1788 the Austrian army accidentally. Excursion into history: the epic battle of the Austrian army with itself

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Well, yes, there were curiosities ... that's how the Americans stormed an empty island

I hope the TC does not mind, what's in his topic?

American actions in land battles without the support of technology were not very effective. Moreover, there were defeats, and such shameful moments that went down in military history. Experts call Operation Cottage an example of failed actions to liberate Kyski, one of the Aleutian Islands, from the Japanese in August 1943. The Japanese held this island for a whole year with small forces. All this year the aircraft of the United States bombed both islands: Kiska and Attu. In addition, the naval forces of both sides, including submarines, were constantly in the area. It was a confrontation in the air and on the water.

Fearing Japanese attacks on Alaska, the United States sent five cruisers, 11 destroyers, a flotilla of small warships and 169 aircraft to the Aleutian Islands, as well as six submarines. American air attacks occurred almost daily. By the end of the summer of 1942, the Japanese on the island of Kisku began to experience food problems, it became increasingly difficult to supply the islands. It was decided to evacuate the Japanese forces on the island.

Before that, in May 1943, bloody battles for the island of Attu took place for three weeks. The Japanese held on so stubbornly in the mountains that the Americans were forced to call for reinforcements. Left without ammunition, the Japanese tried to hold on, engaging in desperate hand-to-hand combat and using knives and bayonets. The fighting turned into a massacre, writes the American researcher Theodore Roscoe.

The Americans did not expect the Japanese to give such a rebuff. The states sent reinforcements from fresh forces to Attu - 12 thousand people. By the end of May, the battle was over, the Japanese garrison of the island - about two and a half thousand people - was actually destroyed. But the Americans also suffered significant losses - more than 2 thousand frostbitten, 1100 wounded and 550 killed. The Japanese showed a real samurai spirit and fought with edged weapons when all the ammunition was exhausted. This is remembered for a long time. And when the turn came to liberate the American island of Kisku, the US command knew what it might face.

The maximum possible forces were concentrated in the area of ​​​​the island: about a hundred ships with 29 thousand American and five thousand Canadian paratroopers. Kyski's garrison numbered about five and a half thousand Japanese. The Japanese skillfully used weather conditions to carry out the evacuation of their forces and equipment from the island. Under the "cover" of the fog, the Japanese managed to slip out of the trap that was about to close, and even "spoil" the Americans by mining both the land and the sea. The operation to evacuate the Kyski garrison was carried out perfectly and entered the textbooks of military affairs.

Two cruisers and a dozen destroyers of the Japanese fleet were rapidly transferred to the island of Kiska, entered the harbor, and within 45 minutes took on board more than five thousand people. Their retreat was covered by 15 submarines. The evacuation of the island for the Americans went unnoticed. For another two weeks between the evacuation of the Japanese and the landing of the American troops, the US command continued to build up the grouping in the Aleuts and bomb the empty island.

Then, in accordance with the classical theory of seizures, American and Canadian forces landed at two points on the west coast of Kiska at once. On that day, American warships bombarded the island eight times, dropped 135 tons of bombs and piles of leaflets calling for surrender on the island. But the Japanese stubbornly did not want to give up, which, incidentally, did not surprise the American command. The island was completely empty, but the Americans believed that the insidious enemy was hiding and waiting for close combat.

The Americans fought their way around the island for two days, shooting at their neighbors out of fear, mistaking them for the Japanese. And, still not believing themselves, for eight days American soldiers combed the island, rummaging through every cave and turning over every stone, looking for "hidden" cunning Japanese soldiers. Then they calculated the losses in the capture of their island. More than 300 of them were killed and wounded.

31 American soldiers died because of the so-called "friendly fire", sincerely believing that the Japanese were shooting, another fifty were shot in the same way. About 130 soldiers were out of action due to frostbite of the legs and "trench foot" - a fungal infection of the feet, which was facilitated by constant humidity and cold. In addition, the American destroyer Abner Reed was blown up by a Japanese mine, on board of which 47 people were killed and more than 70 were injured.

