. She answers the questions "Which?", "Which?" and "Whose?" There are two types of adjectives in English: quality and relative .

Of these, only qualitative ones can have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and excellent. Relatives cannot be combined with an adverb very (very) and form degrees of comparison. For example, from the relative adjective "wooden" it is impossible to form the comparative degree "more wooden", while from the qualitative "cold" one can form two forms of adjectives - "colder" and "coldest".

As can be seen from the examples, the degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian are formed with the help of suffixes or by adding words to the initial form. And how things are in English - let's look at examples.

Positive

The initial form of the adjective is the positive degree: dangerous (dangerous, risky), famous (famous), curious (curious). In English, adjectives do not have gender, number, or case forms. In other words, when forming phrases or sentences, we take an adjective and put it before a noun: a dangerous car (dangerous car), a famous singer (famous singer), curious girls (curious girls).

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Comparative

The word "comparative" comes from the verb "compare". In other words, in a comparative degree, we compare the signs, properties of two or more objects. In this case, the union may appear in the sentence than (than) or construction the ... the ... (than ..., the ...), and the adjective itself changes form. There are two ways to form the comparative degree form:

• To a simple adjective, consisting of one or two syllables, the ending is added -er : fast - faster (fast - faster), weak - weaker (weak - weaker);
• To a complex adjective consisting of three or more syllables, the words are added more (more) or less (less) : aggressive - more aggressive (aggressive - more aggressive), desperate - less desperate (desperate - less desperate).

excellent

If in the comparative degree we set ourselves the task of comparing two objects, then in the superlative degree we need to single out among the multitude one “the most that is.” To qualify for this degree, one of the following must be completed:

• To a simple adjective consisting of one or two syllables, add the definite article the and ending -est : fast - the fastest (fast - the fastest), weak - the weakest (weak - weakest);
• To a complex adjective consisting of three or more syllables, add the words the most (most) or the least (least) : aggressive - the moast aggressive (aggressive - the most aggressive), desperate - the least desperate (desperate - the least desperate).

General rules

General rules for the formation of degrees of comparison can be presented in the table "Degrees of comparison in English".

Pay attention to the following examples from the table: hot (hot) and lazy (lazy). In the comparative and superlative degree in the word hot (hot), the final consonant doubled, since the word ends in a vowel and consonant, and in the word lazy (lazy), the final vowel -y changed to -i.

Exceptions

In English, there are adjectives that are exceptions to the general rule for the formation of degrees of comparison. They are presented in the following exclusion table:

positive degree	comparative	Superlatives
good - good	better - better, best	the best - the best, (the) best
bad - bad	worse - worse, worse	the worst - the worst, (nai) worst
little - little	less - less	the least - the smallest, the slightest
much, many - a lot	more - more	the most - the largest
far - far, distant	farther/further - more distant/more distant	the farthest / furthest - the farthest / the farthest)
old - old, older	older/elder - older/older	the oldest / eldest - the oldest / oldest

Pay attention to the meaning of the words farther - the farthest (further - the farthest) and further - the furthest (more distant - the farthest): in the first case, the physical distance is meant, and in the second, the range in order. The same can be observed in the words older - the oldest (older - the oldest) and elder - the eldest (older - the oldest). In the first case, age is meant, and in the second, seniority in the family.

What have we learned?

From this article, we learned how Present Simple Tense is formed, in what cases this time is used, and also how to distinguish Present Simple Tense from other tenses. We learned how to correctly construct a negative sentence in this tense and how to ask a question correctly. We also learned all the adverbs of time, satellite words that are peculiar only to Present Simple Tense.

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