The most influential women of the Krasnodar Territory. Kuban Cossacks: they raised children and fought on a par with men

Many Armavir residents, walking daily along Polina Osipenko Street, hurrying about their business, sometimes do not think that they are walking along the street, named more than 70 years ago in honor of one of the first women awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Street P. Osipenko stretched from the street. Khalturin to st. Krasny Yar. In terms of amenities and traffic intensity, it is not much different from most of the streets of our city: a quiet and calm life flows here with its own worries and troubles. New buildings are being built, flower beds are being laid out. Of course, there are problems with sidewalks and the roadway. The local architecture is represented by both one-story private buildings and apartment buildings built during three eras: Tsarist Russia, the Soviet period and in our time.
As evidenced by the materials of the historian and researcher Armavir S.N. Ktitorova, at the corner of Dzerzhinsky and P. Osipenko streets, a brick mansion has survived to this day, which belonged to Gevork Seferyants (Georgy Seferov), who was the rector of the Armenian Assumption Church in the pre-revolutionary period and in the first years of Soviet power. Then it was customary to settle the ministers of the church near the parish. In 1918, the headquarters of the Armavir regiment "Red Banner of Labor" was located in this house. Now this building is an architectural monument, belongs to the residential sector and is protected by the state.
Today, the street houses a children's art school, a kindergarten, a post office, a sports and recreation complex of the pedagogical academy. With other streets, it shares the plots of two secondary schools, the building of the military commissariat of the Krasnodar Territory for the city of Armavir, as well as the Armenian church.
Once upon a time, during the settlement of the then aul of Armavir, for some time the street, which today bears the name of P. Osipenko, was one of its borders. The current city, stretching far and wide with an area of ​​​​280 square meters. km, two centuries ago it was a territory within the modern streets of P. Osipenko, Chicherin and the banks of the Kuban River.
Before P. Osipenko Street got its usual name, our ancestors knew it under other names. Initially, the people simply called it "Glinka" Based on the nature of the soil. Later, a street named after the statesman and military leader, large landowner and entrepreneur, Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov, appeared on the map.
For almost 20 years of Soviet power, the street changed its name four times. For the first time in the Soviet period, it was named after the leader of the German and international workers' and socialist movement K. Liebknecht. Then she bore the name of a Bolshevik, editor of the newspapers Social Democrat and Pravda, author of works on economics and sociology N.I. Bukharin.
In 1937, the street was renamed in honor of the Soviet party and statesman Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov. He was the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the General Commissar of State Security, but for the rest of his life he remained in the memory of millions as the perpetrator of Stalin's repressions. Yezhov was in the position of head of the NKVD for only a year - 1937, but during this short period his name became a symbolic designation of repressions, and this period itself was popularly nicknamed "Yezhovshchina".
Subsequently, the street was named after a truly great woman. Polina Osipenko mastered the skills of a far from female pilot's profession. She confidently surfed the sky and set several women's records. Her non-stop flights made in 1938 along the following routes are best known: Sevastopol - Evpatoria - Ochakov - Sevastopol; Sevastopol - Arkhangelsk (2416 km were covered by seaplane in 10 hours); Moscow - the region of Komsomolsk-on-Amur (September 24 - 25, together with V.S. Grizodubova and M.M. Raskova, a distance of 6450 km was overcome in 26 hours 29 minutes).
We remember such a famous woman by naming the address of the house located on Polina Osipenko Street.
Polina Denisovna Osipenko (September 25 (October 8), 1907 - May 11, 1939) was born in the village of Novospasovka (now the village of Osipenko, Berdyansk district, Zaporozhye region). Soviet military pilot, major (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (11/2/1938). Member of the CPSU since 1932. She graduated from the Kachin Aviation School (1932), served in fighter aviation as a junior pilot and flight commander. Set five international women's records. Died in the line of duty. She was buried in Red Square near the Kremlin wall. She was awarded two Orders of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
st. P. Osipenko at different times:
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In recent years, contests such as "Name of Russia", "Military Glory of Russia" and so on have become quite popular in Russia in recent years, with the identification of historical figures, generals, cultural figures who played a special role in Russian history. Our small homeland, of course, has people who can be called "outstanding" without exaggeration. "Novaya Gazeta Kuban" decided to make its "top ten most prominent people of the Kuban"

The year 1793 was chosen as the starting point - the year of foundation of Yekaterinodar, the beginning of the development of the Kuban by the Cossacks. Of course, even earlier in the history of the Kuban one can find interesting pages, but still the Bosporan kings and Sarmatian leaders are hardly perceived as something of their own, close. We also decided to exclude historical figures from the list, whose outstanding role in the history of the Kuban is undeniable, but the deeds that made these figures historical nevertheless took place in other lands. So Catherine the Great, Alexander Suvorov, Georgy Zhukov, Mikhail Lermontov will also remain outside the scope of this list. I also note that this article will present my subjective view of those people who left the most noticeable mark in the history of the Kuban. For convenience, their list is laid out in chronological order - from the founding of the city to the present day.
Speaking about the Cossacks-Cossacks, who once laid the foundation for our city, it is difficult to single out any one person: what is not a name is already history, a legend, already a noticeable trace in the history of Ekaterinodar-Krasnodar. And yet, among all these Cossack chieftains, captains and Cossack foremen, I would especially single out the figure of a military judge - the chieftain of the Black Sea Cossack army, a brave warrior, a talented diplomat and organizer Anton Golovaty.

He was born in the family of a Little Russian foreman in the village of Novye Sanzhary in the Poltava region. He received a good education at home, which he continued in the Kyiv bursa, where his extraordinary abilities for sciences, languages, literary and musical gifts were manifested - Anton composed poems and songs, sang well and played the bandura. In 1757, Anton appeared in the Sich and enrolled in Kushchevsky (according to other sources, Vasyurinsky) kuren. In 1762, he was elected a kuren ataman. Then, thanks to this appointment, he was included in the delegation of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, who went to St. Petersburg for the celebrations on the occasion of the coronation of Catherine II, where he was introduced to the Empress. In 1768, he was appointed a military clerk, which corresponded to the rank of regimental foreman.
He took an active part in the sea campaigns of the Cossacks in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. At the end of the war, the result of which was the annexation of the lands between the Bug and the Dnieper to Russia, the Cossacks hoped to get some of these lands into their possession, in exchange for those Sich lands that the Russian government distributed to the landowners from Great Russia. Golovaty, as an experienced disputer in land matters, was included in the delegation of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks under the leadership of Sidor Bely to St. Petersburg in 1774. The delegation was supposed to petition the Empress for the return to the Cossacks of their former Sich lands - "liberties" - and giving them new "liberties". The delegation in St. Petersburg was in for a failure: in June 1775 the Sich was liquidated. Being at that moment outside the Sich (on the way from St. Petersburg to the Sich) saved the members of the delegation from punishment and disgrace.
During the trip of Catherine the Great to the Crimea, a deputation of former Cossacks, which included Anton Golovaty, petitioned the Empress in Kremenchug for the organization of the "Troops of Faithful Cossacks" from the former Cossacks. Consent was given. The army recruited "hunters" into two detachments - horse and foot (for service on Cossack boats). Golovaty was appointed head of the foot detachment. On January 22, 1788, he was chosen as a military judge of the entire newly created army - the second figure in the Cossack hierarchy after the military chieftain. With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-91, the army of faithful Cossacks took an active part in it. In the summer of 1788, the Cossack "gulls" under the command of Golovaty successfully proved themselves during the siege of Ochakov, after which the detachment of Cossack boats was transformed into the Black Sea Cossack flotilla, the command of which was entrusted to Golovaty. On November 7 of the same year, the Cossacks and their flotilla stormed the fortified island of Berezan, after the fall of which Ochakov was soon captured. For this, Golovaty was awarded his first award - in May 1789 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. And on November 24, 1789 Anton Golovaty was promoted to Cossack colonel.
After the conclusion of peace, the army of loyal Cossacks was granted new Russian lands, obtained as a result of the war, along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Bug rivers, and the army itself was renamed the Black Sea Cossack army. However, the allocated land was not enough for the Black Sea people, and in 1792, at the head of the Cossack delegation, Golovaty went to the capital with the aim of presenting Catherine II with a petition for granting lands to the Black Sea Cossack army in the Taman region and the "vicinities", in exchange for the selected Sich lands. Golovaty asked to allocate land to the army not only in Taman and the Kerch Peninsula (which Potemkin had already agreed to in 1788), but also land on the right bank of the Kuban River, which was then not inhabited by anyone. Golovaty's education and diplomacy played a role in the success of the enterprise: at the audience, he spoke Latin and managed to convince Catherine of the general benefit of such a resettlement - the Black Sea Cossacks were granted lands in Taman and Kuban "in eternal and hereditary possession."
Upon arrival in the Kuban, until the very autumn, Golovaty was engaged in the demarcation of military land and the construction of his own house. In the fall, together with the military clerk Timofey Kotyarevsky, he compiled the Black Sea Civil Code "The Order of the Common Benefit", according to which the region was divided into 40 kurens. In January 1794, the first military council met in the new homeland. It approved the "Order ...", approved the name of the regional capital - Yekaterinodar, the kuren chieftains by casting lots - lyasov - received kuren allotments.
In 1794, the military ataman Zakhary Chepega was sent with a regiment of Cossacks to suppress the Polish uprising. Golovaty remained the first person in the army. He was engaged in the construction of a military harbor for the Cossack flotilla in the Kiziltash estuary and helped the regular Russian army in the construction of the Phanagoria fortress. Golovaty also took care to attract professional builders, artisans, teachers, doctors and pharmacists from Little Russia.
In 1796, Golovaty received the rank of brigadier and took part in the Russian campaign against Persia under the command of Valerian Zubov. On February 26, 1796, the regiments set out on a campaign from Ekaterinodar to Astrakhan, where they were put on ships and departed for Baku by the Caspian Sea. Golovaty was entrusted with the command of the Caspian flotilla and the landing troops attached to it. In mid-November of the same year, commander Fyodor Apraksin dies. Golovaty was appointed in his place - the commander of the ground forces and the Caspian flotilla. After the death of Catherine, Paul ordered that this military campaign be stopped and the expedition returned to Russia. Diseases began in the detachment, which claimed the lives of many Cossacks, including their chief. At that moment, in the capital of the Black Sea Cossacks, Yekaterinodar, the military ataman Zakhary Chepega died. Golovaty was elected ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army by the Cossacks. He never found out about his election. On the way back from the Persian campaign, Anton Golovaty died on the island of Kamyshevan on January 28, 1797.

Another famous personality of the beginning of the development of the Kuban by the Cossacks, Archpriest Kirill Rossinsky- the first educator of the Black Sea Cossack army. He was born on March 17, 1774 in Novomirgorod in the family of a priest. He studied at the Novorossiysk Theological Seminary, where, at the end of the course, Rossinsky became a teacher of the informant class and the Law of God. In 1798, in June, he was ordained to the priesthood and, leaving the teaching service, on August 24 he was appointed a priest to the Novomirgorod Nativity of the Virgin Church, and in 1800 he was elevated to the rank of archpriest and transferred to the city of Taganrog. In 1803, at the request of the entire army of the Black Sea, Rossinsky was appointed by Athanasius, Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav, to the city of Yekaterinodar, the military archpriest of the Black Sea army and at the same time the first present of the Yekaterinodar Spiritual Board.
Rossinsky was an outstanding personality, he was distinguished by versatile interests: he read a lot, wrote poetry and even had a reputation as a skilled doctor. He was also known as a writer and contributor to the journals "Competitor of Education" and "Ukrainian Herald". He was a member of the Kharkov Society of Sciences, which considered him among its external members in the department of verbal sciences, the Imperial Humanitarian Society, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Free Society of Russian Literature Lovers. At his suggestion, a military singing choir was created, which became an excellent creative team, the keeper of folk songs.
Rossinsky was also involved in the establishment of new schools, the spread of literacy among the Cossacks. With his participation, the first Yekaterinodar school was transformed in 1806 into a school so that "young hearts could be formed." It taught: grammar, the basics of geometry and the natural sciences, geography, history, as well as "instruction in the positions of a person and a citizen" (as the rules of morality, duty and honor of a Russian citizen were called two centuries ago). Ataman Fyodor Bursak appointed Kirill Rossinsky to the honorary position of caretaker of the Ekaterinodar School. Later, Rossinsky opened parochial schools in Taman, the villages of Shcherbinovskaya, Bryukhovetskaya, Grivenskaya, Rogovskaya and Temryuk.
In 1820, at the suggestion of Rossinsky and with his participation, a gymnasium was established in Ekaterinodar. She was near the fortress, in a spacious house where the first Kuban ataman Chepega once lived. Rossinsky becomes the first director of the military gymnasium. Here he collects a large library, opens an office of mineralogy, an archaeological museum. At his suggestion, the teaching of military sciences began in the gymnasium.
He lived only about fifty years, but he managed a lot. He often refused salaries in favor of the poor, tirelessly helped those in need. In 1825, the Kuban Cossack army petitioned General A.P. Yermolov about financial assistance to Kirill Rossinsky, since "the selfless and honest archpriest fell into extreme poverty towards the end of his life." Rossinsky is assigned an allowance of five thousand rubles and they decide to award him the Order of St. Anna, II degree, adorned with diamonds. But Kirill Vasilievich did not have time to rejoice at the well-deserved awards: on December 12, 1825, he died. Rossinsky was buried in the Ekaterinodar Resurrection Cathedral.
Initially, and until the middle of the 19th century, the Kuban was a kind of frontier of Russian history: a border area where the Kuban Cossacks and Russian soldiers were forced to repulse the raids of the warlike highlanders over and over again. And it is natural that successful commanders, Cossack atamans and Russian officers also made a huge contribution to the formation of the current Kuban. Among them stands out a controversial, very controversial figure of a man who, nevertheless, played a significant role in the history of the Kuban, a cavalry general, commander of the Kuban line, Baron Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass.

A native of an old Westphalian family, a hereditary military man, a participant in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, in 1820 he transferred to serve in the Caucasus, where in 1833 he became the head of the Batalpashchi department of the Kuban line. Already in the second month of his leadership of the Batalpashinsky section, Zass undertook the first successful military expedition to enemy territory. Zass formulated the main principle of his tactics as follows: "It is better to incur responsibility for crossing the Kuban than to leave predators without pursuit." Encouraged by the success, in August - October 1833, Zass made several more expeditions beyond the Kuban. At the same time, Zass showed a brilliant command of all the specific methods of the Caucasian war: ambushes, swift attacks, false retreats, etc. In 1835, Zass was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For Courage" and was appointed commander of the entire Kuban line. His martial art and great personal courage earned him great fame both among his comrades-in-arms and among his enemies. Andrey Rozen in his "Notes of the Decembrist" noted: "None of the leaders of the Russian army were so afraid of the Circassians, and none of them enjoyed such fame among the highlanders as this original Courlander. His military cunning was as remarkable and worthy of surprise as his fearlessness, and at the same time he also showed an extraordinary ability to study the character of the Caucasian peoples. The courage and especially the incredible awareness of Zass about the affairs of the enemy earned him among the highlanders the fame of a man associated with otherworldly forces. In 1840, Zass took the post of head of the right flank of the Caucasian line, stretching from the village of Vasyurinskaya on the border of the Black Sea army west to the mouth of the Laba and further up it to Georgievsk. By 1843, he founded the villages of Urupskaya, Voznesenskaya, Chemlykskaya and Labinskaya. Zass owes its origin to Armavir, which grew up on the site of one of these settlements, when representatives of the "Circassian Armenians" (Circassogai) in 1836 turned to von Zass with a request "to take them under the protection of Russia and give them the means to settle near the Russians." The resettlement of the Circassians to the place chosen by Grigory Zass took place in April 1839. Zass himself wrote in his memoirs that "in the same month (May 1839) I moved to the left bank of the Kuban against the Durable Trench that I had taken out of the mountains in 1839 Armenians, who, together with those taken from Lieutenant Colonel Petisov, made up about 300 families. This date can be considered the final date of the founding of Armavir, which played an important role in the annexation of Trans-Kuban to Russia.
Of non-Kuban origin, but, of course, a significant person in the history of the Kuban region was Nikolai Karmalin, chief ataman of the Kuban Cossack army in 1873-83.

