Sappho of the 20th century. Poem Requiem A.A.

Born near Odessa (Big Fountain). Daughter of mechanical engineer Andrey Antonovich Gorenko and Inna Erazmovna, nee Stogova. As a poetic pseudonym, Anna Andreevna took the name of the great-grandmother of the Tatar Akhmatova.

In 1890, the Gorenko family moved to Tsarskoe Selo near St. Petersburg, where Anna lived until the age of 16. She studied at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium, in one of the classes of which her future husband Nikolai Gumilyov studied. In 1905, the family moved to Evpatoria, and then to Kyiv, where Anna graduated from the gymnasium at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium.

Akhmatova's first poem was published in Paris in 1907 in the Sirius magazine, published in Russian. In 1912, her first book of poems, Evening, was published. By this time, she was already signing herself with the pseudonym Akhmatova.

In the 1910s Akhmatova's work was closely connected with the poetic group of acmeists, which took shape in the fall of 1912. The founders of acmeism were Sergei Gorodetsky and Nikolai Gumilyov, who since 1910 became the husband of Akhmatova.

Thanks to her bright appearance, talent, sharp mind, Anna Andreevna attracted the attention of poets who dedicated poems to her, artists who painted her portraits (N. Altman, K. Petrov-Vodkin, Yu. Annenkov, M. Saryan, etc.) . Composers created music for her works (S. Prokofiev, A. Lurie, A. Vertinsky and others).

In 1910 she visited Paris, where she met the artist A. Modigliani, who painted several of her portraits.

Along with loud fame, she had to experience many personal tragedies: in 1921 her husband Gumilyov was shot, in the spring of 1924 a decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was issued, which actually prohibited Akhmatova from being published. In the 1930s repression fell upon almost all of her friends and like-minded people. They also affected the people closest to her: first, her son Lev Gumilyov was arrested and exiled, then her second husband, art critic Nikolai Nikolaevich Punin.

In the last years of her life, living in Leningrad, Akhmatova worked a lot and intensively: in addition to poetry, she was engaged in translations, wrote memoirs, essays, and prepared a book about A.S. Pushkin. In 1964, she was awarded the international poetry prize "Etna Taormina" in recognition of the poet's great merits to world culture, and her scientific work was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Literature by Oxford University.

Akhmatova died in a sanatorium in the suburbs. She was buried in the village of Komarovo near Leningrad.

"No generation has ever had such a fate"

And Anna Akhmatova wrote about herself that she was born in the same year as Charlie Chaplin, Tolstoy's Kreutzer Sonata and the Eiffel Tower. She witnessed the change of eras - she survived two world wars, a revolution and the blockade of Leningrad. Akhmatova wrote her first poem at the age of 11 - from then until the end of her life she did not stop doing poetry.

Literary name - Anna Akhmatova

Anna Akhmatova was born in 1889 near Odessa in the family of a hereditary nobleman, a retired fleet mechanical engineer Andrei Gorenko. The father was afraid that his daughter's poetic hobbies would disgrace his surname, therefore, at a young age, the future poetess took on a creative pseudonym - Akhmatova.

“They called me Anna in honor of Anna Egorovna Motovilova’s grandmother. Her mother was a Genghisid, Tatar princess Akhmatova, whose last name, not realizing that I was going to be a Russian poet, I made my literary name.
Anna Akhmatova

Anna Akhmatova's childhood passed in Tsarskoye Selo. As the poetess recalled, she learned to read from Leo Tolstoy's ABC, spoke French, listening to how the teacher studied with her older sisters. The young poetess wrote her first poem at the age of 11.

Anna Akhmatova in childhood. Photo: maskball.ru

Anna Akhmatova. Photos: maskball.ru

The Gorenko family: Inna Erazmovna and children Viktor, Andrei, Anna, Iya. Photo: maskball.ru

Akhmatova studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Women's Gymnasium “at first badly, then much better, but always reluctantly”. In 1905 she was homeschooled. The family lived in Evpatoria - Anna Akhmatova's mother broke up with her husband and went to the southern coast to treat tuberculosis that had become aggravated in children. In the following years, the girl moved to relatives in Kyiv - there she graduated from the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium, and then enrolled in the law department of the Higher Women's Courses.

