Grand Duke of Vladimir Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich - Vladimir - History - Articles catalog - Unconditional love. Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, father of Alexander Nevsky

Yaroslav(Theodore)Vsevolodovich (February 8, 1190 or 1191 - September 30, 1246 ), in baptism Fedor is a son.
Reign:
- prince Pereyaslavsky: 1200-1206;
- prince Pereyaslavl-Zalessky: 1212-1238;
- Grand Duke Kyiv: 1236-1238, 1243-1246;
- Grand Duke Vladimirsky: 1238-1246;
- prince Novgorod: 1215, 1221-1223, 1226-1229, 1231-1236.
AT 1200 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was sent by his father to rule in Pereyaslavl.
AT 1206, after the death and the beginning of the struggle for power in Galich, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich at the invitation of the Hungarian king, he went to Galich, but before him there was a representative of the Chernigov Olgovichi, Vladimir Igorevich.
AT 1206 godet Vsevolod Chermny, who occupied Kyiv, drove out Yaroslav between older brothers, Konstantin and Yuri from Pereyaslavl and planted his son Mikhail there.
AT 1208 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich participated in the campaign against Ryazan and temporarily became the viceroy of his father, in the Ryazan principality, with the exception of Pronsk.
AT 1215, when Mstislav Udatny left for the south, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was called to reign in Veliky Novgorod. A struggle began between the princes of Vladimir and Smolensk, which continued intermittently until 1216. During one of the reconciliations Yaroslav Vsevolodovich married a second marriage to the daughter of Mstislav Udatny.
AT 1212 sick handed Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Pereyaslavl-Zalessky.
In the conflict between the older brothers, and that arose after the death of his father, Yaroslav supported and was defeated along with in, which occurred in 1216.

The reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Novgorod and Kyiv.

AT 1222 after a campaign near Kes 12,000 troops led by a younger brother Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Svyatoslav (in alliance with the Lithuanians) nephew Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Vsevolod left Novgorod for Vladimir, and was invited to reign in Novgorod Yaroslav Vsevolodovich.
AT 1222 and 1223 there were mass uprisings of Estonians against the power of the crusaders and their suppression.
August 15, 1223 Crusaders took Viljandi, where the Russian garrison was located. Henry of Latvia writes: As for the Russians who were in the castle, who came to the aid of the apostates, after the capture of the castle they were all hanged in front of the castle for the fear of other Russians ...“. Speaker from Novgorod not earlier than July 1223 Novgorod-Vladimir army led by Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not have time to help the garrison of Viljandi, but conducted a campaign near Revel, after which Vsevolod Yuryevich again became the prince of Novgorod.
AT 1225 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich replaced Mikhail Chernigov in Novgorod. In the same year, 7,000 Lithuanians devastated the villages near Torzhok, only three miles before reaching the city, killed many merchants and captured the entire Toropets volost. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich caught up with them near Usvyat and defeated them, destroying 2000 people and taking away the booty.
AT 1227 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went along with the Novgorodians to pit (pit- finnish tribe) and repelled a retaliatory attack the following year. AT 1227 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich carried out the baptism of the tribe Korela.
AT 1226, after being approved in the Chernigov reign, Mikhail Vsevolodovich entered into a fight with Yaroslav Vsevolodovich for Novgorod. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich suspected, married to the sister of Mikhail, in alliance with him, and entered into negotiations with the nephews of Konstantinovich, but the conflict did not flare up, as in 1229 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and nephews recognized as father and master.
AT 1231 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and his brother invaded the Principality of Chernigov, burned Serensk and besieged Mosalsk, after which the throne of Novgorod was occupied for a century only by descendants.
AT 1232 Pope Gregory IX called on the knights of the Order of the Sword to fight the Novgorodians, who were preventing the Catholicization of the Finnish tribes.
AT 1234 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich invaded the possessions of the Order near Derpt and defeated the crusaders in the battle on Omovzha. As a result, a peace treaty was signed between Novgorod and the Order, according to which the eastern and southern parts of the Derpt bishopric went to Pskov.
AT 1236 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich with the help of the Novgorodians, he established himself in Kyiv, which stopped the struggle between the Chernigov-Seversky and Smolensk princes for the Kyiv throne and concentrated two key princely tables together with his older brother at the time when the Mongols invaded. In Novgorod Yaroslav Vsevolodovich left his son Alexander (the future Nevsky) as his representative.

The reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Vladimir

Chorikov B. Grand Duke Yaroslav, after the ruin of Rus' by the Tatars, resumes the city
spring 1238 after the defeat of North-Eastern Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars and the death of the Grand Duke of Vladimir, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich returned to the Vladimir-Suzdal land, and as the next brother in seniority, he took the Vladimir Grand Duke's table.

AT 1239 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went near Smolensk to expel the Lithuanian regiments, almost simultaneously with the Chernigov-Galician campaign against Lithuania. The representative of the local dynasty, Vsevolod Mstislavich, returned to the throne. At the same time, the Mongols ravaged Ryazan (secondarily), Murom, Nizhny Novgorod and Pereyaslavl-Russian. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not resist them.
Autumn 1239, as fixes, after the capture of Chernigov by the Mongols, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich captured the family of Mikhail Chernigov in Kamenets on the Kiev-Volyn border. It's related to travel. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to the south, as a result of which Kyiv was occupied by a representative of the Smolensk dynasty, Rostislav Mstislavich.
AT 1242 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich sent an army led by his son Andrei to help the Novgorodians against the Livonian knights ().
AT 1243 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich the first of the Russian princes was called to k. It was approved in the Vladimir and Kiev princedoms and was recognized " grow old with all the prince in the Russian language“. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not go to Kyiv (putting Dmitry Yeikovich as governor there), but chose Vladimir as his residence, thereby completing the long process of moving the nominal capital of Rus' from Kyiv to Vladimir, which had begun yet.
A son remained in the Horde Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Konstantin. AT 1245 he was released and said that the khan demands to himself Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich with brothers and nephews came to. Some of the cases were resolved in the Horde, Svyatoslav and Ivan Vsevolodovichi with their nephews went home, and Yaroslav Vsevolodovich sent to the capital - Karakorum. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich set off on a long journey and in August 1246 arrived in, where he witnessed the accession of the great.

Death of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich confirmed label in 1246 at . Yaroslav Vsevolodovich they called to the mother of the great khan - Turakina, who, as if wanting to honor the Russian prince, gave him food and drink from her own hands. Returning from the khansha, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich fell ill and died seven days later on September 30, 1246, and his body turned blue in an amazing way, which is why everyone thought that the khansha had poisoned him. Almost simultaneously, on September 20, 1946, the second of the three most influential Russian princes, 67-year-old Mikhail Vsevolodovich Chernigovsky, who, according to legend, refused to undergo the rite of pagan worship, was killed in the Volga Horde. A year earlier, during a personal visit, he admitted dependence on the khans.

Family of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

First wife: since 1205, the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Yuri Konchakovich.
Second wife: from 1214, Rostislav-Theodosius, tonsured Euphrosyne (? -1244), daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny, Prince of Toropetsk. When Yaroslav Vsevolodovich failed in the fight against the princes, including his father-in-law, Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny took his daughter to him and did not give it away, despite the pleas of her husband. She did return soon after. Some researchers believe that Yaroslav divorced his second wife by 1216. And by 1218 he married for the third time Theodosius / Euphrosyne, the daughter of Igor Glebovich.
Children:
Fedor(1220-1233), Prince of Novgorod, died before his wedding at the age of 13.
Alexander Nevskiy(1221-1263), Prince Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
name unknown(1222-1238), Prince of Tver.
Andrey(1225-1264), Prince of Suzdal, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
Michael Horobrit(1226-1248), Prince of Moscow, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
Daniel (1227-1256).
Yaroslav(1229-1271), Prince of Tver, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
Konstantin(1231-1255), Prince Galich-Mersky.
Athanasius(born and died 1239).
Maria(born and died 1240).
Vasily Kvashnya(1241-1276), Prince of Kostroma, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
Ulyana (Evdokia) (born and d. 1243).
five sons Yaroslav Mikhail, Andrei, Alexander, Yaroslav, Vasily were the great princes of Vladimir in the period from 1248 to 1277. Fedor, Alexander and Yaroslav were also princes of Novgorod.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich is one of the three sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest (brothers Yuri and Konstantin) In 1216, Yaroslav and Yuri fought Konstantin and the Novgorod prince Mstislav Udaly on the Lipetsk field near Yurye-Polsky. Konstantin won.