A native of the Ryazan nobles, a participant in the Caucasian War, he remained one of the most prominent historical figures of the Kuban, perhaps in its entire history. The Caucasian War ended quite recently, and the Cossack region, which had been on the frontier for several decades, needed to be returned to peaceful life. And Nikolai Karmalin coped with this task quite well. The Kuban historian and writer Fyodor Shcherbina wrote about this, of course, an outstanding person:
"The name of this ataman will always be associated with the general economic upsurge of the region and its cultural growth, which accompanied the management of Nikolai Nikolayevich by the Kuban Cossacks and the region. Nikolai Nikolayevich was not only an outstanding administrator, but also a highly educated boss and a rare person for the population. Solid education, extensive erudition in the field of economic and social issues, a wide acquaintance with the case, ease of handling and a deep interest in the needs of the region and the Cossack - these are the main features that permeated the activities of Nikolai Nikolayevich in the Kuban region from beginning to end.
Under Karmalin, the region began to develop rapidly. Industry has emerged. Cossack villages began to grow rich rapidly. The production of marketable grain was widely developed both due to the diligence and hard work of the Cossacks freed from excessive military workload, and due to the efforts of non-residents. Representatives of the intelligentsia and entrepreneurs began to come to the Kuban, secondary education developed. The economic development of the region, agriculture, trade, means of communication, stanitsa self-government, the Cossack communal land order, school work, the study of the region, etc. - all this attracted the attention of Nikolai Nikolaevich, he treated all this with rare interest and care. His wife, Lyubov Karmalina, in 1874 became the chairman of the board of the Yekaterinodar Women's Charitable Society. In 1975, she contributed to the creation of the Kuban Economic Society. Since 1877 - Member of the Board of the Kuban Women's Mariinsky Institute.

To tell the truth, both the Kuban region and the Krasnodar Territory were and remain a remote province, without claims to any special role in the Russian state. Only once did our region try to become not an object, but a real subject of politics, both domestic and international. And this was connected with the name of the ideological inspirer of the Kuban Republic, the real (without any irony) "father of the Kuban democracy", a prominent political and public figure of the beginning of the last century, Mikola Ryabovol.

He was born in 1883 in the village of Dinskaya in the family of a village clerk. It cost a lot of work for the father to teach his first-born in the elementary grades of the Yekaterinodar Military Real School, and Mikola himself had to raise funds for continuing education in the senior grades. In 1905 - 1907, Ryabovol studied at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, but due to lack of funds (according to the Ukrainian version, due to participation in student performances), he stopped his studies in the third year. This did not prevent him from making a quick career when, in 1907, his father founded a credit cooperative, where Ryabovol became an assistant to the parent. In 1909, the village delegated him to the founding congress on the construction of the cooperative Kuban-Black Sea railway. Here he was elected to the organizing committee and took upon himself the trouble of approving the charter of the road by the authorities, as well as bank financing of the enterprise and the selection of construction and technical personnel. After the successful completion of the task in 1912, Ryabovol was nominated to the post of one of the directors of the board. In 1915, Mikola Ryabovol was mobilized into the army and sent to study at the military engineering school, which he successfully completed, receiving the rank of ensign. He continued his service in the sapper unit in Finland, where he met the February Revolution. In 1917, Mikola Ryabovol returned home from Finland to the Kuban. And on April 30 - May 3, 1917, a meeting of the Cossacks was held in Yekaterinodar, where the Cossack government was formed - the Kuban Military Rada, whose chairman was elected Mikola Ryabovol
Under the leadership of Ryabovol, in September 1917 the Military Rada renamed itself the Kuban Regional Rada. This session also adopted the first Kuban "constitution" ("Temporary Provisions on the Supreme Authorities in the Kuban Territory"). According to it, the Legislative Council became the supreme legislative body, and the Kuban regional government and the military chieftain, who had presidential powers and the right to veto adopted laws, became the executive branch. In November 1917, Ryabovol was elected chairman of the Legislative Council. It was he who initiated the proclamation of the Kuban Republic on January 8, 1918.
Opposed to the Bolsheviks, the Kuban People's Republic initially made an alliance with the Ukrainian state of the hetman and with the Volunteer Army of General Lavr Kornilov. The Rada could not defend Ekaterinodar on its own, and there was simply no alternative to an alliance with volunteers. Moreover, the Cossack federalists found a common language with the ancestral Cossack Kornilov. However, after the death of Lavr Grigorievich, the staunch centralizer Denikin headed the Volunteer Army. Relations between the Rada and the White Army deteriorated every day. Mikola Ryabovol contrasted the idea of ​​the "One and Indivisible" with the idea of ​​the "Free Union of Free Peoples". To implement this plan, he initiated a conference with the participation of representatives of the Cossacks of the Don, Terek and Kuban. On the day of departure for Rostov, the chairman of the Military Rada dined with close friends. Unexpectedly, Ryabovol said: “But still, I’m sure that the volunteers will kill me - now or later, but they’ll still kill me ...”
On June 13, 1919, the conference began its work. At it, Ryabovol spoke about the need to unite the state formations of Ukraine, Kuban, Don, Terek, Georgia in order to fight the Bolsheviks and unite on a democratic basis. He sharply criticized the ideology and policies of the Volunteer Army, although he also saw it as part of the future Union. And the next day, the prediction came true - Mikola Ryabovol was killed. Although the killer was never found, many believed that this was the work of Denikin's counterintelligence. A three-day mourning was declared in the Kuban. The solemn funeral took place on June 19 in Ekaterinodar. In Soviet times, the name of Nikolai Ryabovol was actually banned, only from generation to generation was the Cossacks passed on the song "On the death of Mykola Ryabovol" (author Miron Zaporozhets), as a folk lament for all the countless victims of our bloody history.

Another extremely controversial, but very famous historical figure of the Kuban during the Civil War is General Andrey Shkuro , a native of the village of Pashkovskaya. Participated in the First World War, where, as part of the 3rd Caucasian Army Corps, he participated in heavy battles on the Southwestern Front in Galicia. Shkuro was wounded several times, for bravery and skillful command of a platoon in the Battle of Galicia he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 4th degree. In early November 1914, A. G. Shkuro, in the battles near Radom, together with the Don people, captured a large number of Austrians, as well as guns, machine guns, for which he was awarded the St. George weapon. In 1915, Shkuro was promoted to Esauly for "distinction in deeds". Having recovered from another wound and taking advantage of the lull at the front, he proposes to the command a project for the formation of a special forces detachment. Having received approval, Shkuro in December 1915 - January 1916. from the Kuban Cossacks, he organizes the Kuban cavalry detachment for special purposes, which operates behind enemy lines on the Western Front, in the Minsk province and in the southern Carpathians: raids, destruction of bridges, artillery depots, convoys. The black banner of the Kuban Special Purpose Cavalry Detachment with the image of a wolf's head, wolf fur hats, a battle cry imitating a wolf's howl, gave rise to the unofficial name of the Shkuro detachment - "wolf hundred". After the revolution of 1917, Andrei Shkuro became an active participant in the white movement, Shkuro organized a partisan detachment in the Kislovodsk region, where his family lived at that time. In May - June 1918, the detachment carried out raids on Stavropol, Essentuki and Kislovodsk occupied by the Reds. In June 1918, the Shkuro detachment occupied Stavropol, where it joined up with the approaching volunteer army of General Denikin. In late 1918 - early 1919, Shkuro participated in the battles in the Caucasus, and on November 9 (22), 1918, Shkuro was appointed head of the Caucasian Cavalry (in November - the 1st Caucasian Cossack) division, deployed from the Kuban partisan separate brigade; November 30 (December 13) for military distinction was promoted to major general. In the spring and summer of 1919, Shkuro's corps took part in the battles in Ukraine for Kharkov and Yekaterinoslav. On July 2, 1919, for his heroic actions along with the British troops, King George V awarded him the Order of the Bath. During the Moscow campaign, the 3rd Kuban Corps Shkuro received the task of occupying Voronezh, which the Cossacks successfully did on September 17, 1919, taking 13,000 prisoners and a lot of weapons. However, in October, the Reds launched a large-scale offensive against Voronezh in several sectors of the front, and on October 11, Shkuro and Mamontov left the city, which was occupied by Budyonny's cavalry, and began to retreat south. During the "Novorossiysk catastrophe" for the Shkuro corps, as well as for many other parts of the armed forces in southern Russia, there was not enough space on the ships, so he withdrew to Tuapse and further to Sochi. From there, by separate detachments, he was transported to the Crimea. As a single body, the body ceased to exist. After the civil war, Shkuro lived in exile, with the beginning of WWII, he took the side of Germany, guided by the principle "even with the devil, but against the Bolsheviks." However, Shkuro himself did not take a personal part in the hostilities of the Second World War. In 1945, according to the decisions of the Yalta Conference, the British interned Shkuro and other Cossacks in Austria, and then handed them over to the Soviet Union. By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, Shkuro, together with P. N. Krasnov, Helmut von Pannwitz, Timofey Domanov, was sentenced to hanging and executed in Moscow on January 16, 1947.

Another Kuban Cossack, a member of the white movement, who ended his life in the USSR, one of the first air aces of Russia, a military pilot of the Russian Empire, Vyacheslav Tkachev.

He was born in 1885 in the village of Kelermesskaya, Maikop department of the Kuban region. He graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod Cadet Corps and the Konstantinovsky Artillery School in 1906. He began his service in the 2nd Kuban Battery. In 1911, having observed in Odessa the first flights of airplanes in Russia, he begged the command to send him at public expense to a private school at the local flying club. Then, on the recommendation of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, he entered the Sevastopol Aviation School, which he graduated with honors. In 1913, he made a record flight on a Newport along the route Kyiv - Odessa - Kerch - Taman - Ekaterinodar and at the same time participated in the formation and training of the first large aviation unit of the Russian army - the 3rd aviation company in Kyiv. By the beginning of World War I, he received a new appointment: on August 1, 1914, he was already commander of the 20th Corps Aviation Detachment. In December 1914, in the sector of the southwestern front, the commander of the aviation detachment drove up Vyacheslav Tkachev, having only a revolver pistol from his weapon, he was the first among Russian pilots to attack a German Albatross airplane and by his actions forced the enemy to retreat. Being an excellent pilot, Tkachev possessed outstanding organizational skills and the ability to make theoretical generalizations. It was he who was one of the initiators of the creation of special fighter units and even published the book Material on Air Combat Tactics. At the beginning of 1917, Lieutenant Colonel V. Tkachev was appointed commander of an aviation division, then aviation inspector of the southwestern front, and from June 6, 1917 he became head of the field aviation and aeronautics department at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander.
On November 19, 1917, having learned about the upcoming occupation of the commander-in-chief's headquarters by the arriving Petrograd soldiers, led by the new supreme commander-in-chief, ensign Krylenko, Tkachev submitted a resignation report, and the next day, without waiting for an answer, he left for the front without permission. In the note he left, he turned to the chairman of the aviation council with a final appeal. In it, he explained his departure as follows:
Considering it my moral duty to the Motherland in its difficult days of trials to work, fighting with all my strength and means against the terrible poison borne by the criminals of the people and the state - the Bolsheviks, and not to be under arrest, I submitted a report on November 19 to the chief of staff with a request to dismiss me from position ..."
Having made his way to the Kuban, Tkachev, after long ordeals, finally enters the disposal of the regional government. Since the Whites had practically no aviation, Vyacheslav Matveyevich, as a military foreman of the Kuban Emergency Mission, was sent to Ukraine to Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky. History is silent about how successful this mission was, but, in any case, he managed to get something out of aviation property, since after returning to Ekaterinodar, he began to form the 1st Kuban air squadron. In 1920, Tkachev headed the Air Force of the Russian Army, Lieutenant General Baron Wrangel in the Crimea. In June 1920, in southern Russia, when the Red Army pressed the Polish troops, General Wrangel advanced into the territory of Ukraine. At that time, assault squadrons armed with British DH-9 aircraft under the command of General Vyacheslav Tkachev took an active part in the hostilities at that time. They managed to inflict serious damage on the ground forces of the Red Army. For this company, he was awarded a very rare award - the Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
After evacuation from the Crimea, Tkachev settled in Yugoslavia, where he took up teaching. During World War II, Tkachev, unlike many other veterans of the white movement, refused to cooperate with the Nazis in their war with the Soviet Union and lived in Belgrade as a private citizen. When Soviet troops approached Belgrade in October 1944, Vyacheslav Tkachev refused to evacuate, and on October 20, 1944 he was arrested by SMERSH of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, after which he was taken to Moscow, where he received 10 years as an enemy of the people. After serving his full term, Tkachev returned to the Kuban, where in the last years of his life he lived in Krasnodar, worked in the artel of disabled bookbinders. Chapaev for 27 rubles 60 kopecks. Peru Tkachev owns several notes, the story of Nesterov "Russian Falcon" and memoirs "Wings of Russia". He died in 1965 in poverty.

The most prominent figure in the Cossack Kuban in its entire history can rightly be called an older contemporary of Ryabovol, Shkuro and Tkachev, a Kuban Cossack politician and public figure, historian, founder of Russian budget statistics, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, member of the Kuban Rada, head of the Supreme Court of the Kuban People's Republic, poet, writer "old Kuban did" Fedor Shcherbina.

Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich was born on February 13 (26), 1849 in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya Kuban region. Educated at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and Novorossiysk University. Before entering the academy, together with his comrades, he organized an agricultural artel in the Kuban region, in which he worked as a simple worker. Perhaps this life and work among the common people prompted Shcherbina to study folk life.
In 1884, he took over the management of the statistical work of the Voronezh provincial zemstvo, where he worked for eighteen years, in 1903 he was administratively expelled from the Voronezh province (he got the opportunity to return in 1904) and lived for some time on his estate near Gelendzhik, Black Sea province. In the same years, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Vladikavkaz railway, carried out economic and statistical studies of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis route; the results of these works were published in 1892 - 1894. under the title "General outline of the economic and commercial and industrial conditions of the region of the Vladikavkaz railway".
Since 1896, Shcherbina was the head of an expedition to explore the steppe regions (Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Turgai), equipped with the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. Shcherbina devoted a lot of work to the study of the land community and artels, published articles: "Solvychegodskaya land community" in "Notes of the Fatherland" for 1874 and "Land community in the Dnieper district" in "Russian Thought" for 1880 and others.
The works of Shcherbina, as a zemstvo statistician, are characterized by an introduction to statistical accounting, along with the processes of production and the phenomena of barter, circulation, money processes, and general consumption of the people; the study of the budgets of the peasants of the Voronezh province served as a prototype for all similar works by other Russian statisticians. Subsequently, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Kuban Cossack army, was busy compiling the history of the Cossacks, as a result, he published the two-volume "History of the Kuban Cossack army".
In addition to scientific activities, Fedor Shcherbina was actively involved in social and political activities. In 1907 he was elected in the Kuban region to the II State Duma. He joined the Cossack group and the People's Socialist Party. Adhering to liberal views in general, he tried to legislatively contribute to the solution of the most urgent agrarian issue for Russia, taking the position of the People's Socialist Party. At parliament meetings, a Cossack deputy advocated expanding the rights of the Duma to form a budget, for the nationalization of land and "the creation of a nationwide land fund, led by local governments, the replenishment of which would take place by alienating privately owned lands at state expense." The dispersal of the Second State Duma did not dissuade F.A. Shcherbin in the possibility of a peaceful reformist transformation of Russia. But he now expected greater effectiveness not from actions across the country and not from "above", seeking concessions from the government, but in a single region and "from below", using and creatively developing the people's initiative. The basis for such an experiment could be the Cossacks with their initial desire for autonomy and self-government. After the February and October revolutions, Shcherbina saw the only possibility for a state revival in the organization of independent democratic formations on the Cossack outskirts. "It was possible to go in construction from parts to the whole, and not from the whole, which did not exist, to the parts." With his thoughts about what is happening in the region and in the country, F.A. Shcherbina shared on the pages of the newspaper "Volnaya Kuban" - the print organ of the Kuban regional government, the unofficial part of which he edited from August to November 1918. But the professional statistician considered the development of measures to stabilize the economic situation in the Kuban to be the main thing for himself, where he sent everything their knowledge and experience. Already in the autumn of 1917, he headed the statistical commission under the 11th Kuban regional government, a year later he became the manager of the Kuban regional statistical committee, from August 1918 he headed the financial and budget commission under the Legislative Rada. In January 1918, he was elected an honorary member of the Council for the Survey and Study of the Kuban Territory, a scientific and executive body established by the Kuban Regional Food Administration. To correct the situation in money circulation, Fyodor Shcherbina proposed to control emissions, reduce the supply of raw materials in exchange for finished products, organize a system of local credit institutions headed by their own Regional Bank, and strengthen the position of state interest-bearing loans. In the formation of budgetary policy, he insisted on taking preventive measures to protect the population from inflation. These included a tax reform in favor of the poor, a reduction in the cost of maintaining the staff of the central regional institutions, the rejection of unjustified loans, and the establishment of free trade within the region. The Financial and Budget Commission under the leadership of F.A. Shcherbina was also involved in practical measures for the development of an elevator network, the opening of an electrical plant in Temryuk, and geological research on the Taman Peninsula.
In 1920, Shcherbina went into exile, first as part of the Kuban delegation to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. From 1921 he lived in Prague, where he worked as a professor at the Ukrainian Free University (1922-1936), and from 1924 to 1925 he was its rector. Since 1922 he was a professor of statistics at the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Podebrady (Czechoslovakia). Once in exile, he participated in the activities of Ukrainian scientific institutions, in particular, the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society. He was elected a full member of the NTSH and the rector of the Ukrainian Free University. He was a professor at the Ukrainian Gospodar Academy in Podebrady. In addition, he wrote in the Ukrainian literary language, composed verse poems "Chernomortsy" and "Bogdan Khmelnitsky". He died in 1936 and was buried in Prague at the Olsany Cemetery. In 2008, with the support of Russian diplomats and the Czech Orthodox Church, Shcherbina's ashes were transported from Prague to Krasnodar and on September 17, 2008, they were solemnly reburied in the Holy Trinity Cathedral.
Kuban is a land of grain, the breadbasket of Russia. It is not surprising that it was here, in the village of Ivanovskaya, that an outstanding Kuban breeder, plant breeder, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and VASKhNIL was born Pavel Lukyanenko. Born in a Cossack family, who went through the Great Patriotic War, Lukyanenko devoted his whole life to the transformation and improvement of the main grain crop - wheat. In 1926 he graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Institute, worked as a researcher at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing and was then associated with such luminaries of science as N.I. Vavilov and V.V. Talanov. In the mid-1950s, he created the world-famous variety of soft winter wheat "Bezostaya 1", which received the widest distribution. It was zoned in 48 regions of our country, in the countries of Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan. Its crop area in 1971 reached thirteen million hectares. The introduction of this variety into production has made it possible to increase the yield of wheat grain by one and a half to two times everywhere. At the same time, it has become an extremely valuable source for breeding, widely used to this day in breeding programs in many countries of the world. Lukyanenko developed a scientific program for the selection of rust-resistant varieties with a productive ear and high technological qualities; significantly improved the methodology for conducting selections in hybrid populations, which reduces the time for breeding a new variety; one of the first in the USSR substantiated the need for selection of low-growing varieties of winter wheat. The scientist also developed a morphophysiological model of a semi-dwarf variety capable of producing a high yield in the conditions of the Kuban and not lodging during irrigation. In total, Pavel Lukyanenko created forty-three varieties of wheat, in 1975 they occupied about forty percent of the sown area of ​​winter wheat in the Soviet Union.
It is most difficult to assess contemporaries - their contribution to the development of the Kuban has yet to be assessed by future generations. And yet, I would complete the "Kuban Ten" with the name of a famous Kuban writer and publicist, a member of the Writers' Union of Russia Viktor Likhonosov.

You can treat him differently - both as an author and as a person, one can be ironic over some pretentiousness of the title "Our Little Paris", but few dispute the fact that this book has still been and remains a literary work, in the greatest and best reflecting the very soul and essence of the Kuban Cossacks, talented and beautifully describing the life of the Cossack city. Likhonosov worked on this work for more than ten years in order to finally create this book, which, in the Russian Wikipedia article dedicated to Viktor Ivanovich, was called "a lyric-epic canvas connecting modernity with the past" and "a literary monument to Ekaterinodar."
As already mentioned, this article does not claim to be the ultimate truth and reflects the author's personal opinion about the most prominent personalities in the history of the Kuban. Any reader of our newspaper has the right to name his "top ten big names", including among his contemporaries, thereby showing whom they consider the figure who made the greatest contribution to the history of our small homeland.

Denis SHULGATY

Mikhail Pavlovich Babych

Mikhail Pavlovich Babych, the son of one of the valiant conquering officers of the Western Caucasus - Pavel Denisovich Babych, about whose exploits and glory, the people composed songs. All paternal qualities were bestowed on Mikhail, who was born on July 22, 1844 in the ancestral Ekaterinodar house on Bursakovskaya Street, 1 (the corner of Fortress). From a very early age, the boy was prepared for military service.

After successfully graduating from the Mikhailovsky Voronezh Cadet Corps and the Caucasian Training Company, young Babych began to gradually move up the military career ladder and receive military orders. In 1889 he was already a colonel. On February 3, 1908, a decree was issued appointing him, already in the rank of lieutenant general, as the chief ataman of the Kuban Cossack army. With a hard hand and harsh measures, he restores order in Yekaterinodar, where at that time the revolutionary terrorists were rampant. Under the constant threat of death, Babych fulfilled his responsible duty and strengthened the economy and morality in the Kuban. In a short time, he did a lot of general cultural, good deeds. The Cossacks called the ataman "ridy Batko", since each Cossack personally felt his care, his zeal. The general cultural activity of M. Babych was appreciated not only by the Russian population. He was deeply respected by other nationalities living in the Kuban. It was only thanks to his care and efforts that the construction of the Black Sea-Kuban railway began, and the attack on the Kuban floodplains began.

On March 16, 1917, the official newspaper reported for the last time about the former Ataman Mikhail Pavlovich Babych. In August 1918, he was brutally murdered by the Bolsheviks in Pyatigorsk. The body of the long-suffering general was buried in the tomb of the Catherine's Cathedral.

The memory of the great patriot and guardian of the Kuban land MP Babych, the last Chieftain, is alive in the hearts of the Russian people. On August 4, 1994, at the place where Ataman's ancestral home stood, a memorial plaque (the work of A. Apollonov) was opened by the Cultural Fund of the Kuban Cossacks, which perpetuated his memory.

If you want to know more about the life of our wonderful countryman, read these books:

Avanesova M. The first ataman from the hereditary Kuban Cossacks / M. Avanesova // Krasnodar news. - 2009. - July 22. – p. 4

Bardadym V. Mikhail Pavlovich Babych / V. Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym. – Ed. 2nd, add. – Krasnodar: “Owls. Kuban", 1998. - S. 110-118.

Mazein V. A. Atamans of the Black Sea, Caucasian linear and Kuban Cossack troops / V. A. Mazein, A. A. Roschin, S. G. Temirov // Kuban local historian 3 / comp. G. G. Shulyakova; thin M. V. Tarashchuk. - Krasnodar: Prince. publishing house, 1992. - S. 106-107.

Mirny I. Babych (Babich) Mikhail Pavlovich (1844-1918) / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: the streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk: Kartinform, 2004. - S. 45-46

Ushakov A. Ataman Babych knew no compromises / A. Ushakov // Krasnodar news. - 2008. - August 8. – S. 2.

Alexey Danilovich Bezkrovny

Among the hundreds of Russian names shining in the rays of military glory, the name of the valiant Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army Alexei Danilovich Bezkrovny is attractive with special magnetism. He was born into a wealthy senior officer family. In 1800, fifteen-year-old Aleksey Bezkrovny, brought up in the military traditions of his grandfather, signed up for the Cossacks and left his father's house - Shcherbinovsky kuren.

Already in the first skirmishes with the highlanders, the teenager showed amazing skill and fearlessness.

In 1811, during the formation of the Black Sea Guards Hundred, A. Bezkrovny, an outstanding military officer who possessed extraordinary physical strength, had a penetrating mind and a noble soul, was enrolled in its original composition and honorably carried the title of guard through the entire Patriotic War of 1812 - 1814. For courage and bravery at the Battle of Borodino, Alexei Bezkrovny received the rank of centurion. During the retreat of Kutuzov's army from Mozhaisk to Moscow, the fearless Cossack fought off all attempts of the enemy to break forward for 4 hours. For this feat and other avant-garde military deeds, Bezkrovny was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For Bravery". The retreating enemy tried to burn the ships with bread, but the guards did not allow the French to destroy the grain. For his valor, Bezkrovny was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow. At the request of Platov, Bezkrovny with the Black Sea hundred was enrolled in his corps. With the light hand of M. I. Kutuzov himself, the Cossacks called him "commander without error."

On April 20, 1818, Alexei Danilovich received the rank of colonel for military merit. In 1821, he returned to his father's land and continues to serve in the detachment of another hero of the Patriotic War, General M. G. Vlasov. In May 1823, he was sent with the 3rd Cavalry Regiment to the border of the Kingdom of Poland, and then to Prussia. From the next campaign, A. D. Bezkrovny returned to Chernomorie only on March 21, 1827. And six months later (September 27), he, as the best and most talented military officer, was appointed by the Highest Will as a military officer, and then as a Chieftain.

In May - June 1828, A. D. Bezkrovny with his detachment participated in the siege of the Turkish fortress of Anapa under the command of Prince A. S. Menshikov. For the victory over the Turks and the fall of the impregnable fortress, A. Bezkrovny was promoted to the rank of major general and awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Then - for new exploits - the second golden saber, decorated with diamonds.

Two traits were especially characteristic of the Bloodless: rare courage in battles and deep humanity in civilian life.

In January 1829, Alexei Danilovich commanded one of the detachments directed against the Shapsugs. In 1930, the Cossack knight again participated in the fight against the abreks, with the famous Kazbich himself, who threatened the Cossack city of Yekaterinodar. In the same year, he built three fortifications outside the Kuban: Ivanovsko-Shebskoye, Georgy-Afipskoye and Alekseevskoye (named after Alexei Bezkrovny himself).

The health of the famous ataman was undermined. His heroic odyssey is over. Appointment of A.D. The bloodless Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army caused envy in the circle of the tribal Cossack aristocracy. He, the hero of 1812, could fight and defeat the external enemies of the Fatherland. But he could not overcome the envious internal ones. Hounded by enemies, with an unhealed wound in his side, Bloodless lived in isolation in his Ekaterinodar estate. He gave 28 years of service to the Fatherland. Participated in 13 large military campaigns, 100 separate battles - and did not know a single defeat.

Alexei Danilovich died on July 9, 1833, on the day of the holy martyr Theodora, and was buried in the almshouse courtyard, at the first Cossack cemetery located here.

Read about the famous Kuban man of rare courage, penetrating mind and noble soul:

Bardadym V. Heroes of 1812 / V. Bardadym // Military prowess of the Kuban / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar: "Northern Caucasus", 1993. - S. 48-61.

Vishnevetsky N. Memories of the ataman Aleksey Danilovich Bezkrovny / N. Vishnevetsky // Historical memories / N. Vishnevetsky. - Krasnodar: "Soviet Kuban", 1995. - S. 16-32.

Commander without mistakes // History of the Kuban in stories and illustrations: textbook. 4-5 cells. / Khachaturova E. et al. - Krasnodar: "Prospects for Education", 2002. - P. 43-45.

Mirny I. Bezkrovny Alexey Danilovich (1788-1833) / I. Bezkrovny // Name in history, history in name: the streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk: Kartinform, 2004. -S. 47.

Timofeev G. Cossack, chieftain, general / G. Timofeev // Free Kuban. - 2008. - May 20. – P. 8.

Trekhbratov B. Bezkrovny (Bloodless) / B. Trekhbratov // Schoolchildren's Historical and Local Lore Dictionary / B. Trekhbratov. - Krasnodar: "Tradition", 2007. - P. 39.

Anatoly Nikolaevich Berezovoy

(04/11/1942, Enem settlement, Republic of Adygea)

Hero of the Soviet Union, Vice-President of the Federation of Cosmonautics of Russia, Honorary Citizen of the Kavkazsky District

Kuban is proud of the names of outstanding space explorers. These are N. G. Chernyshev, and Yu. V. Kondratyuk, and G. Ya. Bakhchivandzhi. In the same row with them is the name of the pilot-cosmonaut Anatoly Nikolaevich Berezovy.

In the early 1960s Berezovoi worked at a factory. The flight of Yuri Gagarin turned his whole life upside down. He decides to become an astronaut.

The path to the dream took 12 years. And now - the world's first long-term space flight, which lasted 211 days! The crew of the ship, under the leadership of Berezovoi, carried out astrophysical, medical and biological research, studied the surface of the Earth, and improved the operation of the equipment of orbital stations. Crew members went out into outer space - they repaired the outer surface of the station, put artificial satellites into orbit.

And on earth, Anatoly Nikolayevich prepared cosmonauts for flights, created a space rescue service.

Today Anatoly Nikolaevich Berezovoy is a retired colonel. Lives in Star City near Moscow. He does a lot of social work, collaborates with scientists from the Institute for Monitoring Lands and Ecosystems, works to preserve the Kuban chernozems, often visits us in the Kuban.

ABOUT COSMONAUT ANATOLY BEREZOVOY READ:

Agapova T. Cosmonaut Berezovoy / T. Agapova // Glorious sons of Kuban. Essays on the Kuban - Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia. Book. 4. - Krasnodar, 1997. - S. 34-36.

Berezovoy A. "A beautiful woman is ... like the Earth from space!" / A. Berezovoy // Kuban news. - 2002. - April 12. – P. 4.

Berezovoy Anatoly Nikolaevich / Glory of the Kuban: a brief biographical guide to Krasnodar. - Krasnodar, 2003. - S. 22–23.

Karmanov V. Earth, I am Birch! : [USSR pilot-cosmonaut A.N. Berezovoy - 60 years old] / V. Karmanov // Free Kuban. - 2002. - April 10. – P. 1–2.

Oboishchikov K. Cosmonaut Berezovoy / Everlasting Stars: A Poetic Wreath to the Heroes of the Kuban. Book. 2. - Krasnodar, 2003. - S. 75–76.

Akim Dmitrievich Bigday

(3.09.1855 – 17.11.1909)

In the history of Kuban culture, Akim Dmitrievich Bigday is a remarkable, rare, and extraordinary personality. He was born in the village of Ivanovskaya, in the family of a deacon of the local church. Having received a law degree in Odessa, he returned to the Kuban, where from July 26, 1888 he was a justice of the peace in Yekaterinodar.

A. D. Bigday devoted a lot of strength and energy to public affairs: he was a member of the Yekaterinodar City Duma, chairman of a charitable society, director of the committee for prisons, founder of a correctional shelter, collected funds in favor of the starving. In addition, he worked in the Kuban Economic Society and in the Regional Statistical Committee. He was elected chairman of the Ekaterinodar Society of Fine Arts Lovers. In a word, there was no such public cause to which this person would not actively respond.

Akim Dmitrievich loved music with all his heart, although he did not receive a special musical education, he played both the violin and the piano. He wrote several musical works, including music for the play by the Kuban writer, ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army Ya. G. Kukharenko "Black Sea Life".

And yet the main thing in his life was the collection and popularization of folk songs of the Kuban. Akim Dmitrievich began to write down the heard ancient motives, to collect song texts from his youth. He attracted his numerous relatives, friends, acquaintances and even the first people he met on the street who remembered his grandfather's tunes to record songs. And people willingly responded to his requests. He traveled all over the Kuban, met with dozens of performers, listened to choirs, recorded wedding songs. In the published collections, songs were classified by genre: military marching, household, prison, etc.

Merciless time consigned to oblivion the good deeds of Akim Dmitrievich Bigdai, committed by him in the name of the good of the Kuban people, but one eternal monument to him remained - the collection “Songs of the Kuban and Terek Cossacks”. This unique work, bequeathed to future generations, continues to serve people.

In 1992 and 1995, two volumes of “Songs of the Kuban Cossacks” by A. D. Bigdai were published under the editorship of V. G. Zakharchenko, the artistic director of the Kuban Academic Cossack Choir. These songs live now in the choir's repertoire.

Read about the life of our wonderful fellow countryman A. D. Bigday and the songs he collected in these books:

Bardadym V. Akim Dmitrievich Bigday / Vitaly Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / Vitaly Bardadym. - Krasnodar: Sov. Kuban, 1999.– P.185-196.

Bigdai A. Songs of the Kuban Cossacks. T.1. / A.D. Bigday; ed. V.G. Zakharchenko. - Krasnodar: Book. publishing house, 1992. - 440s.: notes.

Nazarov N. Akim Dmitrievich Bigday (1855-1909) / N. Nazarov // Literary Kuban: an anthology / author-comp. N.D. Nazarov; ed. VC. Bogdanov. - Krasnodar: Sov. Kuban, 2002. - V.1. - P.455-457.

Anton Andreevich

(1732 or 1744, Poltava province - 01/28/1797, Persia)

The entire history of the Cossacks of the Kuban until the end of the 18th century is inextricably linked with the name of the military judge Anton Andreevich Golovaty. This is an outstanding, gifted, original personality.

Anton Holovaty was born in the town of Novye Sanzhary, Poltava province in 1732 (according to other sources, in 1744) into a wealthy Little Russian family. He studied at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but dreaming of military exploits, went to the Zaporozhian Sich. For the courage, literacy and lively mind of the young Cossack, the Cossacks dubbed him "Headed".

Being a cheerful, witty man, Golovaty served easily, quickly moving up in the service - from a simple Cossack to a smoking ataman. For his military exploits, he was awarded orders and letters of thanks from Catherine II.

But his main merit is that the delegation of the Black Sea Cossacks achieved the signing on June 30, 1792 of the manifesto on the allocation of land to the Black Sea in Taman and Kuban.

Anton Golovaty had an innate diplomatic talent, which was clearly reflected in his administrative and civil activities. After moving to the Kuban, acting as ataman, Anton Andreevich supervised the construction of roads, bridges, and postal stations. In order to better manage the army, he introduced the "Order of Common Benefit" - a law establishing the permanent power of the rich elite in the army. He demarcated the villages of kurens, divided the Black Sea coast into five districts, and fortified the border.

Golovaty was also engaged in diplomatic negotiations with the Trans-Kuban Circassian princes, who expressed a desire to accept Russian citizenship.

On February 26, 1796, Anton Golovaty led a thousandth detachment of Cossacks and joined them in the "Persian campaign", but suddenly fell ill with a fever and died on January 28, 1797.

The name of Anton Golovaty is still remembered in the Kuban today.

If you want to learn more about our fellow countryman, an amazingly talented and enterprising person, read the books:

Bardadym V. Anton Golovaty - a diplomat / V. Bardadym // Kuban portraits / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 15 - 20.

Bardadym V. Order of Chepega to the mayor of Yekaterinodar / V. Bardadym // Etudes about Yekaterinodar / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1992. - S. 25 - 28.

Bardadym V. The first Black Sea people: Anton Golovaty / V. Bardadym // Military prowess of the Kuban / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1993. - S. 25 - 33.

Bardadym V. Songs of Anton Golovaty / Bardadym V. // Literary World of Kuban / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 93 - 95.

Kontricheva V. Portraits of the military judge A. Golovaty / V. Kontricheva // Third Kukharenkov readings: materials of the regional scientific and theoretical conference / V. Kontricheva. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 34 - 39.

Mirny I. Golovaty Anton Andreevich / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: streets are named after them / I. Mirny. - Krasnodar, 2004. - S. 59 - 60.

Petrusenko I. Ataman A. Golovaty / I. Petrusenko // Kuban in song / I. Petrusenko. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 65 - 66.

Frolov B. Awards Z. A. Chepegi and A. A. Golovaty / B. Frolov // Nobles in the history and culture of the Kuban: materials of the scientific - theoretical conference / B. Frolov. - Krasnodar, 2001. - S. 39 - 43.

Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko

(1920 – 1994)

commander of the 46th Guards Night

bomber aviation regiment

(325th Night Bomber Aviation Division,

4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front).

Guard Lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was born on December 1, 1920 in Krasnodar in a working class family. She graduated from high school in the city of Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Territory, studied at the airship building institute (later the Moscow Aviation Technology Institute).

E. A. Zhigulenko graduated from the pilot school at the Moscow flying club. She was in the Red Army from October 1941. In 1942 she graduated from navigator courses at the Military Aviation Pilot School and advanced training courses for pilots.

She was on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from May 1942.

Evgenia Zhigulenko, the flight commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, by November 1944, made 773 night sorties, inflicted heavy damage on the enemy in manpower and equipment.

While still a schoolgirl, Zhenya decided to finish two classes in a year. I spent the whole summer studying textbooks and successfully passed the exams. From the seventh grade - immediately to the ninth! In the tenth grade, she wrote an application with a request to be enrolled as a student at the N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. She was told that women were not admitted to the academy.

Another would have calmed down and began to look for another occupation. But Zhenya Zhigulenko was not like that. She writes a hot, excited letter to the Commissar of Defense. And she receives an answer that the question of her admission to the academy will be considered if she receives a secondary aviation technical education.

Zhenya enters the Moscow Airship Institute, and at the same time graduates from the Central Aeroclub named after. V. P. Chkalov.

At the beginning of the war, Evgenia Andreevna made persistent attempts to get to the front, and her efforts were crowned with success. She begins service in the regiment, which later became the Taman Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov Aviation Regiment of Night Bombers. The brave pilot spent three years at the front. Behind her shoulders were 968 sorties, after which enemy warehouses, convoys, and airfield facilities burned.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 23, 1945, Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and two Orders of the Red Star.

After the war, Yevgenia Zhigulenko served ten more years in the Soviet Army, graduated from the Military-Political Academy, then worked in cultural institutions of the Kuban. The versatility of Yevgenia Andreevna's nature was manifested in the fact that she mastered another profession - a film director. Her first feature film “Night Witches in the Sky” is dedicated to her female pilot friends and navigators of the famous regiment.

V. Bezyazzychny. We remember your exploits / V. Bezyazychny // Kuban during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 / V. Bezyazychny. - Krasnodar, 2005. - S. 138 - 153.

Kozlov V. Zhigulenko Evgenia Andreevna / V Kozlov // Golden Glory of the Kuban: a brief biographical guide / V. Kozlov. - Krasnodar, Kuban Periodicals, 2003. - P. 45 - 46.

Mirny I. Zhigulenko Evgenia Andreevna / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: the streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk, 2004. - S. 70 - 71.

Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko

I will be happy if my songs will live among the people.

V. G. Zakharchenko

Composer, artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir, Honored Art Worker and People's Artist of Russia, Honored Art Worker of Adygea, People's Artist of Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Russia, Professor, Hero of Labor of Kuban, Academician of the International Academy of Information, Academician of the Russian Humanitarian Academy, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art, chairman of the charitable foundation for the revival of folk culture of the Kuban "Istoki", a member of the Union of Composers of the Russian Federation, a member of the presidium of the Russian Choral Society and the All-Russian Musical Society.

The future composer lost his father early, he died in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. The memory of her mother, Natalya Alekseevna, remained in the smell of the bread she baked, in the taste of her homemade sweets. The family had six children. Mom always worked, and when she worked, she usually sang. These songs so naturally entered the children's life that over time they became a spiritual need. The boy listened to the wedding round dances, the game of local virtuoso accordionists.

In 1956, Viktor Gavrilovich entered the Krasnodar Music and Pedagogical School. After graduating from it, he became a student of the Novosibirsk State Conservatory. M. I. Glinka at the Faculty of Choral Conducting. Already in the 3rd year, V. G. Zakharchenko was invited to a high position - the chief conductor of the State Siberian Folk Choir. The next 10 years of work in this post is a whole era in the development of the future master.

1974 - a turning point in the fate of V. G. Zakharchenko. A talented musician and organizer becomes the artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir. A happy and inspirational time began for the creative upsurge of the team, the search for its original Kuban repertoire, the creation of a scientific, methodological and concert-organizational base. V. G. Zakharchenko is the creator of the Center for Folk Culture of the Kuban, the children's art school at the Kuban Cossack Choir. But his main brainchild is the State Kuban Cossack Choir. The choir has achieved a stunning result in many venues around the world: in Australia, Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Czechoslovakia, America, Japan. Twice, in 1975 and 1984, he won the All-Russian competitions of the State Russian Folk Choirs. And in 1994 he received the highest title - academic, was awarded two State Prizes: Russia - them. M. I. Glinka and Ukraine - them. T. G. Shevchenko.

Patriotic pathos, a sense of belonging to the people's life, civic responsibility for the fate of the country - this is the main line of Viktor Zakharchenko's composer creativity.

In recent years, he has been expanding his musical and thematic range, the ideological and moral orientation of his work. The lines of poems by Pushkin, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Yesenin, Blok, Rubtsov sounded differently. The boundaries of the traditional song have already become narrower. Ballads-confessions, poems-reflections, songs-revelations are created. So the poems “I will ride” (to the verses of N. Rubtsov), “The Power of the Russian Spirit” (to the verses of G. Golovatov), ​​new editions of the poem “Rus” (to the verses of I. Nikitin) appeared.

The titles of his works speak for themselves - "Nabat" (to the verses of V. Latynin), "You cannot understand Russia with the mind" (to the verses of F. Tyutchev), "Help those who are weaker" (to the verses of N. Kartashov).

V. G. Zakharchenko revived the traditions of the Kuban military singing choir, founded in 1811, including in his repertoire, in addition to folk and author's songs, Orthodox spiritual chants. With the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', the State Kuban Cossack Choir takes part in church services. In Russia, this is the only team that has been awarded such a high honor.

Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko - Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional Culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art. He conducts extensive research activities, he has collected over 30 thousand folk songs and traditional rites - the historical heritage of the Kuban village; collections of songs of the Kuban Cossacks were published; hundreds of arrangements and folk songs have been recorded on gramophone records, CDs, and videos.

Malakhova S. Bright people of the city / Sofia Malakhova // Krasnodar: a portrait for memory / Ed.-comp. O. Krndratova. - Krasnodar, 2002. - Zakharchenko Viktor Ivanovich. - P.167.

Petrusenko I. Kuban in song / Ilya Petrusenko.– Krasnodar: Sov. Kuban, 1999.– Victor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko.– P. 413 – 417.

Slepov A. On the song folklore of the Kuban: Notes / A. Slepov. - Krasnodar: Aeolian strings, 2000. - Zakharchenko Viktor Gavrilovich. - P. 146-152.

Fedor Akimovich Kovalenko

Fedor Akimovich Kovalenko entered the history of our region as a collector and philanthropist, creator of an art gallery, now an art museum.

He was born on May 16, 1866 in the Poltava region in a large family. After graduating from a local school and not being able to continue his education, in 1881 he moved to Yekaterinodar with his father and brothers, where he got a job in a grocery store.

With meager earnings, Fedor Akimovich Kovalenko bought inexpensive paintings, sketches, antiques, coins, and gradually created an interesting collection. He admitted that "he lost all his money to buy paintings." Already in 1890, Fyodor Akimovich arranged the first exhibition.

10 years later, Fedor Akimovich donated his collection to the city. And already in 1907, the city rented a beautiful two-story mansion of the railway engineer Shardanov for an art gallery.

Since 1905, Fyodor Akimovich annually, in spring and autumn, organized exhibitions of paintings by Russian and Ukrainian artists. In 1909 he created an art circle, whose honorary president was I. E. Repin.

In 1911, thanks to the active participation of Fyodor Akimovich, with the support and help of Repin, an art school was opened in Yekaterinodar, and in 1912 an art store, the purpose of which was "to promote artistic taste to the masses."

Kovalenko's trading business was going badly, he had to constantly conflict with the city duma. It required a lot of strength and health. In 1919, typhus killed the Kuban Tretyakov.

In 1993, the Krasnodar Regional Art Museum was named after F. A. Kovalenko.

Read about the famous Kuban, famous collector, founder of the Krasnodar Art Museum:

Avanesova M. The hand of the giver will not be scanty / M. Avanesova // Krasnodar news. - 2008. - No. 232. - P. 4.

Bardadym V. Addressee of Leo Tolstoy F. A. Kovalenko: founder of the art gallery / V. Bardadym // Kuban portraits / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar: Soviet Kuban, 1999. - S. 73 - 77.

Kuropatchenko A. Kuban Tretyakov: 140 years have passed since the birth of Fyodor Akimovich Kovalenko, the founder of the oldest Krasnodar Art Museum in the south / A. Kuropatchenko // Krasnodar News. - 2006. - No. 70. - P. 3.

Loskovtsova M. Museum named after the "Kuban Tretyakov" / M. Loskovtsova // Free Kuban. - 2007. - No. 53. - P. 10.

Consolidated catalog of cultural property stolen and lost during the Second World War Vol. 16: Krasnodar Regional Art Museum. F. A. Kovalenko / ed. N. I. Nikandrova. - M. : Iris, 2009. - 79 p.

Spouses Semyon Davidovich and Valentina Khrisanfovna

Kirlian

Spouses Kirlian - scientists of world renown - natives of the Kuban.

For many years they lived and worked in Krasnodar. Semyon Davidovich was born in Yekaterinodar on February 20, 1898 in a large Armenian family. The boy had an absolute musical memory and ear, dreamed of becoming a pianist, but the outbreak of World War I interrupted his studies. The 19-year-old boy was sent to Tiflis. In December 1917, he returned to the Kuban and entered the factory of I. A. Yarovoy as an electrician and plumber.

At this time, on the path of life of SD Kirlian, he met a beautiful girl - the daughter of the priest of the village of Novotitarovskaya Khrisanf Lukich Lototsky Valentina (she was born on January 26, 1901). In 1911, Valentina Lototskaya, ten years old, was taken to Yekaterinodar and placed in the Diocesan Women's School. She graduated from college in 1917. Mastered the profession of a typist. Then I met Semyon Kirlian.

V. Kh. Kirlian was engaged in pedagogy and journalism, S. D. Kirlian was engaged in electromechanics. The workshop on Karasunskaya Street, where he worked, was well known to the townspeople: it was possible to quickly, soundly and for a pittance repair any electric heater with a one-year warranty.

