Most Serene Princes Saltykovs. State affairs and Sergei Saltykov

His father, general-in-chief Ivan Alekseevich, was the son of the great-nephew of Empress Anna Ivanovna. Mother - Countess Tolstaya, Anastasia Petrovna. He began serving at the court as a private in the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, which he joined in 1748.

In 1747, together with his father, he participated in the campaign of the Russian corps on the Rhine. During the Seven Years' War, he fought in many battles with the Prussian troops. After the victory at Kunersdorf over Friedrich II, he was sent to St. Petersburg with a report from the commander-in-chief about the victory and was promoted to colonel. In 1761, under the command of Rumyantsev, he fought during the capture of Kolberg. Emperor Peter III promoted Saltykov to major general.

In 1763 he commanded troops located in Poland, and then took part in the Russian-Turkish war. In 1769 he assisted Prince Golitsyn in the siege and occupation of Khotyn, which Russian troops entered on September 10. For distinction in the war, he received the rank of lieutenant general and the Order of Alexander Nevsky, but soon, due to illness, he was forced to leave the army and go abroad for treatment; spent three years there, visiting Berlin and Paris.

Returning to Russia, he received from Catherine the rank of General-in-Chief and the post of Vice-President of the Military Collegium. At the same time, the Empress appointed Saltykov as chamberlain at the court of the heir to the throne. Together with Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, Saltykov visited Berlin in 1776, where the Grand Duke was betrothed to the niece of the Prussian King, Princess of Württemberg, and in 1781 and 1782 he accompanied the Grand Duke's family on their journey through Europe. On November 24, 1782, Catherine II awarded Saltykov with the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and then promoted him to Adjutant General and Lieutenant Colonel of the Life Guards of the Semyonovsky Regiment, appointing him a senator and member of the Council at the Imperial Court.

The following year, the Empress entrusted Nikolai Ivanovich with the education of her grandchildren Alexander and Konstantin. In 1790, during the celebration of peace with Sweden, Nikolai Ivanovich received the title of count of the Russian Empire, and then - 5 thousand peasant souls in the Polish territories annexed to Russia. For the upbringing of the Grand Dukes, he was presented with a house in St. Petersburg, 100 thousand rubles. and 25 thousand rubles. annual pension.

Having ascended the throne, Emperor Paul I promoted Count Saltykov on November 8, 1796 to the rank of Field Marshal General with the appointment of President of the Military Collegium. On the day of his coronation, Alexander I honored the count with his portrait, adorned with diamonds. With the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars, Saltykov was entrusted with the management of the committee of the established Zemsky Host. In the year of the Patriotic War, he was appointed chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers; these positions remained with him until the end of his life.

During the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, when Alexander I was with the army, Saltykov practically held the post of regent of the Russian state. After the return of the tsar to St. Petersburg, he was elevated on August 30, 1814 to the princely dignity of the Russian Empire with the title of lordship. According to Prince I.M. Dolgorukov, Saltykov "inwardly loved only himself and was not able to do good when it required some elasticity in character, perseverance in actions and firmness in rules."

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Saltykov, Nikolai Ivanovich

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Saltykov Nikolai Ivanovich (10/23/1736-05/16/1816), prince, field marshal general, son of general-in-chief Ivan Alekseevich Saltykov, great-nephew of the imp. Anna Ivanovna. In 1747, as a private of the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, he took part in a campaign against the Rhine. In 1761 he was a participant in the siege of Kolberg, in 1763-68 he commanded Russian troops in Poland, in 1769 he participated in the capture of Khotyn, in 1773 he was with the heir to the crown prince. Since 1783, he led the upbringing. princes Alexander, the future imp. Alexander I, and Konstantin Pavlovich. In 1784 he was appointed a member of the State Council, in 1788 - vice-president of the Military Collegium, and in 1790 - president of the Military Collegium and led the war with Poland in all the actions of the commander-in-chief, Prince. Repnin. In 1796 Saltykov was promoted to field marshal general. In 1806, he was entrusted with the management of the committee for the establishment of the zemstvo army, and in 1812 he received the appointment of chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers.