Yaroslav II (Theodore) Vsevolodovich (1190 - 1246) - Prince of Novgorod, later Grand Duke, father of St. Alexander Nevsky. In 1201, Yaroslav was appointed by his father (Vsevolod III the Big Nest) Prince of Southern Pereyaslavl. In 1203 he went to the Polovtsians. In 1206, the inhabitants of the city of Galich (in Chervonnaya Rus) elected him a prince, but Yaroslav was expelled from there by Prince Rurik Rostislavich and his allies, who decided to give Galich to Vladimir Igorevich, the prince of Seversk. Yaroslav returned to his Pereyaslavl, but from there he was soon expelled by Vsevolod Chermny, the prince of Chernigov. In 1208, Yaroslav was sent by his father to reign in Ryazan, after the campaign of Vsevolod III against the Ryazan principality, in which Yaroslav also took part. Ryazanians soon rebelled against Yaroslav, for which Ryazan was burned by Vsevolod, and Yaroslav retired to the Vladimir principality. In 1209, Yaroslav was sent by his father along with his older brothers against Novgorod, who wanted to install Mstislav Mstislavich as his prince, which Vsevolod III did not like; the matter ended with the reconciliation of the parties. After the death of Vsevolod III (1212), in the struggle of his elder brothers over the great reign, Yaroslav took the side of Yuri against Constantine. In 1215, Yaroslav was invited to the princely table by the Novgorodians, where he was solemnly received by Archbishop Anthony and the inhabitants. He began to reign with incredible severity and autocracy, seized the Novgorod thousand (Yakun Zubolomich) and the Novotorzhsky posadnik and sent them in chains to Tver, and he himself, having settled in Torzhok, stopped the delivery of bread to Novgorod. Novgorodians twice sent ambassadors to him, wanting reconciliation, but Yaroslav continued to act as before. Then Mstislav Udaloy (their former prince) and Yaroslav's brother Konstantin took the side of the Novgorodians; Yuri stood up for Yaroslav, but both of the latter were utterly defeated in the battle on the Lipica River (April 21, 1216). In 1222, we again see Yaroslav as Prince of Novgorod, at the invitation of the Novgorodians. In the same year, Yaroslav went with the Novgorodians to the city of Kolyvan (Revel), ruined the entire Peipsi land, took a lot of booty and was full, but he could not take the city. Soon Yaroslav voluntarily left Novgorod (about 1224). In 1225, the Novgorod land was subjected to a devastating raid by the Lithuanians, and Yaroslav, "taking pity" on the Novgorodians, according to the chroniclers, came out with other princes against the Lithuanians; the latter were defeated near Usvyat, their booty was recaptured, and some of their princes were taken prisoner. After that, the Novgorodians strenuously called Yaroslav to their place, and he agreed. In the winter of 1226, Yaroslav went to Finland to Yem (Yam), "where, according to the chronicle, not a single Russian prince can be, and the whole land of their captivity." In 1227, without any violence on his part, he baptized the Korels, the neighbors of Yemi. In the same year, Yaroslav quarreled with the Novgorodians over Pskov, which he wanted to completely subordinate to his will; he demanded that the Novgorodians go with him to Pskov, but they refused. Yaroslav left for Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, leaving his sons (Fyodor and Alexander) in Novgorod. In the same 1228, Yaroslav participated in the campaign of his brother Yuri against Mordva, then captured the Volok Novgorod volost; Novgorodians sent ambassadors demanding the return of Volok; Yaroslav not only did not give him up, but kept the ambassador in captivity. In 1230, Yaroslav was again called to reign by the Novgorodians. In 1234, he spoke out against the Germans who attacked the Novgorod-Pskov lands; the Germans were defeated and made peace; at the same time there was a defeat for the Lithuanians. In 1236, Yaroslav, at the insistence of his brother Yuri (Grand Duke of Vladimir) and Daniel of Galicia, occupied the throne of Kyiv, leaving his son Alexander (Nevsky) in Novgorod. On March 4, 1238, Yuri, the Grand Duke of Vladimir, fell in a battle with the Tatars on the River City, and Yaroslav, by right of seniority, took the throne of the Grand Duke in Vladimir. At this time, his capital city was a heap of ruins. Yaroslav first of all took care of putting the capital in order, of cleansing it of the corpses that filled not only courtyards and streets, but even temples; then he tried to gather and encourage the inhabitants who had fled from the Tatar invasion. The Lithuanians, taking advantage of the cramped position of the north-east of Rus', disturbed Smolensk. Yaroslav went against them, defeated and captured their prince. The peaceful activity of Yaroslav was disturbed by a new raid of the Tatars on the Suzdal land (the ruin of Murom) in 1239. Batu, having established his residence in Sarai, demanded the bow of the Russian princes. Yaroslav went to Sarai in 1243, and sent his son Konstantin to Tataria to the great khan. Batu received and released Yaroslav with honor and gave him seniority in all of Rus'. In 1245, Yaroslav, together with his brothers (Svyatoslav and Ivan) and nephews, went to the Horde for the second time. His companions returned to their homelands, and Yaroslav Batu sent to the banks of the Amur to the great khan. Here he had to accept "a lot of languor", in the words of the chronicler: according to some legends, some kind of intrigue was waged against him, the actors of which are the boyar Fyodor Yarunovich and the khansha, who, under the guise of a treat, brought poison to Yaroslav. The Grand Duke left the Khan already sick; a week later (September 30, 1246) he died on the road. The body of Yaroslav was brought to Vladimir, where he was buried in the Assumption Cathedral.

