23 hospital on Taganka history. Execution lists of the Yauza hospital

Wandered unexpectedly into the hospital yard with a camera ...

The estate on Yauzskaya Street was built in 1798–1802. serf architect M.P. Kiselnikov according to the project attributed to both Sh. De Valli, and V. Bazhenov, and, finally, to R.R. Kazakov (the Church of Martin the Confessor, the Church of Barbara on Varvarka, individual buildings of the Kuzminki estate).

It all starts of course with the main gate and pylons with smiling lions.

The lions refused to pose, I had to take one from another walk: P

Main house. The estate was built on a Russian scale.
The owner is a large industrialist Ivan Rodionovich Batashev, the owner of iron-smelting plants in Vyksa, where, by the way, cast-iron sculptures of the Moscow Arc de Triomphe and details of Moscow water fountains were cast.

Details of the main facade.

In 1812, when Napoleon's army entered Moscow, Marshal Joachim Murat set up his residence in the house abandoned by the owner. Probably due to this, although the estate was badly damaged, it survived the fire that destroyed all the surroundings.

After the death of I. R. Batashev in 1820, all the property, together with the estate, went to his granddaughter Daria Ivanovna (she was married to Shepeleva, her husband was a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General D. D. Shepelev).
Then the estate was owned by the daughter of the Shepelevs - Anna and her husband - Prince L. G. Golitsyn, and after their death (A. D. in 1861, L. G. in 1871) the city bought the estate and in 1878 Yauzskaya was opened there. hospital for unskilled workers (later simply the Yauza hospital).
In 1924-25 the institution became known as the Hospital. Union "Vsemediksantrud", then the Hospital. Union Medsantrud, and now it is the City Clinical Hospital No. Medsantrud.

South side of the main house. In the center is a fragment of a gallery stretching from the main house to the southern wing.

South wing.

Rear façade of the Main House.

The courtyard of the estate hangs over the courtyard of the church of Simeon the Stylite (it is not known exactly, but perhaps also R.R. Kazakov). They say that soon after the construction, the church collapsed and was restored at the expense of Batashev.

MORGUE. Former commercial buildings.

North side. On the left is the former northern entrance, on the right is the hospital church in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", built in 1898-1899 by architect N.V. Rozov.

The porch was probably dismantled during the construction of the temple. The entrance is closed.

Facade of the northern entrance.

Details.

Surgical Corps. Attached to the Main House in 1911. Architect Z. I. Ivanov.

Garden with picturesque wall

Window on the apse of the hospital church with a lattice in the form of a cross.

The main facade of the hospital church.

View of the hospital temple and the Main House from the northwest.

And two views of the northern wing.

A gallery also went from the niche to the main house.

North wing. Last frame :)

Not far from the metro station "Taganskaya" there is a large old and perfectly preserved house, which holds many mysteries. If you walk in those parts, by all means go to the territory to touch the cultural monument of the late 17th - early 18th centuries. The history of the building is very unusual, as is the history of its owners, the Batashev family. Stories about this place are intertwined with legends.

2. The famous Russian industrialist Ivan Rodionovich Batashev could afford almost everything. His ironworks cast fences for the Summer Garden and cannons for the Russian army. Of course, when he decided to build a house in Moscow, he chose one of the largest and most prestigious plots, and the construction itself was carried out on a grand scale on a plot of as much as three hectares.

3. After the death of Ivan Batashev, his granddaughter Daria, who married the handsome and hero of the war of 1812 Dmitry Shepelev, became a rich heiress. Shepelev knew a lot about military affairs, but was neither an industrialist nor an entrepreneur. Daria Shepeleva dies in childbirth, the line of Ivan Batashev is interrupted. The fortune of the Shepelev family is falling, the estate is transferred to the city for the organization of the Yauza hospital here. Since 1866, physicians have been in charge of the estate.

4. A little information about the estate. In fact, there is still no consensus on the authorship of the project and the features of the creation of the estate.

5. The Batashevs were progressive people. They sent their best serf masters abroad to study. The details of the estates amaze with the thoroughness of their workmanship and preservation. They built it with integrity.

6. In addition to the main house, two outbuildings, outbuildings, part of the wall, and a garden have been preserved. All this can be viewed, admission to the hospital is free.

7. The estate was surrounded by a serious wall, built like a fortress. They say that the Batashevs even had their own troops. Why were such walls needed in the capital? Yes, and numerous armed troops also raise questions. Suppress the uprisings? Robbery in the woods?

8. The building of the estate contains many interesting features. Ivan Rodionovich Batashev was a fan of the arts, in Vyksa he even built an opera house, one of the best in the country. The manor has a large balcony, perhaps it was created for watching theatrical performances and concerts.

9. Pay attention to the original decor of the estate. It is hard to believe that this is the work of serfs.

10. During the war of 1812, the estate was badly damaged and looted. On its restoration, Batashev spent 300,000 silver rubles, then it was a lot of money.

11. After the revolution, the former estate, which became a hospital, did not formally change its purpose, a “hospital named after Medsantrud” was organized here. In the 1920s, the GPU was in charge here. On the territory of the estate, executions and burials were carried out; in total, more than a thousand people were shot here. In memory of them, a stone was erected with the names of those who could be identified.

12. It can be seen that mostly young people were shot. The peak of repression came in 1921-1926.
Until now, according to legends, ghosts roam the estate.

13. There is an unusual church near the manor house. I think it's worth going there separately.

14. Over the years, the building of the main house has been repeatedly rebuilt in accordance with the needs of the hospital, but the general features have been preserved. I have not been inside, but they write that some of the details and interiors have been preserved.

15. Not everyone can leave the estate. I wonder how old this plaque is?

16. We leave the territory of the estate. It was interesting to learn one more of the numerous pages of the history of the capital and learn about the Batashev family.

Later in my journal, I will tell you more about the Batashevs, in whose footsteps we went to the Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod regions, and their history, but for now, I hope you are interested in an old estate in Moscow.

Partners of the tour "In the footsteps of the Batashevs":

So most often ghosts and ghosts are found in hospitals. And ours, Moscow, are no exception. True, these otherworldly restless creatures are not shown to everyone and not every day, but they are shown. And the older the hospital, the more likely it is to meet its permanent residents. And if the hospital building had a history even before the appearance of the Aesculapius, then its legends can have much deeper roots.

Such a hospital with a history can be called the Yauza Hospital, and now Hospital No. 23.

And here's what's interesting, back in the 80s of the last century, several hospitals in the center of Moscow wanted to be united and transferred to the outskirts, in Khovrino, for which they began construction.

But something incomprehensible happened, or the quicksand behaved incorrectly. Whether the builders did not calculate something, but the Khovrinskaya hospital is still empty, giving rise to more and more secrets and mysteries, rumors and incredible stories. There are already ghosts in it. But it was there that the Yauza hospital was supposed to move. Coincidence or coincidence, who knows. But while the Yauza hospital continues to operate and occasionally share its secrets.

On Bolvanovka

The building of the Yauza hospital is located on the street of the same name near the mouth of the Yauza River, which gave names to both the hospital and the street, which has changed several names in its history. It was called either Nikolo-Bolvanovskaya - from the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Bolvanovka, standing on the top of Tagansky Hill, where craftsmen lived in the settlement, who made hat "blanks", then Tagannaya Street - from other local artisans who made cast-iron tagans for camping and kitchen boilers. In 1922, it was renamed Internatsionalnaya Street - in honor of the First International, and only in our time is called Yauzskaya.

At one time, the Streltsy Teterinskaya Sloboda was located nearby, named after its boss, Colonel Teterin - there is a version that he participated in Ivan the Terrible's campaign against Astrakhan. Now Teterinsky lane, adjacent to the Yauza hospital, reminds of this.

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Long before the hospital

They say that in these places, on the Taganskaya Bolvanovka, on the orders of Ivan III, the foreign doctor Leon was executed because he failed to cure the son of Grand Duke John the Younger. In fact, his execution took place on another Moscow Bolvanovka - in Zamoskvorechye, which we are talking about.

The area of ​​Shviva Gorka, which is considered one of the famous seven hills of Moscow (and was named after the “stubby”, prickly grass that densely covered this hill in antiquity), is rich in historical monuments without this.