Used materials from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru

Saltykov Nikolai Ivanovich (October 31, 1736-May 30, 1816), count (1790), prince (1814), military and statesman, field marshal general (1796). His father, general-in-chief Ivan Alekseevich, was the son of the great-nephew of Empress Anna Ivanovna. Mother - Countess Anastasia Petrovna Tolstaya. He began serving at court as a private in the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, which he joined in 1748. In 1747, together with his father, he participated in the campaign of the Russian corps on the Rhine. During the Seven Years' War, he fought in many battles with the Prussian troops. After the victory at Kunersdorf, won on August 1, 1759 over Frederick II, he was sent to St. Petersburg with a report from the commander-in-chief about the victory and promoted to colonel. In 1761, under the command of Rumyantsev, he fought during the capture of Kolberg. Emperor Peter III promoted Saltykov to major general. In 1763 he commanded troops located in Poland, and then took part in the Russian-Turkish war. In 1769 he assisted Prince Golitsyn in the siege and occupation of Khotyn, which Russian troops entered on September 10. For distinction in the war, he received the rank of lieutenant general and the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, but soon, due to illness, he was forced to leave the army and go abroad for treatment; spent three years there, visiting Berlin and Paris. Returning to Russia, he received from Catherine the rank of General-in-Chief and the post of Vice-President of the Military Collegium. At the same time, the Empress appointed Saltykov as chamberlain at the court of the heir to the throne. Together with Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, Saltykov visited Berlin in 1776, where the Grand Duke was betrothed to the niece of the Prussian King, Princess of Württemberg, and in 1781 and 1782 he accompanied the Grand Duke's family on their journey through Europe. The following year, the Empress entrusted Nikolai Ivanovich with the education of her grandchildren Alexander and Konstantin. As early as November 24, 1782, Catherine II awarded Saltykov the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and then promoted him to adjutant general and lieutenant colonel of the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, appointing him a senator and member of the Council at the Imperial Court. In 1790, during the celebration of peace with Sweden, Nikolai Ivanovich received the title of count of the Russian Empire, and then - 5 thousand peasant souls in the Polish territories annexed to Russia. For the upbringing of the Grand Dukes, he was presented with a house in St. Petersburg, 100 thousand rubles. and 25 thousand rubles. annual pension. Having ascended the throne, Emperor Paul I promoted Count Saltykov on November 8, 1796 to the rank of Field Marshal General with the appointment of President of the Military Collegium. On the day of his coronation, Alexander I honored the count with his portrait, adorned with diamonds. With the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars, Saltykov was entrusted with the management of the committee of the established Zemsky Host. In the year of the Patriotic War of 1812 he was appointed chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers; these positions remained with him until the end of his life. During the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, when Alexander I was with the army, Saltykov practically held the post of regent of the Russian state. After the return of the tsar to St. Petersburg, he was elevated on August 30, 1814 to the princely dignity of the Russian Empire with the title of lordship. According to Prince I.M. Dolgorukov, Saltykov "inwardly loved only himself and was not able to do good when it required some elasticity in character, perseverance in actions and firmness in rules." Saltykov was married to Princess Natalia Vladimirovna Dolgorukova (1737-1812), sons - Dmitry (1767-1826), real chamberlain, Alexander (1775-1837) and Sergei (1777-1828).

Materials of the book are used: Sukhareva O.V. Who was who in Russia from Peter I to Paul I, Moscow, 2005

Saltykov Nikolai Ivanovich (1736 - 1816) - The son of General-in-Chief Ivan Alekseevich Saltykov from his marriage to Countess Anastasia Petrovna Tolstaya began serving as a private in the Life Guards of the Semenovsky Regiment. In 1747, together with his father, he participated in the campaign of the Russian corps on the Rhine. During the Seven Years' War, he fought in many battles with the Prussian troops. After the victory at Kunersdorf, won on August 1, 1759 over Frederick II, he was sent to St. Petersburg with a report from the commander-in-chief about the victory and promoted to colonel. In 1761, under the command of Rumyantsev, he fought during the capture of Kolberg.

Emperor Peter III promoted Saltykov to major general. In 1763, he commanded the troops located in Poland, and then took part in the Russian-Turkish war. In 1769, he assisted Prince Golitsyn in the siege and occupation of Khotyn, which Russian troops entered on September 10. For distinction in the war he received the rank of Lieutenant General and the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, but soon, due to illness, he was forced to leave the army and go abroad for treatment; spent three years there, visiting Berlin and Paris. Returning to Russia, he received from Catherine the 11th rank of general-in-chief and the post of vice-president of the Military Collegium. At the same time, the Empress appointed Saltykov as chamberlain at the court of the heir to the throne. Together with Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich Saltykov visited Berlin in 1776, where the Grand Duke was betrothed to the niece of the Prussian King, Princess of Württemberg, and in 1781 and 1782. accompanied the grand ducal family on their journey through Europe. The following year, the Empress entrusted Nikolai Ivanovich with the education of her grandchildren Alexander and Konstantin. On November 24, 1782, Catherine II awarded Saltykov the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and then promoted to adjutant general and lieutenant colonel of the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, appointing him a senator and member of the Council at the royal court.