Yaroslav (Theodore) Vsevolodovich(February 8, 1190 or 1191 - September 30, 1246), in baptism Fedor is the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Prince of Pereyaslavl (1200-1206), Prince of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky (1212-1238), Grand Duke of Kyiv (1236-1238, 1243-1246), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1238-1246), Prince of Novgorod (1215, 1221-1223, 1226-1229, 1231-1236).

Early biography

In 1200, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule in Pereyaslavl. In 1206, after the death of Roman of Galicia and the beginning of the struggle for power in Galich, Yaroslav, at the invitation of the Hungarian king, went to Galich, but Vladimir Igorevich, a representative of the Chernigov Olgovichi, managed to go there before him. In response, Vsevolod Chermny, who occupied Kyiv, expelled Yaroslav from Pereyaslavl in 1206 and planted his son Mikhail there. In 1208, Yaroslav participated in the campaign against Ryazan and temporarily became his father's viceroy in the Ryazan principality, with the exception of Pronsk.

In 1215, when Mstislav Udatny left for the south, Yaroslav was called to reign in Veliky Novgorod. A struggle began between the princes of Vladimir and Smolensk, which continued intermittently until 1216. During one of the reconciliations, Yaroslav married a second marriage to the daughter of Mstislav Udatny.

Already being mortally ill, Vsevolod gave him Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. In the conflict that arose after the death of his father between his older brothers, Konstantin and Yuri, Yaroslav supported Yuri and was defeated along with him in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216).

Reigning in Novgorod and Kyiv

In 1222, after a campaign near Kes of a 12,000-strong army led by Yaroslav's younger brother Svyatoslav (in alliance with the Lithuanians), Yaroslav's nephew Vsevolod left Novgorod for Vladimir, and Yaroslav was invited to reign in Novgorod.

The period of 1222-1223 includes mass uprisings of Estonians against the power of the crusaders and their suppression. On August 15, 1223, the crusaders took Viljandi, where the Russian garrison was located. Henry of Latvia writes: As for the Russians who were in the castle, who came to the aid of the apostates, after the capture of the castle they were all hanged in front of the castle for the fear of other Russians ... Meanwhile, the elders from Sakkala were sent to Russia with money and many gifts to try to see if it would be possible to summon the Russian kings to help against the Teutons and all Latins. And the king of Suzdal sent his brother, and with him a lot of troops to help the Novgorodians; and the Novgorodians and the king of Pskov with his townspeople went with him, and there were about twenty thousand people in the army The Novgorod-Vladimir army, which set out from Novgorod not earlier than July, led by Yaroslav, did not have time to help the Viljandi garrison, but conducted a campaign near Revel, after which Vsevolod Yuryevich again became the prince of Novgorod.