In Kyiv, Anna began to correspond with Nikolai Gumilyov, who courted her back in Tsarskoe Selo. At this time, the poet was in France and published the Parisian Russian weekly Sirius. In 1907, the first published poem by Akhmatova, “There are many brilliant rings on his hand…”, appeared on the pages of Sirius. In April 1910, Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov got married - near Kiev, in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka.

As Akhmatova wrote, "no generation has ever had such a fate". In the 1930s, Nikolai Punin was arrested, and Lev Gumilyov was arrested twice. In 1938 he was sentenced to five years in labor camps. About the feelings of the wives and mothers of "enemies of the people" - victims of the repressions of the 1930s - Akhmatova later wrote one of her famous works - the autobiographical poem "Requiem".

In 1939, the poetess was accepted into the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the war, Akhmatova's sixth collection, "From Six Books," was published. “The Patriotic War of 1941 found me in Leningrad”, - the poetess wrote in her memoirs. Akhmatova was evacuated first to Moscow, then to Tashkent - there she performed in hospitals, read poetry to wounded soldiers and "eagerly caught news about Leningrad, about the front." The poetess was able to return to the Northern capital only in 1944.

“A terrible ghost pretending to be my city struck me so much that I described this meeting with him in prose ... Prose always seemed to me both a mystery and a temptation. I knew everything about poetry from the very beginning - I never knew anything about prose.
Anna Akhmatova

"Decadent" and Nobel Prize nominee

In 1946, a special Decree of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the magazines Zvezda” and “Leningrad” was issued for “providing a literary platform” for “unprincipled, ideologically harmful works.” It concerned two Soviet writers - Anna Akhmatova and Mikhail Zoshchenko. They were both expelled from the Writers' Union.

Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Portrait of A.A. Akhmatova. 1922. State Russian Museum

Natalia Tretyakova. Akhmatova and Modigliani at the unfinished portrait

Rinat Kuramshin. Portrait of Anna Akhmatova

“Zoshchenko depicts the Soviet order and the Soviet people in an ugly caricature form, slanderously representing the Soviet people as primitive, uncultured, stupid, with philistine tastes and mores. Zoshchenko's maliciously hooligan portrayal of our reality is accompanied by anti-Soviet attacks.
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Akhmatova is a typical representative of empty, unprincipled poetry, alien to our people. Her poems, imbued with the spirit of pessimism and decadence, expressing the tastes of the old salon poetry, frozen in the positions of bourgeois-aristocratic aestheticism and decadence, "art for art's sake", which does not want to keep pace with its people, harm the cause of educating our youth and cannot be tolerated. in Soviet literature.
Excerpt from the Decree of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad”

Lev Gumilyov, who, after serving his sentence as a volunteer, went to the front and reached Berlin, was again arrested and sentenced to ten years in labor camps. All his years of imprisonment, Akhmatova tried to achieve the release of her son, but Lev Gumilyov was released only in 1956.

In 1951, the poetess was reinstated in the Writers' Union. Having never had her own home, in 1955 Akhmatova received a country house in the village of Komarovo from the Literary Fund.

“I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with the time, with the new life of my people. When I wrote them, I lived by those rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived in these years and saw events that had no equal.
Anna Akhmatova

In 1962, the poetess completed work on "A Poem Without a Hero", which she had been writing for 22 years. As the poet and memoirist Anatoly Naiman noted, “A Poem Without a Hero” was written by Akhmatova late about Akhmatova early - she recalled and reflected on the era she found.

In the 1960s, Akhmatova's work received wide recognition - the poetess became a nominee for the Nobel Prize, received the Etna-Taormina literary prize in Italy. Oxford University awarded Akhmatova an honorary doctorate in literature. In May 1964, an evening dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the poetess was held at the Mayakovsky Museum in Moscow. The following year, the last lifetime collection of poems and poems, "The Run of Time", was published.

The illness forced Anna Akhmatova in February 1966 to move to a cardiology sanatorium near Moscow. She passed away in March. The poetess was buried at the Nikolsky Naval Cathedral in Leningrad and buried at the Komarovsky cemetery.