The restless inventor in 1941 proposes an electric screen used in showers to treat and neutralize people affected by poisonous gases. During the war years, he made other rationalization proposals. After the liberation of Krasnodar, Kirlian actively participated in the restoration of machinery at factories.

In the postwar years, Semyon Davydovich invents a new method for obtaining images of living and inanimate objects using a discharge, that is, without using a camera.

The first unique images of inanimate and wildlife objects were obtained using "high frequency currents". Then, in collaboration with his wife Valentina Khrisanfovna, successful improvements and original scientific experiments began. Only after carefully checking and experimentally proving the reality of the method they are developing on thousands of photographs, the Kirlians decided to formalize it legally.

On August 2, 1949, at 4:30 pm, the first photograph received by the experimenters was notarized. On September 5, the method was declared and a copyright certificate was issued.

The Kirlian spouses are rare nuggets: they created an original technique for obtaining an image using a discharge in a gas, which is now used in industry, biology and medicine - this is a new way of diagnostics and control. They also made a rare discovery by proposing a mechanism for the gas supply of plants.

The entire scientific world of our planet has learned about the "Kirlian effect". Krasnodar, where researchers lived and worked, attracted the attention of not only domestic scientific institutions, but also many foreign institutes, laboratories and research centers. The couple had extensive business correspondence with 130 cities around the world.

Bardadym V. Memories of the Kirlian spouses: [who discovered the secret of the glow of objects - the "Kirlian effect"] // V. Bardadym Kuban portraits / V. Bardadym - Krasnodar, 1999. - P. 227–248.

Bardadym V. Spouses Semyon Davidovich and Valentina Khrisanfovna Kirlian // V. Bardadym Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1998. - S. 263 - 269.

Bereznyak T. The discoverer of the luminous aura: [about the world-famous inventor - Kuban S. D. Kirlian and his discovery] // T. Bereznyak About the Kuban - the famous undeservedly forgotten / T. Bereznyak - Krasnodar, 2003. - P. 27 - 29.

Ushakov A. Leaving, leave the light: [famous scientists Semyon and Valentina Kirlian] / A. Ushakov // Krasnodar news. - 2007. - July 27 - (No. 114) - P. 12.

Elizaveta Yurievna

Kuzmina-Karavaeva (mother Maria)

1891 – 1945

Poet, philosopher, publicist, social and religious figure

Grandfather of Elizabeth Yurievna - Dmitry Vasilyevich Pilenko - was a Zaporozhye Cossack. At the age of 37, the top leadership appointed him head of the Black Sea District and promoted him to the rank of major general. For excellent service, he received for eternal and hereditary use a plot of land of 2,500 acres. Here he planted 8,000 fruit trees and grapes at once. He founded two estates, one of which is still widely known - Dzhemete, the largest vineyard. DV Pilenko played an important role in the creation of two new cities in the south - Novorossiysk and Anapa.

The son of Dmitry Vasilyevich, the father of Lisa Pilenko, inherited the estate and also took up viticulture. In 1905 he was appointed director of the famous Nikitsky Botanical Garden and director of the School of Viticulture and Winemaking.

On December 8, 1891, a girl named Elizabeth was born in this family. Since childhood, Lisa lived with her parents in Anapa, was fond of the poems of Lermontov, Balmont. She herself wrote brilliant essays on gymnasium topics, invented various stories for her peers. These were her first creative attempts, childlike and naive, but they already testified to her outstanding abilities.

After the unexpected death of her father, the mother moved with her daughter to Petersburg, to her sister.

After graduating from a private gymnasium, Elizabeth studied at the philosophical department of the Bestuzhev courses. In 1910 she married D. V. Kuzmin-Karavaev. She was a member of the "Workshop of Poets", which in 1912 published her first book of poems "Scythian shards". The book reflects the childhood impressions of the poet, observations of the archaeological excavations of the Crimean burial mounds.

Elizaveta Yurievna was friends with Akhmatova and Gorodetsky, she visited Voloshin in Koktebel. For a long time she was influenced by the poetry and personality of Alexander Blok. For many years they were in correspondence ...

Kuzmina-Karavaeva was the first woman to study theology in absentia at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy.

In 1923 Kuzmina-Karavaeva moved to live in Paris. Under the pseudonym Yuri Danilov, she published an autobiographical novel about the years of the revolution and the Civil War, The Russian Plain: A Chronicle of Our Days. In 1929, a number of her books were published in Paris: Dostoevsky and Modernity, Vl. Solovyov", "Khomyakov".

Appointed traveling secretary of the Russian Student Christian Movement, since 1930 Elizaveta Yurievna has been conducting missionary and educational activities among Russian emigrants in different cities of France.

In 1932, she became a nun, taking the name Maria during her tonsure, in honor of Mary of Egypt. She saw her monastic vocation in active love for her neighbors, primarily in helping the poor. In the mid-1930s, Mother Maria founded a center for social assistance in Paris, the Orthodox Cause fraternity, which became a meeting place for many writers and philosophers. On Rue Lourmel in Paris, she equipped a church, in the arrangement of which Mother Maria put her artistic, decorative, painting and needlework skills: she painted walls and glass, embroidered panels.

After the occupation of Paris, hundreds of Jews turned to Mother Mary for help and shelter. They were given documents, certificates of belonging to the Orthodox parish on Rue Lurmel, they were sheltered. During the mass Jewish pogrom of 1942, when thousands of Jews, including children, were herded into the stadium, Kuzmina-Karavaeva made her way there and rescued several children.

On February 9, 1942, mother Maria was arrested for harboring Jews and sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. It was in this camp that mother Maria died in a gas chamber.

Long before her death, on August 31, 1934, she left an entry in her notebook: “…there are two ways to live. It is perfectly legal and honorable to walk on land - to measure, weigh, foresee. But you can walk on water. Then one cannot measure and foresee, but one must only believe. A moment of disbelief - and you start to sink. There is no doubt that Mother Mary adhered to the second of these “ways” of living, when almost every day becomes a test of the strength of faith, readiness to meekly bear the heavy cross of compassion and holy, disinterested love for one’s neighbor. And it turned her life into a real feat.

The Soviet government recognized the merits of mother Maria and posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War.

Canonized by the Patriarch of Constantinople as a venerable martyr in 2004.

If you want to know more about our outstanding compatriot, read:

Avanesova M. Rebellious nun: on the 120th anniversary of the birth of mother Maria (E. Kuzmina-Karavaeva) / M. Avanesova // Krasnodar news. - 2011. - December 20 (No. 201). – p. 20

Women in the history of the Kuban / Administration of the Krasnodar Territory. - Krasnodar: Range-B, 2013. - 64 p.

Kabakov M. The Saint lived in Anapa: Elizaveta Kuzmina-Karavaeva (mother Maria) / M. Kabakov // Literary newspaper. - 2010. - July 7–13 (No. 27). - p. 5.

Khomenko T. Red Count and mother Maria / T. Khomenko // Labor Man. - 2013. - February 21–27 (No. 7). – P. 4.

Mikhail Ivanovich Klepikov

(27.04.1927–26.03.1999)

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor,

laureate of the State Prize, deputy

Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Honored

machine operator of Russia, founder of the All-Kuban

competition for a high culture of agriculture

We have all heard the catchphrase: "Kuban is the breadbasket of Russia." But high yields depend not only on the fertility of the soil, but also on the people who work on the land.

Such a person was Mikhail Ivanovich Klepikov. For his valiant work on the Kuban fields, he was respected and appreciated by his compatriots, and foreign farmers called him the “beet king”.

In 1943, immediately after the liberation of the Kuban from the Nazi invaders, Mikhail Klepikov, a fifteen-year-old teenager, got on a tractor for the first time. At the age of 19, he was already a foreman on the Kuban collective farm in the Ust-Labinsk region. His initiative under the motto "Neighbor's land is not a foreign land" was picked up by the whole country.

Klepikov's team has accumulated vast experience, which they generously shared with grain growers around the world. Applying new technologies, Klepikov received record harvests of wheat, corn, peas, sunflowers, and beets.

Labor, selfless and tireless, for the benefit of the Kuban earned him a well-deserved calling. The main business of Mikhail Ivanovich Klepikov's life was taking care of the land, caring for it.

Until the end of his days, Mikhail Ivanovich remained true to his calling.

Vasilevskaya T. The earth did not remain in debt / T. Vasilevskaya // Krasnodar news. - 2002. - April 27. – P. 6–7.

Heroes of the Kuban fields / / Native Kuban. Pages of history: a book to read. - Krasnodar, 2004. - S. 191 - 193.

Klepikov M. The earth will not remain in debt / M. Klepikov. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1976. - 225 p.

Sokolov G. Kuban grain grower Mikhail Klepikov / G. Sokolov. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1977. - 224 p.

The generosity of the land of the Kuban: a photo album. - Moscow: Plakat, 1983. - 192 p.

Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko

(1901-1973)

Soviet scientist-breeder

Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academician of VASKhNIL,

twice Hero of Socialist Labor

Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko was born on May 27, 1901 in the village of Ivanovskaya, Krasnodar Territory, in the family of the village chieftain, hereditary Cossack Panteleimon Timofeevich Lukyanenko.

Panteleimon Timofeevich brought up his children in labor, in severity, in respect for elders, he tried to give his sons a good education.

After graduating from elementary school, Pavel Lukyanenko entered the Ivanovo real school, in 1918 he graduated from it.

Interest in agriculture, in the profession of a breeder, was determined by a young man during his school years and remained for life. From a young age, he dreamed of defeating the terrible enemy of wheat - a fungal rust disease that often ruined crops on the rich Kuban land.

In the autumn of 1922, after demobilization from the Red Army, a man of the earth who grew up in the village - Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko entered the Kuban Agricultural Institute, underwent practical training on the experimental fields of Kruglik.

In 1926, Pavel Panteleymonovich received a diploma as an agronomist-field grower, and began working at an experimental agricultural station (now the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture).

The young breeder read a lot, studied and thought about the precious cereal, about the "red bread", as it was called by the people - about wheat.

There is no other breeder in the world who would give humanity so many wonderful varieties of wheat. Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko created 43 varieties.

P. P. Lukyanenko developed a scientific program for the selection of rust-resistant varieties with a productive ear and high technological qualities.

His contribution to the development of agricultural breeding science is highly appreciated both at home and abroad. Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko was an honorary member of foreign academies of sciences: Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Sweden. He is a laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, and has been awarded many orders and medals.

The work of the scientist lives in a golden wheat ear, and is continued by grateful students - a large team of breeders of the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko.

If you want to know more about our outstanding countryman, read:

Avanesova M. A man in love with the earth / M. Avanesova // Krasnodar news. - 2011. - June 9 (No. 89). – P. 3.

Lukomets V. A century of scientific agronomy in the Kuban / V. Lukomets // Free Kuban. - 2012. - June 21 (No. 86). – S. 21.

Mirny I. Lukyanenko Pavel Panteleimonovich // I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: The streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk, 2004. - S. 94 - 95.

Palman V. Our daily bread / V. Palman // The smile of the goddess Demeter / V. Palman. - Moscow, 1986. - S. 43 - 55.

Palman V. A man in a wheat field / V. Palman // Bow of the earth / V. Palman. - Moscow, 1975. - S. 11 - 35.

Native Kuban. Pages of history / ed. V. N. Ratushniak. - Krasnodar: Prospects for Education, 2004. - 212 p. - From content. : "Bread dad". - S. 189 - 191.

Konstantin Nikolaevich Obraztsov

We all know the words of the anthem of the Krasnodar Territory. The author of this masterpiece is the field priest of the 1st Caucasian Regiment Konstantin Oboraztsov. The song was written with inspiration, in one gulp, apparently, in the hour of calm, before the battle, and is dedicated to the Cossacks "in memory of their military glory." Konstantin Obraztsov owns several more Cossack songs dedicated to the Cossacks of his regiment.

Konstantin Obraztsov was born on June 28, 1877 on the Volga, in the city of Rzhev, Tver province, where his father, N. D. Obraztsov, served on the Rybinsk-Bologoevskaya railway. Obraztsov's grandfather was a priest, and his own father studied at a theological seminary.

In 1882, N. D. Obraztsov and his family moved to the Caucasus, to Tiflis. Here mother died of a cold and the children were left without supervision and care. My father remarried a Georgian Efrosinia Merabovna Tskitishvili. This woman had a great influence on little Konstantin, contributing to the awakening and education of religious feelings in the child.

After graduating from the city school, K. Obraztsov entered the Tiflis Theological Seminary. The teachers were able to discern and appreciate the extraordinary talents of the teenager. They helped him improve his literary style. In 1902 K. Obraztsov got married. And marriage, as it were, gave him a "second sight", strengthened the moral foundation, freed him from the oppressive feeling of loneliness. At the same time, an old dream ripened in him to devote himself to serving the church. His wife supported this impulse. Konstantin parted ways with the university and on June 13, 1904 he took the clergy.

In 1909, K. Obraztsov took the place of the parish priest in the Cossack village of Sleptsovskaya. The next year, 1910, turned out to be a year of grievous grief for him: father K. Obraztsov simultaneously lost two of his children.

In 1912, the priest K. Obraztsov moved to the military department and received a new appointment in the 1st Caucasian regiment of the Kuban Cossack army. However, while in military service, Konstantin Obraztsov did not interrupt his literary work. He publishes new poems in the spiritual magazines and newspapers "Russian Pilgrim", "Wanderer", "Kormchiy", "Consolation and Instruction in the Orthodox Christian Faith", "Pochaev Leaf" and others.

On October 18, 1914, Turkey declared war on Russia. Thus began the endless military campaign of the 1st Caucasian regiment through the semi-wild, mountainous terrain, a campaign full of adversity and hardship, torment and loss. Father Konstantin, along with the Cossacks, endured all the difficulties of transitions, the troubles of military and bivouac life, huddling now in a tent, now in a hastily dug dugout. Father Konstantin admonished the mortally wounded, marveling at the courage of the Cossacks. The poems of K. Obraztsov, like his songs, are imbued with great love for the Fatherland, for his native home, they sing of the valor and fearlessness of the Russian warrior. It is precisely such poems that include the works “Nakhodka”, “World Battle”, “Father's greetings to the Kuban” - in memory of the capture of Erzerum. When this joyful news came to the villages -

In 1916, on the day of Holy Pascha, which fell on April 10, Father Konstantin Obraztsov in the poem "On the Day of Victory" prophetically said:

The fate of K. Obraztsov is tragic: according to one version, in 1917 the Bolsheviks killed him in Tiflis. According to another, he died in Ekaterinodar, in the house of Colonel M.I. Kamyanskaya, from typhus. But be that as it may, Konstantin Obraztsov is with us, in our memory, his soul is in the amazing song "You, Kuban, you are our Motherland." She became popular. Flew all the stations. Entered the soul of every person. She gained her immortality. According to the old-timers, the music was written by the composer and conductor of the Military Symphony Orchestra M. F. Sirenyano. But, perhaps, the people composed the music. This crying song, confession song, prayer song became the anthem of the Kuban region. And live this anthem forever, how to stand and live forever mighty Kuban.

Bardadym V. Life and work of father Konstantin Obraztsov / V. Bardadym // Literary world of Kuban / Bardadym V.– Krasnodar: Soviet Kuban, 1999. - P.154-160.

Mirny I. Obraztsov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1877 - 1919) / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in the name: The streets of Krasnodar are named after them / Mirny I. - Pyatigorsk, 2004. - P.108.

Pavlov A. Singer of Cossack valor / A. Pavlov // Military milestones / Pavlov A. - Krasnodar, 2006. - P. 79-83.

Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky

S. V. Ochapovsky is a native of Belarus, Minsk province, Slutsk district, the village of Iodchitsy. He was born on February 1, 1878. In 1896, Stanislav, having graduated from the gymnasium in Slutsk with a gold medal, entered the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg. Having received his higher education in 1901, he remains at the academic department to improve in ophthalmology. On May 15, 1904, the conference of the Military Medical Academy for the scientific reasoning presented by Ochapovsky "Phlegmon of the Orbit" honors the young academic title of Doctor of Medicine. After that, the twenty-six-year-old Ochapovsky survives the competition and heads the Red Cross eye clinic in Pyatigorsk. And in December 1909, he was invited by the Kuban Cossack army to the military hospital to head the eye department.

Having familiarized himself with the state of medical affairs, Stanislav Vladimirovich was satisfied with the state of the Yekaterindar military hospital, the largest and most exemplary in the Kuban. But when he delved deeper into the organization of oculistic care in the Kuban, he came to the conclusion that the spread of eye diseases was threatening. On April 14-17, 1911, Ochapovsky urged district doctors to get acquainted with the treatment of eye diseases, especially trachoma, which is widespread in the Kuban region to such an extent that it leaves, as he said, "far behind all other areas of Russia." He concluded his brilliant speech with the appeal: “It is necessary to open the eye points

in the region and try to accustom the population to them.

In order to establish prevention and treatment, it was proposed to organize flying detachments, which were created only in the 20s.

With a group of doctors and students, S. V. Ochapovsky leaves for the summer in remote places of the region and treats the population. From 1921 to 1930, 145 thousand patients were admitted and up to 5 thousand operations were performed. People, previously doomed to eternal blindness, began to see clearly. The name of Ochapovsky is passed from mouth to mouth and becomes the most famous in the North Caucasus.

In 1926, the scientist was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for success in work. The rector of the Kuban Medical Institute, N.F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov, wrote that he appreciated in Ochapovsky "an outstanding scientist, specialist, honest, truthful academic figure", who, being a professor, but inspired by the ideals of a teacher and doctor, continues to conduct a regular outpatient appointment to help sick.

Raised in the Orthodox faith, he remained a deeply religious man. In the study of Stanislav Vladimirovich there was a holy corner, where a lamp was always lit in front of the icon of Christ the Savior.

S. V. Ochapovsky writes scientific works, popular brochures, in which, with paternal care, he gives valuable recommendations to parents on how to preserve their eyesight. And in his free moments, in the morning hours, he pondered the next lecture, wrote essays on local history or, walking around the room, recited the poems of A. S. Pushkin.

Stanislav Vladimirovich was a very kind, sincere, modest and sympathetic person. It was always very easy for his colleagues to work with him.

Stanislav Vladimirovich had a love for literature, was an excellent connoisseur of his native land. His essays are replete with poetic sketches, accurate observations, philosophical reflections.

Loving nature, Ochapovsky often rested in the vicinity of Krasnodar, wandered along the coast of the Kuban, observed the life of plants, insects, birds. But he was not an idle observer: if he saw that water bodies were being polluted or trees were dying, he armed himself with a pen and wrote sharp articles, protecting the green world from defilement. So, for example, he spoke in defense of the suburban May Day grove.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Kuban Medical Institute was evacuated to Yerevan. SV Ochapovsky and his family also left for Armenia. How much has been experienced and rethought in these difficult years! The entire path of the advance of the Soviet armies to Berlin, the professor marked on the map with red flags already, being paralyzed. Like all Soviet people, he lived these days for one thing - victory over the Nazis.

SV Ochapovsky is elected as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, in the personal files of the scientist, there is a telegram from M. I. Kalinin, sent from Moscow in April 1945 with the note: “Arrival is required,” he was invited to a meeting of the Supreme Council. But on April 17, 1945, at 8:15 am, Ochapovsky died.

Decades have passed, but Dr. Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky lives in the grateful memory of the people. The regional hospital is named after him, in the courtyard of which there is a monument to a remarkable ophthalmologist.

About our fellow countryman, the famous scientist and talented ophthalmologist S. V. Ochapovsky, read:

Bardadym V. Professor S. V. Ochapovsky / V. Bardadym // Sketches about Yekaterinodar / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar: "Northern Caucasus", 1992. - S. 124-129.

Bardadym V. Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky / V. Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym. - Ed.2nd, add. – Krasnodar: “Owls. Kuban, 1998. - S. 260-262.

Native Kuban. Pages of history: a book for reading / ed. prof. V. N. Ratushniak. - Krasnodar: OPPC "Perspectives of Education", 2004. - From the content: Hurry to do good. - S. 199-201.

Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit

Head of the Department of Breeding and Seed Growing and the Laboratory of Sunflower Breeding of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, Academician, Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences.

A field of blooming sunflowers! Who didn't love it? Looking at such a field, one involuntarily remembers the name of a remarkable person who undividedly devoted his indefatigable energy and long life to it - this is Academician Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit.

It was he, the famous Russian breeder, who brought out disease-resistant, high-yielding and extremely oily varieties of sunflower.

Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit was born on January 2, 1886 in the settlement of Taranovka (Zmievsky district, Kharkov province).

In 1908, Vasily Stepanovich moved to the Kuban to work at the Military Agricultural School, and from 1990 became the assistant manager of the school.

Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit, as a teacher, gained a well-deserved authority and respect among his students - future rural specialists. In those same years, V.S. Pustovoit works as a local agronomist in the village of Petropavlovskaya (now the Kurganinsky district).

Vasily Stepanovich lectures. He writes popular pamphlets, teaches young people rational methods of cultivating the land. And literally storms the Kuban regional government with scientific recommendations, proposals, requests.

But the world-wide fame came to the scientist thanks to his work in the field of sunflower breeding and seed production, when Vasily Stepanovich set himself a daring task for that time - to create high-oil varieties. The outstanding Kuban breeder worked wonders, he bred winter varieties of wheat for the arid regions of the region and for regions with increased annual rainfall.

There are 160 scientific works published by the Kuban scientist in different years, and most of them are devoted to his favorite plant - the sunflower. The main thing that the outstanding breeder strove for in his work was to increase the oil content in dry sunflower seeds.

In total, VS Pustovoit created 34 varieties of sunflower, of which 85 percent have been zoned. The last selection work of Vasily Stepanovich was the Salyut variety - it was, as it were, a "swan song" of a tireless worker - a wonderful person of his native land.

On October 11, 1972, his heart stopped. But to this day, varieties obtained by the Soviet breeder Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit are considered world masterpieces of cultivated sunflower.

If you want to know more about the life of the outstanding Kuban breeder, read these books:

Bardadym V.P. Guardians of the Kuban Land. - Krasnodar: Soviet Kuban, 1998. - S. 29 - 34.

Vertysheva N. The feat of a scientist // In granite and bronze. - Krasnodar: Book publishing house, 1975. - P. 131 - 134.

Lukomets V. Autograph on the canvas of the earth: to the 120th anniversary of the birth of V.S. Pustovoit / V. Lukomets // Kuban News. - 2006.- N5 (January 14). - P. 13.

Mirny I. Pustovoi Vasily Stepanovich (1886-1972) // Mirny I. Name in history, history in name: The streets of Krasnodar are named after them. - Pyatigorsk, 2004. - S. 115 - 116.

Novikov V. Golden flower. - M.: Political literature, 1973. - 135 p.

Lukomets V. Autograph on the canvas of the earth: to the 120th anniversary of the birth of V. S. Pustovoit / V. Lukomets // Kuban News. - 2006. - N 5 (January 14). - P. 13.

Palman V. Features of a familiar face: A documentary story about academician V.S. Pustovoite. - Krasnodar: Book publishing house, 1971. - 190s.

Ploskov F. Grains of life: a book about breeders. - Krasnodar: Book publishing house, 1975. - 287 p.

Skichko O. What do you call the city ... / O. Skichko // Pedagogical Bulletin of the Kuban. - 2007. - No. 1. - P. 48 - 50.

Sun flower // Native Kuban. Pages of history: a book to read. - Krasnodar: Prospects for Education, 2003. - P. 198 - 199.

Sharonov A. The feat of an academician: Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit // Laureates. - Krasnodar: Book publishing house, 1979. - S. 18 - 31.

Grigory Antonovich Rasp

G. A. Raspil was born on September 26, 1801 in a family of Black Sea nobles. As a twelve-year-old boy, he is already on a campaign - he makes a 3-month trip from Yekaterinodar to St. Petersburg. Before reaching the age of 17, he became a cadet in the 4th Black Sea Squadron, then a cornet. Thanks to his intelligence and abilities, he managed to quickly move up the career ladder: in 1832 he was promoted to colonel, in 1841 to major general. A month and a half later, by the Highest command, Rasp was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Cossack army. His organizational talent, his amazing administrative and economic activity, aimed at the benefit and prosperity of the virgin land, unfolded in full breadth.

On April 4, 1844, he was instructed to fulfill the post of Ataman and commander of the Black Sea cordon line. All aspects of the complex Cossack life and administration needed to be reorganized and improved. According to E. D. Felitsyn, in the administrative activities of G. A. Rasppil “had no rivals among his predecessors, yielding, perhaps ... to Anton Andreevich Golovaty. The Kuban historian I. D. Popko rightly wrote about him: “The coincidence of the appointment of this bright personality with the transformation of the army according to the new position was a favorable event for the military corporation. Ataman, he wrote, “set three tasks at the forefront of his activity: service education, land improvement, mental enlightenment.”

Hundreds of archival cases testify to the foresight of the ataman, the sobriety of his judgments, and his father's concern for the welfare of the people. He did not disregard a single complaint from poor villagers about harassment and arbitrariness. Concerned about education, Rasp made the restoration of the military gymnasium, at a time when there was still no mention of public schools.

The merit of G.A. The rasp in the creation of the Mary Magdalene women's hermitage, where lonely widows and elderly Cossack women found their last refuge. In December 1848, he was busy building a church at the Yekaterinodar cemetery. Voluntary donations were used to build a temple of God in the name of All Saints, and the cemetery was named All Saints.

The Caucasian war was in full swing, but under G. Raspile, even the adamant militant Abadzekhs and Shapsugs laid down their military weapons on the cordon line and carried the fruits of their peaceful activities to Yekaterinodar fairs. Among the peaceful Circassians, the ataman was so authoritative that princes and nobles often came to him for advice in contentious matters.

Grigory Antonovich honestly devoted 54 years to military service. G. A. Rasp died on November 14, 1871. With military honors, the faithful son of the Kuban land was buried at the All Saints cemetery.

The name of the wonderful Black Sea man, the guardian of his native land, is imprinted in the name of one of the central streets of Yekaterinodar.

If you want to know more about the life of the famous ataman, a talented administrator, a wonderful person,

we bring to your attention:

Bardadym V. Grigory Antonovich Rasp / V. Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym.– Ed. 2nd, add. - Krasnodar: “Owls. Kuban”, 1998.– P.91-94.

Bondarev S. Why did the Cossack elite dislike Ataman Rasp / S. Bondarev // Krasnodar news. - 2004. - September 3. - P. 6.

Galatsan N. At the All Saints cemetery, the last shelter was found by the ataman Rasp and the historian Felitsyn / N. Galatsan // Krasnodar news. - 2006. - September 7. - P. 7.

Mazein V. A. Atamans of the Black Sea, Caucasian linear and Kuban Cossack troops / V. A. Mazein, A. A. Roshchin, S. G. Temirov.// Kuban local historian 3 / comp. G. G. Shulyakova; thin M. V. Tarashchuk. - Krasnodar: Book. publishing house, 1992.– P.78-81.

Mirny I. Rasp Grigory Antonovich (1801-1871) / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: the streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk: Kartinform, 2004. - P. 117-118.

Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky

(1774–1825)

For a long time the name of this remarkable man was forgotten. He lived only 49 years, but how much good, eternal, reasonable he did!

The son of a priest, military archpriest Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky arrived in the Kuban on June 19, 1803. This talented, educated man devoted his entire short life to a noble cause - the enlightenment of the Cossacks.

Kirill Vasilievich in his sermons explained to believers about the benefits of education, about the significance of schools for the people. In 27 churches he opened in the region, he organized the collection of money for the construction of schools. For a long time, Kirill Vasilyevich himself taught at the Ekaterinodar School. There were no textbooks, so all the training was conducted according to the Rossinsky "manuscript notebooks". Later, Kirill Vasilievich wrote and published the textbook "Short Rules for Spelling", which went through two editions - in 1815 and 1818. Now these books are stored in a special fund of the Russian State Library as unique editions.

Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky gave a lot of spiritual strength and knowledge to literature and science, wrote poetry, historical and geographical essays. In Yekaterinodar, he was also known as a physician who hurried to the sick at any time and in any weather. His devotion to the cause, disinterestedness, kindness amazed his contemporaries.

In 1904, the library opened at the Dmitrievsky School by the Yekaterinodar charitable society was named after Rossinsky. In honor of the Kuban educator, one of the universities in Krasnodar is named - the Institute of International Law, Economics, Humanities and Management.

To learn more about the fate of the outstanding educator of the Kuban, read:

Bardadym V. Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky / V. Bardadym // The Literary World of Kuban / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 96 - 102.

Bardadym V. Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky / V. Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 72 - 76.

Bardadym V. Enlightener of the Kuban / V. Bardadym // Etudes about Yekaterinodar / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1992. - S. 81 - 84.

Vetrova V. Serving others, I waste myself / V. Vetrova // Krasnodar news. - 2010. - March 18 (No. 45). – S. 2.

Citizen M. Enlightener of the Black Sea Coast Kirill Rossinsky / M. Citizen. - Krasnodar, 2005. - 352 p.

Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky // Native Kuban. Pages of history: a book to read. - Krasnodar, 2003. - S. 118 - 120.

Kuropatchenko A. The world of knowledge has no statute of limitations / A. Kuropatchenko // Krasnodar news. - 2008. - July 10 (No. 118). - P. 12.

Mirny I. Rossinsky Kirill Vasilyevich / I. Mirny // Name in history, history in name: the streets of Krasnodar are named after them / I. Mirny. - Pyatigorsk, 2004. - S. 119.

Razdolsky S. Enlightener Archpriest Kirill Rossinsky / S. Razdolsky // Problems of the study and development of Cossack culture / S. Razdolsky. - Maykop, 2000. - S. 62 - 64.

Stepanova Epistiniya Fedorovna

The name of a simple Kuban woman, Epistinia Fedorovna Stepanova, is known throughout the world. Her maternal feat is in the halo of glory and immortality. On the altar of the Great Victory, the mother-heroine gave the lives of her nine sons.

The friendly, hard-working Stepanov family lived on the May Day farm - now the Olkhovsky farm of the Timashevsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. In the heat of the Civil War, the first son of Epistinia Feodorovna, Alexander, died. He was seventeen. But the trouble did not break the Stepanovs. The sons worked on the collective farm - a carpenter, an accountant, a grain grower. In the evenings, music often sounded under the roof of the Stepanovs' house. The brothers played the button accordion, violin, guitar, balalaika, mandolin.

Time passed, the sons grew up. Fedor died on Khalkhin Gol, Ilya died on the Kursk Bulge, Vasily, a partisan intelligence officer, died in Ukraine, Ivan laid down his life on Belarusian soil, Pavel went missing on the Bryansk front, Philip experienced all the torments of a fascist concentration camp.

The youngest son of Epistinia Feodorovna Alexander, named after the deceased elder brother, was one of the first to cross the Dnieper and, at the cost of incredible efforts, together with other fighters, held a bridgehead on the right bank. On the outskirts of Kyiv, six furious enemy attacks were repulsed. Stepanov was left alone, repelling the seventh attack alone. When an enemy chain appeared from the dust raised by the tanks, he hit it as long as the machine gun worked. Then, holding the last grenade in his fist, he stepped towards the German soldiers, blowing himself up and surrounding enemies.