"In order to drive them (the Japanese) out of there, we ended up using over 100,000 troops and a large amount of materiel and tonnage," admits Admiral Sherman. The correlation of forces is unprecedented in the entire history of world wars. "I wonder what awards the American command received for the operation to "successfully" liberate the island of Kisku?

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They say that history repeats itself, and all the feats and achievements constantly serve as an example to us.

This is why it is important to teach history, which helps to guide civilization and our lives.

9. The Dutch, who discovered australia 100 years before the British did, but ignored the discovery because they considered it a useless wasteland.

10. Sale by Russia Alaska for 2 cents per acre.

Historical facts

11. The Inca ruler Atahualpa, who agreed to meet with the conquistador Francisco Pissaro when 200 Spanish horsemen ambushed and defeated 80,000 Inca warriors.

12. Those who fell for the bait" Trojan horse" if it actually existed.

13. Filling the world's largest airship" Hindenburg"flammable hydrogen, which then caught fire and crashed.

14. Someone who opened the gates of the city and allowed the Turks to take over Constantinople in 1453.

15. China in the 14th century, which abandoned the navy and began to pursue a policy of isolation. Perhaps he would become more influential than any European power.

16. The driver of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who made a wrong turn, which led him to the feet of the murderer Gavrilo Princip. This murder was the start World War I.

17. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, when there was not a single American aircraft carrier in the port, which hastened America's entry into World War II.

The war of 1787-1792 between the coalition of Austria and Russia on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other threatened the Turks with a war on two fronts. Russian troops were advancing in the southern Black Sea region and in the Kuban, and the Austrians launched a direct attack on Istanbul through Belgrade.

In this situation, the Ottomans concentrated their main forces against the Austrians in order to remove the immediate threat to their capital.

Austrian troops numbering up to 100 thousand people were sent to cut across the Ottoman army, intending to give battle. Reconnaissance patrols of the light cavalry were sent ahead, which, having crossed the Temesh River, began to search for the Turkish army. However, after a vain search for Ottoman troops, the Austrian hussars stumbled upon a gypsy camp. The servants were tired and rather wet, so when the hospitable gypsies offered them schnapps, they did not refuse. The drunkenness of the servicemen of this kind of troops entered poetry and prose. How can one not recall Pushkin's "Shot" and the words of its main character Silvio, who served in the hussars: "We boasted of drunkenness."

In general, the feast was in full swing when parts of the infantry crossed the river. Seeing the hussars having fun, the infantrymen demanded their share of refreshments. They refused and there was a quarrel. It is not known who first threatened to use weapons, but as a result, the hussars took up defensive positions behind the gypsy carts, someone pulled the trigger, one infantryman was killed and a shootout began. The Austrian infantry and hussars entered into battle among themselves.

The matter was further complicated by the fact that the Austrian infantry, unable to withstand the pressure of the hussars, began to retreat, and the hussars, heated by the fight, began to pursue them.

The commander of the hussar regiment, trying to stop his subordinates, shouted in German: “Halt, halt” (“Stop, stop”), and some Austrian soldiers heard that the Turks were shouting their battle cry “Allah, Allah”.

The new infantry units that came up behind them, not understanding the situation, began to shout “Turks, Turks!” The situation was further complicated by the fact that the infantry units of the Austrian army were recruited from representatives of different peoples who inhabited the "patchwork empire" and often did not know the state German language well. The panicked soldiers could not really explain anything to the officers, and they began to report to their higher authorities that the Austrian vanguard had unexpectedly run into the Turkish army.

Hussar horses were also added to the panic, which the drunken hussars tied loosely and, having heard the shots, broke off their slings and galloped towards the Austrians. The situation was aggravated by the fact that it was evening and dusk was approaching, in which it was difficult to see what was happening.

The commander of one of the Austrian corps decided that the Turkish cavalry was attacking the Austrian troops on the march and, "saving" the army, deployed his artillery and opened fire on the horses and the crowd of fleeing soldiers. Panic reached its climax.

Distraught with fear, the soldiers rushed to the camp where the main forces of the Austrian army were stationed. It was already night and the troops, who were in the camp in full confidence that they were attacked by the Turks, opened fire on their own fleeing soldiers.