Slavic professor Nikita Struve

One of the brightest, most original and talented poetesses of the Silver Age, Anna Gorenko, better known to her admirers as Akhmatova, lived a long and tragic life. This proud and at the same time fragile woman witnessed two revolutions and two world wars. Her soul was scorched by the repressions and deaths of the closest people. The biography of Anna Akhmatova is worthy of a novel or a film adaptation, which was repeatedly undertaken by both her contemporaries and a later generation of playwrights, directors and writers.

Anna Gorenko was born in the summer of 1889 in the family of a hereditary nobleman and retired naval engineer Andrei Andreevich Gorenko and Inna Erazmovna Stogova, who belonged to the creative elite of Odessa. The girl was born in the southern part of the city, in a house located in the Bolshoi Fountain area. She was the third oldest of six children.

As soon as the baby was a year old, her parents moved to St. Petersburg, where the head of the family received the rank of collegiate assessor and became an official of the State Control for special assignments. The family settled in Tsarskoye Selo, with which all childhood memories of Akhmatova are connected. The nanny took the girl for a walk in Tsarskoye Selo Park and other places that she still remembered. Children were taught secular etiquette. Anya learned to read from the alphabet, and she learned French at an early age, listening to how the teacher teaches it to older children.

The future poetess received her education at the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. Anna Akhmatova began writing poetry, according to her, at the age of 11. It is noteworthy that poetry for her was opened not by the works of Alexander Pushkin and, whom she fell in love with a little later, but by the majestic odes of Gabriel Derzhavin and the poem "Frost, Red Nose", which her mother recited.

Young Gorenko fell in love with Petersburg forever and considered it the main city of her life. She was very homesick for his streets, parks and the Neva when she had to leave with her mother to Evpatoria, and then to Kyiv. Parents divorced when the girl was 16 years old.

She finished her penultimate class at home, in Evpatoria, and finished the last class at the Kyiv Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. After completing her studies, Gorenko becomes a student of the Higher Women's Courses, choosing the Faculty of Law for herself. But if Latin and the history of law aroused a keen interest in her, then jurisprudence seemed boring to the point of yawning, so the girl continued her education in her beloved St. Petersburg, at N. P. Raev’s historical and literary courses for women.

Poetry

In the Gorenko family, no one was engaged in poetry, "as far as the eye sees around." Only on the line of Inna Stogova's mother was a distant relative Anna Bunina, a translator and poetess, found. The father did not approve of his daughter's passion for poetry and asked not to shame his last name. Therefore, Anna Akhmatova never signed her poems with her real name. In her family tree, she found a Tatar great-grandmother, who allegedly descended from the Horde Khan Akhmat, and thus turned into Akhmatova.

In her early youth, when the girl studied at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, she met a talented young man, later the famous poet Nikolai Gumilyov. Both in Evpatoria and in Kyiv, the girl corresponded with him. In the spring of 1910, they got married in the St. Nicholas Church, which still stands today in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka near Kiev. At that time, Gumilyov was already an accomplished poet, known in literary circles.

The newlyweds went to celebrate their honeymoon in Paris. This was Akhmatova's first meeting with Europe. Upon his return, the husband introduced his talented wife to the literary and artistic circles of St. Petersburg, and she was immediately noticed. At first, everyone was struck by her unusual, majestic beauty and regal posture. Swarthy, with a distinct hump on her nose, the "Horde" appearance of Anna Akhmatova conquered the literary bohemia.

Anna Akhmatova and Amadeo Modigliani. Artist Natalia Tretyakova

Soon, St. Petersburg writers find themselves captivated by the creativity of this original beauty. Anna Akhmatova writes poetry about love, namely this great feeling she sang all her life, during the crisis of symbolism. Young poets try themselves in other trends that have come into fashion - futurism and acmeism. Gumilyova-Akhmatova becomes famous as an acmeist.

1912 becomes the year of a breakthrough in her biography. In this memorable year, not only the only son of the poetess, Lev Gumilyov, was born, but also her first collection entitled “Evening” was published in a small edition. In her declining years, a woman who has gone through all the hardships of the time in which she had to be born and create, will call these first creations "the poor verses of the most empty girl." But then Akhmatova's poems found their first admirers and brought her fame.