For this feat, twenty-year-old Alexander Stepanov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Streets in the city of Timashevsk, on the Olkhovsky farm, in the village of Dneprovskaya are named after him. At the entrance to the school MOU secondary school No. 7 st. A bust of Alexander Stepanov was installed in the Dneprovskaya Timashevsky district.

Only Nikolai, having risen from the hospital bed, when peace was already on the ground, returned on the August day of forty-five years to his native farm. He walked along the street, which had once been cramped for him and his brothers, and knocked on the door of the deserted Stepanovs' house. But even under the mother's roof, the war overtook the soldier - he died from front-line wounds.

Epistinia Fedorovna is buried in the village of Dneprovskaya at the memorial of those who died in the battles for the Motherland. The names of soldiers who did not return from the battlefields to their native village are carved on the marble slabs of the memorial. And the first - the names of the Stepanov brothers - the sons of Epistinia Feodorovna, the SOLDIER'S MOTHER.

Having equated the maternal feat with the feat of a soldier, the Motherland awarded her the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

In Timashevsk, the Museum of the Stepanov family was opened, the monument "Mother" was erected.

Want to learn more about the soldier's mother E. F. Stepanova, read:

Women in the history of the Kuban / Administration of the Krasnodar Territory. - Krasnodar: Range-B, 2013. - 64 p.

Soldiers' mothers / comp. A. V. Zhinkin. - Krasnodar: Prince. publishing house, 1985. - 240 p.

Konov V. Epistinya Stepanova - Moscow: Young Guard, 2005. - 323 p. – (Life of remarkable people. Issue 936)

Bystrov A. Russian mother. - Moscow: Sov. Russia, 1979. - 128 p.

Medunov S. Mother's hymn // In granite and bronze. - Krasnodar, 1975. - S. 82 - 86.

Gavriil Stepanovich Chistyakov

Gavriil Stepanovich Chistyakov was born on March 25, 1867 in the family of an officer. His father is Stepan (Stefan) Efremovich Chistyakov from the Azov army, and his mother, Melanya Alekseevna, is the daughter of the Kerch merchant Terentyev. To his only son, Gabriel, "not capable of service, but capable of work," he gave a solid education at Kharkov University. On June 5, 1892, Gavriil Chistyakov received a law degree, returned to the Kuban and was admitted to the Yekaterinodar District Court, where he received the position of "junior candidate". But his legal career did not last long, as he was elected a member of the Yekaterinodar city council, received the rank of collegiate secretary, and a few years later became the sixth mayor of Yekaterinodar. It was at this post that the brilliant administrative and organizational talent of G.S. Chistyakov unfolded to its fullest. It was not easy for Gavriil Stepanovich to work after his famous predecessor Vasily Semenovich Klimov. Klimov, a native of Ryazan, the city was indebted for the fact that the provincial Cossack village, previously called the capital of the Kuban Cossack army, acquired a “respectable appearance”, became a cultural and industrial Russian city with a network of factories and factories, public schools and gymnasiums, hospitals and outpatient clinics, churches and theatres. The newly elected mayor tried to follow in the footsteps of Klimov.

His first good deeds were a grove laid out on 30 acres of urban land and a dam, later called "Chistyakovskiye". The notorious Karasun, a breeding ground for malaria, was finally filled up; dozens of public schools were opened; schools, an art gallery named after F. A. Kovalenko and a museum of visual aids, a library named after N. V. Gogol (on Dubinka) were opened.

Thanks to his numerous merits, G.S. Chistyakov was re-elected to the post of mayor until November 1907. During this period, he built the First Men's Gymnasium, the "Shelter named after Christ the Savior" for homeless children of school age (2-storey building, now Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 8), opened the Second Men's Gymnasium and a monument to Catherine II. It was Chistyakov who introduced universal primary education in Yekaterinodar. Gavriil Stepanovich could be proud of his many useful activities. But the seven hard years given by Chistyakov to public work and Ekaterinodar affected his health, and therefore he was forced to leave the post of mayor.

However, Chistyakov did not give up all affairs. He is a founding member of the Cossack Black Sea-Kuban railway, chairs the city duma, is elected director of the city bank. Even in a difficult period of life, when his father and only daughter die, Gavriil Stepanovich does not leave public work. He becomes even more imbued with sympathy for the disadvantaged, continuing to do charity work in the "Shelter named after Christ the Savior."

After the revolution, during the years of the civil war, he was again elected as a vowel to the city duma.

At the beginning of March 1920, GS Chistyakov went into exile. And traces of him disappear.

The organizer and guardian of our city has long been gone, but to this day the Chistyakovskaya grove (renamed Pervomaiskaya) lives and rustles with leaves. And on Sobornaya Street (named after Lenin, 41) stands his house - Chistyakov's house with cast-iron steps and a patterned iron canopy-visor.

If you want to know more about our countryman, an amazingly talented and enterprising person G.S. Chistyakov, read:

Bardadym V. Gavriil Stepanovich Chistyakov /V. Bardadym // Guardians of the Kuban land / V. Bardadym.– Ed. 2nd, add. – Krasnodar: “Owls. Kuban”, 1998.– P.213-215.

Bardadym V. Gavriil Stepanovich Chistyakov / V. Bardadym // Fathers of the city of Ekaterinodar / V. Bardadym - Ed. 2nd, add. – Krasnodar: “Owls. Kuban, 2005. - P.83-106.

Sadovskaya O. The name on the map of the city (G.S. Chistyakov) / O. Sadovskaya // Nobles in the history and culture of the Kuban: materials of the scientific-theoretical conference. - Krasnodar, 2001. - S. 125-129.

Ushakov A. Gavriil Chistyakov and others / A. Ushakov // Krasnodar news. - August 28. - p. 5.

Elena Choba

Kuban Cossack, under the name of Mikhail Choba

fought on the fronts of the First World War.

Awarded with St. George medals of the 3rd and 4th degrees,

George Cross 4th degree.

About two centuries ago, in the Russian troops fighting against Napoleon's army, they started talking about the mysterious cornet Alexander Alexandrov. As it turned out later, the cavalry girl Durova served under this name in the Lithuanian Lancers Regiment. No matter how Nadezhda hid her belonging to the fair sex, the rumor that a woman was fighting in the army spread throughout Russia. The unusual nature of this incident worried the whole society for a long time: the young lady preferred the hardships of military life and mortal risk to reading sentimental novels. A century later, Yelena Choba, a Kuban Cossack from the village of Rogovskaya, stood in front of the village community to petition to be sent to the front.

On July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. When the news reached Yekaterinodar, an urgent mobilization of all units and subdivisions began - messengers went to remote villages. The conscripts, saying goodbye to peaceful life, saddled their horses. Gathered to the front and Rogovskoy Cossack Mikhail Choba. It was difficult to equip a young Cossack in a cavalry regiment: you need to buy a horse, ammunition - the list of the full Cossack right included more than 50 necessary things. The Choba spouses did not live well, so they sent the horseless Mikhail on a cart to the Plastunovsky regiment.

Elena Choba was left alone to work and run the household. But it is not in the Cossack character to sit quietly when the enemy came to their native land. Elena decided to go to the front, stand up for Russia and went to the respected residents in the village council. The Cossacks gave their permission.

After the village elders supported Elena's request to be sent to the front, she was to meet with the head of the Kuban region. Elena came to the appointment with Lieutenant General Mikhail Pavlovich Babych with short hair, in a gray cloth Circassian coat and hat. After listening to the petitioner, the chieftain gave permission to be sent to the army and paternally admonished the Cossack Mikhail (she wished to be called by this name).

And a few days later the train rushed Elena-Michael to the front. The Kuban Cossack Messenger magazine told about how the Rogov woman fought: “In the heat of fire, under the incessant roar of cannons, under the incessant rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, according to the testimony of comrades, our Mikhailo did his job without fear and reproach.

Looking at the young and fearless figure of their brave comrade-in-arms, his comrades indefatigably marched on the enemies ahead of Mikhail, not suspecting at all that Rogovskaya Cossack Elena Choba was hiding under the Circassian Cossack.

During our retreat, when the enemy was trying to tie up one of our units and batteries in a tight ring, Elena Chobe managed to break through the enemy’s ring and save two of our batteries from death, which had absolutely no idea of ​​the proximity of the Germans, and withdraw the batteries from the closing German ring without any damage from our side. For this heroic feat, Choba received the St. George Cross of the 4th degree.

For fights, Elena Choba has the 4th and 3rd degree St. George medals and the St. George Cross of the 4th degree. She refused the latter, leaving it with the regimental banner.

Further information about the fate of the famous Rogov woman is contradictory. Some saw Elena in the village in the Red Army Budenovka on her head, others heard that after the battle near the village of Slavyanskaya she was shot by whites, others said that she had emigrated.

Only many years later, some details of the life of the fighting heroine-Cossack became known. In 1999, in the Krasnodar Regional Museum-Reserve named after. E. D. Felitsyna opened the exhibition "Russian Fate". Among the exhibits was a photograph of the American theatrical troupe "Kuban Dzhigits", donated to the museum by a 90-year-old Cossack from Canada. The picture was taken in 1926 in the city of San Luis. In the front row, in a white Circassian coat and hat, stands the legendary Cossack woman Elena Choba from the Kuban village of Rogovskaya.

If you want to know more about the outstanding Kuban Cossack woman, read:

Bardadym V. Kuban cavalry girl Elena Choba / V. Bardadym // Kuban portraits / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1999. - S. 139 - 145.

Bardadym V. Kuban cavalry girl / V. Bardadym // Military prowess of the Kuban / V. Bardadym. - Krasnodar, 1993. - P. 129 - 134.

Khachaturova E. Cossack girl, or what old photographs told about / E. Khachaturova // History of the Kuban in stories and illustrations: a textbook for grades 4-5 of educational institutions / E. Khachaturova. - Krasnodar, 2002. - S. 57 - 60.

Arshaluys Kevorkovna Khanzhiyan

In the autumn of 1942, fierce battles were going on in the North Caucasus. German troops strove for the sea, for oil, they needed to capture the port city of Tuapse. The attack on the city went in two directions: along the valley of the Pshish River to the village of Shaumyan and from the city of Goryachiy Klyuch along the valley of the Psekups River to the village of Fanagoriyskoye. The second direction captured the Podnawisla farm. At that time, a field hospital was located on the farm. The cannonade of the battle near the village of Phanagoriysky was well audible in the gorge, where the hospital tents were placed under the crowns of trees. Orderlies brought here the wounded fighters. Not everyone was destined to return to combat formation, although the doctors did everything possible. Those who died from mortal wounds were buried in a small clearing near the Chepsi River.

The wounded were cared for not only by medical personnel, but also by local residents. And among them Kevorkovna Khanzhiyan. She said: “How hard it was for the soldiers! Young, handsome guys, and who has no legs, whose arm has been torn off. They cry at night, they call me: “Shurochka, how to live on?” And I answer them that while the enemy is on our land, you must first survive, and then beat him, the damned one. “What are you doing,” they say to me, “do you really need one-armed armies?” “But how,” I answer, “of course, they are needed.” And for example, I take my father’s gun and shoot at a target with one hand. When it did, when it didn't. But the most important thing was that I, a woman, shot with one hand.

Arshaluys, having lost her parents, since the war lived alone under the Goryachiy Klyuch and guarded the mass graves of soldiers who did not allow the Nazis to enter the Black and Caspian Seas. An ordinary human oath forced her to stay in the wilderness, exchanging worldly goods for complete solitude. They say that one day bulldozers came to the Podavisla farm to build a road. An elderly woman with a hunting rifle came out to meet them and, having fired two warning shots, turned the equipment back. "It is forbidden! Soldiers sleep here ... ”The builders tried to find out by what right she disposes. “I have that right,” the woman replied. “I gave my word to the soldiers.”

The weekend tourist route passes through Podnawisla farm, excluded from the registration data of the administrative-territorial division. Very often the guests of Arshaluys Kevorkovna were schoolchildren, students, residents of other regions of the country. They helped a lonely woman prepare firewood for the winter and keep the memorial complex in order. Until her last days, Arshaluys remained faithful to those young soldiers whose graves she looked after. All of Russia learned about the civil feat, about the courage of this woman. Arshaluys Kevorkovna became a laureate of the Russian contest "Woman of the Year - 97" in the nomination "Life - Fate". But she was not destined to know about this. The heart, which for many years kept loyalty and memory to the dead soldiers, stopped.

Until 1997, until her death, Arshaluys (the name in Armenian means “light of the star”) carried her cross. Over time, a memorial complex appeared on the site of the mass graves on the river bank, on which the inscription: “Your feat is immortal, Soviet people,” and below are the names of 98 soldiers buried here. Relatives of the victims and those whom Arshaluys left come here to bow to the memory and feat of the past.

In the 85th year, Arshaluys Kevorkovna passed away and, according to her will, was buried next to the graves dear to her.

At present, her niece lives in the house of Grandma Shura. Cadets of the Krasnodar Law Institute took patronage over Podnavisla: they helped to build a road there, they monitor the condition of the memorial. And every year on May 9, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, residents of the city of Goryachiy Klyuch and nearby settlements come here, to the mass grave, to pay tribute to the deep respect and memory of the soldiers who defended our Motherland from the enemy and went into immortality, and Arshaluys - "soldier's bride."

If you want to know more about our outstanding compatriot, read:

Samoylenko A. Khutor Podnavisla im. A. K. Khanzhiyan / A. Samoylenko // Weekend routes in the vicinity of Krasnodar / A. Samoylenko. - Krasnodar, 2003. - S. 102-103.

Zazdravnykh N. The city of Goryachiy Klyuch, the town of Podnavisla / N. Zazdrivnykh, M. Moreva // Monuments and monuments of the Great Patriotic War in the Kuban / N. Zazdravnykh, M. Moreva. - Krasnodar, 2003. - P. 23.

Competition for the best poem dedicated to Arshaluys Khanzhiyan // Kuban News. - 2012. - June 5. - p. 5.

Ponomarev F. "We live by such a law - we try to do good" / Ponomarev F. // Kuban News. - 2012. - June 29. - P.6 - 7.

For such a short combat and life path, the sniper heroine distinguished herself by many achievements. She was one of the most accurate snipers of the war, gave odds to many men in this matter. Tatyana destroyed 120 fascists; thanks to her last feat, the 104th height near Kerch was taken. The girl, by her example, raised hundreds of Red Army soldiers into battle, the first to jump out of the trench towards the enemy. In this battle, she personally killed 15 Germans.

Sniper Kostyrina was not only an example in battle, but also a pleasant, friendly person. In the regiment, she enjoyed universal love. The fame of her feat for many months thundered in the division and inspired the fighters. Initially, Tatyana was buried in the place where she died, in Adzhimushkay. But then her grave was transferred to the Kerch military cemetery.

The feat of young Tatyana was described in the essay "Girl from the Kuban" by I. Kryukov. A village in the Leninsky district of Crimea and streets in her native Kropotkin and Kerch were named in her honor. And in the village of Kostyrino, a monument was erected to her, which the locals simply call "The Heroine".

Chizh Lyudmila Leonidovna
Open lesson "Famous people of the Kuban"

State public educational institution of the Krasnodar Territory

"Berezansk boarding school for orphans and children

without parental care"

Open lesson

Topic: « Famous people of Kuban» .

Prepared by the teacher: Chizh L. L.

Topic: « Famous people of Kuban»

Lesson type: lesson project

Goals:

Educational: introduce students to famous people Kuban, with the life and work of these people.

Educational: developing interest and respect for the lives of wonderful people Kuban, development of children's cognitive activity, reasoning skills and expression of their thoughts.

educators: the formation of patriotism, a sense of pride in the great Kuban scientists, composers, poets.

