Okhotny Ryad street. Contacts Revolution Square Okhotny Ryad

Revolution square - one of the central squares of Moscow, located between Manezhnaya and the squares in the very heart of the city.

Due to its proximity to the Moscow Kremlin, Revolution Square is one of the most famous Moscow squares, however, in itself it is of absolutely no interest - it is just an empty passage space, which is uninteresting and even unpleasant in places.

The square now has two architectural dominants: the former (now it houses the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812) - a noticeable monument of pseudo-Russian architecture, which faces it with its central facade - and a side building ; in fact, most of the area is the widest corridor between them. The architectural ensemble of the square also includes the Metropol Hotel, located on neighboring squares, but in fact closing the perspective of Revolution Square. From the side of the Metropol Hotel, the lobby of the Teatralnaya metro station opens onto Revolution Square, surrounded by a remake parodying the Kitai-Gorod wall with a tower; In front of the false wall, a café building with a giant summer veranda on a raised podium was built. In essence, Revolution Square is a typical metro access area that could have appeared in any area, but appeared in the historical center surrounded by architectural monuments.

At the side building of the Moscow Hotel there are a number of benches for city residents to relax, but they usually do not sit on them. Fortunately, city festivals are often held on the square, otherwise it would be just a giant asphalt field.

History of Revolution Square

In the past, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the territory of modern Revolution Square. In the 16th century, the river at this place was dammed, and on its bank there was a mill with flour shops, as well as a number of residential and commercial buildings - in general, a rather chaotic space.

In 1534-1538, the Kitai-Gorod wall was erected along the left bank of the Neglinnaya, and in 1595 the stone Resurrection Bridge was thrown from here, which breathed new life into the territory: shopping extensions grew around it, and the Resurrection Gate became one of the main entrances to Red Square, but in general, the development remained rather chaotic. In 1707-1708, when Moscow was being prepared for a possible attack by the Swedes, by order of Peter I, earthen bastions were erected between the wall of Kitay-Gorod and Neglinnaya.

The formation of the square took place at the beginning of the 19th century: after the fire of 1812, when Neglinnaya was put into an underground pipe and the bastions were dismantled, the dilapidated buildings were demolished, and in its place appeared Voskresenskaya Square, so named because of the proximity of the Resurrection Gate of Kitay-Gorod.

In 1879, in the northern part of the square, the house of the merchant Karzinkin was built, in which the “Big Moscow Hotel” with a tavern was located: over the years, the establishment was visited by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Ivan Bunin, Alexander Blok and other famous cultural figures. In 1890-1892, on the site of the former Government places, the building of the Moscow City Duma in the pseudo-Russian style grew up, and in 1899-1902 the Metropol Hotel was built by Savva Mamontov.

The formation of the square was completed in 1968-1977, when instead of the remaining historical buildings opposite the pseudo-Russian building of the City Duma, the side building of the Moscow Hotel grew, and the square actually acquired a modern look.

During the October armed uprising of 1917, fierce battles took place on Voskresenskaya Square, in memory of which it was renamed Revolution square.

Monument to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

It is curious that in 1918 a monument to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was erected on Revolution Square, which - probably due to the use of short-lived materials - lasted only a few years.

According to the design of the sculptor Mezentsev, the founders of Marxism were depicted behind a high platform, which resembled a barrel and evoked unhealthy associations: as if Marx and Engels were climbing out of a large bath together (this, of course, greatly amused contemporaries). Later, separate monuments were erected in Moscow for each of them, but the paired sculpture never appeared in the city.

Among other things, on Revolution Square there is an entrance to the underground , built around the foundations of the Resurrection Bridge found during excavations. The cash register pavilion is located near the Moscow Hotel, opposite the Resurrection Gate.

Revolution square is located in the Tverskoy district of Moscow between Manezhnaya and Teatralnaya squares. You can get to it on foot from metro stations "Revolution square" Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, "Theatrical" Zamoskvoretskaya and "Okhotny Ryad" Sokolnicheskaya.

	Beer Restaurant, Beer Bar, Pub, Beer House
	Beer Cuisine, European Cuisine, Sausages, Steaks, Grill
Chef	Titov Dmitry
	109012, Russia, Moscow, Teatralnaya square, building 5, building 2
	Teatralnaya, Revolution Square, Okhotny Ryad
Landmarks	Red Square, Moscow Kremlin, Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin, State Duma, State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia, State Academic Maly Theater, State Historical Museum, Museum of Archeology of Moscow, GUM, TSUM, Okhotny Ryad Shopping Complex, Metropol Hotel, National Hotel, Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Ararat Park Hyatt Hotel, Hotel Marriott Royal Aurora, Gostiny Dvor
	7 495 983-00-92
Opening hours	11:00 - 24:00 (daily)
Average score	1000-1500 rubles per person
Form of payment	Cash, Non-cash, Visa, Master Card
	Yes, free
	Foreign hits of the 70-90s
Parking	There are a large number of paid and free parking lots near the restaurant.

road map

beer restaurant Burgomeister · Burgermeister beer restaurant

Metro

how to get by public transport to the beer restaurant Burgomaster

Metro Teatralnaya(Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow metro "Green") - The last car from the center (if you go from the outer metro stations: Krasnogvardeyskaya, Domodedovskaya, Orekhovo, Tsaritsyno, etc.) or the first car to the center (if you go from the outer metro stations: Rechnoy Vokzal , Vodny Stadium, Voykovskaya, Sokol, etc.), exit to the city to the Metropol Hotel, GUM. Go up the escalator, turn left, exit into the city. Walk straight 100 meters. Welcome to the Burgomaster beer restaurant in the very center of Moscow.