After 2 years, the second collection, called "Rosary", is released. And it was already a real triumph. Admirers and critics enthusiastically speak of her work, elevating her to the rank of the most fashionable poetess of her time. Akhmatova no longer needs her husband's protection. Her name sounds even louder than the name of Gumilyov. In the revolutionary 1917, Anna published her third book, The White Flock. It comes out in an impressive circulation of 2,000 copies. The couple parted ways in the turbulent 1918.

And in the summer of 1921, Nikolai Gumilyov was shot. Akhmatova was very upset by the death of her son's father and the man who introduced her to the world of poetry.

Anna Akhmatova reads her poems to students

Since the mid-1920s, hard times have come for the poetess. She is under the close attention of the NKVD. It is not printed. Akhmatova's poems are written "on the table." Many of them have been lost in transit. The last collection was published in 1924. "Provocative", "decadent", "anti-communist" poems - such a stigma on creativity cost Anna Andreevna dearly.

The new stage of her work is closely connected with soul-exhausting experiences for her loved ones. First of all, for my son Lyovushka. In the late autumn of 1935, the first wake-up call sounded for a woman: her second husband, Nikolai Punin, and son were arrested at the same time. They are released in a few days, but there will be no more peace in the life of the poetess. From that moment on, she will feel the ring of persecution tightening around her.

After 3 years, the son was arrested. He was sentenced to 5 years in labor camps. In the same terrible year, the marriage of Anna Andreevna and Nikolai Punin ended. The emaciated mother carries the transfers to her son in the Crosses. In the same years, the famous "Requiem" by Anna Akhmatova was published.

In order to make life easier for her son and pull him out of the camps, the poetess, just before the war, in 1940 publishes the collection “From Six Books”. Here are collected old censored poems and new ones, "correct" from the point of view of the ruling ideology.

Anna Andreevna spent the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War in evacuation, in Tashkent. Immediately after the victory, she returned to the liberated and destroyed Leningrad. From there he soon moved to Moscow.

But the clouds that barely parted overhead - the son was released from the camps - are gathering again. In 1946, her work was destroyed at the next meeting of the Writers' Union, and in 1949, Lev Gumilyov was arrested again. This time he was sentenced to 10 years. The unfortunate woman is broken. She writes requests and letters of repentance to the Politburo, but no one hears her.

Elderly Anna Akhmatova

After leaving another imprisonment, the relationship between mother and son remained tense for many years: Leo believed that his mother put creativity in the first place, which she loved more than him. He moves away from her.

Black clouds over the head of this famous, but deeply unhappy woman disperse only at the end of her life. In 1951, she was reinstated in the Writers' Union. Akhmatova's poems are being published. In the mid-1960s, Anna Andreevna received a prestigious Italian award and released a new collection, The Run of Time. And the well-known poetess Oxford University awards a doctoral degree.

Akhmatova "booth" in Komarovo

At the end of years, the world-famous poet and writer finally got his own home. The Leningrad Literary Fund allocated her a modest wooden dacha in Komarovo. It was a tiny house, which consisted of a veranda, a corridor and one room.

All the “furnishings” are a hard bed, where bricks were stacked as legs, a table built from a door, a drawing by Modigliani on the wall and an old icon that once belonged to the first husband.

Personal life

This regal woman had amazing power over men. In her youth, Anna was fantastically flexible. They say that she could easily bend back, reaching the floor with her head. Even the ballerinas of the Mariinsky Theater were amazed by this incredible natural plasticity. She also had amazing eyes that changed color. Some said that Akhmatova's eyes were gray, others claimed that they were green, and still others claimed that they were sky blue.

Nikolai Gumilyov fell in love with Anna Gorenko at first sight. But the girl was crazy about Vladimir Golenishchev-Kutuzov, a student who did not pay any attention to her. The young schoolgirl suffered and even tried to hang herself on a nail. Luckily, he slipped out of the clay wall.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband and son

It seems that the daughter inherited her mother's failures. Marriage with none of the three official husbands did not bring happiness to the poetess. The personal life of Anna Akhmatova was chaotic and somewhat disheveled. They cheated on her, she cheated. The first husband carried his love for Anna through his entire short life, but at the same time he had an illegitimate child, whom everyone knew about. In addition, Nikolai Gumilyov did not understand why his beloved wife, in his opinion, was not at all a brilliant poetess, causes such delight and even exaltation among young people. Anna Akhmatova's poems about love seemed to him too long and pompous.

In the end, they parted.

After parting, Anna Andreevna had no end to her fans. Count Valentin Zubov gave her armfuls of expensive roses and trembled at her mere presence, but the beauty gave preference to Nikolai Nedobrovo. However, Boris Anrepa soon replaced him.

The second marriage with Vladimir Shileiko tormented Anna so much that she dropped: “Divorce ... What a pleasant feeling it is!”

A year after the death of her first husband, she parted ways with her second. Six months later, she marries for the third time. Nikolai Punin is an art historian. But the personal life of Anna Akhmatova did not work out with him either.

Punin, Deputy People's Commissar for Education Lunacharsky, who sheltered the homeless Akhmatova after a divorce, did not make her happy either. The new wife lived in an apartment with Punin's ex-wife and his daughter, donating money to a common cauldron for food. The son Leo, who came from his grandmother, was placed at night in a cold corridor and felt like an orphan, forever deprived of attention.

Anna Akhmatova's personal life was supposed to change after meeting with the pathologist Garshin, but just before the wedding, he allegedly dreamed of the late mother, who begged not to take the sorceress into the house. The marriage was cancelled.

Death

The death of Anna Akhmatova on March 5, 1966 seems to have shocked everyone. Although she was already 76 years old at that time. Yes, and she was sick for a long time and hard. The poetess died in a sanatorium near Moscow in Domodedovo. On the eve of her death, she asked to bring her a New Testament, the texts of which she wanted to compare with the texts of the Qumran manuscripts.

The body of Akhmatova from Moscow hastened to be transported to Leningrad: the authorities did not want dissident unrest. She was buried at the Komarovsky cemetery. Before his death, the son and mother could not reconcile: they did not communicate for several years.

On the grave of his mother, Lev Gumilyov laid out a stone wall with a window, which was supposed to symbolize the wall in the Crosses, where she carried messages to him. At first, a wooden cross stood on the grave, as Anna Andreevna asked for, but in 1969 a stone one appeared.

Monument to Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva in Odessa

The Anna Akhmatova Museum is located in St. Petersburg on Avtovskaya Street. Another one was opened in the Fountain House, where she lived for 30 years. Later, museums, memorial plaques and bas-reliefs appeared in Moscow, Tashkent, Kyiv, Odessa and many other cities where the muse lived.

Poetry

1912 - "Evening"
1914 - "Rosary"
1922 - The White Pack
1921 - "Plantain"
1923 - "Anno Domini MCMXXI"
1940 - "From six books"
1943 - “Anna Akhmatova. Favorites»
1958 - Anna Akhmatova. Poems»
1963 - "Requiem"
1965 - The Run of Time

Anna Akhmatova is known to all educated people. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know about how much this truly great woman had to endure.

We bring to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to dwell on the most important stages in the life of the poetess, but also to tell from her.

Biography of Akhmatova

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poetess, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in her native city of Odessa.

The future classic studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use her real surname, in connection with which Anna took the surname of her great-grandmother, Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.

One interesting fact is connected with this episode, which we will present at the end of the article.

By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.

Akhmatova's personal life

In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? Hard to tell. In her works we find a lot of love poetry.

But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, which has passed through the prism of Akhmatova's gift. But whether she had ordinary family happiness is hardly.

Gumilyov

The first husband in her biography was a famous poet, from whom her only son was born - Lev Gumilyov (the author of the theory of ethnogenesis).

After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband Gumilyov and son Leo

It is important to emphasize here that the first husband passionately loved her. She did not reciprocate his feelings, and he knew about it even before the wedding. In a word, their life together was extremely painful and painful from the constant jealousy and internal suffering of both.

Akhmatova was very sorry for Nikolai, but she did not feel feelings for him. Two poets from God could not live under one roof and dispersed. Even their son could not stop their disintegrating marriage.

Shileiko

In this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived very badly.

Having an extremely meager income, she earned money by selling herring, which was given out as a ration, and with the proceeds she also bought smoke, without which her husband could not do.

In her notes there is a phrase referring to this time: "I will soon get on all fours myself."

Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife literally for everything: for men, guests, poems and hobbies.

Punin

Akhmatova's biography developed rapidly. In 1922 she marries again. This time for Nikolai Punin, an art critic, with whom she lived the longest - 16 years. They parted in 1938, when Anna's son Lev Gumilyov was arrested. By the way, Lev spent 10 years in the camps.

Hard years of biography

When he was first imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 most difficult months in prison queues, bringing parcels to her son. This period of life forever crashed into her memory.

One day a woman recognized her and asked if she, as a poet, could describe all the horror experienced by the mothers of the innocently convicted. Anna answered in the affirmative and at the same time began work on her most famous poem, Requiem. Here is a small extract from there:

I've been screaming for seventeen months
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.

Everything is messed up,
And I can't make out
Now who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long to wait for the execution.

During the First World War, Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable with what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, she was still waiting ahead - the bloodiest in the history of mankind.

In the 1920s, a growing movement of emigration began. All this had a very hard effect on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad.

One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it this way:

I'm going abroad the day after tomorrow. I'm going to Akhmatova - to say goodbye.

Akhmatova holds out her hand to me.

- Are you leaving? Bow down from me.

- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?

- No. I will not leave Russia.

But it's getting harder and harder to live!

Yes, it's getting harder.

- Can become quite unbearable.

- What to do.

- You won't leave?

- I'm not leaving.

In the same year, she wrote a famous poem that drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:

I am not with those who left the earth
At the mercy of enemies.
I will not heed their rude flattery,
I won't give them my songs.

But the exile is eternally pitiful to me,
Like a prisoner, like a patient
Dark is your road, wanderer,
Wormwood smells of someone else's bread.

Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban that no publishing house should publish any of Akhmatova's works because of their "anti-nationality".

In a brief biography, it is impossible to convey the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.

Having learned what fame and recognition are, she was forced to drag out a miserable, half-starved existence, in complete oblivion. At the same time, realizing that her friends abroad are regularly published and deny themselves little.

The voluntary decision not to leave, but to suffer with her people - this is the truly amazing fate of Anna Akhmatova. During these years, she was interrupted by random translations of foreign poets and writers and, in general, lived extremely poorly.

Creativity Akhmatova

But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the beginning of the creative biography of the future star in the sky of Russian poetry.

Three years later, a new collection of "Rosary" appears, which was printed in the amount of 1000 pieces.

Actually, from this moment, the nationwide recognition of Akhmatova's great talent begins.

In 1917, the world saw a new book with poems "The White Flock". It was published twice as large in circulation, through the previous collection.

Among the most significant works of Akhmatova, one can mention the "Requiem", written in 1935-1940. Why is this poem considered one of the greatest?

The fact is that she displays all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones due to human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.

In 1941, Akhmatova wandered hungry around Leningrad. According to some eyewitnesses, she looked so bad that a woman, stopping near her, handed her alms with the words: "Take Christ for the sake of it." One can only imagine what Anna Andreyevna felt at that time.

However, before the blockade began, she was evacuated to where she met with (see). This was their only meeting.

A short biography of Akhmatova does not allow to show in all details the essence of her amazing poems. They seem to be talking to us alive, conveying and revealing many aspects of the human soul.

It is important to emphasize that she wrote not only about the individual as such, but considered the life of the country and its fate as a biography of a single person, as a kind of living organism with its own virtues and morbid inclinations.

A subtle psychologist and a brilliant connoisseur of the human soul, Akhmatova managed to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.

Death and memory

On March 5, 1966, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow. On the fourth day, the coffin with her body was delivered to Leningrad, where a funeral took place at the Komarovsky cemetery.

In honor of the outstanding Russian poetess, many streets in the former republics of the Soviet Union are named. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.

In 1982, a minor planet was discovered, which received its name in her honor - Akhmatova.

When Akhmatova's father found out that his seventeen-year-old daughter began to write poetry, he asked "not to shame his name."

Her first husband Gumilev says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, (see) taught him the phrase: "My dad is a poet, and my mom is a hysteric."

When a poetic company had gathered in Tsarskoye Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.

Nikolai Gumilev was very angry, and Akhmatova was delighted and began to kiss her son, saying: “Clever, Leva, you are right, your mother is hysterical!” At that time, Anna Andreevna did not yet know what kind of life lay ahead of her, and what century was coming to replace the Silver Age.

The poetess kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.