In 1225 Yaroslav replaced Mikhail of Chernigov in Novgorod. In the same year, 7,000 Lithuanians devastated the villages near Torzhok, only three miles before reaching the city, killed many merchants and captured the entire Toropets volost. Yaroslav overtook them near Usvyat and defeated them, destroying 2000 people and taking away the booty. In 1227, Yaroslav went to the pit with the Novgorodians and repelled a retaliatory attack the following year. In the same year, 1227, he carried out the baptism of the Korela tribe.

After being approved for the reign of Chernigov (1226), Mikhail Vsevolodovich entered into a struggle with Yaroslav for Novgorod. Yaroslav suspected Yuri, who was married to Mikhail's sister, in alliance with him, and entered into negotiations with the nephews Konstantinovich, but the conflict did not flare up: Yaroslav and his nephews recognized Yuri father and master(1229). In 1231, Yaroslav and his brother Yuri of Vladimir invaded the Chernigov Principality, burned Serensk and besieged Mosalsk, after which the throne of Novgorod was occupied for a century only by the descendants of Vsevolod the Big Nest.

In 1228, Yaroslav brought regiments from the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, intending to go to Riga, but the plan was upset because the Pskovites made peace with the order and feared that Yaroslav was actually planning to go to Pskov, and the Novgorodians refused to go without the Pskovians. In 1232, Pope Gregory IX called on the knights of the Order of the Sword to fight the Novgorodians, who were preventing the Catholicization of the Finnish tribes. In 1234, Yaroslav invaded the possessions of the Order near Dorpat and defeated the crusaders in the battle on Omovzha. As a result, a peace treaty was signed between Novgorod and the Order, according to which the eastern and southern parts of the Derpt bishopric went to Pskov.

In 1236, Yaroslav, with the help of the Novgorodians, established himself in Kyiv, which stopped the struggle between the Chernigov-Seversky and Smolensk princes for him and concentrated, together with his elder brother Yuri Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky, two key princely tables at the time when the Mongols invaded Volga Bulgaria. In Novgorod, Yaroslav left his son Alexander (the future Nevsky) as his representative.

Reigning in Vladimir

In the spring of 1238, after the defeat of North-Eastern Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars and the death of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, Yaroslav returned to the Vladimir-Suzdal land, and, as the next brother in seniority, took the Vladimir Grand Duke's table. In 1239, he went near Smolensk to drive out the Lithuanian regiments, almost simultaneously with the Chernigov-Galician campaign against Lithuania. The representative of the local dynasty, Vsevolod Mstislavich, returned to the throne. Around the same time, the Mongols ravaged Ryazan (secondarily), Murom, Nizhny Novgorod and Pereyaslavl-Russian. Yaroslav did not oppose them.

Chorikov B. Grand Duke Yaroslav, after the devastation of Rus' by the Tatars, resumes cities

After the capture of Chernigov by the Mongols in the autumn of 1239, the Laurentian Chronicle records the capture Yaroslav family of Mikhail of Chernigov in Kamenets on the Kiev-Volyn border. Gorsky A.A. connects this with the campaign of Yaroslav to the south, as a result of which Kyiv was occupied by the representative of the Smolensk dynasty, Rostislav Mstislavich. According to another point of view (Grushevsky M.S., Mayorov A.V.), the capture of Mikhail's family was carried out by Yaroslav Ingvarevich, assistant of Daniil Galitsky.

In 1242, Yaroslav sent an army led by his son Andrei to help the Novgorodians against the Livonian knights (Battle on the Ice).

In 1243, Yaroslav was the first of the Russian princes to be summoned to the Golden Horde to Batu. It was approved in the Vladimir and, apparently, Kiev principalities and was recognized " grow old with all the prince in the Russian language". Yaroslav did not go to Kyiv (putting Dmitri Yeikovich as governor there), but chose Vladimir as his residence, thereby completing the long process of moving the nominal capital of Rus' from Kyiv to Vladimir, begun by Andrey Bogolyubsky.

Yaroslav's son Konstantin remained in the Horde. In 1245 he was released and told that the khan demanded Yaroslav himself. Yaroslav with his brothers and nephews came to Batu. Some of the cases were resolved in the Horde, Svyatoslav and Ivan Vsevolodovich and their nephews went home, and Batu sent Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to the capital of the Mongol Empire - Karakorum. Yaroslav set off on a long journey and in August 1246 arrived in Mongolia, where he witnessed the accession of the great Khan Guyuk.