Metro Revolution square (Arbasko-Pokrovskaya line of the Moscow metro "Blue") - The last car from the center (if you go from the outer metro stations: Strogino, Krylatskoye, Molodezhnaya, Kuntsevskaya, etc.) or the first car to the center (if you go from the outer metro stations: Shchelkovskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Izmailovskaya, Partizanskaya, etc.), access to the city to the Metropol Hotel, GUM. Go up the escalator, to the right, out into the city. Walk straight 100 meters. Welcome to the Burgomaster beer restaurant in the very center of Moscow.

by car

how to get to the beer restaurant Burgomaster by car

Car by st. Tverskaya- Drive to the center, stay in the right lane closer to the center, at the traffic light in front of Manezhnaya Square, turn left (only left is allowed there) onto the street. Okhotny Ryad, drive in the second right lane, until the first traffic light in front of the Metropol Hotel, turn right at the traffic light. Drive straight 200 meters. Welcome to the Burgomaster beer restaurant in the very center of Moscow.

Car by st. Mokhovaya- Drive straight, stay in the right lane, at the traffic lights before turning onto the street. Tverskaya, go straight along the street. Okhotny Ryad, drive in the second right lane, until the first traffic light in front of the Metropol Hotel, turn right at the traffic light. Drive straight 200 meters. Welcome to the Burgomaster beer restaurant in the very center of Moscow.

Okhotny Ryad Street

The name “Okhotny Ryad” speaks of the distant antiquity of this area. The first information about it dates back to the 15th century. Even then it was densely populated, as evidenced by the two churches standing here almost next to each other at that time: the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406 (it was located in the middle of the square), and the Church of Anastasia, built in 1458 (it stood opposite the exit to Bolshaya Dmitrovka). Both churches had cemeteries. To the north of them, the area was just being developed (not long before there had been arable land and fields here, so the first church was designated “near the old fields”); to the south, development could not develop, since here, on modern Revolution Square, the Neglinnaya River flowed at that time, which overflowed during floods and during heavy rains and flooded the entire place subsequently occupied in Soviet times by the Moscow Hotel and the Council House Ministers of the USSR.

At the end of the 15th century, a large trade road to Novgorod passed along the route of modern Tverskaya Street from Red Square, which contributed to the emergence and development of inns and forges in the described area. The decree of Ivan III on the formation of free space at a distance of 110 fathoms from the fortress walls probably affected it only after the construction of the walls of Kitai-Gorod in 1534–1538, since in the first plans-drawings of Moscow in the 17th century this area is shown almost undeveloped, occupied by three shopping arcades: Flour, Zhitny and Malt. These rows ran parallel to the flow of the Neglinnaya River and, starting at modern Tverskaya Street, reached the middle of Teatralnaya Square. Between the Flour Row, closest to the Neglinnaya River, and the middle Zhitny Row in the middle of the 17th century, there was a large road from Red Square through the beginning of Tverskaya to the modern Teatralnaya Square, to Teatralny Proezd, to Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka, Meshchanskaya streets and further to the White Sea. This road became a trade road at the end of the 16th century, replacing the old Novgorod road.

From the middle of the 16th century, on the northern side of the modern Okhotny Ryad there were already courtyards of nobles, which is undoubtedly connected with the move of Ivan the Terrible in 1565 from the Kremlin to the Oprichnina Courtyard, located on Mokhovaya Street on the site of the current university (new building) and its library. At the end of the 17th century, on the corner with Tverskaya Street there was the courtyard of the boyar Prince Dolgorukov, next to it there was the courtyard and stone chambers of the favorite of the ruler Sophia Alekseevna, the boyar Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Next to his courtyard, closer to Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, there was the courtyard and stone chambers of the chief of the Streltsy troops under Peter I - boyar Prince I.B. Troekurov, and on the site of the House of Unions - the courtyard of the neighboring boyar and governor of Obdorsk (1678) V. S. Volynsky.

