The administrative center of the Yamalo Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Vessels sail along the Pur River (pictured), and the country's largest Urengoy gas and Gubkinskoye oil and gas fields were found on its banks. Translated from the Nenets "pur" - "big, bubbling, hyum". Outwardly, it does not make such an impression, but during the summer flood its level rises by 7 m.

Geography

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is part of and lies in the Far North of Western Siberia. Almost half of the region is above the Arctic Circle, and part is on the slopes of the Ural Mountains. Administratively, it includes the islands of the Kara Sea: Bely - the largest, Oleniy, Shokalsky, etc. The northern border of the district is part of the state border of the Russian Federation.

The coastline is heavily indented, the coastal strip is shallow, and the waters are slightly saline. Nine months the Kara Sea is covered with ice up to 6 m thick (!).

The territory includes the Tazovsky, Gydansky and Mammoth peninsulas, which protrude far to the north, separated by the Ob, Tazovsky and Gydansky bays (bays), deeply protruding into the land. The Gulf of Ob is the largest sea bay in the Russian sector of the Arctic: about 40.8 thousand km 2, length about 800 km, width up to 75 km. To the west of Yamal, there is another large bay - Baydaratskaya Bay, nicknamed the "ice bag": ice is kept in it from October to June.

The territory of the district consists of two parts - flat and small mountainous. The Okrug occupies vast expanses of the world's largest West Siberian Plain with an average height of about 110 m, with a dense network of ravines, river valleys, lakes and swamps. Permafrost rocks are ubiquitous.

In the south - closer to the Siberian ridges - elevated areas of the lowland. In the west, the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals stretch in a narrow winding strip - from Konstantinov Kamen in the north and approximately to the border with the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the south, where the Polar Urals passes into the Subpolar Urals. These are quite large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 km. In the south, their average height is 600-800 m, and their width reaches 20-30 m. The highest point of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Mount Payer, is also located here. In the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000-1300 m. Glacial landforms are common: karts, troughs, glacial lakes, and moraine hills. In places of tectonic faults processed by glaciers, there are passes of the Polar Urals, connecting Western Siberia with the East European part of Russia.

The extreme nature of the climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is determined by its high-latitude position, the influence of cyclonic activity, a flat territory and a large area. Winter can last up to eight months. The annual temperature range is very high: up to +30°С in summer and up to -60°С in winter. Fogs and magnetic storms are frequent, accompanied by polar lights in winter.

Nature

There are about 50,000 rivers in the Okrug, 200 of which are over 100 km long, as well as about 300,000 lakes of predominantly glacial origin. The river floodplain is a sandy plain tens of kilometers wide, heavily swamped, with many channels.

The main river of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is the Ob, within the district it flows in two powerful branches - the Big and Small Ob. Like other rivers flowing into the Kara Sea, it forms a wide estuary.

Several rivers are navigable. Valuable species of fish are found in them: nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, peled, pyzhyan, vendace.

The nature of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - tundra, forest tundra and northern taiga. Nearly half of the county's territory is pasture for domestic reindeer. Forests in the south are represented by larch, pine, spruce and cedar. On the islands and the coast of the Kara Sea there is a polar bear, the Arctic fox, wild reindeer, polar wolf and wolverine live in the tundra, in the south - sable, Siberian weasel. In the Ob and Taz bays there are white whales and seals, harp seals, bearded seals, and walruses. There are 14 protected natural areas in the Okrug with a total area of ​​75,771.24 km2.

And today, as in the old days, it is easier to get to these parts by sea (and now also by air). The further south, the thicker the taiga becomes, turning into impassable. The territory of the district is predominantly flat, but the construction of transport routes here is complicated by many rivers and lakes, as well as permafrost.

Story

In the past, people spoke with envy and admiration about the "gold-boiling Mangazeya" - the legendary city of incalculable wealth, who lived a short but bright life, to later turn into a beautiful myth.

In the Bronze Age, hunters and fishermen lived along the banks of the Ob and Taz, whose origins are associated with the tribes of the Andronovo culture. By the second half of the 1st millennium BC. e. the indigenous population has already partially switched to a sedentary lifestyle, also engaged in marine hunting, and built deep dugouts for housing.

Most of the current Nenets of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug descended from the Samoyeds, who assimilated the aboriginal population, who came from the south, who were ousted from Southern Siberia by the Turkic and Mongol tribes during the 1st millennium AD. e. Originally hunters and fishermen, for the last three hundred years they have been primarily engaged in domestic reindeer herding.

Russians - Novgorod fur traders - began to penetrate these places in the 11th century. Since 1187, the lower reaches of the Ob were in the possession of the Novgorod Republic, and after its fall they passed to the Moscow princes. From 1502, their title included "princes of Obdorsky and Yugorsky."

At the end of the XVI century. the territory was annexed to Russia, when in 1592 Tsar Fyodor I Ivanovich sent a detachment to finally conquer the lands of the great Ob. In 1595, at the mouth of the river, the Obdorsk prison was built - the current Salekhard.

1601 - the year of the founding of Mangazeya, the first Russian polar city in Siberia on the Taz River. Perhaps it would become the capital of all Northern Siberia, which would greatly facilitate its development. This was facilitated by the "Yamal portage" - an ancient sea passage, through which the Pomors in the Middle Ages penetrated beyond the Urals, repelling the attacks of the "thieves' Samoyeds" - the indigenous people. The main goods of Mangazeya were furs, northern white fish, mammoth bone, fish glue, bird feathers and down, birch chaga, boats, fur clothes. The white fox served as the monetary unit. But in 1620, the "Mangazeya sea route" from Arkhangelsk and the "Yamal portage" were banned by the tsarist authorities, who feared the development of duty-free trade and the growth of the independence of this region. Gradually, the city itself disappeared.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries. Selkups began to move from the Narym Territory to Yamal, in the 19th century. - Komizyryans from beyond the Urals. In the XVIII-XIX centuries. the population of the lower Ob region was surrounded by royal yasak and subjected to cruel exploitation by Russian and Komi-Zyryan industrialists and merchants. Famine and epidemics mowed down entire villages, which caused popular discontent: in the 1820-1840s. one of the largest uprisings of the Khanty and Nenets poor took place under the leadership of Vauli Piettomin.

In 1918, Soviet power was established in Obdorsk, and the Civil War continued until the end of 1921. In 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National Okrug was formed (the modern Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug also exists within its borders), in 1944 it became part of the Tyumen Region.

In 1947-1953. The forces of the GULAG prisoners built the Transpolar Highway, also known as the "Dead Road": the Chum - Salekhard - Igarka railway line. It remained unfinished, most of the already laid was destroyed. During the construction there were uprisings of prisoners.

In the 1960s the richest deposits of oil and gas were discovered, in the 1970s. pipelines have been built. In 1977, the national district received autonomous status. Today, Yamal produces 91% of the country's natural gas (23.7% of world production) and more than 14% of Russian oil and gas condensate. In total, the district produces more than 54% of Russia's primary energy resources.

The majority of the population is Russian, followed by Ukrainians and Nenets. Most believers are Orthodox; indigenous peoples retain traditional beliefs. For example, the Nenets imagine the afterlife as a mirror image of the world of the living, where everything is the opposite. Therefore, when a person was buried, things were placed next to him, having previously broken them so that they would be whole in the other world. The traditional celebrations of the local peoples are the Midsummer Festival and the first fish among the Nenets, the meeting of spring and the arrival of birds among the Selkups, the Crow's Day and the Bear Festival among the Khanty.

GENERAL INFORMATION
Location: north of the West Siberian Plain.

Administrative affiliation : Tyumen region, Ural federal district.
Administrative division : 7 cities of district significance, 7 districts.

Administrative center : Salekhard - 48,467 people (2016).
Cities: Novy Urengoy - 111,163 people, Noyabrsk - 106,631 people, Salekhard - 48,467 people, Nadym - 44,940 people, Muravlenko - 32,649 people.
Educated: 1930, as the Yamalo-Nenets National Okrug, since 1977 - autonomous.
Language: Russian, Nenets.
Ethnic composition : Russians - 61.7%, Ukrainians - 9.7%, Nenets - 5.9%, Tatars - 5.6%, Khanty - 1.9%, Azerbaijanis - 1.8%, Bashkirs - 1.7%, Belarusians - 1.3%, Komi - 1%, others - 9.4% (2010).
Religion: orthodoxy, shamanism.
Currency unit : Russian ruble.
Rivers: Ob, Nadym, Taz, Messoyakha and Pur.
lakes: Shuryshkarsky Sor, Yarato, Malto, Yambuto, Big Pike, Chaselskoe, Kozherel-Tu, Numto.
Neighboring subjects of the federation and water areas : in the north - the Kara Sea, in the east - the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, in the west - the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic.

Numbers

Square: 769 250 km2.
Length: from west to east - 1125 km, from north to south - 1230 km, sea coast - 5100 km.
Population: 534 104 people (2016).
Population density : 0.7 people / km 2.
Urban population : 83.67% (2016).
highest point : 1499 m, Payer (Polar Urals).
Remoteness (Salekhard) : 2804 km northeast of Moscow.
Area of ​​reserves : Verkhne-Tazovsky - 6313.08 km 2, Gydansky - 8781.74 km 2.

Climate and weather

Arctic marine, subarctic transitional from maritime to continental, temperate continental.

North - long severe winter with blizzards, very short foggy summer.

Center - windy, wet winters, cold summers.

South - cold winters, warm wet summers.
January average temperature : -25°C in the north, -22°C in the south.
July average temperature : +5°С in the north, +15°С in the south.
Average annual rainfall : up to 450 mm.
Average annual relative humidity : 70-80%.

Economy

GRP: 1611.6 billion rubles (2014), per capita - 2985.3 thousand rubles. (2014).
Minerals : oil (fields Kholmogorskoye, Muravlenkovskoye), natural gas (fields Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye).
Industry: oil and gas production, food (fish processing), forestry, woodworking.
Agriculture : animal husbandry (reindeer breeding, fur farming, fur trade).
Fishing- sea and river.
traditional crafts : reindeer skin dressing, bone carving, birch bark products, beadwork, cloth and fabric sewing.
Services sector: tourist, transport (Northern Sea Route and navigation on the rivers Ob, Nadym, Pur and Taz), trade.

Attractions

Natural

Islands of the Kara Sea (White, Shokalsky, Oleniy, Neupokoeva, Vilkitsky)

Hunting reserves Kunovatsky, Nadymsky and Nizhne-Obsky

Biological reserves Gornokhadatinsky, Messoyakhinsky, Sobty-Yugansky, Poluysky, Polar-Uralsky, Yamalsky and Pyakolsky

Geological monument of nature Kharbeysky

Synsko-Voykar ethnic territory

Taz tundra

Lake Amber

historical

Paleolithic site (Northern Tydeotta, 50-150 thousand years ago)

Neolithic settlement Samotnel (about 2 thousand years)

Medieval burial ground with mummies (village Zeleny Yar, IX-XIII centuries)

Nadym settlement (XVI century)

Settlement of Mangazeya (XVII century)

City of Salekhard

According to local legend, in the Big Pike Lake - the largest and deepest lake (136 m) in the Polar Urals - there is a giant ancient pike. There are eyewitness accounts that claim to have seen this fish, but apart from their words, there is no other evidence. In fact, this species has never lived in the lake, and today it is inhabited by char, grayling and burbot. As for the age of the lake, it is really very old: with the help of a piston pipe, it was possible to extract columns of bottom sediments up to 30 m high from the bottom.