Death

Yaroslav confirmed the label in 1246 with Khan Guyuk. Yaroslav was called to the mother of the Great Khan - Turakina, who, as if wanting to honor the Russian prince, gave him food and drink from her own hands. Returning from the khansha, Yaroslav fell ill and died seven days later on September 30, and his body turned blue in an amazing way, which is why everyone thought that the khansha had poisoned him. Almost simultaneously (September 20), the second of the three most influential Russian princes was killed in the Volga Horde - 67-year-old Mikhail Vsevolodovich Chernigovsky, who, according to legend, refused to undergo the rite of pagan worship (almost a year earlier, Daniil Galitsky, during a personal visit to Batu, admitted dependence on the khans).

Marriage and children

First wife: since 1205, daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Yuri Konchakovich.
Second wife: from 1214, Rostislav-Feodosiya, in tonsure Euphrosyne (? -1244), daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny, Prince of Toropetsk. When Yaroslav failed in the fight against the princes, including his father-in-law, he took his daughter to him and did not give it away, despite the pleas of her husband. She did return soon after. It was she, apparently, who was the mother of all his sons.
Some researchers believe that Yaroslav divorced his second wife by 1216. And by 1218 he married for the third time Theodosius / Efrosinya, the daughter of Igor Glebovich, from whom all the children were born.

Fedor(1220-1233), Prince of Novgorod, died before his wedding at the age of 13
Alexander Nevskiy(1221-1263), prince of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Vladimir
name unknown(1222-1238), prince of Tver
Andrey(1225-1264), Prince of Suzdal, Grand Duke of Vladimir
Michael Horobrit(1226-1248), Prince of Moscow, Grand Duke of Vladimir
Daniel (1227-1256)
Yaroslav(1229-1271), Prince of Tver, Grand Duke of Vladimir
Konstantin(1231-1255), prince of Galich-Mersky
Athanasius(born and died 1239)
Maria(born and died 1240.)
Vasily Kvashnya(1241-1276), Prince of Kostroma, Grand Duke of Vladimir
Ulyana (Evdokia)(born and died 1243)

The five sons of Yaroslav (Mikhail - Andrei - Alexander - Yaroslav - Vasily) were the great princes of Vladimir in the period from 1248 to 1277. Fedor, Alexander and Yaroslav were also princes of Novgorod.

Years of life: 1190-1246
Reign: 1236-1238

Yaroslav (Theodore) Vsevolodovich.
The third son of the Vladimir-Suzdal prince (mother - the Czech princess, Princess Maria), the grandson of the Kyiv prince Yuri Dolgoruky, was born on February 8, 1190.
From the family of Vladimir-Suzdal princes.

Board of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

Prince Pereyaslavsky in 1201 - 1206
Prince Pereyaslavl-Zalessky in 1212 - 1238
Prince of Novgorod in 1215, 1221 - 1223, 1224 - 1228, 1230 - 1236
Prince Torzhsky in 1215 - 1216
Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1236 - 1238
Grand Duke Vladimirsky in 1238 - 1246.

In the Laurentian Chronicle under 1201 it is written that Vsevolod Yuryevich put his son Yaroslav to reign in Pereyaslavl-Russian and he reigned for 7 years. Upon returning to North-Eastern Rus', Yaroslav Vsevolodovich received Pereyaslavl-Zalessky from his father.

In 1209 Vsevolod the Big Nest sent Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to reign in Ryazan, where all the cities took the oath of allegiance to Yaroslav, and in them he planted his governors. But he did not reign there for long. Soon the Ryazanians seized and arrested his posadniks, and they wanted to extradite Yaroslav himself to the Chernigov princes. Upon learning of this, Vsevolod came to Ryazan and burned the city. After that, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich again returned to reign in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky.

In 1212, after the death of his father, Yaroslav got Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Volokolamsk and Tver, Nerokhot (Nerekhta?) and Dmitrov. Civil strife began between the sons of Vsevolod. Yaroslav took the side of Yuri and twice in 1213 and 1214. helped him in disputes, but there were no battles.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

In 1215, Yaroslav was invited by the Novgorodians to reign. There he immediately began to crack down on boyars who were objectionable to him. The townspeople expelled him from Novgorod. He left for Torzhok, from where he tried to create a kind of blockade of Novgorod in order to subjugate its inhabitants. At the invitation of the Novgorodians, the squads of Mstislav and his allies inflicted a crushing defeat on the squads of Yuri, Yaroslav and Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in the Battle of Lipetsk. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went to reign in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Thus, he temporarily had to give up his claims to Novgorod.