In the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troekurov tried to outdo each other in the splendor of the chambers and built the first two-story, and the second three-story stone houses. The chambers of Prince V.V. Golitsyn were especially magnificent. “In his vast Moscow house,” wrote the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “everything was arranged in a European manner: in the large halls, the partitions between the windows were filled with large mirrors, paintings and portraits of Russian and foreign sovereigns and German geographical maps hung on the walls. gilded frames; The planetary system was painted on the ceilings, and many artistic clocks and thermometers completed the decoration of the rooms. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets; the platbands of the windows and doors on the outside were decorated with stone carvings. In the house of Prince V.V. Golitsyn, the most educated man of his time, who spoke several foreign languages, one met both passing foreigners of various directions, up to the Jesuits... inclusive, and advanced elements of Russian society.” By a strange irony of fate, Prince V.V. Golitsyn found himself in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, while in spirit he was the person closest to his reforms. As a follower of Sophia, he was condemned by Peter and exiled to Yarensk, then to Pustoozersk, and in 1711 to Pinega, near which he died in 1713. He was buried in the Krasnogorsk monastery.

Since the 16th century, on the other side of the square, that is, on modern Manezhnaya, stood the Moiseevsky Convent with a cemetery. In the 17th century, the monastery had several huts and stoves along Tverskaya Street, in which nuns sold pancakes and other food.

The great fire of 1737 destroyed the wooden shops of the Flour, Zhitny and Malt rows that existed in Okhotny Ryad, and they were never rebuilt. The owners of the northern side of the square - princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky (the latter owned the courtyard that previously belonged to prince V.V. Golitsyn) seized the places of the shops, cutting them into their courtyards. On this land stood in the middle of the 18th century, with its door facing Tverskaya Street, a wooden “fartina” (tavern), popularly known as the “Wooden Jump”, and there were also wooden “barbers”. In the middle of the square, on the land of the Paraskeva Church, even before the fire, since 1732, its stone bell tower stood. Although since 1723 Peter I had prohibited burying the dead at churches in the city center, cemeteries at the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia still remained.

After the fire of 1737, on the site where the Moscow Hotel later appeared in Soviet times, the treasury built a New Mint on the site of 140 burnt shops. In the mid-18th century, it consisted of a stone one-story building near Tverskaya Street (“presence”) and a stone barn to the east, which served as a warehouse. The construction of the New Mint here is due to the fact that the monetary yards, where silver and copper coins were minted, transferred from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 1719, were again restored in Moscow in 1727, but in a new location. However, the minting of coins in Moscow did not last long, and in 1742 the coinage was again transferred to St. Petersburg. Then the Berg College settled at the New Mint in Okhotny Ryad.

Between the lands of the former trading rows occupied by the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky and the Paraskeva Church, and the New Mint from Tverskaya Street there was Petrovskaya Street, about six fathoms wide, paved with wood. From the northwestern corner of the Moscow Hotel, it ran diagonally across the square to the southeastern corner of the modern House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, passed in front of the House of Unions and the Okhotny Ryad metro station, and then diagonally crossed the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater and flowed into modern Petrovka street.

When this street crossed to the north-eastern part, approximately in the middle of the modern Okhotny Ryad, an unnamed lane branched off directly to the east.

Between Petrovskaya Street and this lane, from its beginning to the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in the middle of the 18th century there were several wooden shops called “Okhotny Ryad”, although the main part of the latter was still on modern Manezhnaya Square. A lane from Bolshaya Dmitrovka south to the Neglinnaya River separated this Okhotny Ryad from the Church of Anastasia and its cemetery. The lane after the church was called “Nastasinsky”.

In the 17th century, Okhotny Ryad was located on modern Revolution Square, on the site of the current Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitay-Gorod and the Neglinnaya River. But after Peter I took this place in 1707–1708 for earthen bastions and a moat, Okhotny Ryad was moved by him to modern Manezhnaya Square, to the Moiseevsky Monastery. Okhotny Ryad was cramped here, and after the fire of 1737, some of its shops were moved to the site of the Malt and Zhitny Ryads (opposite the House of Unions), where we find them in the middle of the 18th century. The shops were called “Okhotny Ryad” because they sold chickens, geese and other domestic and wild birds.

In 1745, Okhotny Ryad consisted of 22 small wooden shops (no more than 4–5 meters each), standing in three rows. However, the eastern part of the row, near the alley from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, was no longer occupied by shops, but by a courtyard with wooden huts of Prince V.M. Dolgorukov, the owner of the house opposite (the current House of Unions).

The former courtyard of Prince I.B. Troekurov, located nearby, faced Petrovskaya Street with a stone fence, with a gate in the middle and two two-story stone outbuildings on the sides. It belonged to Guard Major N.F. Sokovnin. The next courtyard, the former of V.V. Golitsyn, and at that time - of the Gruzinsky princes, faced the street with a large stone two-story building in the middle and a small one on the western side; between one and the other there was a gate. The part of the courtyard to the east of the large building facing the street was given over to the clergy of the Paraskeva Church and was built up with stone and wooden buildings. Finally, the courtyard of Prince A.B. Dolgorukov on the corner of Tverskaya had a stone house church at the very corner, a gate near it and then a stone fence. The chambers of this prince, stone, with wooden wings on the sides, stood in the depths of the courtyard, on the same row with the former chambers of princes V.V. Golitsyn and I.B. Troekurov.

On the site of the house to the east of the Moscow Hotel there was a state-owned drinking house called “Glass”, and across Nastasinsky Lane, to the east of it, there were “architect’s chambers” - a workshop and school of “architect” students of the outstanding architect of the mid-18th century D. V. Ukhtomsky. Next to them, opposite the Church of Anastasia, stood another fartine.