Anna Akhmatova in the early 1960s

Akhmatova was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965, but it was ultimately awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov (see). Not so long ago it became known that initially the committee considered the option of dividing the prize between them. But then they still stopped at Sholokhov.

Two of Akhmatova's sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived for 76 years.

Lying down in a sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes, she left a short phrase: "It is a pity that there is no Bible."

We hope that this biography of Akhmatova answered all the questions you had about her life. We strongly recommend that you use the search on the Internet and read at least selected poems by the poetic genius Anna Akhmatova.

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Celebrity biography - Anna Akhmatova

Anna Akhmatova (Anna Gorenko) is a Russian and Soviet poetess.

Childhood

Anna was born in a large family on June 23, 1889. She will take the creative pseudonym "Akhmatova" in memory of the legends about her Horde roots.

Anna spent her childhood in Tsarskoe Selo near St. Petersburg, and every summer the family went to Sevastopol. At the age of five, the girl learned to speak French, but studying at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, where Anna entered in 1900, was difficult for her.

Akhmatova's parents divorced when she was sixteen years old. Mom, Inna Erazmovna, takes the children to Evpatoria. The family did not stay there for long, and Anna is finishing her studies in Kyiv. In 1908, Anna becomes interested in jurisprudence and decides to study further at the Higher Women's Courses. The result of the training was knowledge of Latin, which later allowed her to learn Italian.

Baby photos of Anna Akhmatova

The beginning of the creative path

Passion for literature and poetry began with Akhmatova since childhood. She wrote her first poem at the age of 11.

For the first time, Anna's works were published in 1911 in newspapers and magazines, and a year later the first collection of poems "Evening" was published. The poems were written under the influence of the loss of two sisters who died of tuberculosis. Her husband Nikolai Gumilyov helps to publish poems.

Young poetess Anna Akhmatova

Career

In 1914, the Rosary collection was released, which made the poetess famous. It is becoming fashionable to read Akhmatova's poems, young Tsvetaeva and Pasternak admire them.

Anna continues to write, new collections "White Flock", "Plantain" appear. The poems reflected Akhmatova's feelings about the First World War, the revolution, the civil war. In 1917, Anna falls ill with tuberculosis and recovers for a long time.

Starting in the twenties, Anna's poems began to be criticized, censored as inappropriate to the era. In 1923, her poems cease to be printed.

The thirties of the twentieth century become a difficult test for Akhmatova - her husband Nikolai Punin and son Lev are arrested. Anna spends a long time near the Kresty prison. During these years, she writes the poem "Requiem", dedicated to the victims of repression.

In 1939, the poetess was accepted into the Union of Soviet Writers.
During the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova was evacuated from Leningrad to Tashkent. There she creates poems of military subjects. After the blockade is lifted, he returns to his hometown. During the crossings, many works of the poetess were lost.

In 1946, Akhmatova was removed from the Writers' Union after her work was sharply criticized in a resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. At the same time as Anna, Zoshchenko is also being criticized. Akhmatova was restored in the Writers' Union in 1951 at the suggestion of Alexander Fadeev.

The poetess reads a lot, writes articles. The time in which she worked left an imprint on her work.

In 1964, Akhmatova was awarded the Etna-Taormina Prize in Rome for her contribution to world poetry.
The memory of the Russian poetess was immortalized in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Tashkent. There are streets named after her, monuments, memorial plaques. During the life of the poetess, her portraits were painted.

Portraits of Akhmatova: artists Natan Altman and Olga Kardovskaya (1914)

Personal life

Akhmatova was married three times. Anna met her first husband Nikolai Gumilyov in 1903. They married in 1910 and divorced in 1918. The marriage with her second husband Vladimir Shileiko lasted 3 years, the last husband of the poetess Nikolai Punin spent a long time in prison.

In the photo: the poetess with her husband and son

Lyovushka with his famous mother

Son Leo was born in 1912. Spent over ten years in prison. He was offended by his mother, believing that she could help to avoid imprisonment, but did not.

Lev Gumilyov spent almost 14 years in prisons and camps, in 1956 he was rehabilitated and found not guilty on all counts.

Of the interesting facts, one can note her friendship with the famous actress Faina Ranevskaya. On March 5, 1966, Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow, in Domodedovo. She was buried near Leningrad at the Komarovsky cemetery.

Grave of Anna Akhmatova