In 1790, during the celebration of peace with Sweden, Nikolai Ivanovich received the title of count of the Russian Empire, and then - 5 thousand peasant souls in the Polish territories annexed to Russia. For the upbringing of the Grand Dukes, he was presented with a house in St. Petersburg, 100 thousand rubles and 25 thousand rubles of an annual pension. Having ascended the throne, Emperor Paul 1 promoted Count Saltykov on November 8, 1796 to the rank of Field Marshal General with the appointment of President of the Military Collegium. On the day of his coronation, Alexander 1 honored the count with his portrait, decorated with diamonds. With the beginning of the Napoleonic wars, Saltykov was entrusted with the management of the committee of the established zemstvo army. In the year of the Patriotic War, he was appointed chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers; these positions remained with him until the end of his life. During the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, when Alexander 1 was with the army, Saltykov practically held the post of regent of the Russian state. After the return of the tsar to St. Petersburg, on August 30, 1814, he was elevated to the princely dignity of the Russian Empire with the title of lordship.

According to Prince I. M. Dolgorukov, Saltykov “inwardly loved only himself and was not able to do good when it required some elasticity in character, perseverance in actions and firmness in rules.”

N. I. Saltykov was married to Princess Natalya Vladimirovna Dolgorukova, with whom he lived for more than half a century. Died 16 May 1816

Book materials used: Solovyov B.I. Field Marshals of Russia. Rostov-on-Don, "Phoenix" 2000

!All dates are given according to the old style!

Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov, son of General-in-Chief Ivan Alekseevich, great-nephew of Empress Anna Ioannovna, whose parent, Empress Paraskeviia Feodorovna, was from the Saltykov family, was born on October 31, 1736. Despite his noble origin, he entered the service as a private of the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment at the same time that Empress Elisaveta sent (in 1747) a thirty-seven thousandth corps to the Rhine in aid of Maria Theresa, through which she contributed to the conclusion of the Peace of Aachen. Saltykov was in this building, together with his father, under the general command of Feldzeugmeister General Prince Vasily Anikitich Repnin. Then he participated in the victories of the Russians in Prussia; was sent to St. Petersburg with a report from the commander-in-chief about the famous battle of Frankfurt, won on August 1, 1759 over Frederick the Great; promoted to colonel; fought under the banner of Rumyantsev, during the capture of Kolberg in 1761; he was granted the rank of major general by Emperor Peter III, and, after that, from 1763 to 1768, he alternately led the Russian army in Poland, where he gained general love and respect for himself; contributed to the capture of Khotin by Prince Golitsyn on September 10, 1769; but was compelled to leave the army the following year, on account of poor health.

Empress Catherine II bestowed special awards on such an active service: in 1766 she granted Nikolai Ivanovich the Order of St. Anna; in 1768 the rank of lieutenant general; in 1769 the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Going to foreign lands, he was on the waters of Pyrmont and Aachen, spent some time at the court of Frederick II and one winter in Paris. His journey lasted three years, but did not diminish the favor of the Empress for him, who made Nikolai Ivanovich, in 1773, general-in-chief and vice-president of the Military Collegium; ordered him to be with the heir to the throne, instead of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin, who was then in charge of the Department of Foreign Affairs. In this honorary title, he accompanied the Grand Duke in Berlin, in 1776, during his betrothal to the niece of the King of Prussia, Princess of Wirtemberg-Stuttgart, who later was Empress Maria Feodorovna; was with Pavel Petrovich when he traveled in foreign lands under the name Northern Earl - and left him, in 1783, in order to completely devote himself to the education of two great princes: Alexander Pavlovich and Konstantin Pavlovich.