The second time Yaroslav received the reign in Novgorod in the spring of 1223 and lived there for about a year.

In 1226, the Novgorodians called him to reign for the third time. This time he stayed there until the winter of 1228.

In 1225, the Lithuanians devastated the villages near Torzhok, killed the merchants and captured the Toropets volost. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich defeated them near Usvyat and took away the booty. In 1227, Yaroslav went to the pit with the Novgorodians and brought with him many prisoners. The next year he went to Pereyaslavl, leaving his sons in Novgorod. In 1230, on December 30, the Novgorodians again sent for Yaroslav, who immediately arrived, but still did not live permanently in Novgorod. Despite this, he remained the chief prince of Novgorod and later (until 1236) actively participated in Novgorod affairs.

Victory of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich near Yuriev

In 1234, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich with his regiments and Novgorodians opposed the Germans near Yuryev. The Russians were victorious. Yaroslav made peace with them on favorable terms.

Around 1236, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich succeeded in capturing Kyiv and became the Grand Duke. However, he failed to hold the throne and left for North-Eastern Rus'.

In 1238, after the death of his brother Yuri in a battle with the Tatars, Yaroslav occupied throne of Vladimir. He began to take care of restoring order and prosperity in the Russian land devastated by the Tatars, and also tried to repel the Lithuanian attack on the Smolensk land, where Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich was imprisoned.

In the early 40s of the XIII century, Yaroslav again made an attempt to subjugate Kyiv with the help of Batu. When Batu returned from his campaign to the southwest and settled in Saray, Yaroslav in 1243 was the first to fulfill the Khan's demand and came to bow to him.

In 1245 son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Constantine was sent by his father to Mongolia to the great khan. Konstantin returned and said that Ogedei demanded Yaroslav Vsevolodovich himself. Yaroslav went on a long journey and in August 1246 arrived in Mongolia, where he witnessed the accession of Kayuk, the son of Ogedeev.

Death of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Prince of Vladimir

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was called to the mother of the great khan, who, allegedly wanting to honor the Russian prince, gave him food and drink from her own hands. Returning from her, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich fell ill and died after 7 days, while his body turned blue, which is why a version of poisoning arose.
He died in 1246 on September 30.

The body of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was brought to Rus' and laid to rest in the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was married twice:
1) from 1205 to the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Yuri Konchakonich and the granddaughter of Khan Konchak;
2) from 1214 to the daughter of the Prince of Smolensk Mstislav Mstislavich Udaly, Princess Rostislav (+ May 4, 1244). Children from this marriage: Yaroslav Tverskoy and Vasily Mizinny. And also Fedor, Alexander, Andrey, Mikhail, Daniel, Konstantin, Athanasius, Maria, Evdokia, Ulyana.

Yaroslav's appeal to children before his death:
“O my beloved sons, the fruit of my womb, the brave and wise Alexander, and the hasty Andrei, and the daring Konstantin, and Yaroslav, and the dear Danila, and the good Michael! Awake the true champions of piety, and the majesty of the power of the Russians, approved by God, the patroness. God's grace and mercy and blessing upon you may be multiplied in generations and generations forever. I already don’t have to see you, nor in the land of the judgments of life; already more my strength is exhausted and the death of my life draws near. But you do not despise my two daughters, Evdokia and Ulyaniya, your sisters, even for them this present time is bitterest of bile and wormwood; but both God is an orphan helper and glory to all his righteous destinies.

YAROSLAV

1238-1246

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (1191-1246) - Prince of Vladimir,

Prince Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Prince Pereyaslavsky,

Prince of Novgorod

Prince of Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kyiv;

son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, father of Alexander Nevsky.

Participated in the civil strife of the princes, waged an active struggle for power with numerous relatives.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was the first of the Russian princes during the Tatar-Mongol invasion received from the Tatar Khan a label to reign in the new capital of Ancient Rus' - the city of Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. short biography

Prince Yaroslav was born in 1191 and was one of the numerous offspring of Vsevolod the Big Nest. In 1212, after the death of his father, Yaroslav became a prince in the city of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, but he was soon forced to leave it in order to take part in the struggle for power between his two brothers - Yuri (Yaroslav spoke on his side) and Konstantin - in 1213 and 1214.

After the civil strife between the brothers, he took an active part in the struggle for Novgorod, which continued with varying success from 1215 to 1236 (during this period, Yaroslav gained and lost the title of Prince of Novgorod several times). In 1236, he became Prince of Vladimir, appearing to bow to the Golden Horde and receiving a label for reigning there.

Death overtook Yaroslav during his second trip to the Golden Horde, when he was called to bow to the mother of the khan, where he accepted a treat from her hands. A week later, Yaroslav died. The exact cause of death is unknown, but it is believed that the prince could have been poisoned.

The struggle of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich for power

In domestic politics, Yaroslav's many years of struggle for the right to reign in Novgorod is especially noteworthy. It was first called by the Novgorodians in 1215, when Mstislav Mstislavich left the city. Yaroslav arrived in the city, but was dissatisfied with the unrest that happened there because of his arrival, so he soon left to reign in Torzhok, accepting, however, the title of Prince of Novgorod. The governor of Yaroslav remained in Novgorod. Some time later, Yaroslav, by cunning and force, tried to seize power in Novgorod during the famine that overtook the city, refusing help and sending messengers back from Novgorod. Mstislav found out about the difficult situation in the city and immediately offered Yaroslav to release all the captured Novgorodians, but he refused. Thus began a long struggle.

On March 1, 1216, Mstislav, dissatisfied with the behavior of Yaroslav and worried about the Novgorodians, gathered the townspeople and moved to Torzhok with an offer of a truce. Yaroslav rejected the offer, and Mstislav's army moved towards Tver, ruining all the cities along the way. Soon Mstislav was joined by the brother of Yaroslav himself Konstantin (against whom Yaroslav fought in his time), Yuri, Svyatoslav and Vladimir sided with Yaroslav. An internecine conflict ensued.

On April 21, 1216, the famous battle took place on the Lipitsa River between the troops of Mstislav and Yaroslav, as a result of which Yaroslav was defeated and was forced to give the title of Prince of Novgorod back to Mstislav.

However, the struggle for Novgorod did not end there. Yaroslav several times became the prince of Novgorod: in 1218 his fathers were sent there, in 1221 and 1224 he was called to reign by the townspeople themselves. Only after being called up in 1224, Yaroslav finally remained in Novgorod for a long time in the title of prince and began to rule the city.

Already, together with the Novgorodians, Yaroslav made several successful military campaigns. In 1225, he opposed the Lithuanians, driving them from the Russian lands back to the Principality of Lithuania, in 1227 a campaign against the Finnish tribes took place on Yam, and in 1228 Yaroslav successfully repelled a retaliatory attack from the Finns.

In 1226, Yaroslav again had to prove his right to rule in Novgorod. This time, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov opposed him, but the struggle was not crowned with success for Mikhail. Moreover, in 1231, Yaroslav, together with his brother Yuri, gathered an army and invaded Chernigov.

In 1234, Yaroslav opposed the German army near the city of Yuryev, the result of the battle was the defeat of the enemy troops and a peace favorable to Rus'.

In 1236, Yaroslav received the title of Grand Duke of Kyiv and went to Kyiv, leaving his son in Novgorod.

In 1238, Yaroslav returned to Vladimir and began to reign there. After several years of successful reign, during which Vladimir finally becomes the capital of Rus', Yaroslav receives an order to appear from Batu Khan. From a trip to the Golden Horde, Yaroslav returns with a label for the Great reign in Vladimir. During this period, Kyiv finally loses the status of the capital of Ancient Rus'.

The results of the reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

During the years of Yaroslav's reign, Vladimir officially becomes the new capital of Rus', Kyiv loses its political and economic power. Also, thanks to the activities of Yaroslav, Rus' was able to recover after the attack of the Western crusaders, while maintaining its statehood and not disintegrating into separate territories.

In foreign policy, Yaroslav tried to regulate relations with the Golden Horde, as well as to protect the country, which was already in a difficult situation, from attacks by the Germans and Lithuanians.