The Austrian emperor Joseph II, who commanded the army, tried to sort out the situation and restore command, but the fleeing soldiers threw him and his horse into the river. He received serious bruises and broke his leg. His adjutant was trampled to death.

By morning the battle was over. The Austrian army scattered over the fields and forests, and 10 thousand killed and wounded Austrians, broken cannons, dead and crippled horses and shell boxes remained on the battlefield.

The Ottoman army, under the command of Koji Yusuf Pasha, approached the scene of the incident and examined it with amazement. Yusuf Pasha did not at first understand what had happened, but when it dawned on him that the Austrian army had miraculously dispersed, he seized the initiative and easily occupied the city of Caransebes itself. After the victories won by the Turks at Megadia and Slatina, Joseph II agreed to a three-month truce.

This war was generally not very successful for the Austrians: successes were followed by defeats. The help of the allies did not help much either. The injuries received in the ill-fated campaign of 1788 did not pass without a trace for the Austrian emperor: he died in February 1790. His successor concluded a separate peace with the Ottoman Empire and never again, until its very end, Austria-Hungary fought the Ottomans.

For the Russians, on the contrary, this war was very successful: the Ottomans were defeated at Kinburn, Focsani, Rymnik. Important strongholds of the Ottomans in the Black Sea region were taken - Ochakov and Izmail. In the Caucasian theater of operations, the Russians stormed the fortress of Anapa. The naval battle at Cape Kaliakria completed the complete defeat of the Ottoman forces.

As a result, the Ottoman Empire in 1791 was forced to sign the Iasi Peace Treaty, which secured the Crimea and Ochakov for Russia, and also pushed the border between the two empires to the Dniester. The Ottomans confirmed the Kyuchuk-Kainarji Treaty and ceded the Crimea and Taman forever.

Ildar Mukhamedzhanov

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They say that history repeats itself, and all the feats and achievements constantly serve as an example to us. This is why it is important to teach history, which helps to guide civilization and our lives. But in history there were also major mistakes, which sometimes led to catastrophic consequences. Here are the wrong decisions, stupid mistakes and unwise actions that should not be repeated.

1. NASA accidentally deleted the moon landing record. In fact, there are no original records of this event.


2. It took 177 years to build the Leaning Tower of Pisa and only 10 years for it to lean.

3. The lack of a sufficient number of lifeboats on board the Titanic, since it was considered unsinkable.

4. The refusal of the record company Decca Records to the group "The Beatles", as they considered that it was not sold.

5. NASA's loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter, due to the fact that part of the team used the metric system of measurement, and the other - the British.

6. Napoleon, who thought he could capture Russia in the winter.

7. Hitler, who thought he could do it better than Napoleon.

8. The Persians who sent the beheaded ambassadors of Genghis Khan back to the Khan, incurring the wrath of Mongolia.

Source 9The Dutch who discovered Australia 100 years before the British did, but ignored the discovery because they thought it was a useless wasteland.

10. Russian sale of Alaska for 2 cents per acre.

11. The Inca ruler Atahualpa, who agreed to meet with the conquistador Francisco Pissaro when 200 Spanish horsemen ambushed and defeated 80,000 Inca warriors.

12. Those who fell for the "Trojan horse", if it actually existed.

13. Filling the world's largest airship "Hindenburg" with flammable hydrogen, which then caught fire and crashed.

14. Someone who opened the gates of the city and allowed the Turks to capture Constantinople in 1453.

15. China in the 14th century, which abandoned the navy and began to pursue a policy of isolation. Perhaps he would become more influential than any European power.

16. The driver of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who made a wrong turn, which led him to the feet of the murderer Gavrilo Princip. This murder was the reason for the outbreak of the First World War.

17. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor when there was not a single American aircraft carrier in the port, which hastened America's entry into World War II.

18. The faulty design of the Chernobyl reactor, the consequences of the accident of which are still being felt.

19. 12 publishing houses that refused to publish "Harry Potter".

20. Alexander the Great, who did not name the heir to the throne, which led to the death of his empire.

21. Although no one knows the culprit, the burning of the Library of Alexandria was the biggest loss of knowledge in history.