The important commission of the Monarchine, guided by wisdom and tender love for her grandchildren, serves as the best evidence of the merits and virtues of Nikolai Ivanovich, who gained him only flattering confidence. It is impossible to read with indifference the letters that the heir to the throne honored him at that time. Saltykov's place was taken by Count Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin. “I don’t know him in any way,” Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich wrote, “but I always heard him as an honest man. in intercourse with us you will remain; but no less than another, and you are not with us. Further: "My friendship made me write to you about this; now I found out that I love you directly: for the first two explications about this (with the Empress), and the days have not passed without tears. You will allow me to regret myself and so on." The empress continued, meanwhile, to distinguish the merits of Nikolai Ivanovich: on November 24, 1782, she conferred on him the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, later promoted him to adjutant general, lieutenant colonel of the Life Guards of the Semenovsky regiment, senator, member of the State Council and ordered, in 1788, manage the War Department. At the conclusion of peace with Sweden, in 1790, Nikolai Ivanovich received the dignity of a count, and on the occasion of reconciliation with the Ottoman Port, in 1791, five thousand peasants in the newly acquired Poland. In addition, for the upbringing of the great princes, he was granted: one hundred thousand rubles at a time, twenty-five thousand annual pension, a house in St. Petersburg and a silver service.

Having ascended the throne, Emperor Paul I elevated Count Saltykov, on November 8, 1796, to the honorary dignity of Field Marshal; ordered to be the President of the Military Collegium; lieutenant and chamberlain of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (in 1799); finally, the foreman of the Greek Priory. No less than Count Nikolai Ivanovich was favored by the Emperor Alexander, who: on the day of the coronation granted him his portrait, decorated with diamonds; in the first war with Napoleon, he entrusted the management of the Committee, established (in 1806) by the zemstvo troops; in the memorable year 1812 he named him chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers. He remained in this rank for four years, until the return of the Sovereign Emperor to St. Petersburg; elevated on August 30, 1814 to the hereditary title of a Russian prince; By the highest order, given on the same date, an officer guard was ordered to be with him. In addition to all Russian orders, he had (excluding St. George, established after Saltykov left military service): the Polish White Eagle and the French: the Carmelite Mother of God and St. Lazarus.

At the end of 1815, Prince Saltykov developed water sickness, which was later joined by Antonov's fire in his legs. Severe suffering did not shake the firmness of the spirit of the venerable old man, who turned gray in the exploits of virtue. Faith accompanied him to another life: he calmed his relatives and friends, and a few minutes before his death, he blessed his pupil, friend, his Monarch, who repeatedly visited the sufferer. Unable to explain the feelings of his heart, the dying loyalist pressed Tsarev's hand to his barely beating heart and, raising his gaze to the sky, seemed to be asking him for the goodness of the Almighty. On May 16, 1816, he finished his laborious career, at the age of eightieth, and at the sixty-eighth year of service to the fatherland.

Despite his high rank, Prince Nikolai Ivanovich was accessible to everyone, affable in manner, condescending to the shortcomings of others, and being a true connoisseur of virtues, did not offend anyone with distrust without a good reason. To do good was a sacred law and pleasure for him; punish - chagrin. Never did a poor man who needed help leave his house without assistance. With a cheerful, meek disposition, he knew how to hide his grief in the depths of his heart, so that his appearance would not even upset people who were devoted to him. When in 1812, on September 7, they came to announce to him the death of his wife, with whom he lived for fifty years in perfect harmony, almost inseparably: they found a true Christian, kneeling before the image of the Savior. “God!” he then cried to the Almighty. “You united us on earth, do not separate us in heaven, and no matter what blow you send to me, my faith in you will not weaken.” Illuminated by the purest teaching, he did not start daily studies without calling on the Almighty for help, and rising very early, devoted more than an hour to prayer; but even at that moment, when he surrendered to God with all his heart and soul, anyone who had need before him could interrupt his studies - and the venerable elder, having fulfilled the duty of philanthropy, turned again to prayer.

Dm. Bantysh-Kamensky. "BIOGRAPHY OF THE RUSSIAN GENERALISSIMO AND GENERAL FIELD MARSHAL".
St. Petersburg 1840

The man played a significant role in the life of the Empress, but the figure of Saltykov is still covered with a veil of mystery. The biography of the favorite seems to begin with the arrival at the court - and ends at the moment when he ceases to be interesting to Catherine.

Childhood and youth

The early years of Sergei Saltykov are little reflected in historical documents. His father is General-in-Chief Vasily Fedorovich Saltykov, a man with a difficult fate and a difficult personal life. The few surviving testimonies indicate that his character was difficult.

There is no exact information about the mother of the favorite at all. The documents indicate that she was Marya Alekseevna Golitsyna, allegedly close to the queen. However, the existence of this woman is not recorded in any documents, except for the only letter from Vasily Adadurov, from which it follows that she was listed as a lady of state and was a distant relative of the royal family.