Annalistic references to the impressions of Novgorod merchants associated with Yamal have been preserved. Struck by what they saw, they did not skimp on embellishing their stories, telling about the riches of the land, where “squirrels and deer fall
on the ground exactly rain from the clouds.

A significant accumulation of snow in cirque depressions and uneven terrain, as well as heavy cloudiness and high relative humidity of the air, caused the formation of small cirque-type glaciers located below the snow line in the Polar Urals.

The appearance of the name of the city of Mangazeya has not been precisely established. Presumably, it can come from the name of the Samoyed prince Makazei, the ancient name of the Taz River, the nickname of the Samoyed people Enets (Molgonzei), the Komi-Zyryan word "molgon" - "extreme, final", which also meant "outlying people".

The ban on trade through Mangazeya in 1620 was announced in the initial period of the reign of the first Russian tsar from the Romanov family, Mikhail. In fact, at that time, Patriarch Filaret ruled - the father of Michael, who was also called the Great Sovereign. Having been a prisoner of the Poles, and just released in 1619, Filaret was extremely suspicious - quite justified - of any excessive activity of foreigners (in this case, the British and Dutch) on the outskirts of the kingdom. The strengthening of Mangazeya could in the future lead to its rejection from Russia. Filaret's foresight was confirmed 300 years later: in 1914, the historian Inna Lyubimenko (1878-1959), working in the London archive, found documents about England planning to establish its protectorate in Mangazeya and adjacent territories.

The “Yamal portage” was carried out as follows: Arkhangelsk residents, empty lakes and Mezens went with goods on light karbas ships from the Kara Bay up the Mutnaya River to the lake from which it flows. Here the ships were unloaded, dragged through the portage to the Zelenaya River, which flows from the west into the Gulf of Ob, and the ships were loaded again. Then they went down the Zelenaya to the mouth, crossed the Ob Bay and walked along the Taz Bay to the mouth of the Taz River to Mangazeya itself. Since this path was hard and long, the same caravan left Mangazeya on the way back only the next year.

Each kind of Khanty has a totem animal, especially revered: it cannot be killed and eaten. The bear is revered by everyone, he is considered an assistant to the hunter. However, it can be hunted. In order to reconcile the spirit of the bear and the hunter who killed him, the Khanty organize a Bear Festival. Nowadays, it is held before the day of obtaining licenses to shoot a bear. The frog is considered the keeper of family happiness and an assistant to women in labor.

Yamal is a protected corner of the earth, the keeper of a surprisingly original and unique culture. Translated from the Nenets language, Yamal means "end of the earth." The history of its cultural heritage goes back thousands of years. This is the land of original residence of indigenous peoples: Nenets, Khanty, Selkups, Mansi. They have preserved without change the way of life of their ancestors, who lived here hundreds of years ago, and are still engaged in reindeer herding, fishing, and fur farming.

Beyond the Ural Mountains, here on the edge of the Earth,
Beyond the cold seas where my friends live
The peninsula is Yamal
Volynuk V.

Here you visit "Verkhnetazovsky" reserve , get to know the settlement of Mangazeya a unique monument of archeology, a monument of the Russian development of the Far North, and you will learn many more interesting things.

Features of nature

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the Arctic zone in the north of the world's largest West Siberian Plain and occupies a vast square 750.3 thousand km 2. This is one and a half of France. More than half of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The length of the district from north to south is 1230 km, from west to east - 1125 km. The northern border of the district, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea, has a length of 5100 km and is part of the State Border of the Russian Federation (about 900 km). In the west, along the Ural Range, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic, in the south - on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the east - on the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) and Evenki Autonomous Okrugs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The territory of the district is located mainly in three climatic zones: arctic, subarctic and the zone of the northern (taiga) zone of the West Siberian lowland. The natural conditions of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are diverse - from the taiga to the arctic tundra, from the marshy plains to the Polar Ural highlands.

Relief The district is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat. Almost 90% of the flat part lies within heights up to 100 meters above sea level; from here there are many rivers, lakes and swamps. The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals from Konstantinov Kamen in the north to the upper reaches of the Hugla River in the south and is a large mountain range with a total length of over 200 km. The average height of the southern massifs is 600-800 m, and the width is 20-30 m. The highest peaks are the Belfry mountains - 1305 m, Pai-Er - 1499 m and others. To the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000-1300 m. The main watershed ridge of the Polar Urals is winding, its absolute heights reach 1200-1300 m and higher. Tectonic faults processed by glaciers form convenient passes through the Polar Urals, connecting Western Siberia with the Eastern European part of the country.

largest water artery— Ob. The navigable rivers are Pur, Taz, Nadym. There are about 300,000 lakes and 48,000 rivers in the Okrug. In countless reservoirs, the world's largest herd of valuable whitefish breeds feeds. Nature has sheltered 70% of the world's whitefish reserves here. The famous northern white fish is nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, peled, pyzhyan, vendace.

Live nature

Rich and varied vegetable world districts. According to available statistics, there are 866 species of aquatic and terrestrial flora in the district, including: flowering - 203, bryophytes - 70, horsetails - 5, swimming pools - 2, lichens - 60, cap mushrooms - 130, algae - 302. Research results confirm the opinion that the idea of ​​the poverty of the tundra flora is a consequence of its insufficient knowledge. The biodiversity of Yamal against the world background is small, but it is represented by a number of rare, ecologically vulnerable species that make up a single regional complex. Seven species of higher vascular plants are included in the Red Book, many species are not included there only because of poor study.
The attentive eye of a lover of restrained northern nature will find here a lot of unusual and original things. For example, exotic reindeer moss, which even a resident of middle latitudes has only heard of. Or clydonia alpine, covering the old burnt areas with a solid thick carpet. And how much joy the thickets of delicious berries- lingonberries, blueberries and cloudberries, with which a magnificent Russian pie is so good.

None of us then knew that checking to the end,
Our gray-haired father Yamal heals souls and hearts.
Who has been there - he will not forget the harsh Arctic Circle
And it’s not cold, if a real friend is next to you!
Rozov S.

The history of this region

The first information about the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century. However, Novgorod merchants penetrated the "Edge of the Earth" before. In the initial ideas of the Novgorodians about the riches of the northern land and its people, there was a lot of fantastic. Travelers said that "squirrels and deer fall to the ground there like rain from clouds." Since 1187, the lower Ob was part of the volosts, subjects of Veliky Novgorod, and after its fall, it passed to the Moscow princes, to whose titles Obdorsky and Yugorsky were added in 1502. In 1592, Tsar Fedor organized a campaign for the final conquest of the lands of the Great Ob. In 1595, one of the Cossack detachments built a fortification called Obdorsk (today it is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Salekhard). Obdorsk long remained the last Russian settlement in the Ob North.

Now there are 8 cities in the district - Salekhard, Labytnangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, and 7 urban-type districts: Korotchaevo, Limbyakha, Pangody, Old Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy, Kharp and 103 small rural settlements.

Yamal is heartily glad to friends,
Knows how to accept them.
And all the ways for "TU" and Nart -
They bring them to Salekhard.
Andreev L.

City of Salekhard

Salekhard is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located 2,436 km northeast of Moscow and 1,982 km north of the city of Tyumen. Salekhard is located on the Poluy Upland, on the right bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Poluy River, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. It is the only city in the world located on the Arctic Circle. The original name of the city of Obdorsk came from the name of the Ob River and the word “dor”, which is translated from the Komi language as “a place near”, “near something”. However, the Nenets have long called the village of Sale-Kharn, that is, "a settlement on a cape." In the middle of the 18th century, merchants came here for fairs, and at the end of the 18th century, the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the 19th century, Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence.

Salekhard is home to one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world - Ust-Poluysky . And it is located on one of the many hills that steeply run down to the bank of Poluy. The history of the Ust-Polui site is unique. Back in 1935-1936, a young St. Petersburg scientist Vasily Stepanovich Adrianov began to dig it out. The finds excavated from the earth by Adrianov's expedition were very valuable for science, and the scientist's research bypassed literally the entire world archaeological press. Then monuments were discovered on Seyakh, Tiutey-Sale.

The Salekhard fish cannery is the largest in the Tyumen region and is one of the first-born industrial development of the north of Western Siberia. The city of Salekhard is a major river port. 72 years ago (in 1933) the North Ural Trust of the Glavsevmorput was established in Salekhard. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur harvesting, fur slaughter, and timber export. Since 1951, a mink fur farm has been operating in the city of Salekhard, where fur-bearing animals are bred - arctic foxes, nutrias and minks.

There is also a modern the airport , the grand opening of which took place on May 31, 2000. "Iron Birds" fly to many cities in Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest). It is also planned to carry out flights to Cyprus, to Turkey. Works in Salekhard local history museum , where local handicrafts are collected - bone carving, beaded jewelry, embroidery and appliqué (a pattern made using scraps of various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.

Salekhard is a sports city, where almost every resident goes in for sports. This is facilitated by a large number of cultural and sports institutions of the city. enjoys great popularity Ice Palace , which recently opened its doors to lovers of active recreation. What kind of sections are not there, what kind of competitions were not held here! The city operates tennis club with a nice name "Polar". A children's and youth sports school operates here, in which many sports personnel have been trained. For lovers of skiing in the city created ski base , where there is a beautiful illuminated ski track, equipped buildings for recreation.

In 1990, the city of Salekhard was included in the list of historical cities.. A protected historical zone has been created in the city, because there are many buildings of historical and architectural value. In recent years, the ancient city of Salekhard, which no one has been engaged in for more than 400 years, can be said to have been reborn. At present, it has become a major cultural and industrial center, with modern, well-appointed houses. The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing: a lot of construction is being carried out there and colossal work is being done to improve the urban area. Today's inhabitant of the city amazes with its architectural thoughtfulness and originality.

City of Labytnangi

Labytnangi is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, beyond the Arctic Circle, 20 km from the town of Salekhard. This is a wharf city on the left bank of the Ob River with the satellite villages of Kharp and Polyarny, the base of the construction industry of the entire district.
Labytnangi is a Khanty phrase. It means "seven larches". Previously, it was a settlement of Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary dwellings - tents. A new life was given to the settlement by the railway that came here - the brainchild of the Stalinist Gulag. Thanks to this road, the city has become a springboard for the development of Urengoy, Yamburg and other major gas fields. In 1986, the construction of the new Labytnangi-Bovanenkovo ​​railway began and is now almost completed. It is the northernmost railway in the world. It was built for the development of the Bovanenkovo ​​gas field.

The city of Labytnangi is not just a base city, but it is a supporting city of the polar oil and gas complex. This is the base of geologists, seismic explorers, a major center of the construction industry. Without him, there would be no Urengoy, no Medvezhy, no Yamburg, no other famous giants. This is a profitable transport hub, which in the future will be an outpost for the development of the Polar Urals. And the city connects all its prospects with the further development of this complex.

In 2003, the city of Labytnangi added one more to its status as the "gate of Yamal" - ski resort . Complex "October", located seven kilometers from the city, is a unique place for active winter recreation. Both masters of skiing and beginners come here. At the service of visitors: a track with a length of 630 m, with a height difference of 110 m and an average slope of 160 °. A tow lift will take everyone to the slope, a 200 m long baby lift is available for small visitors. The slope is prepared with the help of snow cannons and the Ratrak snow compactor. The system of artificial snow made it possible to extend the ski season from September to May. For younger visitors, Oktyabrsky offers sledding, and for fans of extreme sports, tubing. Tubing is a rubber chamber covered with a special durable coating. Ski equipment, tubing, sledges can be rented.
It is also planned to use the complex in the summer for recreation - catamarans, boating, fishing, picking mushrooms. Rest in "Oktyabrsky" is good for the whole family. Picturesque corners of nature, as well as an affordable price level, in a short time made the ski complex a favorite vacation spot for Labytnang and Salekhard families and guests of the city.

Ski complex in the village of Polyarny (Polar Urals) . Currently, in the village of Polyarny there is a ski slope - a drag lift. The length is 600 m, the height difference is 140 m, the average slope is 30°. There is a base with a hall for meals and a kitchen, on the second floor there are several rooms for overnight stay and rest. The complex is located in a picturesque place among the mountains of the Polar Urals.

City of Gubkinsky

Gubkinsky is located two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle, on the left bank of the Pyaku-Pur River, 16 km from the Purpe station on the Tyumen-Surgut-Novy Urengoy railway. It is connected with the "Great Land" by a motorway, the nearest airport is located 250 km in the city of Noyabrsk. The city arose as a base center in connection with the industrial development of a group of the northernmost oil and gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which are promising in terms of reserves and are distinguished by unique properties. At the beginning of 1986, troops landed almost out of nowhere to build the Gubkinsky gas processing plant and the city, which had no exact name.

Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian Lowland in the forest-tundra zone, which here is represented by larch and coniferous woodlands (birch, willow, pine, cedar, larch), peat bogs, and swamps with moss-lichen cover. Abundance in the forest and swamps berries: cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, princess is found, as well as many white and other mushrooms. Very varied and interesting animal world. The local forests are inhabited by: flying squirrel, white hare, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, marten, sable, lynx, Siberian weasel, ermine, badger, otter, muskrat... deer. Bird families are widely represented: capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, stone pine, many waterfowl. All animals are of hunting and commercial importance. The abundance of food and spawning grounds favors the reproduction of fish - the rivers and surrounding lakes are rich in valuable species.

City of Muravlenko

The birth of the city is directly connected with another Yamal city - Noyabrsk, from which it is located 95 km. Muravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. The main city-forming industrial enterprises are the Oil and Gas Production Department Sutorminskneft, Muravlenkovskneft, and Sugmutneft. They are engaged in the development of deposits. The largest of them is Muravlenkovskoye, opened in 1978.

City of Nadym

Nadym is the center of the Nadymsky district. The place where the city is located has long been known for rich moss pastures, where the Nenets grazed their deer. In total, 80 thousand people live in the region. There are nine villages on the territory of the district, including three villages of indigenous people. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the district, thanks to the largest natural gas fields discovered in Yamal. The city of Nadym is located 1225 km from Tyumen and 563 km southeast of Salekhard. It is located in the north of Western Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is located 583 km from Nadym.

The basis of the city's economy is the gas industry. The main enterprise is Nadymgazprom, which is engaged in the industrial development of the Medvezhye gas field and its satellite fields, Yubileynoye and Yamsoveisky. A system of gas pipelines originates in Nadym, such as the North of the Tyumen region - the Urals - the Volga region - the Center, as well as the Medvezhye field - Nadym and Nadym - Punga. Since 1974, Nadymsky gas has been supplied to the capital of our Motherland, Moscow. The length of this gas pipeline is 3,000 km (in Soviet times, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 km).

Nadymsky airport is one of the oldest airports in Russia. Its history begins back in 1969. Now he accepts all types of aircraft, including heavy airliners ("Tu-154"). The city of Nadym is often called the northern capital of gas workers, and this is quite fair, because Nadym is a large modern city near the Arctic Circle, it is the pride of the entire Tyumen region. Nadym has 7 well-maintained micro-districts with a total area of ​​over 200 thousand km 2 - this is a rather large cultural and leisure city.

An example of caring for nature - relic cedar grove in the city center, which is the pride of the townspeople (history testifies that the cedar grove was left by the first builders as a monument of the northern unique nature). In winter, the most popular in the city illuminated ski Track and in summer a place for walking. The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fabulous city among the silent tundra and permafrost, lies in the fact that its birth, formation and thirty-year history created a special cohort of Nadym people, people who dedicated their lives to Nadym, devoted to him and proudly asserting: “We live in the most beautiful and best city.

Nadymsky hunting reserve . It protects typical landscapes, rare and valuable plant species and plant communities. It also serves to preserve the livestock of wild reindeer, elk, brown bear, sable, and otter. The main objects of protection include: brown bear, Tobolsk sable, pine marten, weasel, Tobolsk ermine, muskrat, white hare, elk; whooper swan, gray goose, white-fronted goose, lesser white-fronted goose, goose, wigeon, whistle-teal, cracker-teal, pintail, shoveler, crested duck; nelma, white broad whitefish, pyzhyan, peled, as well as ecosystems of the northern taiga subzone of the taiga and the southern subzone of the forest tundra.
Square reserve 564,000 ha. About half of the area of ​​the reserve is occupied by forests. The predominant species are larch, spruce. Shrubs are widespread: crowberry, wild rosemary, blueberry, dwarf birch. The most common are peat bogs: flat-hilly with shrub-lichen-moss cover on the hillocks and grass-moss in the hollows.

City of Novy Urengoy

Novy Urengoy is located 450 km east of Salekhard, it is the second largest city (after Noyabrsk) in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yakha River (a tributary of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Arctic Circle. "Urengoy" is a Nenets word, it means "bald hill" or "hill on which larches grow" in translation. The history of this northern city of oil and gas workers dates back to September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoy gas condensate field of the Urengoygazprom Production Association (extraction and processing of oil and gas), the largest hydrocarbon raw material in the Far North in terms of volume. The uniqueness of the emergence of the city and the development of the field lies in the fact that the gas workers followed the prospectors of the bowels, that is, almost on virgin soil.

Novy Urengoy is the largest transport hub of the YaNAO with a railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with OAO Sevtyumentransput, with a highway to Tyumen, with an airport. The highway connects Novy Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg, a gas settlement on the Taz Peninsula, but from there the only way is to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Ten main pipelines originate from here, supplying natural gas to the national economy of the country, the Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod export gas pipeline to the countries of Western Europe.

City of Noyabrsk

Noyabrsk is the southernmost city of the YaNAO. It is located southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km northeast of the city of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Ridges, on the watershed of the Ob and Pur rivers, near Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai. On April 28, 1982, the settlement of Noyabrsk received the status of a city. It is the largest city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in terms of population. The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975. Then, on the ice of the Ikhu-Yakha River, located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, the first helicopter assault landed to begin the development of the Kholmogorskoye field - the first stage in the development of a new oil region - Noyabrsky. Initially, there were two variants of the name - Khanto (after the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and Noyabrsky. We decided: let it be Noyabrsky, since the first landing force landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city was chosen according to the weather, according to the calendar.
The city of Noyabrsk in its geographical position is the "southern gate" of the district. Noyabrsk is traversed by the Tyumen-Novy Urengoy railway and the highway connecting Noyabrsk with the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug and further with the "mainland". The city has excellent air links, there is a modern airport capable of receiving heavy aircraft. The airport opened on July 1, 1987. It is called the gate to the Far North.

Today Noyabrsk is the largest oil metropolis in the YaNAO. This is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where one fifth of the population of the district lives and almost a quarter of industrial output is produced. This is a beautiful, European-style modern city, which, undoubtedly, has become the cultural and spiritual center of the south of Yamal. Under these conditions, the city of Noyabrsk has a prospect for the next 25-30 years to become a base city for the development of the subsoil reserves of the south of Yamal.

City of Tarko-Sale

Tarko-Sale is the center of the Purovsky district, located in the most beautiful places, at the confluence of the Ayvasedapur and Pyakupur rivers and the formation of the Pur river. The air transport distance to Tyumen is 1117 km, to Salekhard - 550 km. The nearest railway station is Purovsk, located 11 km from Tarko-Sale. The city is connected with the "big Earth" by an airport, a pier on the Pyakupur River, a paved road to the city of Gubkinsky. The city has an air squadron of helicopter pilots engaged in the transportation of goods and passengers to hard-to-reach places in Yamal. In summer, Tarko-Sale is connected by water to many settlements in the Purovsky district and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; in winter, such communication is carried out along the winter road. In the Nenets dialect, the name Tarko-Sale means "cape at the fork." Once upon a time, a shaman came to the place where the city stands and opened a camp at the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves.

What's new?

Yamal periodically presents to the scientific world sensations . May 25, 2007 on the Yuribey River was found mammoth perfect preservation. The body of the fifty-kilogram "baby" was delivered to the Yamalo-Nenets District museum and exhibition complex. I. S. Shemanovsky from the village of Novy Port, where it was stored for some time in an underground freezer. The baby mammoth was found by a reindeer breeder who reported the find. Specialists organized an expedition to survey the place of discovery and transport the baby mammoth from the river bank. According to scientists, this “foundling” is absolutely unique and the most complete find in the whole world. In terms of its safety, it is much better than its predecessors: the baby mammoth has a well-preserved trunk, eyes, and the remains of wool on the neck. So far, only two such finds have been known in the world. No less famous is the mammoth cub, found in 1998, 25 kilometers from the mouth of the Yuribetyakha River, again on the Yamal Peninsula. According to the testimony of the reindeer breeder, who discovered the last find, upstream, three hundred meters from the found mammoth, he discovered a large tusk sticking out of the ground. So new sensational finds are quite likely.

The rich nature of the unique North has always attracted the attention of romantics. Untouched purity, a variety of colors, unpredictability enchants admiring glances. The indescribable silence in the winter expanses and the warm hearts of the northerners beckon again and again.

Salekhard, the capital of Yamal, was the final destination of the trip. Our ship arrived here at 12, the plane to Moscow - at five and a half. A total of three-and-a-half hours for a sightseeing tour of the city. The taxi driver was a little surprised at the request for an excursion - tourists are generally rare here, but in the end it turned out interesting. The city is small and there was enough time for an overview of it.

Salekhard was founded in 1595 by the Cossacks under the name of the Obdorsk fortress or prison. Obdorsk - translated from the dialects of the northern peoples means "Ob coast". The city is located exactly on the Arctic Circle and at that time was the northernmost fort in Russia. By the beginning of the 19th century, the fortress lost its defensive significance, and the fortifications were dismantled - Obdorsk became a small provincial village in the Berezovsky district. Both in tsarist and Soviet times, Obdorsk was a popular place of exile. In 1923, Obdorsk became the regional center of the new Ural region, and in 1930 the Yamalo-Nenets National Okrug was formed, and Obdorsk became its capital. In 1933, the village was transformed into the regional settlement of Salekhard (translated from the Nenets - "Settlement on the Cape"), which in 1938 was given the status of a city. Thanks to the colossal oil and gas fields, today YaNAO is one of the most economically prosperous regions of our country. In addition to the oil and gas industry, reindeer breeding, traditional for the northern peoples, is developed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - today's number of deer in the district reaches 700 thousand, and there are a lot of nomadic reindeer breeding farms.

It is interesting that, like Khanty-Mansiysk in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Salekhard is the capital, but not the largest and most industrialized city in the region. Salekhard, with a population of 50,000, occupies only the third place in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in terms of population, far behind the "oil and gas" Novy Urengoy and Noyabrsk (both there and there - more than 100 thousand people). A satellite of Salekhard is the village of Labytnangi, located on the opposite bank of the Ob. Labytnangi is the terminus of the Northern Railway line and a major transshipment port on the Ob. There is a ferry service between Salekhard and Labytnangi.

1. In the place on the cape where the first Russian settlement was founded 420 years ago, today the model of the Obdorsky prison has been recreated - as it was in those distant years.

6. Peter and Paul Cathedral - the first stone temple of Salekhard. It was built in 1894 and has survived to this day almost in its original form.

7. Modern Salekhard is about the same as most of the economically secure northern "oil and gas" cities. For the most part, new buildings, modern architecture, many cultural, sports and leisure facilities, and old houses have been renovated and given a general architectural look.

13. There is a mosque in Salekhard, one of the northernmost in Russia. Behind the mosque are the buildings of the Yamal multidisciplinary college.

14. National Library of YaNAO.

15. Modern urban development.

16. One of the unusual architectural objects of the city is the Fakel cable-stayed single-pylon bridge across the Shaitanka River, opened in 2004. There is a two-story restaurant on the pylon of the bridge.

17. "In the tales of ancient Yamal, in the songs of new generations - everywhere people honor deer with a word of gratitude!"

18. Not far from the cable-stayed bridge on the far bank of Shaitanka are the administrative buildings of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This "government quarter" was built quite recently - the YaNAO administration moved here in 2009.

20. In the neighborhood, the construction of a new Cathedral of the Transfiguration is underway.

21. Salekhard is located exactly on the Arctic Circle. In the place where the road to the airport crosses latitude 66 °33`44``, a memorial sign has been erected. I wrote and thought, how many times have I been to and beyond the Arctic Circle? Now I will count - in 6 trips in the North and 1 time in the South in Antarctica.

22. Not far from the Arctic Circle sign, a monument to the 501st construction site was erected, which was laid by the prisoners of the transpolar railway from Salekhard to Igarka. In the forests and tundra far from Salekhard, the remains of prisoners' barracks, railway embankments and even old steam locomotives are still preserved. These places can be seen as part of a separate three-day trip. In the future, if I return to Salekhard, I will try to go there...

Meanwhile, the Transpolar Railway project is actually alive - albeit not in the same format as it was during the Gulag. In essence, part of this road from Plague and Vorkuta to Labytnang is operational; on the opposite bank along the route of the former 501st construction site, the current railway from Urengoy to Nadym was built, they are about to begin active work on the Northern Latitudinal Railway, which will connect Nadym and Salekhard approximately along the route of the former 501st construction site. In recent years, the searchlights for the bridge over the Ob in Salekhard have again become more active. Bold projects are being voiced for the construction of a road to the east from Urengoy to the banks of the Yenisei in the Igarka region, and even more daring projects - to Dudinka and Norilsk, in order to connect the Norilsk industrial region with the "Great Earth" by land. Will it ever be built? I think they will build it - not soon, not tomorrow, not in the foreseeable future, but I think that someday they will build it - because the direction is strategically promising, modern building technologies have stepped far ahead compared to Stalin's times, and the presence in these deaf northern areas of many still undeveloped deposits is a very serious incentive for the development of transport infrastructure. Of course, this is not tomorrow and not in a year ... But maybe years later ...twenty, retired, happen to travel from Moscow to Norilsk by train? :)) It would be damn interesting! In the meantime, we peer into the distance to the broken rails and the lives of the 501st construction site ...

25. Then the road passes the airport and leads to the ferry crossings Salekhard - Labytnangi and Salekhard - Priobye. The first connects Salekhard with the opposite bank and the railway station, and the second - 630 kilometers along the Ob to the Ob, where the nearest main road, connected with the general road network of the country, goes to the river. On the high bank near the crossing, a huge mammoth was installed and a commemorative inscription was laid out in honor of the 420th anniversary of the city.

28. At the Salekhard - Labytnangi crossing it is very busy - ferries across the Ob go one after another.

Here the Ob, squeezed on both sides by mountains, narrows to two kilometers and turns to the east. For many years now, it has been planned to build a huge bridge in this alignment, which will connect Salekhard with the country's railway network and through which the latitudinal northern highway will pass. The issue of the Salekhard bridge has been hovering for many years, since the time of the 501st construction site, and with varying degrees of activity it pops up from time to time in various circles and instances. Recently, talks about the bridge have intensified again - in terms of some engineering solutions, for example, it is planned to use the experience of the Kerch bridge under construction now. But this is still a matter for the future.

33. And now on the banks of the Ob it is quiet and calm - in a wide stream the great Siberian river carries its waters to the Kara Sea among the harsh northern taiga and forest tundra. From here to the beginning of the river delta - a little more than a hundred kilometers, and to the mouth of the Ob in the area of ​​​​the Nadymsky bar - 280 kilometers. A year ago I had a chance to visit Altai, in the very upper reaches of the river, and now we are very close to its mouth...

The journey ends - after standing on the banks of the Ob at the crossing, we go to the airport, where the plane is already waiting for us to go home. It was great! Thanks Seryoga kitv for excellent company as always! And there are probably many other trips ahead, because there are so many interesting places in the world worth visiting! :))

There is a district in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. It is called YaNAO. It belongs to one of the regions of the Far North. It is currently located on the eastern slope of the Ural Range, beyond the Arctic Circle.

This subject of the Russian Federation is now located on the territory of the Tyumen region. The administrative, regional center of the district is Salekhard. The area of ​​the Autonomous Okrug is 800,000 kilometers. It is several times larger than the entire territory of Spain or France. The Yamal Peninsula is the most extreme continental point, its location is shown on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and towns.

The border is clearly marked on the map of the YNAO, it runs next to Yugra - Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea.

The climate is harsh continental. It is determined by the abundance of lakes, bays, rivers, the presence of permafrost and the proximity of the cold Kara Sea. Winter lasts quite a long time, more than six months. In summer, strong winds blow, sometimes snow falls.

The region occupies the leading place in Russia in terms of oil, hydrocarbon and natural gas reserves. On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, deposits located on the territory of Urengoy, the Nakhodka Peninsula and in the Arctic Circle are marked.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a national-state entity. The district was created on December 10, 1930. As an equal subject, the district is part of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the city of Salekhard.
The area of ​​the district is 750.3 thousand km2. Its territory could accommodate Spain, Portugal and Greece combined.
The total population of the district is more than 508 thousand people. The most densely populated strips are along railways and river transport arteries. The average population density of the district is less than 1 person per 1 km2. The industrial development of the district in recent decades has contributed to the rapid growth of the urban population (more than 85% of the total population of the district)
Now in the Yamalo-Nenets District there are 8 cities of district subordination - these are Salekhard, Labytnangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, 7 urban-type settlements: Korotchaevo, Limbayakha, Pangody, Stary Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy, Kharp and 103 small rural settlements. The number of rural residents is declining due to the transformation of rural settlements into urban areas and as a result of the outflow of the population from rural areas. Non-agricultural (rotational, oil and gas, transport), small national settlements (fishing, reindeer herding, hunting) predominate among rural Yamal settlements. The number of inhabitants in rural settlements is on average 910 people. The presence of mobile settlements of indigenous peoples (pastures, plagues, huts) is also characteristic.

SALEKHARD

Salekhard, the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is a city in Western Siberia, the center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The city is located 2436 kilometers northeast of Moscow and 1982 kilometers north of Tyumen.
The city of Salekhard is located on the Poluy Upland, on the right bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Poluy River, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. It is the only city in the world located on the Arctic Circle.
The climate here is sharply continental, severe. Average temperatures in January are from -22 to -26 degrees, in July - + 4 - +14 degrees. Precipitation falls 200 - 400 mm per year.
The nearest railway station is the city of Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; connected with Salekhard in summer by river tram, in winter - by bus.
The population of modern Salekhard is more than 35.5 thousand inhabitants (end of 2002). Of these, 5,600 foreigners and 4,450 temporary residents.

History reference. The city was founded by the Siberian Cossacks more than 400 years ago, more precisely in 1595 under the name Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob River and the word "dor", translated from the Komi language - "a place near", "near something"), however, the Nenets have long called the village of Sale-Kharn, that is, "a settlement on a cape."
In the middle of the 18th century, merchants came here for fairs, and at the end of the 18th century the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the 19th century, Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence.
In the XYII - early XX centuries, Obdorsk became part of the Belozersky district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897, in the settlement of Obdorsk there were 30 houses, 150 trading shops, there were 500 permanent residents, who were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and trade. At that time, the village was famous for its large fairs. Every year from December 15 to January 25, the Obdorskaya Fair was held here (the turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles). During this period of time, the population of the city exceeded several thousand people. Russian merchants, mainly from Tobolsk, brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving in return furs, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth ivory and walrus tusks. The fox skins and paws were mainly considered the monetary unit.
In 1897, a fishing school was formed in the city of Obdorsk.
In December 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed, the city of Obdorsk became its center, and since 1933 it became known as Salekhard. The village received city status in 1938. This is the first and only city on the Arctic Circle.
Modern Salekhard is a large cultural and industrially developed city.

city ​​industry. There is no serious manufacturing industry in the city and therefore the city is always supported by the district. The city's industry is represented by: factories - fish canning and dairy, house-building plant.
Salekhard is the center of exploration expeditions. This is a major transport hub. The Salekhard fish cannery is the largest in the Tyumen region and is one of the first-born industrial development of the north of Western Siberia.
The city of Salekhard is a major river port. 72 years ago (in 1933) the North Ural Trust of the Main Northern Sea Route was established in Salekhard. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur harvesting, fur slaughter, and timber export.
Since 1951, a mink fur farm has been operating in the city of Salekhard, where fur-bearing animals are bred - arctic foxes, nutrias and minks
There is also a modern airport, the grand opening of which took place on May 31, 2000. Iron Birds fly to many cities in Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest. It is also planned to fly to Cyprus and Turkey).
Air communication with the capital of the Tyumen region, the city of Tyumen, was opened back in 1935, in 1937 the first regular air line Salekhard - Novy Port began to operate.
A newly built highway connected the district capital with other cities and towns of Yamal.

cultural life of the city. There are five secondary specialized educational institutions in the district center: a pedagogical college, a veterinary technical school, a school of culture and art, a trade school, and the oldest medical school in the country. The medical school has a preparatory department for indigenous northerners.
In 1932, the oldest national pedagogical college in Yamal was opened, which over the years has trained many excellent teaching staff.
In Salekhard, there is a museum of local lore, which contains products of local art crafts - bone carving, beaded jewelry, embroidery and appliqué (a pattern made using scraps of various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.
In 1990, the city of Salekhard was included in the list of historical cities. A protected historical zone has been created in the city, because there are many buildings of historical and architectural value.

Sports life of the city. Salekhard is a sports city, where almost every resident goes in for sports. This is facilitated by a large number of cultural and sports institutions of the city. The Ice Palace, which has recently opened its doors to lovers of active recreation, is very popular. What kind of sections are not there, what kind of competitions were not held here!
On April 9, 2001, a polar chess school named after world chess champion Anatoly Karpov was opened in the city of Salekhard. Now chess competitions are held here every year. There is a tennis club in the city with the beautiful name "Polyarny" (this is a veteran club, more than 30 people are involved in it). Members of the club - Vladimir Medvedev, Viktor Chikhirev and others - took part in the personal championship of Russia and took 8 prizes. A children's and youth sports school operates here, in which many sports personnel have been trained.
For lovers of skiing, a ski base has been created in the city, where there is a beautiful illuminated ski track, equipped buildings for recreation.
Every year, the republican championships in national sports are held in the capital of the district; they have been held since 1974. This proves that Yamal pays great attention to national sports.

In recent years, the ancient city of Salekhard, which no one has been engaged in for more than 400 years, can be said to have been reborn. At present, it has become a major cultural and industrial center, with modern, well-appointed houses.
The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing, a lot of construction is being carried out there and colossal work is being done to improve the urban area. Today's inhabitant of the city amazes with its architectural thoughtfulness and originality. The city has great prospects and plans for the future; according to the leaders of the city and the district, this will be a city designed for 40,000 inhabitants.

Truly, the age for the Siberian cities is considerable. And our city is one of the oldest among them.
Yes, it is comparable in age with the Siberian cities. However, it is not comparable - not only with Siberian, but also with all other cities of the world - in terms of its geographical location. Salekhard (formerly Obdorsk) is the only city in the world located right on the Arctic Circle. The only one ... But mother Russia is not spoiled.
The city grew slowly, as if looking with distrust at the rapid development of the Siberian sister cities, older and younger, who survived in the whirlpool of history and disappeared in it. He did not want the latter, but in striving for the former, wishing to survive in life, he was modest and unfussy. He lived with dignity, maintaining a sense of proportion in everything: both in humility and in self-consciousness.
Obdorsk's date of birth is called differently in many sources: in some - 1592 or 1593, and in others - 1595. The difference, of course, in the scale of history is insignificant. Besides but each of the named dates certainly has the right to exist. It all depends on what is considered the foundation of Obdorsk: whether the arrival of the Cossacks in the lower reaches of the Poluy, whether the construction of a small winter hut near its confluence with the Ob, or the emergence here of an already solid - by the standards of that time - fortification.
Time was running its course...
And now Salekhard is rapidly gaining strength as the capital of a powerful gas and oil power. It is becoming a real Russian outpost, coordinating the flow of powerful hydrocarbon flows not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad. There is something to be proud of the people of Salekhard...

In recent years, our ancient city, one might say , was born again. Literally before our eyes, new five-story buildings are growing, modern highways are being laid, a modern airport has been built, and the entire infrastructure of the Yamal capital is rapidly developing. The second youth of Salekhard, which came to him as a result of intensive construction, strikes today's layman with its architectural thoughtfulness and originality. Keep it up Salekhard!

//Yamal meridian.-2000.-№9.-p.24-25

SALEKHARD, center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 2436 km to the north-east. from Moscow and 1982 km north of Tyumen. Located on the Polui Upland, on the right bank of the river. Ob, at the confluence of the river. Poluy, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. The climate is sharply continental, harsh. January average temperatures from -22 to -26°С, July 4-14°С. Precipitation is 200-400 mm per year. The nearest railway station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; connected with Salekhard in summer by river tram, in winter - by bus. River port. The airport. Population 30.6 thousand people (1992; 13 thousand in 1939; 17 thousand in 1959; 22 thousand in 1970; 25 thousand in 1979). Founded in 1595 as a Cossack fortress (at that time - the northernmost in Siberia) under the name. Obdorsk (from the name of the river Ob and the word "dor", translated from the Komi language - a place near, near something), but the Nenets have long called the village of Sale-Kharn, that is, a settlement on a cape. From the middle of the 18th century merchants came here for fairs; at the end of the 18th century the fortress was abolished. From the 20s. 19th century Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence. In the 18th - early 20th centuries. became part of the Berezovsky district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897, there were 30 houses, 150 trading shops in Obdorsk, there were 500 permanent residents who were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and trade; Every year from December 15 to January 25, the Obdorskaya Fair was held (the turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles); during this period, the population of Obdorsk increased to several thousand people. Russian merchants (mainly from Tobolsk) brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving in return furs, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth ivory and walrus tusks. In 1897 a fishing school was founded in Obdorsk. In 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National Okrug was formed, with Obdorsk as its center; since 1933 it has been called Salekhard. City - since 1938. In modern Salekhard: factories - fish canning, dairy; house building plant. Lumber base. Salekhard is the organizational center of exploration expeditions. Museum of Local Lore (in the exposition - art products of local craftsmen: bone carving, embroidery and appliqué on fur, leather and cloth - "maleva").
Near Salekhard - sites of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (2-1st millennium BC).

// Cities of Russia: encyclopedia. – M.:
Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - P.391.

Salekhard(Salyakhard), a city on the right bank of the Ob near the Arctic Circle and the mouth of the river. Poluy, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. At the end of the XVI century. in this place was the Obdorsky Nosovaya town, which belonged to the Khanty (Ostyaks). They, according to Miller G.F., called it Puling-avat-vash - “Poluysky Nose City”. or "City on the nose (cape)". The Komi-Zyryans of the land adjacent to the mouth of the Ob called obdor, i.e. "a place near the Ob" or "the mouth of the Ob" (dor - "a place near something", "the mouth "). Already in one of the letters of the beginning of the 16th century, Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich is called Prince Kondinsky and Obdorsky. Therefore, the Ostyak Nosovoy town was often called Obdorsky Nosovoy town. The Russians, mastering the lower reaches of the Ob, in 1595 built the Obdorsky prison on this strategically advantageous place , which they often called Nosovoy Gorodok as well.Therefore, a complex name was used - "from Obdora from Nosovoy Gorodok". In 1933, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard, from the Nenets sala - "cape", hard - "house", "settlement", i.e. "settlement on the cape". In 1938, Salekhard became a city.

//Atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - Omsk, 2004.- P.296

In 1953, near the mouth of the Northern Sosva, on the site of the Ostyak yurts of Sumgut-Vozh, the governor Nikifor Trakhaniotov founded the fortress-fortress Berezov. The Ostyaks and Voguls, who previously depended on Vymi, were assigned to the new town. In 1595, under the leadership of the same Berezovsky governor N. Trakhaniotov, Obdorsky prison. The northern Ostyaks and Samoyeds, lined with yasak, brought tribute to the Obdorsky town to the Cossacks sent from Berezov. In S. Remezov's "Drawing Book of Siberia" Obdorsky prison is depicted very schematically: four triangles - tent roofs of fortress towers and a church with a bell tower. At the mouth of the Poluy River, “yurts of Prince Taisha Gindin and his comrades” are indicated, and on the Kunovat River, the yurts of “Prince Danilko Gorin” are indicated. In the “Description of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty” it is said about Obdorsk: “Abdorsky prison 1, at the river Poluya on the right bank on the mountain, in it there is a church, a quadrangular fortress, fenced with a standing fence, two carriageways and two northern corners of the tower, surrounded by slingshots, in which there is for caution from ... wild peoples, two cannons, a few gunpowder and buckshot. And they are sent from Berezov to the annual guard with one foreman of the Cossacks, 12 people each, in which baptized and unbaptized Ostyaks and nomadic Samoyeds gather in Obdorsk volost in November and December to the position of yasak, and in January they migrate in the first days.

//Yamal: the verge of centuries and millennia. - Salekhard, 2000. - P.333.

OBDORSKAYA FORTRESS, fortification. Replaced the Obdorsky prison after the gene. reconstruction in 1731. Unlike the prison, the O. k. had powerful double walls with loopholes, decks, and a roof. In the center of the O. k. stood the voivodship house, the clerk's hut from the treasuries. premises, amanatskaya hut. A new church of St. Basil the Great with a chapel of St. Nicholas of Myra, a bell tower was erected. In O. k., there were streets along which “tenant houses” were erected; there were many barns, there were treasuries. bathhouse, bread hut, barracks, tea rooms. In O. to. there were yurts of Ostyats. and Samoyed, princes and princes. Huts and yurts were also installed from the outside. side O. to. The garrison was originally composed. 50 year-olds, in 1754 it was increased to 100 people. By the end of the XVIII century. O. to. began to decline. The number of households was reduced to 5. In 1799 they stopped sending yearlings; the guns were dismantled and taken to Tobolsk. In 1807, by order of the Tobolsk governor A. M. Kornilov, the dilapidated fortress. walls and towers were demolished. O. to. ceased to exist, and the remaining village. received a new status - with. Obdorskoye (Obdorsk).

in 3 volumes. T. 2. - Tyumen: Publishing house of the Tyumen State University, 2004. - P.221.

OBDORSKY FOREIGN ADMINISTRATION, organized in the 40s of the XIX century. In adm.-territ. respect corresponded to the Obdorsk foreign volost. At the head of the council were representatives of the princely Taishin dynasty - Matvey Yakovlevich and Ivan Matveevich. From the 50s of the XIX century. in the council there was "one of the foremen closest to Obdorsk at the choice of the prince." In 1858, the council of the Main Administration. Zap. Siberia recognized it necessary that the head-prince was elected "from the people." In 1865 O. and. y. divided into Obdorsk Ostyak and Obdorsk Samoyed councils. Both councils were located in Obdorsk, located in the same room. The office work of both councils was managed by a common clerk.

//Yamal: Encyclopedia of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
in 3 volumes. T. 2. -Tyumen: Tyumen State University Publishing House, 2004. - P.221.

GUBKINSKY

Gubkinsky- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The municipal formation is the city of district subordination. The city is located two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle, on the left bank of the Pyaku-Pur River, 16 km from the Purpe station on the Tyumen - Surgut - Novy Urengoy railway. It is connected with the mainland by a motorway, the nearest airport is located 250 km away in the city of Noyabrsk.

History reference. The city of Gubkinsky arose as a base center in connection with the industrial development of a group of the northernmost oil and gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which are promising in terms of reserves and are distinguished by unique properties. At the beginning of 1986, troops landed almost out of nowhere to build the Gubkinsky gas processing plant and the city, which had no exact name.
The history of the city of Gubkinsky begins on April 22, 1986, on the birthday of V.I. Lenin, when specialists, workers and builders gathered for a rally on the occasion of the laying of a new city called Purpe (a memorial stone dedicated to this event was installed on the central square of the city), but the city later became known as Gubkinsky.
The name of the city was not easy. At first they wanted to give it the name Tarasovsky - after the name of the first field being developed, but this hasty (in a good sense) initial version could not stand the competition with two other names - Purpe and Gubkinsky, and the main struggle unfolded between them.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated April 18, 1988, the village on the territory of the Purpeysky village council of the Purovsky district was named after Gubkinsky (currently the city has seceded from the Purovsky district).
The status of the city of the settlement of oil and gas workers Gubkinsky received on December 2, 1996.
Geographically, Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian Lowland in the forest-tundra zone, which is represented here by larch and coniferous woodlands (birch, willow, pine, cedar, larch), peat bogs, and swamps with moss-lichen cover. There is an abundance of berries in the forest and swamps: cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, there is a princess, as well as many white and other mushrooms. The animal world is very diverse and interesting. The local forests are inhabited by: flying squirrel, white hare, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, marten, sable, lynx, Siberian weasel, ermine, badger, otter, muskrat... Wild deer enter the taiga from the north. Bird families are widely represented: capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, stone pine, many waterfowl. All animals are of hunting and commercial importance. The abundance of food and spawning grounds favors the reproduction of fish - the rivers and surrounding lakes are rich in valuable species.
According to the schematic map of climatic zoning, the territory of the city of Gubkinsky belongs to the first uncomfortable climatic zone, which is characterized by severe long winters and short summers: the absolute minimum is minus 61°C, the absolute maximum is plus 34°C.
The total area of ​​the city is 7220 hectares. Of these, 45% are forests; 36.4% - water bodies (rivers, lakes, swamps); the remaining 18.4% are under residential, industrial, communal, warehouse development and household plots, including 1.7% are occupied by transport communications.
The most important development potential of the city is its multinational population - people of 37 nationalities live in the city of Gubkinsky.
Over the past ten years, the population of the municipality has grown rapidly, largely due to migration, and by now it has reached the optimal value for the city of 21.1 thousand people. The average age of Gubkin residents is 29 years, and the birth rate exceeds the death rate by 2.8 times. In general, the demographic structure of the city is conducive to economic recovery. On the territory of the city of Gubkinsky, 776 enterprises are registered, representing almost all sectors of the economy (industry, culture, art, agriculture, communications, finance, credit, trade, etc.)

city ​​industry. A feature of the city's economy is the clear majority of oil and gas industry enterprises, which together produce up to 97% of industrial output. The oil and gas industry is represented by Rosneft-Purneftegaz, an open joint-stock company of the vertically integrated company Rosneft, which is the main city-forming enterprise of the city and produces about 65% of the company's total production.
The processing of associated gas is carried out by Gubkinsky Gas Processing Complex OJSC, where the associated gas resources of the Tarasovsky and Barsukovsky fields of Rosneft-Purneftegaz OJSC are used as raw materials. The enterprise produces dry gas, stable gasoline, oxygen, antifreeze, propane.
The commissioning of the Gubkinskoye gas field in 1999 marked the beginning of the development of the gas production industry, which is represented by ZAO Purgaz.
In addition, a branch of OOO "Noyabrskgazdobycha" of OJSC "Gazprom" - the Komsomolsk gas field, which produces 29 billion m3 of natural gas per year, which is 61% of the total gas production of Noyabrskgazdobycha, has been deployed in the city.
Mineral exploration, field geophysical surveys and perforating and blasting in wells of oil and gas fields are carried out by MUE "Purneftegeofizika".
The city's economy employs 24.8 thousand people, including 14.2 thousand permanent residents; the rest work on a rotational basis.
The city is getting better and better every year. The work is carried out in accordance with the adopted "Comprehensive program for the improvement of the city."

Education. Taking into account the fact that the average age of the population is less than 30 years, local governments pay special attention to the system of education and culture
The city has 6 pre-school educational institutions for 1125 places, 8 general education schools, the Northern Lights folk dance school, the Olimp sports school for children and youth, a vocational school, including an interschool educational complex. A branch of the Udmurt State University with different levels of education has been opened in the city: secondary specialized and higher education; forms of education - full-time and part-time. Thus, a system of continuous education has developed in the city: kindergarten - school - college - college - university.
Informatization of education has made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level of management of the educational process, to effectively use new pedagogical technologies.

Issues of health protection and restoration growing Gubkintsy are a priority. Sanatorium groups for TB-infected children were opened in the Kindergarten Educational Institution "Skazka" and a special general education correctional school for children with developmental disabilities (120 students); groups of physiotherapy exercises have been created at the Youth Sports School.
General medical assistance to the population of the city is provided by the municipal healthcare institution "City Hospital" with a hospital complex for 283 beds and all specialized departments. The city employs 87 doctors of all specialties and 297 paramedical personnel, more than 70% of whom have qualification categories. Over the past years, the Gubkinskaya hospital, which recently celebrated its 15th anniversary, has been known for one of the best medical indicators in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

cultural life of the city. The city authorities pay great attention to the support of cultural and national traditions. The network of cultural institutions is widely developed: three cultural and sports complexes: Neftyanik, Fakel and Olimp, a recording studio, a centralized library system that includes three libraries (including a computer one), and a municipal art workshop. The city has the only Museum of the Development of the North in the region, two children's art schools, and a youth center. Two years ago, a public organization of Gubkinsky writers and poets "Gubkinsky spring" was born in the city. The city has 62 writers and poets, the youngest of whom is 9 years old, the most mature - 72 years old. The library publishes the city literary almanac "Taste of the Yamal berry". The city is famous for folk groups: "Pearl of Yamal", a choir of teachers of the art school, a song and dance ensemble, an ensemble "Northern Lights", a Tatar-Bashkir group; pop groups: RecSaund and Image.

The TV and radio company "Vector" operates in the city, which includes television, radio "Vector Plus" and the newspaper "Vector Inform";

Sports life of the city. Considering the extreme living conditions in the Far North and realizing that diseases are easier to prevent than to treat, the municipality is constantly working to promote a healthy lifestyle among the population, which is facilitated by a network of physical education and sports institutions. For residents of Gubkinsky there are: Youth Sports School (Children's and Youth Sports School "Olimp"), sports club "Vityaz", ski base "Snezhinka" with artificial lighting shooting range "Fortune". Gubkinsky resident Nikolai Chipsanov in 2003 became the first Russian world champion in karate.

The city of Gubkinsky is a well-maintained and beautiful northern city where oil and gas workers live and work. The city looks to the future with confidence.

The city of Gubkinsky is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

LABYTNANGI

- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. It is located 20 km from the capital of the district, the city of Salekhard. The city is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, beyond the Arctic Circle. This is a city-pier on the left bank of the Ob River. The population of the city with the settlements of Kharp and Polyarny is more than 40 thousand people. Kharp and Polyarny are satellite villages of Labytnangi, the base of the construction industry of the entire district.

History reference. Labytnangi is a Khanty phrase. It means "seven larches". It is known from Khanty folklore that the number "seven" has magical powers. Larch is a sacred tree for the indigenous population, so seven larches are a doubly sacred concept. Previously, it was a settlement of Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary dwellings - tents. The settlement received the status of a city on August 5, 1975 (this is the first working settlement in Yamal to receive the status of a city).
In 1975, it was a small village with 11,000 inhabitants. There were two industrial enterprises here: a timber depot, which employed about two thousand people, and a basic refrigerator for the fishing industry - there were 150 jobs. The city had one school, a small hospital.
A new life was given to the settlement by the railway that came here - the brainchild of the Stalinist Gulag. Thanks to this road, the city has become a springboard for the development of Urengoy, Yamburg and other major gas fields. In 1986, the construction of a new railway Labytnangi - Bovanenkovo ​​was started and is now almost completed. It is the northernmost railway in the world. Built for the development of the Bovanenkovo ​​gas field. A comfortable building of the railway station was also built.

city ​​industry. Modern Labytnangi is a timber transshipment base, a laboratory of the Institute of Animal and Plant Ecology of the Ural Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Wood from here is sent to the mines of Vorkuta and Donbass, to Moldova, Krasnodar, the Moscow region, the Baltic States, Belarus and even abroad - to England, Finland, Hungary.
The industry of the city is represented by such large enterprises as JSC "Yamalneftegazzhelezobeton". It is a city-forming enterprise. The following enterprises operate in the city of Labytnangi: Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Labytnangi Dairy Plant" (June 1988), a bakery (October 1993)

cultural life of the city. The cultural space of the city is very large. This is evidenced by the fact that more than 250 holidays are held in the city. There are 15 cultural institutions here.
Of the cultural and educational institutions in the city, there are: the city library (opened in 1998), the children's art school (opened in 1998), the House of Culture "30 Years of Victory" (opened in 1975), which includes the Center for National Cultures, 11 pre-school educational institutions (they are attended by more than 1.5 thousand children), 10 general education schools, the Center for Children's Creativity, the only press club for teenagers in Yamal, an orphanage (it was given the status of the "City Experimental Site"), the city museum. The funds of the city museum contain unique exhibits about the history of the North, about the development of those places where the city of Labytnangi is located.
There are several higher educational institutions in the city: the station of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (established in 1953 on the initiative of academician S.S. Schwartz), which laid the foundation for a systematic study of the nature of Yamal. In Labytnangi, the local newspaper “Vestnik Zapolyarye” is published (the first issue of the newspaper was published on April 13, 1989). Since April 1991 it has its own television studio.

Sports life of the city. Labytnangi is one of the most sporting cities in the region. Sports are of great importance in the city.
The municipality has 2 shooting ranges, one hockey court, one swimming pool, 16 sports clubs, 20 sports halls and facilities, a modern ski base, a ski slope is being built in Kharp. More than 2,000 people are involved in the sports arenas of the city.
A whole galaxy of famous athletes grew up here. For example, Luiza Noskova (Cherepanova), who was the first of the Yamal athletes to become an Olympic champion in Lillehammer, as well as the famous biathlete Albina Akhatova, who became the silver medalist of the Olympic Games in the city of Nagano.
Since 1999, the city has hosted the Khanty national holidays "Raven's Day", which symbolize the arrival of spring, the awakening of nature and the revival of the traditions and customs of the indigenous peoples of the North.

The city of Labytnangi is not just a base city, but a supporting city of the polar oil and gas complex. This is the base of geologists, seismic explorers, a major center of the construction industry. Without him, there would be no Urengoy, no Medvezhy, no Yamburg, no other famous giants. This is a profitable transport hub, which in the future will be an outpost for the development of the Polar Urals. And the city connects all its prospects with the further development of this complex.

Muravlenko

Muravlenko- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The birth of the city is directly related to another Yamal city - Noyabrsk, from which it is located 95 km.

History reference. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 6, 1990, the village of Muravlenkovsky (that's what it was called before) was given the status of a city of district subordination and the name Muravlenko. Thus, the name of one of the discoverers of large Siberian oil and gas, the head of Glavtyumenneftegaz, Hero of Socialist Labor Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko, was immortalized. The date of the beginning of the city (then still a small village Muravlenkovsky) is November 5, 1984, when the Muravlenkovsky village council was formed. Today the population of the city is more than 58 thousand people, who are representatives of more than 70 nationalities.

city ​​industry Muravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. The main city-forming industrial enterprises are the Oil and Gas Production Department "Sutorminskneft", "Muravlenkovskneft", "Sugmutneft". They are engaged in the development of deposits. The largest of them is Muravlenkovskoye, opened in 1978.
There is also a gas processing plant (opened in 1987), which employs more than 400 people.

Cultural life of the city. Cultural organizations of the city are represented by: the recreation center "Ukraine" for 450 seats (opened in 1988), the city Leisure Center (there are 11 hobby groups), the Children's Art School (opened in 1993), the City Museum of Local Lore (opened in October 1997). ), the Children's Art School, the Children's Music School, the city library system (there are 5 libraries in the CLS structure), the Chance club (it trains young fashion models).
In addition, since 1996 the Park of Culture and Leisure has opened its doors to the citizens. The station of young technicians, opened in 1998 (hundreds of children study here in 10 circles), the Ant communication club, and the Fakel teenage club, are very popular among children.

Education. There are 21 educational institutions in the city with a total number of students of more than 11 thousand people. There is a Center for pre-university and university education, on the basis of which representative offices of the Tyumen Oil and Gas University have been created. Currently, the city has 5 secondary, 1 primary, 1 evening school, where more than 7 thousand people study, 11 preschool institutions (there are about 3,000 children), 2 institutions of additional education, and a training and production plant.
In 2000, a branch of the Noyabrsk Oil and Gas College was opened in the city. 467 people study in absentia. In addition, a department has been opened at the technical school, where students study accounting, economics and organization of production.
There is also a branch of the Tyumen Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Ishim Pedagogical Institute. The preparatory department of the St. Petersburg Institute of Communications prepares for admission to the university.

Muravlenka residents also have their own local newspaper, Our City, which covers all city news on its pages, as well as its own local television.
Muravlenko is a young city, so weddings are often celebrated here. This happens in the House of Love and Consent - this is how the registry office is called in the city, opened on April 10, 1997.
At the service of citizens is the City Hospital, which includes 3 polyclinics - for adults, children and dental. It consists of 30 divisions. 940 people work here.

Sports life of the city. Muravlenko is a sports city. Every year more than fifty competitions are held here, in which almost 4 thousand athletes take part.
Sports life is managed by the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, established in 1997. For outdoor enthusiasts, there are the Yamal SOK, the Neftyanik sports complex, the Sever and Kashtan gyms, a children's and youth sports school, a ski base, and an indoor hockey court. Six sports halls are located in secondary schools. Sports celebrities of the city - Rustam Tashtemirov, he is the winner of the Russian championship in boxing, Alexei Velizhanin was a member of the Russian ski team.
The city of Muravlenko is successfully growing and developing. Its appearance has been formed, which is in harmony with the environment, economic and social infrastructures, cultural environment have developed, external and internal relations have been established, an appropriate management mechanism has been created, and traditions have begun to take shape.

NADYM

Nadym- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. Nadym is the center of the Nadymsky district. The place where the city is located has long been known for rich moss pastures, where the Nenets grazed their deer. In total, 80 thousand people live in the region.
There are nine villages on the territory of the district, including three villages of indigenous people, where more than three thousand people live. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the district, thanks to the largest natural gas fields discovered in Yamal.
The city of Nadym is located 1225 kilometers from Tyumen and 563 kilometers southeast of Salekhard. It is located in the north of Western Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is located 583 km from Nadym.
The population of the city, together with the satellite of the city, the village of Pangody, is more than 60 thousand people (1999). The village of Pangody is located near Nadym. This is a small well-maintained village with many hundreds of inhabitants, most of whom are young people.

History reference. In the mid-60s, in order to accelerate the development of the Medvezhye deposit, it was decided to lay a foundation near the city. The development of the deposit and the construction of the city of Nadym were carried out at an unprecedented pace. Half a million square meters of housing were put into operation annually, thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines were laid. The status of a city was given to the small settlement of gas workers Nadym in 1972.

city ​​industry. The basis of the city's economy is the gas industry. The main enterprise is Nadymgazprom, which is engaged in the industrial development of the Medvezhye gas field and its satellite fields, Yubileynoye and Yamsoveisky. The city has a plant for large-panel housing construction.
A system of gas pipelines originates in Nadym, such as the North of the Tyumen region - the Urals - the Volga region - the Center, as well as the Medvezhye field - Nadym and Nadym - Punga.
A powerful compressor station has been built here. Since 1974, Nadymsky gas has been supplied to the capital of our Motherland, Moscow. The length of this gas pipeline is 3,000 kilometers (during the Soviet era, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 kilometers).
The industry of the city is represented by a bakery, a pig complex, a dairy plant and many others. There are more than 500 trade enterprises in the city
The city of Nadym is connected to the mainland by air, rail and road.
Nadymsky airport is one of the oldest airports in Russia. Its history begins back in 1969. Now it accepts all types of aircraft, including heavy airliners ("Tu-154")
The city of Nadym is often called the northern capital of gas workers, and this is quite true, because Nadym is a large modern city near the Arctic Circle, it is the pride of the entire Tyumen region.
The city has 7 well-maintained micro-districts with a total area of ​​over 200 thousand square kilometers.

cultural life of the city. Nadym is a fairly large cultural and leisure city.
At the service of citizens and guests of the city: 2 Houses of Culture, a widescreen cinema "Pobeda" (the first in the Tyumen region), a television center "Orbita", a House of Culture for 500 seats, a music school and an art school, a House of Nature, a Children's Art Center, where over 5 thousand people.
There are a large number of monuments and monuments in the city: a monument to the writer Nikolai Ostrovsky (opened on September 28, 1980), a monument to the pioneers was erected in the city center.
Educational institutions of the city are represented by: a technical school (provides vocational education for young people), five secondary schools, and a music school. There are 6 branches of regional universities and institutes of other cities of Russia, there is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences for the study of the problems of the North.
There are 8 wonderful nursery schools, 12 city libraries and much more for little Nadym residents.
Also, the city has its own television studio, 7 programs of terrestrial television and 27 - cable.
Nadym is a city that takes several hours to get from the capital on the fastest air liner, has a reliable telephone connection with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv, Minsk and many other cities in Russia and neighboring countries.
The city administration pays close attention to environmental issues in order to preserve the unique nature of the Subpolar region. Waste treatment facilities, waste storage sites, waste processing plants and much more are being built.
An example of a careful attitude to nature is a relic cedar grove in the city center, which is the pride of the townspeople (history shows that the cedar grove was left by the first builders as a monument of unique northern nature). In winter, the most popular illuminated ski run in the city is here, and in summer it is a place for walking.
The city newspaper "Worker Nadym" is the hallmark of the city. An interesting, always up-to-date publication brings readers on its pages the latest messages from industrial enterprises, construction sites, tells about the heroes of labor.

Sports life of the city. In a city where the average age of residents is 27 years old, the vast majority of residents are fond of sports. The construction of a swimming pool, a new stadium has begun, there are many outdoor hockey courts, and volleyball, basketball and tennis competitions are held in sports halls. There is a hockey club "Arktur", a weightlifting section has been created.
The city of Nadym is the base for holding a scientific and practical conference on the creation of a domestic airship and its use in the development of the North.
The city of Nadym is a small town in terms of population, but with a well-developed infrastructure. It has a bright future, which is associated with the further development and operation of gas and oil fields, for the development of which it was founded.
The city continues to build new residential buildings, social and cultural facilities, the construction of an Orthodox church is being completed.

In the year of its 30th anniversary, the city of Nadym became the winner in the competition for the title "The most comfortable city in Russia" among the cities of the 3rd category of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and took third place among the cities in the All-Russian competition in the same nomination.
The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fabulous city among the silent tundra and permafrost, lies in the fact that its birth, formation and thirty-year history created a special cohort of Nadym people, people who dedicated their lives to Nadym, devoted to him and proudly asserting: “We live in the most beautiful and best city. They were able to do a lot. And this means that Nadym has a future, and children born here will definitely draw their beloved and native city of Nadym on a sheet of paper with bright colors.

NEW URENGOY

New Urengoy- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The city is located 450 km east of the district capital Salekhard.
Novy Urengoy is the second largest city (after Noyabrsk) in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Together with the population of two villages Korotchaevo (7 thousand inhabitants) and Limbyakha (2.5 thousand inhabitants), 89.6 thousand inhabitants live here (2001).
It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yakha River (a tributary of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Arctic Circle.

History reference."Urengoy" is a Nenets word, it means "bald hill" or "hill on which larches grow" in translation.

The history of this northern city of oil and gas workers dates back to September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoy gas condensate field of the Urengoygazprom Production Association (extraction and processing of oil and gas) - the largest hydrocarbon raw material in the Far North in terms of volume. The uniqueness of the emergence of the city and the development of the field lies in the fact that the gas workers followed the prospectors of the bowels, that is, almost on virgin soil. Therefore, the country began to receive Urengoy gas already in April 1978 (the city had not yet crawled out of the rural “diapers”). An unusual feature of the development of the Urengoy gas fields is that all gas fields are fully automatic and practically without people. On August 18, 1975, Novy Urengoy received the status of a settlement, and on June 16, 1980, the status of a city. The population is constantly growing, because the standard of living of citizens is above the average for Russia, especially among workers in the gas industry.

Novy Urengoy is the largest transport hub of the YNAO with the railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with JSC "Sevtyumentransput", with the road to Tyumen, with the airport. The highway connects Novy Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg - a gas settlement on the Taz Peninsula, but from there the path is only to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Ten main pipelines originate from here, supplying natural gas to the national economy of the country, the export gas pipeline Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod to the countries of Western Europe.

city ​​industry There are more than 2,000 organizations in the city, including the largest gas producing enterprises in the country - Urengoygazprom LLC, Yamburggazdobycha LLC, Northgas CJSC, Promgaz LLC, Promgaz LLC, Production of Gas Condensate and Oil LLC, etc. , which account for 74% of the produced gas in Russia. There are an experimental plant for the production of building materials, a dairy and a wine and vodka factory, and a printing house. A gas chemical complex is being built near the city. There are agricultural cooperatives "Agrarnik" and "Champignon", a city station for the fight against animal diseases. About 600 construction enterprises and organizations are based in the city, incl. OJSC "Urengoygazpromstroy", OJSC "Severstroy", CJSC "Novourengoyneftegazhimstroy", LLC "Yamalpromzhilstroy", etc. Branches of Zapsibkombank, Gazprombank, joint-stock Gloriabank, Sibneftebank, joint-stock commercial bank "Pripolyarny", joint-stock commercial resettlement bank "Compatriots" are registered in Novy Urengoy , insurance firms and branches of insurance companies.

healthcare represented by a multidisciplinary hospital, a neuropsychiatric dispensary, the West Siberian Regional Scientific and Practical Center for Human Health, a dental clinic, a aesthetic medicine center, an ambulance and emergency medical care station, and a sanitary and epidemiological supervision center. test

Cultural life of the city. There are many cultural and sports institutions in the city. The museum of fine arts, the Palace of Culture "October", which is a large information and methodological center, and the school museum of local lore, the exposition of which presents the entire history of the region, are open here. The Center of National Cultures unites clubs of German, Ukrainian, Mari, Nenets, Slavic and Tatar-Bashkir cultures, 2 cultural and sports complexes in the Limbyakha and Korotchaevo microdistricts, a production and art workshop arranges all creative events in the city, an audio studio; the centralized library system consists of 7 branches and 2 city central libraries; there are 3 children's art schools, 3 creative municipal groups: the children's exemplary song and dance ensemble "Siyaniye", an ensemble of folk instruments, and a city brass band.

The TV and radio company "Sigma", the regional TV and radio broadcasting company "Novy Urengoy", the TV and radio news agency "Novy Urengoy-Impulse", the TV company "Accent", the advertising agency "M, ART", the state news agency "Nordfact", the editorial office of the city newspaper "Pravda" North".

Education. In Novy Urengoy, there are 14 secondary schools, 3 primary schools, a general education and an Orthodox gymnasium, special. (correctional) school for children with developmental disabilities, pedagogical and vocational schools, gas industry technical school. The city has branches of Moscow universities - the state Open University and the non-state Open Social. University, Tyumen State University and Tyumen Oil and Gas University. The only school in the Tyumen North with an indoor winter garden was built here, the first kindergarten with a swimming pool was built.

Novy Urengoy became a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North, and on June 19, 1998, Novy Urengoy, as part of the ASDG, entered the Congress of Municipalities of the Russian Federation.

NOYABRSK

Noyabrsk- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. It is the southernmost city of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is located southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km northeast of the city of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Ridges, on the watershed of the Ob and Pur rivers, near Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai.
On April 28, 1982, the settlement of Noyabrsk received the status of a city. Then 30 thousand inhabitants lived in it, and at present - more than 108 thousand people of more than 100 nationalities. During the existence of the city, 28 thousand young Novembers were born here. Noyabrsk is the largest city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in terms of population.

History reference. The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975, when the first helicopter assault force landed on the ice of the Ikhu-Yakha River, located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, to begin the development of the Kholmogorskoye field - the first step in the development of a new oil region - Noyabrsky. On May 20, 1978, Noyabrskaya station, the first Yamal station on the Surgut-Novy Urengoy railway, received a freight train. A year later, there were already about a hundred organizations and institutions in the village, with a variety of departments. The city of Noyabrsk initially had two variants of the name - Khanto (after the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and Noyabrsky. We decided: let it be Noyabrsky, since the first landing force landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city was chosen according to the weather, according to the calendar.
The city of Noyabrsk in its geographical position is the "southern gate" of the district. The Tyumen - Novy Urengoy railway and the highway connecting Noyabrsk with the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug and further with the "mainland" pass through Noyabrsk.
The city has excellent air links, there is a modern airport capable of receiving heavy aircraft. The airport opened on July 1, 1987. It is called the gate to the Far North. It is the November branch of the airline "Tyumenaviatrans". The airport serves oil workers, geologists, power engineers, builders, gas workers, it is constantly at the epicenter of events, life and activity of the city.
The developed transport system of the city (there are more than 35 thousand cars in the city) makes it possible to provide the south of the region with material resources necessary for the life support of cities and towns of the Purovsky district of the YaNAO, where more than 90% of the volume of oil produced in the whole district is extracted.

city ​​industry. There are over 1,000 enterprises of various profiles in Noyabrsk, a significant part of which are entrepreneurial structures.
The largest enterprises of the city are: JSC "Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz" with an annual volume of oil of 20 million tons (this is the leading enterprise) - a subsidiary of OJSC "Siberian Oil Company", and the Noyabrsk Department for Production and Transportation of Gas - a subsidiary of "Surgutgazprom". The leading city-forming enterprise, which has been counting its activity since May 31, 1977, employs 18 thousand people, 24 fields, over 13 thousand wells.
In addition, the city has a shoe factory, a sewing enterprise, a dairy plant, a bakery, a brewery, a brick factory and other enterprises. There are 8 bus routes in the city, in addition, there are 20 thousand units of personal transport.
Noyabrsk has a fairly wide and extensive network of commercial and industrial enterprises - more than 300. Among them are the largest trading companies that offer customers high-quality goods of domestic and foreign companies: Absolut Trading Company, Noyabrskneft LLC, Ekran LLC, etc. d.
Noyabrsk has a developed system of humanitarian and technical education, which is represented by 95 educational institutions. Among them are 15 general education schools, 12 branches of universities, an Orthodox gymnasium, a Sunday school, a pedagogical college, an oil technical school, a business school, a branch of the Ural Law Academy, and a branch of the Salekhard Medical College. There are also 34 preschool institutions attended by over 5,800 children.

cultural life of the city. The city of Noyabrsk is the center of cultural life. Today, the city of Noyabrsk has more than 20 cultural institutions offering a wide range of leisure activities to residents and guests of the city.
In Noyabrsk there are 6 houses of culture - centers of communication and spiritual development of citizens, KSK "Yamal" (where there is a concert hall, a swimming pool, a sports hall).
Much attention is paid to small Novembers. For young citizens, there is a Children's Amusement Park, a Children's World store, and on November 5, 1993, the only Children's Museum in Russia was opened (information about the museum is included in the Directory of European Museums).
The district museum of local lore and the district museum of fine arts work (the museum funds contain about ten thousand items of storage). More than 1,300 children study in three music schools, one of which is the best in Russia.
There are two research institutes in the city dealing with the problems of oil production and the ecology of the Far North.
Noyabrsk is a city of youth, so such an institution as a registry office is also important. It opened in the city in January 1978. This is the only separate registry office building in Yamal with an area of ​​almost 500,000 square meters. During this time, almost 18 thousand families have been created in the city and more than 25 thousand newborns have been registered.

Sport life. Noyabrsk is one of the most sporting cities in Yamal. There are 64 sports clubs here, which are attended by over 10 thousand residents of the city. There are 101 masters of sports in the city, from the bottom 8 - international class.
Noyabrsk has its own radio broadcasting - the children's and youth news agency "Krugozor" and "Radio Noyabrsk". A few months after Noyabrsk was granted the status of a city, the first city newspaper, Severnaya Vakhta, was created.
The health care of Noyabrsk is represented by the following medical institutions - the Central City Hospital, the Ambulance Station, the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance, the Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Pharmacy” (consists of 8 pharmacies, 12 pharmacy points and the Optika store), a neuropsychiatric dispensary, a city dental polyclinic, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, sanatorium "Ozerny". More than 3 thousand qualified medical workers work here.

Noyabrsk is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

Today Noyabrsk is the largest oil metropolis in the YNAO, it is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the YNAO, which is home to a fifth of the population of the district and produces almost a quarter of industrial output. This is a beautiful, European-style modern city, which, undoubtedly, has become the cultural and spiritual center of the south of Yamal. Under these conditions, the city of Noyabrsk has a prospect for the next 25-30 years to become a base city for the development of subsoil reserves in the south of Yamal.

TARKO-SALE

Tarko-Sale- a city in the YaNAO, the center of the Purovsky district. The population is about 20 thousand inhabitants.
The city is located in the most beautiful places, at the confluence of the Ayvasedapur and Pyakupur rivers and the formation of the Pur river. The distance by air transport to Tyumen is 1117 km, to Salekhard - 550 km. The nearest railway station is Purovsk, located 11 km from Tarko-Sale. Population - about 20,000 people. The village of Kharampur (about 600 people) is under administrative control.

transport scheme. The city is connected with the "Great Land" by an airport, a pier on the Pyakupur River, and a paved road to the town of Gubkinsky. The city has an air squadron of helicopter pilots engaged in the transportation of goods and passengers to hard-to-reach places in Yamal, tracking fires with timely notification of the relevant services about their liquidation.
In summer, Tarko-Sale is connected by water to many settlements in the Purovsky district and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; in winter, such communication is carried out along the winter road.

History reference. Founded in 1932 as the administrative center of the newly created Purovsky District. In the Nenets dialect, the name Tarko-Sale means "cape at the fork." Once upon a time, a shaman came to the place where the city stands and opened a camp at the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves.
On March 23, 2004, the State Duma of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug decided to give the urban-type settlement of Tarko-Sale the status of a city. Now, every year on April 3, City Day will be celebrated. In honor of this event, a memorial sign was erected in the central part of the city.

city ​​industry. Represented by oil producing enterprises NGDU Purneft (OJSC Purneftegazgeologia), OJSC NK Tarkosaleneftegaz, CJSC Purovskaya Oil Company, CJSC Oil Company Yamal, CJSC Oil and Gas Company Nega, OJSC Khancheiskoe NGDU, OJSC "Yangpur", CJSC "Yamalnefteotdacha", OJSC "Sibur-Yamal" and others. Center for geological exploration: OJSC "Purneftegazgeologia", scientific and production enterprise "Purgeoservis", LLC "Geophysicist", OJSC "Purneftegazgeologiya", OJSC "Polyarnaya exploration company". On the territory of Tarko-Sale, there is an agricultural cooperative "Verkhne-Purovsky" (reindeer breeding, fur farming, fur trade), regional vet. Animal Disease Control Station. More than 20 construction enterprises and organizations, department of mechanized and rigging works, road maintenance construction association "Purdorspetsstroy", line management for the construction and operation of gas pipelines, OJSC "Purgeostroy", OJSC "Tarko-Saly Combine of Construction Industry", LLC "Purstroymaterialy", etc. .

cultural life of the city. There are three libraries, a regional museum of local lore, a Center for National Cultures, a House of Children's Creativity, a center for children's tourism and local history. The city has its own television and radio company "Luch" with a youth editorial office, radio, the newspaper "Northern Luch", and a printing house.

Education represented by four schools (two secondary, one primary, secondary sanatorium boarding school for children of the indigenous population engaged in traditional economic activities) and seven kindergartens,

Sports life of the city. The city is famous for sports records, here they go in for mini-football, table tennis, powerlifting, parachuting (there is a parachuting club "Paratrooper"), swimming, Greco-Roman wrestling. Olga Gemaletdinova - 2003 world champion in powerlifting).
It is gratifying to realize that at the beginning of the 21st century, new cities appear on the map of the Motherland. Tarko-Sale, thanks to the labor exploits of its inhabitants, not only became known in Russia, but also in other countries, as one of the base points for the development of the hydrocarbon resources of Siberia. But Tarko-Sale is famous not only for tons of oil and cubic meters of gas. The deserved status to a city was brought by people.