In these parts were the lands of the boyar Nikita Romanov, brother of the first wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia, granted in 1655 to Patriarch Nikon under the courtyard of the Iversky Monastery.

The Yauza Palace of Peter I also stood here. And at the end of the 18th century, next to the Nikitsky Church on Shvivaya Gorka, Matvey Kazakov built a real palace for Count Bezborodko, which later passed to General Tutolmin and, as is believed, became the prototype of Count Bezukhov's house in Tolstoy's novel War and peace".

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At that time there was the estate of the Chicherins, whose ancestor and ancestor Chicheri arrived in Moscow in the retinue of Princess Sophia Paleolog. The owners of this estate were the sisters of Alexander Pushkin's grandmother, and the local lane was called Chicherinsky by their last name. It was on that place that the Batashovs' palace attracted, which later became the building of the Yauza hospital.

Brothers Batashov

The new house on the Yauza, which belonged to one of the brothers, Ivan Rodionovich Batashev, occupied a huge property of 3 hectares, which corresponded to the status of the breeders of the Batashevs, the “second Demidovs”, who together with them founded an iron foundry in Russia during the time of Peter I.

In fact, the Batashevs came from ancient hereditary blacksmiths of the Tula armory settlement and were directly connected with the Demidovs. The founder of this mining dynasty, Ivan Timofeevich Batashev, worked as a manager at the Demidov factories in Tula, and having become rich, he started his own business in 1716 - the production of iron, which was then so necessary for Russia. Moreover, it was Ivan Batashev Sr. who stood at the origins of the production of the famous Tula samovars.

Batashevsky cast iron was considered the highest quality in Europe. Cast-iron sculptures of the Arc de Triomphe in honor of 1812, Moscow fountains (two survived - on Theater Square and near the building of the Academy of Sciences on Bolshaya Kaluzhskaya), gratings of the Kremlin gardens and even a chariot with horses on the pediment of the Bolshoi Theater - all this was made at the Batashev factories. And the Batashevs opened hospitals, shelters, free canteens, helped build the Bolshoi Theater and even the Moscow Zoo.

However, in addition to the bright side of their life, there is also a dark one. The brutality of the brothers is legendary. Andrei Rodionovich, the elder brother, described by Melnikov-Pechersky in the novel On the Mountains, especially distinguished himself.

On his possessions, he allegedly arranged an underground minting of counterfeit money, and at the expense of offerings he had no fear of anything. Tortured workers, killed objectionable. It cost him nothing to push the official who came with the revision into the blast furnace, or wall up three hundred workers in the dungeon, when a commission was sent from Paul I to verify information about the minting of counterfeit coins.

There was a legend that once an official came to the Batashevs' house with an investigation, when rumors of atrocities reached high-ranking officials: he was taken to an untidy room, where there were fruits in a vase on the table, an envelope with money and a note: “Eat fruits, take money and get out while you're alive."

However, this story is also told about the second brother, Ivan, and they say that even he happened within the walls of the palace on Yauzskaya, although the incident was much earlier than its construction. But even in this palace, gloomy dungeons and secret passages to the Yauza were later discovered. Although historians write that Ivan Rodionovich was, although “not without cunning”, but a modest, honest and kind man, it was not for nothing that when he died, the workers of his factories erected a tombstone with their own money with the inscription “Father-benefactor from children -subjects.

Castle

Having received the nobility, the Batashevs began to start their own houses in the capitals. Ivan Rodionovich settled in Moscow, and the house on the Yauza was built by his serf architect Kiselnikov. It is believed that the serf Kiselnikov only built according to a project drawn up by some famous architect. They even name Vasily Bazhenov, who also built for the Batashevs in their non-Moscow possessions, or the French master Charles de Vally, who is also credited with the Sheremetev Palace in the Kuskovo estate, but most often they consider Rodion Kazakov, a student and namesake of the famous Matvey Kazakov.

Ivan Batashev began building the estate in 1799, the same year his brother Andrei died. Batashev bought a plot of six lanes - it was one of the largest private estates in old Moscow. There is a version that even then Batashev intended to give it to his beloved granddaughter, and Tagannaya Street was decorated with a monument "fabulous in architecture and beauty."

According to the old Moscow tradition, the main house stands at the back of the courtyard, contrary to the decree of Peter the Great on red lines, when all houses should be aligned along the edge of the sidewalk. But Batashev found a way to get around the tsar's decree - outbuildings with a fence (which is compared only with the lattice of the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg) and gates decorated with Batashev cast-iron lions were placed on the line. It is interesting that some masks and figures are depicted with typical Russian faces, while others are endowed with the appearance of Roman patricians.

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French ruin

In 1812, the house had to be left in a great hurry, and the Napoleonic Marshal Joachim Murat, whose troops were the first to enter empty Moscow, arranged a residence in the Batashev Palace. But it saved the palace from a fire. When the flames flared up near the Yauza bridge, the French soldiers, together with the Russians, defended the estate. Batashev left all the servants and the clerk in the house, who described in detail to him in messages everything that was happening in the palace. And the French dispersed in earnest: they demanded separate rooms and a "master's bed", and dinner in it. In the house there was one cod, which was given to Murat, and the rest were content with black bread. After three days of stay, on September 7, Murat left for the Gorokhovo field, to the palace of Count Razumovsky.

The legend says that out of respect for Batashev's relative, the famous General Mikhail Miloradovich, later killed by the Decembrist Kakhovsky on Senate Square, Murat violated Napoleon's order and did not blow up the estate after his departure - she was one of the few in Moscow that survived the fire of 1812. However, he did not spare the neighboring Simeon Church, which had just been rebuilt with Batashev's money. And the house itself was so damaged that the owner, upon returning, spent 300 thousand rubles in silver to restore it.

Shepelevsky house

Ivan Batashev lived for 90 years, burying all his children, and left his huge fortune along with the Moscow house on the Yauza and the Vyksa factories to his beloved granddaughter Daria Ivanovna. Her unlucky father was known in the family as a dandy and womanizer, for which he got into couplets:

Not breaking the habit

Get selected, Batashev -

It's a poor bird's net

This is a good birder.

The daughter went to daddy: she loved the outfits that she went to Paris for, changed jewelry at every ball and tried to look like a real aristocrat. In Paris, they played it, told fables in the spirit of a fairy tale about a naked king. Returning to Moscow, she repeated them:

Imagine what lovely shirts these are, how you put them on, and look around, well, everything is visible through and through.
And Daria Ivanovna also received the attention of coupletists:

Longer eyes strikes

Shine of expensive stones ...

Shepeleva then shines

In their magnificent utensils.

The husband of her hussars in uniform

I took it into my head

What's a handsome man like him in the world

Still rarely seen.

Mustache measured in half an arshin

Grow it out for everyone

Shepelev in our eyes.

Efforts were not in vain. She managed to find herself a perfect match. Daria married the hero of the Patriotic War, General Shepelev, whose name was inscribed on a memorial plate in the gallery of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. After the death of Ivan Batashov in 1821, General Shepelev, together with Daria, received a huge fortune, including the Moscow house, now called Shepelevsky.

His distant ancestor, the German Shel, arrived in Russia to serve Dmitry Donskoy, and General Shepelev himself participated in the famous battles of Tarutino, Maloyaroslavets and the village of Krasnoe, where the course of the Patriotic War was turned, and the expulsion of Napoleon from Russia began. Shepelev's troops pursued him all the way to the Berezina, where Napoleon left the Russian land.

The general treated all of Moscow at his winter dinners, and in 1826 the British ambassador, the Duke of Devonshire, who came to the coronation of Nicholas I, stayed with him. The estate was rented especially for the duke for 65 thousand rubles.

Shepelev, on the other hand, became the manager of the Vyksa factories, where he managed to modernize production, but could not stop the impending collapse. After his death in 1841 and the ruin of the Shepelevs, Colonel V. A. Sukhovo-Kobylin (father of the famous writer) was appointed guardian, who established a new management at the factories.

The daughter of the Shepelevs, Anna, married Prince Lev Golitsyn, and the house remained in their possession.

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Hospital

After the death of the owners, the estate in 1876 was bought by the city under the Yauza hospital for laborers. And in 1879, after the reconstruction of the architect Meingard, a city hospital was opened here. Its head physician, surgeon Fyodor Berezkin, managed to provide the hospital with such advanced operating rooms that they were provided for Western medical luminaries who came to Moscow. Merchants-philanthropists helped the city and doctors in the arrangement of the Yauza hospital. Among its main benefactors were the Startsevs, Russian honey beekeepers. At the expense of the son of the Moscow governor Durnovo, together with the capital of the merchant Titov, in 1899, a house church was erected at the Yauza hospital in honor of the Joy of All Who Sorrow icon, connected to the main building by a small passage. And on the first floor there was the Church of St. Sergius for the funeral of the dead.

In February 1905, this church was visited by the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, who in those days became a widow. A bomb thrown in the Kremlin by the terrorist Kalyaev killed both Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and his coachman Andrei. On February 9, Elizaveta Fedorovna came to the church to pay her last respects to her faithful servant, defended the liturgy and memorial service, and walked the coffin to the Saratov (Paveletsky) railway station.

The press of the early 20th century often mentioned the hospital:

February 26 (13), 1902: Yesterday at the Einem factory on Sofiyskaya embankment mesch. Alexander Baranov, 27 years old, while working in the caramel department, began to feast on the ethereal essence known as the “white wine of the Bush factory”, and after drinking it, he fell into an unconscious state. The poisoned person was taken to the Yauza hospital.

After the revolution

In 1918, the hospital was named after Vsemedicosantrud, but since it was impossible to pronounce it, the name was simplified - “hospital named after Medsantrud”, as the trade union of medical workers was then called. This name can still be seen on the building of the main building. But in the end, the Yauza hospital became a departmental one for the GPU-OGPU since 1918, and in it not only the Chekists were treated, but also shot, and even secretly buried in the yard of the victims, who were brought at night from the Ivanovsky monastery, where the prison camp was located. From 1921 to 1926, 969 people were buried here. It had its own guards, a reliable fence, a park, hidden courtyards.

It is known that these were young people, up to 35 years old, most of them with higher education: noblemen, tsarist officers, professors, writers, priests, museum workers and a few foreigners. If you go through the arch that separates the house church from the hospital, into the courtyard, you can see a monument to these victims of Soviet terror in the form of a large pink boulder, erected in 1999.

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The memorial plaque contains the names and surnames of 103 victims in alphabetical order. The rest remained unknown. They are considered criminals, which, of course, is rather doubtful. The execution orders were signed by Heinrich Yagoda. This was done then already by whole lists. It is said that the ghosts of the innocently killed still sometimes disturb local residents. But they do it very delicately: as they appear out of nowhere, they disappear. Mostly in the place where the pink stone lies with the names of the victims of repression.

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Ganin case

Among those shot and buried on the territory of the hospital are four poets. One of them is a friend of Sergei Yesenin, Alexei Ganin, who put forward the idea of ​​the "Great Zemsky Sobor", the restoration of the national state and the cleansing of the country from "the invaders who enslaved it."

November 2, 1924 Ganin was arrested in Moscow. Sheets with the "Theses of the Manifesto of Russian Nationalists" were planted in his coat pocket. Ganin was named the head of the organization. The "theses" were immediately handed over to Heinrich Yagoda. On March 27, 1925, Yenukidze, Secretary of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR, single-handedly decided on an extrajudicial verdict, allowing the OGPU collegium to crack down on the “fascists.” There is a version according to which the case of the “Order of Russian Fascists” was fabricated according to the scenario of the OGPU leadership.

Aleksey Ganin was shot in the cellars of the Lubyanka after brutal torture, which was led by the head of the seventh department of the SO OGPU, Abram Slavotinsky. The ashes of Ganin were buried on the territory of the Yauza hospital. The case against Ganin was dismissed only on October 6, 1966 due to the lack of corpus delicti. Ganin was rehabilitated posthumously.

In 2003, a street in Vologda was named after Alexei Ganin.

From the poems of Alexei Ganin:

The crest of the sun fell on the grass,

the pearls will drop under the fir trees,

Reeds and kupavas entwined

in gilded, green wattle.

Over the slopes and hills

humpbacked villages,

Drinking the silence

go back centuries.

CLOUD HORSES

Earth and sky in quiet ringing.

The lips of the living sing in the tombs.

And the cloud horses came out

On the slopes of blue pastures.

Ears spin playfully

To the sweet call of the second heaven,

And the golden manes are pouring

On the ground in a dormant forest.

And come to life in dark strands

Blind paws of coniferous hands.

There are crosses in colored outfits

On the hills of human suffering.

And into the distance to the sunny mountains

White crosses rise.

And pour into the meadows into the open spaces

Living, singing flowers.

Hospital

But the hospital continued to operate. Typhoid patients were also treated here during the Civil War, and during the Great Patriotic War a surgical hospital operated here: in 1943, it was here that for the first time in the USSR they began to use penicillin to treat patients. During those difficult years, the hospital became an advanced surgical hospital with 1,000 beds.

Since the beginning of the 1930s, the hospital has been the base of the surgical and therapeutic clinics of medical institutes, such famous medical professors as Davydovsky, Rufanov, Faerman, Kogan worked here. By the way, the nurse's son also lived here - a certain Misha Nozhkin, later a famous singer and actor.

Palace architecture

The main surviving parts of the estate are the main building, two outbuildings, a church, outbuildings and a manor garden. It is located at Yauzskaya street, 11.

The building material was plastered brick and white stone. The main palace was decorated with an extensive six-columned portico. The main building was connected with two outbuildings located on the sides of the main courtyard, covered galleries (not preserved today). The northern facade of the building was decorated with a loggia-risalit with large open openings; the exterior decoration of the building is interesting and intricately solved. The original interior decoration of the palace has been preserved only partially: the decor of the vestibule and the decoration of the main staircase have not been damaged.

The front gates of an old cast and the massive lions guarding them immediately set you up for the fact that here is not just a hospital, but a house with a long history. If you look into the fence, you can see a bright yellow palace with a strict classical portico. But that's not all!

Ivan Rodionovich Batashev, a wealthy owner of the Vyksa iron works and the Tula samovar factories, began building this estate on the high bank of the Yauza in 1799. It was built by the fortress architect Kiselnikov, the author of the Batashev family nest in Vyksa. Kiselnikov worked on a project drawn up by the famous architect co-author of the Kremlin and Prechistensky palaces.

The main building, a massive three-story building with a six-column portico with a pediment, stands in the back of the courtyard behind a large palisade. Outbuildings, even more reminiscent of garden pavilions, stand along the red line and gracefully flank the corners of the main building. At the Batashev factories, they cast a fence lattice, reminiscent of the lattice of the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg, and lions.

In 1812, Batashev and his family hurriedly left their palace. Marshal, driving with the avant-garde along Shviva Gorka, drew attention to the grandiose house and ordered to take it for himself. He was struck by the luxury and richness of the furnishings and did not believe that this was a merchant's house: "We do not have such palaces in Paris," he said. Murat arranged a residence here, this saved the palace from fire - but did not save it from looting. The damage from standing was also significant, and I.R. Batashev spent 300 thousand rubles.

After the death of 90-year-old Ivan Romanovich, the house went to his granddaughter Daria Ivanovna Batasheva, who married the hero of the Patriotic War, General D.D. Shepelev. His portrait adorned the Military Gallery of 1812 in the Winter Palace, and his name was entered on a memorial plate in the gallery of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. And since then Muscovites called this palace Shepelevsky. The owner was very hospitable, in the winter seasons he treated all of Moscow. In 1826, the Duke of Devonshire, the ambassador of the Queen of England at the coronation of Emperor Nicholas I, stayed here. After Shepelev's death in 1841, V.A. Sukhovo-Kobylin (father of the writer). The daughter of the Shepelevs Anna married Prince Lev Golitsyn and they inherited the house. After their death in 1879, the city bought the estate to house the Yauza hospital for laborers.

After the revolution of 1917, the hospital was renamed the "hospital named after Medsantrud". It became departmental for the GPU and the Chekists were treated there. Here in the courtyard there is a place of secret burial of the victims of KGB executions. From 1921 to 1926, about a thousand people were buried here. Mostly young people, under 35: noblemen, royal officers, professors, writers, priests, museum workers and a few foreigners. In 1999, a monument in the form of a large boulder was erected to all of them in the courtyard of the hospital. The memorial plaque lists some identified names of these victims of repression.