If we add that nearby, on modern Teatralnaya Square, there was a tavern called “Petrovskoe Kruzhal”, then it becomes clear that this was a very cheerful place.

According to the plan for the “regulation” of Moscow in 1775, all buildings between the Mint and the northern courtyards, on the site of lands seized by the princes in 1737, were required to be demolished and the square “opened” here. The shops of Okhotny Ryad, as well as the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia with bell towers, cemeteries and church buildings were subject to demolition.

In 1786, they began to carry out this plan, for which, first of all, they compensated the princes-homeowners for the lands taken from them with lands in other places. The homeowners, however, argued and the matter dragged on. The clergy also argued. By 1793, the Anastasia Church, the bell tower of the Paraskeva Church and other buildings had only been demolished, and the square was “opened”. The Church of Paraskeva was not demolished, since “it was strong in all parts and beautiful,” according to Metropolitan Platon, and stood not in the middle of the square, but to the side. To replace the demolished bell tower, a new one was added to it from the west.

The Okhotny Ryad shops, of which there were already 41 by 1775, also did not disappear, but were only moved from the middle of the square to its southern side, to the wall of the former Mint. We find them there at the end of the 18th century.

Regulation of the area according to the plan of 1775 continued on the other side of Tverskaya Street. Standing since the 16th century on the corner of Mokhovaya Street, opposite the modern National Hotel, the Moiseevsky Monastery was abolished back in 1765, but its churches, cells and other buildings were demolished only in 1789. Nine years after this, in 1798, the Meat (Okhotny) Row shops and private courtyards that stood behind the monastery were demolished, and Moiseevskaya Square was opened here - a small one that remained until 1935, and then became part of the territory of Manezhnaya Square.

In 1798, the chief police chief of Moscow, Major General P. N. Kaverin, in return for his demolished small courtyard, was given ownership of the vast former New Mint (on the site of the Moscow Hotel) with the condition that he would place Okhotny Ryad shops in this courtyard, removed from Moiseevskaya Square. Kaverin fulfilled his obligation, built several rows of wooden benches in the courtyard and placed Okhotny Ryad in them.

The plan of 1805 shows that by this time General Kaverin had added two floors to the corner building of the former “presence” of the Mint, built instead of a dilapidated wooden house between two stone ones, a third stone building, three more stone ones - on the western, southern and eastern sides of the yard, and along the southern border has two rows of six long wooden buildings. It must be assumed that Okhotny Ryad was mainly located here.

In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops in Okhotny Ryad burned down. General Kaverin did not want to renew them and in 1815 sold his yard to the Moscow 1st Guild merchant, owner of the “change shop” (banker) D. A. Lukhmanov.

He built stone buildings along all the boundaries of the courtyard - shopping arcades, inextricably linked with each other. On three sides, except the eastern one, gates led into the courtyard - from Tverskaya, from Okhotny Ryad and from the Kurmanleeva yard on modern Revolution Square. To the south, opposite the last gate, a stone building was built in the middle of the courtyard. Adjoining it from the west was a wooden canopy, “under which they sell fish.”

After Okhotny Ryad Square was formed in 1793 and trading moved from its middle to the southern borders, it also moved to neighboring courtyards; the latter began to be built up with commercial premises, mainly warehouses, storerooms and taverns. There were shops and warehouses everywhere on the first floors, cellars below them, and housing on the second and third floors.

House No. 1 (now in its place is Tverskaya Street) was built up on all sides of the yard and in the middle.

The neighboring house, No. 3 of the Gruzinsky Princes, in two buildings facing the street, was occupied by shops.

House No. 5 (Paraskeva's church) and house No. 7 (its clergy) remained without noticeable changes. House No. 9 (formerly Prince I.B. Troekurov in the 17th century) in 1815 passed to the Moscow petty bourgeois society, which used the main building and its outbuildings for rental - for housing and warehouses, and later - for cabs standing in the yard.

House No. 11 on the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka was rebuilt in 1784 by the famous architect M. F. Kazakov for Field Marshal Prince V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky. But the owner died in 1782, and the house was purchased in 1784 from his son for a noble club - the “Noble Assembly of Nobles”. In its wonderful Hall of Columns, noble meetings, receptions of kings, charity evenings, concerts and balls were held. The noble assembly of the nobility is depicted in A.P. Chekhov’s story “The French Ball.”

House No. 46 opposite it, on the southern side of Okhotny Ryad (Nos. 4-44 had shops near the former Mint), belonged from the 18th century until the October Revolution to the Patrikeev merchants, who at the beginning of the 19th century also built it up with shops and trading premises.

Next to it, house No. 48 until the 1830s belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Pavlov and was used as shops. This courtyard was formed in 1818, after the redevelopment of Teatralnaya Square, on the site of part of Nastasinsky Lane, which was destroyed at the same time.

The Okhotny Ryad shops sold mainly meat, fish, herbs, poultry, live and killed, as well as eggs, etc.

In the corner building on Tverskaya Street No. 1/12 (now part of Tverskaya Street), at that time the best confectionery shop in the city, Pedotti, and the best bakery, Wessel, were located. There were also two hotels (out of seven that existed in Moscow) - Shevaldysheva and Paris.

Back in 1786, the Tverskoe Kruzhal fartina (formerly the Wooden Jump), which became famous for its choral songs, was moved to this house back in 1786. Then it was replaced by the “Constantinople Tavern,” named after its Greek owner from Constantinople. In 1848, the tavern already bore the name “Paris” and was eagerly visited by the Moscow intelligentsia.

Diagonally from this house, on the corner of Moiseevskaya Square, opposite the modern National Hotel, there was the famous Pechkina coffee shop (later the Novomoskovsky tavern). In the 1830-1840s it was considered the most witty place in Moscow. Herzen, Belinsky, Gogol, Shchepkin, Lensky, Mochalov, Sadovsky and others spent their evenings here.

In general, around Okhotny Ryad at that time and later there were the best taverns in Moscow (Egorov, Baranova, Testov, etc.).

Probably in connection with the permission to occupy the area of ​​Okhotny Ryad for an imported market is the fact that in the 1820s, on the site of Okhotny Ryad of the 18th century, between the Paraskeva Church and the house of the Noble Assembly, the “Bird Row” appeared - shops and huts with cages of songbirds birds. Only in 1840 it was removed from here to Trubnaya Square.

In the second half of the 19th century, trade in Okhotny Ryad flourished so much that the courtyards of houses facing the square began to be built up with shops and warehouses. This was especially noticeable at house No. 1/12 on the corner of Tverskaya and at house No. 2/10, the former Mint. The first received the addition of a third floor to all two-story buildings and the construction of two courtyards formed in it at the beginning of the 19th century with buildings in the middle of them. This was accomplished by the merchant Komissarov, into whose hands the house passed in 1873 and was with his heirs until the revolution.

House No. 2/10 in 1892 passed into the hands of Lukhmanov’s heirs and from them to the merchant Zhuravlev, who rebuilt it in order to obtain more income from the house. Along all four sides of the courtyard there were two-story buildings with cellars, shops on the first floor and storerooms on the second. In the middle of the courtyard, on the site of the cesspools, well and shed for trading fish, he built a huge (26×10 fathoms) two-story building, on the top floor of which there was a tavern. The construction of all buildings was completed in 1898. The last act of use of this house by the owner was the installation in 1911 of refrigerators for storing meat, fish, etc., with special refrigeration machines, under the eastern half of the yard.

Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, on Okhotny Ryad Square, opposite the stone shops on its southern side, a row of wooden ones appeared, selling fruits, vegetables and herbs.

House No. 3 opposite, which belonged to the princes and princes of Georgia for two centuries, passed into the hands of the merchant Barakov, who traded in smoked hams, in 1889.

The “glory” of the Okhotnoryad traders was complemented by the “glory” of the Yegorovsky tavern in Okhotny Ryad. It was located in house No. 48 and, together with the house, belonged to the merchant Egorov since 1868. The tavern was famous for serving tea “with alimon” and “with a towel.” If a visitor expressed a desire to drink tea “with alimon,” he was served two glasses of tea with sugar and lemon. If he demanded tea “with a towel,” he was given a tea cup, a teapot with boiling water and another small one for brewing tea, as well as a towel, which the visitor hung around his neck. After he drained the first kettle of boiling water, wiping his forehead and neck with a towel, he was given a second, third, etc. Some seasoned merchants, tea lovers, drank several kettles in one sitting, and the towel became wet from sweat.

The “Polovoi” (waiters) in this tavern were dressed in long white Russian shirts, white trousers and belted with a cord. However, this was the style of all Moscow taverns.

In 1902, the tavern passed from old man Egorov to his son-in-law, Utkin-Egorov, who turned it into a first-class restaurant. Since the yard was small and all built up, in 1905 he obtained permission from the City Council to build a wine cellar under the square in front of the house. This basement was discovered during the construction of a subway tunnel in 1934.

At the end of the 19th century, amateurs organized “cockfights” in the courtyards and slums of Okhotny Ryad. Each one came with his own rooster and let it down to fight with others. The roosters fought, blood oozed, feathers flew, and the spectators eagerly watched whose rooster would emerge victorious; “fans” sometimes bet hundreds of rubles. The competition usually ended with one rooster beating the other to death.

Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the city center. Spoiling meat, fish, and herbs emitted a stench. The desire of the Okhotskaya Ryad residents to keep goods for sale until the last possible opportunity, washing them or flavoring them with various spices, increased the unsanitary conditions. All sanitary regulations were circumvented by bribing the police and agents of the City Government. For example, in house No. 2/10 in 1889, an illegal discharge of sewage into the Neglinnaya River was noticed, but no fine was imposed on the violators for this.

In the 1890s, in the same house, merchants arbitrarily set up bird slaughterhouses at their shops. But the City Council not only did not ban them, but even refused to issue a decree regulating the slaughter of birds here... “in view of the imminent resolution of the issue of establishing a bird slaughterhouse at the City Slaughterhouses.”

The huge income that merchants received from trading in Okhotny Ryad did not allow even the city to buy this quarter. When the City Council, shortly before the 1914 war, set out to buy it in order to build a new City Duma building here, the Okhotskaya Ryad residents asked for such a price that they had to give up.

After the revolution, the purge of Okhotny Ryad began. In 1924, the wooden benches that stood on the south side of the square, in front of the stone benches, were demolished. In 1930, the Paraskeva Church was demolished, and in 1936, on the site of dirty courtyards with commercial premises on both sides of the square, the monumental buildings of the Moscow Hotel and the House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR rose. The first building was built according to the design of Academician A.V. Shchusev, the second - according to the design of Professor Langman. All that remains of the old Okhotny Ryad is the building of the Noble Assembly.

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LVOVSKAYA STREET Lvovskaya Street runs from Piskarevsky Prospekt to Marshal Tukhachevsky Street. This street has been known since 1914, but its status and boundaries have changed. Originally it was Lvovsky Prospekt. It ran from Lvovsky Lane north to Annikov Avenue

From the author's book

MAGNITOGORSKAYA STREET Magnitogorskaya Street runs from Shaumyan Avenue to Energetikov Avenue. Its first name - Zubov Lane - was given on March 5, 1871, after the name of the homeowner, merchant Zubov, who owned several unpreserved houses south of the present

From the author's book

MALYGINA STREET Malygina Street goes from Sredneokhtinsky Prospekt to a dead end in the direction of Bolsheokhtinsky Prospekt. The original name - Alekseeva Street - has been known since 1828. In this form it existed until the 1920s, although since 1836 it was used in parallel

From the author's book

MANCHESTER STREET The street runs from Engels Avenue to Thorez Avenue. Its original name, Isakov Lane, has been known since 1896 and comes from the name of the owner of the Three Wells dacha, which stood at the beginning of the passage (now in its place is the building of the association

From the author's book

MGINSKAYA STREET The street runs along the southern border of the Volkovsky Lutheran Cemetery from the junction of Volkovsky Prospekt and the embankment of the Volkovka River to Samoilova Street. Its first name, Novaya, has been known since 1933. On July 10, 1950, the street was renamed Mginskaya in memory of the battles

From the author's book

YAKUBOVICH STREET This street is located in the very center of St. Petersburg. It runs between two squares - St. Isaac's and Truda. Over its history, the street has changed its name more than once. The first - Admiralteyskaya Street - was assigned on April 20, 1738. Then the street included a modern

From the author's book

YALTA STREET The name of this street in the Moscow region has existed since 1911. It was given for the Crimean city without any connection with this part of St. Petersburg. Initially, the street went east from the Baltic railway line, crossing the later filled-in

Revolution Square is one of the central squares of Moscow. Until 1918, the square was called Resurrection Square, named after the Voskresensky Gate of the same name.

Revolution Square is nothing special, such a simple small square in the center of a gray, polluted city, but... whatever one may say, this gray and nondescript city is the capital of the Russian Federation, and Revolution Square is one of the central squares of this capital, with thousands of tourists visiting each year and good statistics based on Wordstat results. Actually for this reason we talk about the area on the pages of this blog.

In the photo above, on the right, you can see the corner of the red brick building, this is Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812. Before the museum there is a yellow building - the entrance to the metro, right at the Ploshchad Revolyutsii and Teatralnaya metro stations. Next you can see the former defensive tower made of red brick and part of the wall of Kitay-Gorod.

Once upon a time, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the square; now it is enclosed in a collector.

The Revolution Square is located on the territory of the Tverskoy district of Moscow directly between and Teatralnaya Square. What is there between the two squares, it is within walking distance from Red Square, the Kremlin, the Mausoleum, the Eternal Flame and the Alexander Garden.

The easiest and fastest way to get to the square is by metro. You can get off at Teatralnaya, Okhotny Ryad or Revolution Square stations. If you want to get directly to the square itself, then it is best to choose the Teatralnaya metro station, or the one of the same name - Revolution Square. From Okhotny Ryad station you will have to walk about 30 meters.

Since we are talking about Okhotny Ryad, this station is located on Manezhnaya Square adjacent to Revolution Square. We talked about the Manezh Square in a previous article, take a look.

The photo shows the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the exit to Manezhnaya Square

If you turn your back to Revolution Square, you will see theatre square. It’s also nothing special or beautiful. At the end of Theater Square there is the famous Grand Theatre.

A large number of cafes and restaurants in the center of Moscow are concentrated on Revolution Square, with inadequately inflated prices corresponding to the capital. Here are located such restaurants as the Old Tower, Godunov, the Burgomaster beer restaurant, the Italian restaurant cafe La Cipolla, the Marinade cafe and many others.

The square offers views of Zaikonospassky Monastery And Church of the Epiphany

Zaikonospassky Monastery Moscow is a functioning Orthodox stauropegic monastery on Nikolskaya Street, in Kitay-Gorod. Before the October Revolution, it was a second-class stauropegial non-communal monastery and was called Spassky. It was also known as the “teacher’s” due to the creation within its walls of an educational school, which was later reorganized into the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, which became the basis of the Moscow Theological Academy.

Official website of the Zaikonospasskiy Monastery: zaikonospasskiy.ru.

Address of the Zaikonospassky Monastery: Russia, 103012, Moscow, st. Nikolskaya, 7-9 (m. Teatralnaya).

Church of the Epiphany or Epiphany Monastery in Moscow - a former monastery in Kitai-Gorod on Bogoyavlensky Lane.

If you go from Revolution Square to the alley behind the walls of the former Kitaygorod fortress wall, you can go out onto Nikolskaya Street to Nikolsky (Iversky) shopping arcades, and from there, turning right to Red Square, the Kremlin and GUM.

Nikolskaya Street is a small pedestrian street, on both sides of which there are buildings in the Art Nouveau style, with shops and restaurants on the first and ground floors, and in the center there are benches and lanterns of beautiful shapes.

Nikolsky shopping arcades have been restored, are quite clean and well-groomed, there is something to see. This is perhaps one of the places in Moscow where we can recommend taking a walk.

History of Revolution Square in Moscow

Initially, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the territory of the future Revolution Square. In 1516 the river was dammed. And on this site a water mill and flour shops arose. In the flour shops there was a lively trade in nothing more than flour.

In the 16th century, the first fortifications of the Chinese Wall were built around the future square. In 1534-1538, when the wall was completely erected, China Town arose. A gate called the Resurrection Gate opened onto the square itself.

In 1595, at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, a stone bridge of the same name was thrown across the Neglinka River at the Resurrection Gate. Over time, commercial buildings appeared nearby. Since then, market trade has been carried out on the bridge itself and next to it.

In the early 1700s, earthen bastions were erected in front of the Kitay-Gorod wall by order of Peter I, which at that time served as fortification and protection in case of a possible Swedish invasion.

In 1741, the Resurrection Bridge was rebuilt. And at the end of the 17th century, the Resurrection Gate was built with two hipped towers. At the same time, the Iveron Chapel appeared in front of the gate.

The currently known Revolution Square was formed only at the beginning of the 19th century, when the Neglinnaya River was drained and the bastions were demolished. The square was named Voskresenskaya in honor of the Resurrection Gate of Kitay-Gorod overlooking it.

Later, the Resurrection Bridge was covered with earth, and to the west of the square, on the site of the river bed, the Alexander Garden was located, which still exists today.

In 1879, on the northern side of the square, the house of the merchant Karzinkin was erected, in which a hotel was soon located. Later, Karzinkin's house was demolished.

In 1890-1892, a new building of the Moscow City Duma was erected on the site of the demolished building. From 1936 to 1993, the building housed the V.I. Lenin. And in 1993, the building was transferred to the State Historical Museum.

In 1917, during the October armed uprising, fierce battles took place on the square. It was in memory of these events that the square was renamed from Resurrection Square to Revolution Square.

In 1918, a monument to K. Marx and F. Engels was unveiled on Revolution Square, which lasted only a few years, as it was made of short-lived materials.

In 1935, the building of the Moscow Hotel was built; now the building houses a luxury hotel - the Four Seasons Hotel Moscow. In the 1970s, an extension was made to it.

In 1938, the metro stations “Sverdlov Square” (renamed Teatralnaya in 1990) and “Revolution Square” were opened, for which a common entrance pavilion was built. The common entrance pavilion of the Moscow metro is still in operation today.

In 1997, between Revolution and Manezhnaya squares, the Moscow Archeology Museum, located underground, was opened. One of the main exhibits of the museum is the foundation of the Resurrection Bridge found during excavations.

How we travel cheap!

I thoroughly prepared articles about the Moscow metro, including answers to questions of varying degrees of trickiness, and now, in order to be able to answer in an even more convenient way, I will make a kind of sidebar in the popular format of frequently asked questions. This faq will be useful as an addition to the following materials about navigational and toponymic problems of the metro.

What are "platform", "station" and "line"?
I didn’t even think that this question could cause difficulties, but for people who regularly use the metro (not only the Moscow one, all the cancer that we are talking about and will talk about, to one degree or another, applies to all metro stations of the Soviet origin) and are accustomed to the idiotic navigation and an equally idiotic naming system - everything is mixed together.

A station is a stopping point on the route of a train, the tasks of which, in the context of the metro, are the ability to change lines to continue the trip and exit into the city. A platform is an engineering structure designed to allow the train to stop and passengers to board and disembark. A line is, in general, a collection of stations between which direct travel is possible (in fact, not always, but this is not relevant now).

Lines can (and should) intersect and the point at which they intersect Necessarily there will be a station with platforms to which the tracks of the corresponding lines are connected. One station. With the number of platforms corresponding to the number of lines passing through the station.

What are transitions and how are they classified?
A transition is a structure that allows a station to perform one of its functions, namely, the ability to change lines and move on. No engineering features of the implementation (length, direction, escalators, transit through platforms) affect the purpose of the crossing - the ability to change the line. There is either a transition or there is not.

And why all these truisms?
And besides, the tradition of Soviet subways - giving each platform at a station its own name and considering it a separate station - is bad. The whole world, and any other transport in Russia, does not suffer from such a disease. Lines to Vladimir, Aleksandrov and Kurovskoye arrive at different platforms of the Orekhovo-Zuevo station, but no one thought of giving each platform a personal name, and on the Vladimir and Aleksandrovskaya lines there is an Orekhovo-Zuevo station. It’s time to start distinguishing between stations and platforms in the metro, and then fully appreciate all the convenience of the correct approach.

What is so right about this approach? They called it different things and no one died.
Logic and common sense are dead. First of all, this is just idiocy. Secondly, there is elementary logic in favor of calling interconnecting platforms of different lines one station with the same name. When, having arrived at the “station” Library named after. Lenin’s man goes out into the city from the lobby with the inscription “Borovitskaya”, logic gets sick and dies. Thirdly, our metro is impossible for visitors, especially from abroad, to use, because the rest of the world knows what a station is and does it like this:

It is more convenient to meet on platforms with different names.
And the turnstile on the bus makes you scratch your ass. A typical example of how people have learned to exploit the side effect of a bad decision. When meeting at normal stations, at Paveletskaya, for example, no one gets lost. Clarifications are needed in any case, so a meeting on the Paveletskaya green line is no better and no worse than a meeting on the Aviamotornaya line at the first car from the center or on the Kitay-Gorod station at the exit to Maroseyka.

The platforms have self-explanatory names. From the name it’s immediately clear where you can go from the platform to the city.
It's a bullshit. For such orientation you need to know Moscow very well. Few Muscovites know the city well, let alone newcomers? What does the name “Sports” mean? From Okhotny Ryad you can go not only to Okhotny Ryad, but also to Bolshaya Dmitrovka. Revolution Square is much closer to the exit from Teatralnaya than from Revolution Square, the exit from Turgenevskaya is on Chistoprudny Boulevard, and so on.

The design of the stations corresponds to the names.
This is probably mainly about Pushkinskaya. And in our collective farm on Proletarskaya Street there is a monument to Ryabushinsky and for some reason this does not bother anyone. There is nothing wrong with the design not matching the name. It’s much worse that the design of many metro stations does not correspond to their purpose: no matter where you hang the diagram, it still looks like alien shit.

At the node “Okhotny Ryad-Teatralnaya-Revolution Square” there is no (direct) transition from “Okhotny Ryad” to “Revolution Square”. It’s the same story with “Alexandrovsky Sad” and “Borovitskaya”, which means these are different stations.
The transition cannot be direct, indirect, intermittent, or anything else: it either exists or it does not. Tens of thousands of people daily move from Revolution Square to Okhotny Ryad: how is this possible with a missing crossing? What, “Teatralnaya” is on the way? Here is another negative effect of different names of platforms and the veneration of each platform as an independent station. Three lines pass through the station, which should logically be called “Red Square”: blue, red and green. And people make the transition to the line, and not to the station. If the transition from the red line to the blue line passes, among other things, along the platform of the green line of the same station, then this is a peculiarity of the transition, and in general, anything can be encountered along the way: escalators, platforms of other lines, long and short corridors, turns or stairs. A person making a transition from one line to another does not care: he moves from one line to another without changing the station and without going into the city.

More about “Okhotny Ryad-Teatralnaya-Revolution Square”. There is a passage 400 meters long, which means these are different stations. The transition can't be that long, can it?
It shouldn't, in theory. But it’s quite possible. Yes, for the Moscow metro the length of the transition from “Revolution Square” to “Okhotny Ryad” is a record one. And in the Tokyo metro there is a passage longer than 500 meters, but this does not create two stations. The transition fulfills the task: it makes it possible to change the line at the station. Another example is the Kursk Station railway station. To transfer from the Gorky train to the train to Podolsk, you need to walk from 200 to 500 meters, and along the way you will come across other platforms, payment control points, and you will even have to go into the station building and buy another ticket, but the station does not change . This is how the Kursk Station was, and remains so.

And if they dig a passage from the Alexander Garden to Okhotny Ryad, will the two stations become one?
The question that plunged me into despondency and despair: I cannot imagine organizing an underground pedestrian connection between stations. Namely stations, because a train runs between them. They will remain stations, and in this case, another metro idiocy will be added - a pedestrian backup for two lines at once. Or the first pedestrian metro line.

At stations, the platforms must be parallel and visible. What kind of station is this with perpendicular (or other) platforms?
Again, engineering implementation does not affect the intent. Digging so that all paths are visible and parallel is not only expensive, but also dangerous even for shallow stations. The nature of underground construction allows for greater freedom to place platforms in three dimensions, and they can indeed be positioned at 90-degree angles one above the other. The purpose of the station does not suffer from this: at it you can just change the line or go into the city.