22. Killing Caesar to save the Republic and not realizing that this will only lead to its end.

23. In 1788, the Austrian army accidentally attacked their own and lost 10,000 people.

Under the cut, a small but instructive story about how a gypsy camp, which accidentally had a barrel of alcohol, determined the fate of mankind.

In 1788, the Austrian emperor Joseph II decided for no reason at all to liberate the Balkans from the Turkish yoke - an intention worthy of a Christian, but based, of course, not on pious intentions, but on the desire to extend the influence of Austria to the so-called "underbelly of Europe". Having gathered a huge army, the Austrians crossed the border.

After marches, transitions, large and small skirmishes with varying success, both sides prepared for the decisive battle.

On a moonless night on September 19, 100,000 Austrians were moving closer to the 70,000th Turkish army in order to fight, which was to determine the fate of the war.

A company of hussars, marching at the forefront of the Austrians, crossed the small river Temesh, near the city of Karansebes, but there were no Turkish troops on the shore - they had not yet approached. However, the hussars saw a gypsy camp. Pleased with the opportunity to earn extra money, the gypsies offered the hussars to refresh themselves after the crossing - for money, of course. For a few coins, the cavalry bought a barrel of alcohol from the gypsies and began to quench their thirst.

In the meantime, several infantry companies crossed in the same place, which didn’t get alcohol, but they wanted to drink ... A squabble began between the hussars and infantrymen, during which one cavalryman either accidentally or out of anger shot a soldier. He collapsed, after which a general dump began. All the hussars and all the foot soldiers who were nearby intervened in the fight.

And the drunken hussars, and the infantry languishing with thirst, heated up by the massacre, did not want to yield. Finally, one of the sides took over - the defeated shamefully fled to their shore, pursued by a jubilant enemy. Who was broken? - history is silent, more precisely, the information is contradictory. It is quite possible that in some places the hussars won, and in others the foot soldiers. Be that as it may, the troops approaching the crossing suddenly saw frightened, fleeing soldiers and hussars, crumpled, bruised, covered in blood ... Victorious cries of the pursuers were heard behind.

Meanwhile, the hussar colonel, trying to stop his fighters, yelled in German: “Halt! Halt!” Since there were many Hungarians, Slovaks, Lombards and others who did not understand German well in the ranks of the Austrian army, some soldiers heard - “Allah! Allah!", after which the panic became general. During the general bustle and noise, several hundred cavalry horses that were in the corral broke out from behind the fence. So it happened late at night, everyone decided that the Turkish cavalry had broken into the army. The commander of one corps, having heard the formidable noise of the "advancing cavalry", gave the order to the artillerymen to open fire. Shells exploded in the crowd of distraught soldiers. The officers who tried to organize resistance built their regiments and threw them into an attack on artillery, in full confidence that they were fighting the Turks. In the end, everyone fled.

The emperor, who did not understand anything, was also convinced that the Turkish army had attacked the camp, tried to take control of the situation, but the fleeing crowd threw him off his horse. The emperor's adjutant was trampled on. Joseph himself escaped by jumping into the river.

By morning everything was quiet. The whole space was littered with guns, dead horses, saddles, provisions, broken ammunition boxes and overturned cannons - in a word, everything that a utterly defeated army throws. On the field of the strangest battle in the history of mankind, 10 thousand dead soldiers remained lying - that is, in terms of the number of dead, the battle is among the largest battles of mankind (in the famous battles of Hastings, Agincourt, Valmy, in the Valley of Abraham and many others, the death toll is much smaller). The Austrian army ceased to exist, as the survivors fled in horror.

Two days later, the Turkish army approached. The Turks looked with surprise at the piles of corpses, wandered among the wounded, groaning in delirium soldiers, puzzling over the question - what unknown enemy utterly defeated one of the most powerful armies in the world and saved Turkey from defeat. The Christian world failed to acquire the Balkans. Austria did not become the strongest state in Europe, could not stop the French Revolution, the world followed the path of France ...

A small gypsy camp, which accidentally turned out to have a barrel of alcohol, determined the fate of mankind.

The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -