4 sentences with a compound nominal predicate. Can the subject be expressed in phrases, for example: we are with friends? Compound nominal predicate

The predicate is one of the main members of the sentence, consistent with the subject (in number, gender, person) and answering the questions: “what does the subject do?”, “What is it?”, “Who is it?”, “What is it?” "What's happening to him?"

Syntax in Russian provides ample opportunities for making sentences. The predicate can be a verb, an adverb, an adjective, and even a noun.

verb predicate

Most often, the predicate can be expressed by a verb. At the same time, a simple verbal predicate, a verbal predicate and a compound nominal predicate are distinguished. Simple verb predicates include:
- verbs in the imperative, indicative or subjunctive mood (for example: “Don't touch the toy!”, “It's raining”, “I would like to take a walk with friends”);
- phraseological turns based on verbs (“He lost his temper”);
- phrases of two verbs of the same form, the first of which denotes the action, the second - the purpose of the action ("I'll go, is everything all right").

A compound verbal predicate is a phrase whose grammatical and lexical meaning is expressed in different words: an auxiliary and a main verb, the latter being used in the form and carrying the lexical meaning of the predicate (“I wanted to talk about you”). A compound verb predicate can be complicated if it consists of several auxiliary words (“He decided to stop being angry”).

A compound nominal predicate is expressed by a phrase from a linking verb and a nominal part. A linking verb can be:
- the verb “to be”, deprived in this case of its lexical meaning “to exist”, “to be available” (“She was a student”);
- semi-significant verbs “appear”, “appear”, “be”, “appear”, “become”, “become”, “be known”, “be considered” and some others (“He is her hero”);
- full-valued verbs expressing action, movement, state (“Children came to the guests already grubby”).

Other parts of speech, as a predicate

The predicate can only be expressed by an adverb, without using a copula, in the event that the sentence does not need to specify the time of the ongoing action (“It's just monstrous!” Compare: “It was monstrous!”).

A short adjective is often used as a predicate in colloquial and artistic styles ("Our grandfather is not yet old at heart"). Using this technique allows you to vary the composition of the sentence, improve the readability of the text.

The noun becomes a predicate in qualifying sentences and is often separated from the subject by a dash. For example: "My mother is a cook", "The book is a storehouse of wisdom."

Also, sometimes the numeral (“Twice three - six”) also acts as a predicate.

Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part
b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning. To composite verbal predicates include predicates expressed by the personal form of the verb and the infinitive adjacent to it. The real meaning and the grammatical are presented in such a predicate dissected. The infinitive, which contains the real value, can be combined with verbs denoting the beginning, continuation or end of the action, as well as modal verbs denoting intention, will, ability, predisposition, desire, etc. The first group includes such verbs as start, start, become, be accepted (in the meaning of "begin"), continue, finish, stop, quit ("in the meaning of" finish "); to the second group - verbs want, wish, be able, be able, intend, manage, unlearn, be able, prepare, dream, hope, be afraid, etc. Examples: 1) Oganesyan began to call out the prisoners one by one (Cossack.); He rushed to disarm (Shol.); Parabukin did not eat (Fed.); 2) Wanted to go around the whole world (Gr.); Sometimes the head refused to think for two (Gonch.).

Compound verbs can also include predicates with a phraseologized combination in place of a modal verb; in the second part of such a predicate, the infinitive is used. For example: burn with a desire to see, have the intention to relax, agree to come, etc.

Instead of a modal verb in a compound verbal predicate, a predicative adjective can also be used, to which the infinitive adjoins. These are adjectives like: glad, much, intends, must, ready, able, free. For example: He is ready to wait; The student is able to learn everything.

A compound verb predicate can be complicated by a third component. Such predicates are not fundamentally separated from compound verbs and differ only in a certain increase in meaning. Most often, these are such predicates in which a verb in a personal form and two dependent infinitives are combined. Verbs in personal form (the same as in compound predicates) indicate the beginning, continuation or end of an action or have modal meanings. A predicative adjective can also be a component of such a predicate.

As a rule, in a three-term verbal predicate, a modal verb and a verb indicating the beginning, continuation or end of an action (one of them in the form of an infinitive) are combined, for example: I wanted (I want) to start studying; decided to start treatment, hoped to quit smoking; could (can) start singing; I wanted to run away, but I couldn't. In place of the verb in the personal form, there can be a predicative adjective: ready to start studying; happy to quit smoking, but can't; agree to stay and work. Attributing to compound predicates the combination of verbs of the type decided to start learning, promised to stop looking for some linguists is questioned, it is proposed to divide such a combination into two predicates: the main and secondary infinitive type. However, such tripartite verb combinations must be approached differentially, i.e., the degree of lexical significance of the verbs in these combinations must be taken into account. If the main meaning of the predicate is conveyed only by the last infinitive, and the first two verbs denote only the beginning, end, continuation of the action in combination with the meanings of will, possibility, impossibility of action, desirability or inclination, then such predicates should not be divided, since in the end they denote one action or state: I want to start studying, I could not rush to run; if both infinitive verbs in a three-term combination denote independent, separately existing actions, then the first two verbs should be considered the predicate, and the third one should be considered a secondary member of the sentence (circumstance or addition).

a) ancillary part - bundle(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (time and mood);
b) the main part - nominal part(name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

Nominal the predicate consists of a verb copula in the personal form and a nominal part. The link can be of three types: 1) abstract - this is a verb to be in various forms of tense and mood; the bundle is called abstract because it has a purely grammatical meaning and is devoid of material content, for example: The voice of a stranger was heard less and less (Paust.) 2) semi-abstract , or semi-significant, is a verb with a weakened lexical meaning; such a verb conveys grammatical meanings (time, inclination), linking the predicate with the subject, in addition, this verb introduces part of the lexical meaning into the predicate - naming, transition from one state to another, etc., for example: I have now become the most meek man (T.);; 3) significant , or real, is a verb that fully retains its lexical meaning, denoting a state, movement, etc., for example: No one is born a hero, soldiers mature in battle.

Such full-valued verbs are included in the predicate together with nominal forms and only for this reason are conventionally considered as connectives. In essence, these verbs, while fully preserving the lexical meaning, are not grammaticalized and express an independent feature of the subject. No wonder A. A. Shakhmatov considered predicates with such verbs to be double.

Linking verbs of the third group can be freely used as independent predicates: return, come, return, be born, leave, live, stand, lie, sit, die, work, stay.

As a result of the presence of a linking verb and a nominal part, the predicates are called constituent : the grammatical meanings of such a predicate are enclosed in a bundle (to be; to be called, to become, to become; to begin, to end, to seem, to come; to come, to return, to stand, to live), and the real ones are in the nominal part.

If the predicate has the meaning of the present tense, there may be no abstract link, the predicate in this case is called either a simple nominal or a compound one with a zero link, for example: The driver is a small daring. The role of the predicative link can be performed by pointing particles this, here, then, this means. The predicate can also be attached to the subject with the help of comparative words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if.

A compound nominal predicate can be complicated by a third component - in this case it consists of a predicative adjective, a link and a nominal part: You it should be our first playwright(Fed.)

All nominal parts of speech (noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral) can act as a nominal part of the predicate.

1. Noun in the role of a nominal part, it is usually used in the forms of the nominative or instrumental case: Daughter Marina was high darkie ( Kozhevn.). The instrumental predicative is a developing, active form. This form is gradually replacing the nominative predicative. Both forms currently differ semantically and stylistically. The nominative denotes a constant, stable sign, it is usually used in a predicate without a link, conceivable in the present tense: Brother is a teacher, I am an engineer. When referred to the plan of the past, such a nominative is perceived as archaic: Of course, we were buddies(L.). A temporary, non-permanent sign is transmitted more often with the help of the instrumental form: ... Already in the Grove Ogonyok becomes fire(Cr.). The nominal part can be expressed by a noun in the form of the genitive case, for example: Philosopher Khoma Brut had a cheerful disposition(G.). The peculiarity of such a predicate is that the range of words that can act in this function in the form of the genitive case is limited and the predicate itself always has the meaning of either a qualitative characteristic or an internal state, and with a genitive name an adjective is necessarily used, which contains an indication for a quality attribute: Hands were plump, small, but immaculate form(Cossack.). The genitive case of a name can have the meaning of relationship or belonging (in this case, the adjective is optional with it): Whose stroller? my lord(L.). In the role of the nominal part of the predicate, the genitive case of the name with a preposition can also be used, for example: And they say - lilies without smell(Fed.).

2. The adjective in the role of the nominal part of the predicate is used in full and short forms, in forms of different degrees. Full form adjectives have both nominative and instrumental cases. For example: Mysterious and that's why beautiful dark thickets of forests (Paust.) \

3. Nominal part can be expressed communion : short and full, passive and real. For example: Brow her were shifted (T.); Tea was untouched(Dost.). Full participle can also be in the instrumental form: Glasses of tea stand intact ( S. - Shch.).

4. In the role of the nominal part of the predicate, various pronouns : personal, possessive, interrogative-relative, demonstrative, attributive, negative and indefinite. Both nominative and instrumental forms are possible. For example: Are you you is it Rudin? (T.); - She is my! he said sternly. Like nouns, pronouns can act as predicates in the forms of different cases with prepositions, representing free nominal combinations or combinations of a phraseologized type, for example: You can stay with me while the house follow me(Fed.).

5. Nominal part can be expressed numeral or quantitative-nominal combination . For example: It [building] it was two floors(G.), Twice two - four.

It consists of a nominal part and a linking verb. The linking verb may not be materially expressed. It may be zero. Summer is rainy.

There are 3 types of verb connectives

1) the verb-bundle "to be", standing in any tense and mood. This bundle in its pure form is devoid of its lexical meaning. It can only indicate the grammatical meaning of mood, tense, person, gender, or pure.

I was here = was. The summer was rainy.

2) semi-significant verbal connectives, their lexical meaning is weakened by verbs with a phase meaning, with a modal meaning, as well as a semi-significant meaning: to be considered, to appear, to be called, to seem, etc.. The child appears to be sick.

3) fully significant verbs. Usually verbs of motion or state. Katya returned from a joyful walk.

Linking verb function in SIS:

1) express modality and syntactic tense

2) Connect the predicate with the subject

3) Semi-significant and full-significant connectives are involved in the formation of the lexical meaning of the predicate.

1) adjective in full or short form in positive, comparative or superlative degree.

He was sick.(s.p.) He seems sick. (Semi-significant copula + instrumental)

2) a noun, most often in the nominative case, but can be in instrumental and other case forms. My brother is a teacher. Brother is a teacher.

3) the nominal part of speech can be expressed by the participle. Most often, passive past participles are used in the marginal form. The picture is written.

4) the nominal part can be expressed as a numeral. Two times two is four.

5) can be expressed as an indivisible phrase. The boy was ten years old.

6) pronouns of various categories. What is the date today? Petrov is the one who came yesterday.

7) an adverb with the meaning of a qualitative characteristic of an object. The windows were wide open.

Compound Predicate

It consists of three or more components, they are built according to certain schemes.

Two-part sentences have

1) short adjective + (linking verb) + infinitive. He was supposed to arrive yesterday.

2) short adjective + (linking verb) + verb "to be" + name/participle.

The answer had to be correct.

3) verb + "to be" + noun/adjective.

He dreamed of being a pilot.

4) verb + infinitive (with modal/phase semantics) + infinitive.

He wanted to keep learning.

Types of compound predicates in a one-part sentence.

1) KS + (verb-link) + infinitive. It was good to have a rest in the summer.

2) KS + (linking verb) + be + adjective. For this you need to be very careful.

The secondary members of the sentence do not express the relationship of predicativity.

Definition. Communication type - agreement. Definitions are divided into agreed and inconsistent. Agreed definitions are associated with the main word by the connection of agreement and are expressed in Russian by adjectives, participles, pronouns-adjectives and ordinal numbers. Inconsistent definitions are associated with the main word through control or adjunction. The method of control links definitions that are expressed by prepositional-case or case forms of nouns.

Father's house. Inconsistent definition, as Expressed noun in the genus. case.

Polka-dot dress. Inconsistent definition, expressed by him. noun in v.p.

There are also definitions expressed by the infinitive, adverb and comparative.

House opposite. Definition expressed by an adverb, adjunction, inconsistent. adverb.

Inconsistent definitions, as a rule, are syncretic and are in the zone of transition.

House by the road. Circumstance and addendum.

An atypical definition in Russian is an application.

Appendix- structural-semantic version of the definition.

Application features:

1) expressed by a noun.

2) defines the subject, i.e. gives it a different name.

Sister Valeria. Valeria is the main word, sister is the application.

3) can stand before and after the word being defined.

4) is associated with a noun with a special type of connection - the parallelism of forms.

Since the connection between the noun being defined and the application is not formally expressed, the problem of distinguishing arises - where is the main word, and where is the application.

The semantics of words is of great importance in the distinction.

1) if there is a generic and specific concept, then the application will be the word that names the specific concept.

Cranberry.

2) if one of the words is literary, and the other is dialectal or slang, then the application is a word with a narrower scope of use.

Sheep snipe. Snipe-literary-main.

3) if one of the words specifies, clarifies or narrows another concept, then it will be an application.

Road engineer. Road builder is narrower in semantics, therefore it is an application.

4) if one of the words has a qualitative-evaluative value, then it will be an application.

Handsome deer. Handsome app.

5) if one of the words is an animate proper noun, and the other is a common noun, then the common noun will be an application.

Artist Kramskoy. Kramskoy - the main thing.

6) if a proper name is inanimate and next to it is a common noun, then the application will already be a proper name.

Moscow city. The city is the main thing.

7) the application is a word indicating a profession, nationality, kinship, age, etc.

Old surgeon.

8) a separate member of the proposal will always be an application.

The surviving brother, Ivan, was making something.

Addition - a grammatically dependent minor member of a sentence that denotes a grammatically dependent subject and, as a rule, is expressed by a noun or a noun pronoun.

The addition is associated with the main word by the type of connection control, usually comes after the word being defined and denotes the object on which the action is directed.

Additions are divided into direct and indirect. Direct and indirect objects are distinguished in the same way as direct and indirect object values.

Object value can be combined with

Book reading. R.p. indirect addition.

The smell of dried grass rose from the ground. Walked from the ground. From what? Addition is indirect. Where? From the earth. Circumstance value.

In fact, the object can be expressed by any part of speech, including the infinitive. If the addition is expressed by the infinitive, then this is an adjunction.

Forests teach to understand nature. What do they teach? Understand.

Circumstance- a grammatically dependent minor member of a sentence that denotes various signs of an action or the degree of manifestation of a sign. It is expressed, as a rule, by an adverb or a proposed case form of a noun.

According to the method of communication, this is adjoining or weak control. More often it is in postposition in relation to the word on which it depends, but it can also be in preposition. Most often it depends on the verb, less often - on a qualitative adjective, adverb or category of state.

Types of circumstances:

1) mode of action. Denote a characteristic or way of performing an action. Answer the questions: how? how? how? The drums thumped hurriedly. Depends on the verb.

2) measures and degrees. Denote a quantitative characteristic of an action or feature. Answer the questions: To what extent? in what degree? how many? The room is very quiet. Quiet to what extent?

3) places. Indicates the place of action, direction or path of movement. Answers the questions: where? where? where? We lived in the forest. Running in the forest is good for health.

4) time . Indicates the duration of the action and its duration. Answers the questions: when? how long? since when? How long? I leave tomorrow.

5) causes. Identifies the reason for the action. Answer the questions: why? for what reason? Because of the rain, everyone stayed at home. Prepositional case form of a noun, management. Syncretic.

6) goals. Describe the purpose of the action. They answer the question: why? for what purpose? Went to fish.

7) Conditions. Denote the conditions under which an action or state is possible. Answers the question: under what conditions? If desired, this is easy to do. Often combined with a circumstance of time or with an objective meaning. I will go there only with you.

8) Concessions. Indicates a condition against which an action or state is possible. Answers the questions: no matter what? contrary to what? Despite the rain, the competition took place. Derivative suggestion.

One-part sentences

Only one main member of the sentence and it expresses the CG of the sentence (modality, syntactic tense, predicativity). One-part sentences are structurally complete sentences,

Classification of one-part sentences.

According to the morphological expression of the main member, all one-part sentences are divided into verbal and nominal. Among the verbs, there are: 1) definitely personal 2) indefinitely personal 3) generalized personal 4) impersonal 5) infinitive

Among nominal sentences stand out: 1) nominative 2) genetive 3) vocative

verb sentences.

Personal one-part sentences. In them, the main member indicates the active producer of the action. At the same time, the producer of the action is not named in order to focus attention on the action itself.

I love the storm in early May.

The main member of the sentence performs three functions:

1) points to the subject.

2) expresses the modal-temporal plan.

3) expresses lexical meaning.

Depending on the nature of the subject, personal sentences are divided into definitely personal, indefinitely personal and generalized. The definite subject is expressed in the first or second person form of the verb. The indefinite subject is expressed in the form of the 3rd person plural.

There is a knock on the door.

Definite subject - 1st and 2nd person

Indefinite subject - 3 person plural, just plural

AT vaguely personal sentences, the subject can be thought of as definite if the subject of the action is not known, or it can be thought of as indefinite even if the subject is known.

AT generalized personal sentences, the subject can

generalized personal sentences are distinguished on the basis of the semantics of the subject, and in form they coincide with definitely or indefinitely personal sentences.

Tears of sorrow will not help. They don't wave their fists after a fight.

non-personal one-part sentences: impersonal and infinitive.

Impersonal offer - a one-part sentence, the main member of which expresses an action or state that exists independently of the activity and will of the subject. The subject can be named, but cannot be in the nominative form. I'm cold. It's getting light.

Impersonal offers.

impersonal proposals- This is the most common type of one-part sentences. These sentences are the most diverse, both in structure and semantics. The main member of an impersonal sentence can have a different expression:

1) verbal form coinciding with the 3rd person singular or cf.

Howls in the pipe.

3) a short passive participle of the neuter gender. The room is smoky.

4) the word "no" in combination with the genitive case of a noun can act as a predicate. I have no time.

5) modal or phase verb in impersonal form + dependent infinitive. I wanted to sleep. It began to get dark.

Infinitive sentences- this is a special structural-semantic type of one-part sentences in which the main member of the sentence is expressed by an independent infinitive. Do not overtake you crazy three. Modality in such sentences is expressed by the very form of the infinitive and intonation and is differentiated with the help of particles. They express the meanings of obligation, necessity, impossibility, inevitability. Be rain. Infinitive meanings with a particle would have the meaning of desirability and caution. Wouldn't be late! Swim would!

Similar information.

Predicate along with the subject, it is an element of the grammatical basis of the sentence. The predicate denotes the action that the subject performs, as well as its state or sign, therefore, the predicate answers questions what to do? what to do? what happens to the subject? what is the subject? what is he? who is he? As a rule, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but there are other ways of expressing it - a noun, adjective, pronoun, participle, etc.

The predicate of the Russian language is represented by three types - simple verbal predicate, compound verbal and compound nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the type of predicate in a particular case, it is necessary, firstly, to present a diagram of the composition of the predicate, and secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme to specific language material. Consider the types of predicates, briefly characterize each of them and follow the implementation with an example.

1. Simple verbal predicate.

This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood. For example, he plays; would come early and others. Most often, this type is remembered according to the formula: one word in the predicate, which means that the predicate is a simple verb. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: this type includes predicates, which include 2, 3 or even more words. For example:

He will for a long time recall about the past(the future is complex).

Let be stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative mood).

He went out of his mind (phraseologism).

They are waited, waited and did not wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).

Springs waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).

Get offended don't get offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with the particle not).

I'll go for a walk (a combination of different verbs in the same form).

2. Compound verb predicate.

This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in the predicate so that we can call it a compound verb! Again, you should not think that this predicate consists of 2 components - there may be more.

He wants to enroll in the Institute.

I long could not with them meet.

You must learn.

He was a lover of fun.

I was unable to think about it.

Note that phase verbs most often act as an auxiliary element (those that denote the phase of action - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words ( must, must, wants).

3. Compound nominal predicate.

Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but other links can also be found. The nominal part is expressed by an adjective. Noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.

Weather was good.

The book is true friend.

He has character harder become.

Grass bevelled.

Evening quiet.

Mistake was present.

Two by two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, determining the type of predicate is a simple task, you only need to know the material confidently and completely and, most importantly, be able to navigate it.

site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.

Compound nominal predicate (grade 8), along with the subject, is one of the main members of the sentence. As you know, there are three types of predicates: simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate, compound nominal predicate. A simple verb is expressed by one full-valued word or a related phrase. The compound verb predicate has two parts: the infinitive and the verb. What is a compound nominal predicate? To begin with, we note that it is studied in the 8th grade, it consists of two parts: a bundle and a nominal part.

Compound nominal predicate (8th grade)

A link in a compound nominal predicate

Bundle expresses modality and category of time. Most often, the following verbs can act as a link:

The verb to be in all categories of tense. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense turns into a zero connective;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with a categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, reach, swim, fly away, come, etc .;

Katerina is excited and energized by the unforeseen circumstances that have arisen on her way home. I'll be the first just for the sake of being better than you. If you become a good boy, I might take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cold outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of bygone days.
Leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

Types of ligaments

The compound nominal predicate has several types of connections, which are markedly different from each other:

In past and future tenses, the verb to be expressed clearly. Same context: she was a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition and she will be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition. Compound nominal predicates with an abstract connective to be are highlighted in the sentences.

A few words about the form of the subjunctive mood, when using it, the particle would be added to the abstract connective to be. Suggestion: she would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

Ligament semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs to appear, seem, turn out, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-significant connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition.
Ligament significant, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie down, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, speak, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Suggestions: Geese in the yard walked important, as if the owners of the whole farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate

In the role of the nominal part are:

Summer days are getting shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental form).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This summer has been unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in a positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extraordinarily rich. Honey collected from your apiary is so sweet. (abbreviated adjective).
All the mistakes made while writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly became afraid. It was rather strange (adverb).

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its feature is the presence of two parts: ligament and nominal part. The problem of modern school education lies in the fact that sometimes students do not have time to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates in the classroom, as a result, it is impossible to find and determine one of the main members of the sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.