Equipment: Multimedia equipment; exhibition of books, photographs and portraits famous people - natives of their native land. Presentation.

Event progress:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Mental attitude

3. Introduction educator:

caregiver: Hello dear colleagues, hello children. I am glad to see you all at our open occupation.

Our region is rich in gardens and bread, It gives cement and oil to the Motherland ... But the most valuable capital Kuban- A simple and modest worker - the people.

We dedicate today's event famous known to people Kuban who made a huge contribution to the development of our small Motherland and all of Russia.

And I'll start with the legend of an amazing girl Kuban.

A long time ago, a girl lived on earth. She was the only and beloved daughter of her parents, whose name was Kuban. They lived in an old dilapidated house. The doors of their homes have always been open to strangers. Travelers found warmth, care and attention here.

grew up Kuban all with a marvelously extraordinary beauty. A tall, slender, round face was framed by a long blond braid, a smile always lit up, bright blue eyes shone. Most surprisingly, the girl loved to decorate the land where she lived. At first she sowed rye, and soon the grain fields began to grow. Grapevine, apple and pear trees gave rich harvests. Whatever the beauty plants, everything comes out well. In lakes, rivers, seas, she bred fish brought from afar. Reservoirs came to life, reeds rustled on their banks, water lilies swayed on the water surface.

We heard about the hardworking beauty far beyond. And the suitors began to woo her, bring her rich gifts. But Kuban she was in no hurry with the choice, she wanted to complete the work she had begun. Gifts used at their discretion. She turned yellow gold coins into a scattering of dandelions in the meadows; she scattered rubies over the steppe, and scarlet poppies bloomed in this place; the beads of a pearl necklace have become fragrant lilies of the valley growing in forest glades; amber bracelet - turned into daisies with a bright sun inside; turquoise beads - into bright blue bells, ringing in the wind in the steppe.

Long efforts and perseverance of the girl were not in vain. The land came to life, the fields and valleys turned green, the trees in the gardens and forests blossomed, the meadows were full of flowers, the mountains were covered with forests. There was no one left on that land who would have seen the blue-eyed beauty, but her name was forever preserved in human memory, because the places where the girl lived have been called since then Kuban.

And today we will talk about the people through whose efforts our Kuban developed, became a great, fertile region of Russia.

Question: Children, tell me how you can call the people through whose efforts our Kuban develops becomes a great, fertile region of Russia? (famous)

So who are we going to talk about? occupation?

Answer: (O famous and famous people of Kuban)

caregiver: I suggest you refer to the explanatory dictionary. Give me the meaning of the words famous famous.

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov.

Famous- widely known illustrious.

Well-known - generally recognized, one whose activities everyone is well aware of, popular.

caregiver: That's right, today we will talk about our small Motherland about Kuban, and about those people who have made a huge contribution to its development. Of course, it is impossible for one occupation remember and tell about all our famous countrymen, but you will have the opportunity to learn more in the lessons Cuban studies, independently, and you can also refer to reference books, fiction.

Question: Children, what do you think, the name of which Russian Empress is associated with the history of our region? (Catherine II)

caregiver: That's right, it was Catherine II - the Russian Empress, who in 1792 signed the Highest Diploma on granting the Phanagoria Island and the right-bank territory to the Black Sea Army Kuban, from the mouth of the Laba River to the mouth of the Yei River.

caregiver: I will ask Diana to show on our map where the Krasnodar Territory is located.

In 1793, the resettlement of the Cossacks-Cossacks began on "granted land" Kuban region, the capital was founded - "military city" Ekaterinodar, the city which is now called Krasnodar. These historical events are associated with the names of two prominent people of that time - ataman Zakhary Chepega and military judge Anton Golovaty.

Zachary Chepega

"I found a place for a military city", and already in the wild forests of the Karasun Kut, axes rattled. The Cossacks prepared logs, dug ditches, poured ramparts. And so the fortress was born, from which a straight furrow was made with a plow, outlining the first street - the future Red.

Ataman Chepega strictly followed the construction, demanded that the new houses be strong and reliable, and at the same time made sure that the Cossacks did not cut down the forest unnecessarily, preserved trees and shrubs.

Chepega's indispensable assistant in all matters was military judge Anton Golovaty.

This fearless illustrious warrior opened in peacetime another talent: he turned out to be an excellent host, a skillful, efficient organizer, having time literally everywhere. No wonder the Cossacks joked that without a military judge "and the water shall not be sanctified".

Question: Tell me how you understand the meaning of the saying “Without it, even the water will not be sanctified”. What kind of person are they talking about?

Answer: (About a responsible person who takes a great part in everything)

caregiver: Golovaty bothered to get the Cossacks household: engaged in arable farming, gardening. He started public ponds for catching fish and crayfish, and he brought crayfish to Yekaterinodar from Temryuk - as many as three carts! Even the wheat came on Kuban thanks to the economic Anton Golovaty.

So at the end of the XVIII century appeared on Kuban people who worked tirelessly, making sure that the wild uncultivated land turned into a rich, strong, flourishing land.

My native land

My dear Krasnodar

And you Kuban is beautiful, –

My fate's pier

Here I was born

Grew up, without sorrow and troubles

And here I am to all descendants

I give great advice:

Appreciate our Motherland,

Do you love her

And guard carefully

We can't live without her

Nowhere is a better place

Where could you live!

Where everyone can rejoice

Laugh and love

You take care of groves, fields, green fields

And you will be famous Kuban land.

caregiver: Children, and we continue to talk with you about those people thanks to whom our Land has become so successful.

Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit and Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko. Two Kuban scientists-breeder whose achievements are known all over the world.

Dictionary word Breeder

A breeder is a scientist, his main goal is to improve various types of living organisms, they breed and improve new, more resistant to diseases, plant varieties, animal breeds.

History reference

Born on January 14, 1886 in the village of Taranovka, now the Zmiyovsky district of the Kharkov region. He graduated from a local school and a city college in the city of Zmiev. In 1926 he graduated Kuban agricultural institute. V. S. Pustovoit’s favorite plant was the sunflower; he conducted unique experiments not only with it, but also with winter wheat, rye, millet, corn, and various other field plants.

In memory of him, a bronze bust was erected on the territory of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds. Streets in Krasnodar and Armavir are named after the Hero (Krasnodar region).

Sunflower - this amazing "solar flower" brought to Russia in the 18th century. But at first, the Russian peasants did not know all its qualities, the people knew only a delicacy - fried seeds.

Question: Tell me, what else are sunflower seeds used for?

Answer: (From "solar flower" you can get very tasty and healthy sunflower oil. Margarine is also made from sunflower seeds, various medicinal ointments are prepared, soap is boiled, and used in traditional medicine. Sunflower seeds are considered an excellent vitamin supplier)

caregiver: "Bread dad" named Pavel Lukyanenko on Kuban, was born in 1901 in the village of Ivanovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. Interest in agriculture was determined by the young man in his school years and remained for life. In 1926 he graduated Kuban agricultural institute. From a young age, he dreamed of defeating the terrible enemy of wheat - a fungal rust disease that often ruined crops on a rich Kuban land. Lukyanenko was always surrounded by numerous employees and students who, together with him, conducted interesting and painstaking selection and genetic research.

SLIDE №10

The Krasnodar Breeding Station was transformed into the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture. P. P. Lukyanenko. He left people a precious inheritance - generous golden ears of corn. Kuban wheat.

caregiver: About fertility Kuban soils in Russia went legends: in Kuban it is enough to stick a stick in the ground for the cart to grow. Kuban wheat was considered the best in quality and in its production Kuban came out on top in Russia. Kuban began to be called"breadbasket of Russia", because every tenth loaf of bread in the country is baked from Kuban wheat. We have on Kuban say: "There will be bread - there will be food".

Question: For what people grow wheat?

Answer: (Wheat grains are ground into flour, and various pasta, confectionery, bread are made from flour, cereals are obtained from wheat grains. Wheat is used as pet food. It also contains starch, proteins, fat, fiber, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamins.

Wheat is worth Kuban

Among the busy fields

And melts in the ocean of bread

Green sail of poplars.

Noisy bread.

In hot weather

They bow to the ground

For the warmth of the Cossack soul,

For valor, courage and work.

Work with children: Explain the meaning and meaning of proverbs.

Proverbs and sayings about working people, about work.

1. A person lives for a century, and his deeds - two.

(A proverb about what a person has achieved in his life, his good deeds will be remembered and talked about for a long time people.)

2. For whom work is joy, for that life is happiness.

(A proverb that if a person likes to work, or does what he loves, then his work will surely bring him both spiritual joy and a prosperous life.)

3. Sitting on the stove, you won’t earn money on candles either.

(About work and laziness. If you mess around - you will be poor, you will be stubborn and industrious - you will succeed.)

4. If you suffer for a long time, something will turn out.

(It means that if you persevere in doing something, then there will definitely be a result)

5. Where he was born, he came in handy there.

(The proverb is said about a person who successfully realized his talent in the area where he was born, benefiting his native country, city and people around him.

caregiver: And now we will listen to the song and you will tell me is it familiar to you?

The anthem of the Krasnodar Territory sounds.

Question: Does anyone know what song this is?

We all know the words of the anthem of the Krasnodar Territory.

Question: Who knows who wrote the lyrics to the anthem?

Answer: Konstantin Obraztsov

caregiver: That's right, the author of this masterpiece is a field priest of the 1st Caucasian regiment Konstantin Obraztsov. The song is written with inspiration, and is dedicated to the Cossacks "in memory of their military glory". Father Konstantin, along with the Cossacks, endured all the difficulties of transitions, the troubles of military life. Father Konstantin admonished the mortally wounded, marveling at the courage of the Cossacks. The poems of K. Obraztsov, like his songs, are imbued with great love for the Fatherland, for his native home, they sing of the valor and fearlessness of the Russian warrior.

Song "You, Kuban you are our motherland" became popular. Flew all the stations. Entered the soul of every person. She gained her immortality. This lamentation song, confessional song, prayer song became an anthem Kuban region. And live this anthem forever, how to stand and live forever mighty Kuban.

SLIDE #15

Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky

This is an outstanding ophthalmologist, the regional hospital in the city of Krasnodar is named after him, in the courtyard of which a monument to the scientist is erected.

SLIDE #16

From 1921 to 1930, he received 145,000 patients and performed up to 5,000 operations. People, previously doomed to eternal blindness, received their sight. The name of Ochapovsky was passed from mouth to mouth and became the most famous in the North Caucasus.

caregiver: I would like to name another scientist Kuban

Ivan Grigorievich Savchenko.

Kuban professor, microbiologist. Created vaccines to combat epidemics of cholera, typhoid. When the Cossacks moved to Kuban they often had malaria.

dictionary word

Malaria (translated from Italian - "bad air", formerly known as "swamp fever") - a group of infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bites of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles ( "malarial mosquitoes")

This disease is accompanied by fever, chills, an increase in the size of the spleen and liver.

The situation was especially difficult in the region of Sochi and Adler. A solution was needed. Scientists have developed vaccines. The swampy areas were planted with eucalyptus, the roots of which, like a pump, sucked out water and drained the territory, and gambusia fish were launched into the reservoirs, which ate mosquito larvae.

SLIDE #18

After all, it was mosquitoes that carried malaria. So on Kuban defeated malaria, and in Adler, a monument was erected to the gambusia fish.

caregiver: I wanted to tell you about the artistic director of the State Academic Kuban Cossack choir - Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko.

SLIDE #19

Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko, artistic director of the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir, musicologist-folklorist, composer, choral conductor. He heard folk and spiritual songs from childhood, absorbed the Cossack traditions... He always had an incredibly strong desire to become a musician. And there lived in him some absolutely inner confidence that he would definitely become one.

In 1974, Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko headed the State Kuban Cossack Choir,

the team rose to the heights of creativity and gained worldwide fame. For 35 years of its activity on Kuban. G. Zakharchenko managed to fully realize his artistic aspirations and bring the team to new creative frontiers. Today the team consists of 146 artists. During the leadership of the choir, V. G. Zakharchenko turned the choir into an international-class ensemble. The choir's tour geography is boundless, it is applauded on five continents, in dozens of countries around the world.

SDLLIDE №20

And now I want to invite you to watch and listen to an excerpt from the Concert Kuban Cossack choir which took place in Izhevsk in the recreation center "Axion", and was dedicated to the Anniversary program "200 YEARS FOR THE GLORY KUBAN, FOR THE BENEFIT OF RUSSIA!" "Unharness, lads, horses"

caregiver: Kuban No wonder it is called the pearl of Russia. Its land is plentiful and fertile, its folk culture is unique and original, military and labor feats are glorious. Kuban.

SDLLIDE №21

steppe spaces,

High mountains,

Two gentle seas -

All this Kuban.

native station,

open faces,

Thick wheat -

All this Kuban.

And the farm, and the city,

Live without strife

They have their own speech

All this Kuban,

Do not look gloomily here

They don't walk around.

With your own culture

proud Kuban.

The people are Orthodox.

And his path is glorious.

Here they think about the main

And love Kuban.

funny wines,

Valley with flowers

And the poplar system -

All this Kuban.

Life of old streets

And new Krasnodar,

And the generosity of the bazaars -

All this Kuban.

And the song that cries!

And our Cossack spirit!

How much do you mean

For all of us, Kuban!

caregiver: For more than two centuries of the history of our region, there have been a lot of wonderful people who gave their strength, knowledge, health for the good of their native land.

Ataman Yakov Kukharenko - writer, historian, did a lot for education Kuban: under him, in the middle of the 19th century, the work of gymnasiums and schools revived.

Architects Alexander Kosyakin, Alexander Kozlov - presented Ekaterinodar and Kuban wonderful temples, residential buildings, buildings of educational institutions, which even now delight the eye and soul of any Kuban.

Botanist Ivan Kosenko has created an amazing arboretum in Krasnodar, where unique plants are collected, seedlings are grown for Kuban parks.

This list of glorious names can be continued. for a long time: because on Kuban hundreds of people worthy of eternal gratitude and memory of descendants.

They live next to you: they build new houses, raise planes into the sky, grow bread. They bring fame to our region with labor achievements, scientific discoveries, sports records. When you grow up, become the guardians of the earth Kuban - work hard, tirelessly, so that our land flourished, was even more fertile and more beautiful.

Dictionary word guardian

A guardian is a patron, a benefactor, a person who is zealous for something, takes care of something or someone.

Question: Pick up words synonyms (words close in meaning)- guardian, protector, caring, compassionate, trustee.

Summarizing

Question: About what famous people of the Kuban, we spoke today?

Zakhary Chepega - Cossack chieftain of the Black Sea Cossack army

Anton Golovaty - military judge of the Black Sea Cossack army

Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit is a scientist, a breeder who created high-oil varieties of sunflower.

Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko - scientist, breeder who worked on breeding new varieties of wheat

Konstantin Obraztsov - a camp priest of the 1st Caucasian regiment, the author of the words of the anthem of the Krasnodar Territory "You, Kuban you are our motherland

Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky - an outstanding ophthalmologist

Ivan Grigorievich Savchenko - Kuban professor, microbiologist

Zakharchenko Viktor Gavrilovich - artistic director of the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir

Ataman Yakov Kukharenko - writer, historian

Ivan Kosenko - a botanist created an amazing arboretum in Krasnodar

SLIDE #22

Question: Do you think these kind, honest, hardworking and talented people deserve it so that every schoolchild, every adult knows their names? (Yes)

On this our class is over. I hope that you will carry love and devotion to your Earth, your people through your whole life. We must remember, be proud and inherit the beauty and wealth of our small Motherland with you - Kuban. well-being Kuban its future depends on us.