So far, no official evidence has been found of Vasily Saltykov having children. As for Marya Saltykova, the woman could not be found even on the Golitsyn family tree. No information was found about the childhood and adolescence of the future favorite. One can only guess what kind of child he was.

Career

The story of Saltykov begins directly at the court, to which a man arrives as a chamberlain of the heir to the throne,. Perhaps the reason for this beginning of court life lies in maternal ties. Already by 1752, the small court lies at the feet of a young, handsome and charismatic nobleman. The ladies-in-waiting adored him, and the heir, not yet the tsar, but the Grand Duke, makes Saltykov his confidant. The result of such a career was an abundance of rumors, which forced Sergei to leave for Moscow a year later.

Before Elizabeth, Peter III himself asked for Saltykov, which indicates the highest level of trust in the future emperor. After Sergei Vasilievich returned to court, he quickly became close to Catherine. Events developed so rapidly that there are suspicions whether Elizabeth brought the man together with Paul's wife in order to get the heir to the throne.

The fact is that Peter III in the role of a husband was specific and for a long time did not want to fulfill his marital duty. War games and soldiers interested the future emperor much more than a young wife. Perhaps there was no intimate relationship in the crowned couple at all throughout the entire marriage.

In any case, the love affair between Sergei and Catherine the Great began at the initiative of a man. The future empress was too young and full of her own dignity to immediately begin to change her spouse. However, the young nobleman admired her - he was smart, good-looking and comprehensively educated. Ekaterina tried to cope with feelings for six months. Then Peter, perhaps with the help of Elizabeth, became interested in another woman. So, in addition to her own attraction, Catherine's motive was revenge on her unfaithful husband.

The personal life of the heir to the throne could hardly be called exemplary. Having healed after a certain operation (possibly circumcision), from male weakness, the Grand Duke changed his favorites. During this period, his lover was Elizaveta Vorontsova, which surprised the courtiers - the woman was considered extremely unattractive, although not without intelligence.

Catherine, too, no longer particularly concealed the presence of an affair on the side. By December 1752, she was pregnant, but the affair ended in a miscarriage. The second pregnancy was not long in coming, and already in September 1754, Pavel Petrovich, the future Emperor Paul I, was born. Not only rumors, but also portraits indicate the probable paternity of Saltykov - the resemblance of the favorite to the emperor is obvious. Peter's doubts turned out to be so great that in his Manifesto he not only did not designate his son as the heir, but did not mention it at all.

Sergei Saltykov and Paul I are similar

Saltykov at this time begins his diplomatic career, serving as an envoy, first to Sweden, and then to Hamburg. During this period, they conducted extensive correspondence with Catherine. She continued to favor the man, and a very warm welcome awaited him in Zerbst - Catherine provided the diplomat with recommendations.

He did not happen to be the favorite of Catherine, who became the Empress. A month after the accession of a woman to the throne, Saltykov was given 10 thousand rubles. and sent to Paris as minister plenipotentiary. There was little sense in this - for such a position the man was too frivolous. The stay in Paris ended with debts and a stream of complaints against the minister.

In 1763, Sergei Vasilyevich was appointed to a position in Regensburg, but already in the spring of 1764, the empress responded condescendingly and ironically to the proposal to send Saltykov to Dresden instead of Simolin, calling the former favorite the "fifth wheel."

This is where the official information about Saltykov ends.

Personal life

At the age of 24, Sergei Vasilyevich married the maid of honor Matryona Pavlovna Balk, this marriage was the only one in his life. The diplomat's wife turned out to be obviously pious and donated a lot of money to the Assumption Cathedral. There is no information about the presence of a couple of children. Saltykov's wife died in 1813 while at her home in Moscow. The lane near which this house stood was named Saltykovsky.

Contrary to popular rumors, Sergey Vasilyevich has nothing to do with the infamous sadist Saltychikha. The woman belonged to the Saltykov family through her husband and was not a blood relative. The nobleman did not take any part in the fate and death of Saltychikha and was not interested in her in any way.

Death

The circumstances of death are not known for certain. According to rumors, being already an elderly man, he went to Paris and disappeared during the revolution. There are speculations that Saltykov still lived up to the accession of Paul I and, perhaps, even knew him. The cause of death is not specified anywhere.

The only surviving portrait of Sergei Saltykov

The year 1807 is mentioned as the year of the death of Sergei Vasilyevich, but no one can vouch for the reliability of this information.

Memory

2014 - "Catherine" (TV series), actor
2015 - "" (TV series), actor
2018 - "" (TV series), actor