English nouns with the suffix y. Suffixes in English: ly ful er ment

In this article from the series "" we will consider 10 main adjective suffixes in English: -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -y, -ic, -ish, -able, -ive, -ent (10), and also devote considerable time to working out these suffixes. Word-building exercises will not only help you prepare for English exams in the form of the OGE and the Unified State Examination, but will expand your vocabulary and help develop your language guess.

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Derivation of adjectives

1. Suffixes of adjectives formed from nouns

noun + Ʌ = adj

-ful (expresses the presence of quality; beautiful, colorful)
-less (expresses lack of quality: colourless, useless)
-ous (words of French origin, analogue of ful: courageous, famous)
-al (central, formal)
-y (cloudy, dirty)
-ic (poetic, domestic)
-ish (expresses nationality: Scottish, English, as well as a weak degree of quality: brownish - brownish, reddish - reddish)

The exception is the suffix -ly, since this suffix serves to form adverbs. However, there are a number of adjectives and fairly common ones that are formed using this suffix, for example: friendly(friendly), lovely(charming), lively(active, active)

2. Suffixes of adjectives formed from verbs

verb + Ʌ = adj

-able / -ible (expresses the ability to undergo the action indicated by the verb: to change - changeable (change - changeable); to eat - eatable (eat - edible)
-ive (active, talkative)
-ent/-ant (different, important)

Note that the vowel in the adjective suffix is - e nt/- a nt is the same as in the noun suffix - e nce/- a nce and vice versa, that is:

differ ent- differ ence
import ant-import ance

Suffixes of adjectives in English. Exercises

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.

The suffix -ful means "be full of" e.g. beautiful means "be full of" beauty.

She was very grateful for our help.
She likes colorful clothes.
She is a very forgetful girl.
We are not sure that our team will win, but we are hopeful.
They lived a peaceful, happy life.
He was always as helpful as possible.

Exercise 2.1. Translate into Russian.

The suffix -less means "without" e.g. hopeless means "without" hope.

a moonless night, a cloudless sky, a noiseless machine, numberless heroes, a motherless girl, a heartless woman, a homeless cat, a leafless tree, a nameless author, a sunless room, a endless war, a lifeless body, a colorless liquid , a friendless child, a sleepless night, careless people, a doubtless victory

Exercise 2.2. Translate into English.

Cloudless sky, helpless child, silent car, countless heroes, lifeless body, carefree child, heartless woman, stray cat, tree without leaves, nameless author, room without sun, endless war, colorless liquid. It was a moonless night. He looked tired after a sleepless night.

Exercise 3

The suffix- ous means "ful of" which comes from French e.g. danger + ous = dangerous

BUT. Form adjectives from nouns and translate them.

SAMPLE nerve + ous = nervous (nerve - nervous)

fame - ..., humour - ..., courage - ..., glory (y->i) - ..., poison - ..., space (i) - ...

AT. Use the words in the sentences.

We don't know if these chemicals are ____________ to people.
She became ____________as a writer.
I like to read ___________stories.
There are a lot of _______ snakes in the jungle.
It was a _________victory.
He was a ____________soldier.
They liked the _______________rooms in their new house.

Exercise 4 -y.

A. Translate into English.

windy day, sunny weather, cloudy sky, sleepy child, dreamy girl, icy wind, healthy food

B. Form adjectives from the nouns and translate them.

SAMPLE swamp - swampy (swamp - swampy)

sand - ... , rock - ... , juice - ... , grass - ... , star(r) - ... , bone - ... , skin(n) - ..., water- ... , fog (g) - ..., swamp - ...

C. Put the adjectives from B into this sentences to make them complete.

This … land is very good for farming. Cows and sheep can feed here all the year round.
Peter, eat some more roast beef. You should eat more: you have grown so … (2 variants)!
On such … mornings it’s very difficult to drive, as you can’t see the road clearly.
These are … apples. I like them most of all.
My little brother never eats fish if it is ... .
Holidaymakers love the … beaches in the south of Australia.
Why does this coffee taste so…?
The picture shows the … mountains of Scotland.
The sky is unusually … tonight.
… places have a lot of water in all seasons.

Exercise 5 Translate into Russian the adjectives, ending with the suffix — ic.

gigantic hound, scientific expedition, domestic animal, academic year, Olympic games, thematic collection, basic knowledge

Exercise 6 Make up adjectives with the help of suffix -al and translate them.

SAMPLE music - musical (music - musical)

industry - ..., culture - ..., region - ..., tradition - ..., nature - ..., nation - ..., agriculture - ..., comic - ...

Exercise 7 Nationality suffixes

SAMPLE Britain-British

Scotland - ..., Spain - ..., Sweden - ..., Finland - ..., Denmark - ..., Poland - ..., Turkey - ...

SAMPLE

America - ..., Australia - .., Canada - ..., Hungary - ..., Belgium - ..., Egypt - ..., Italy - ..., Europe - ...

SAMPLE Japan–Japanese

China - ..., Portugal - ...

Mind: Germany-German, France-French, Holland-Dutch, Greece-Greek

Exercise 8 – able.

Suffix able has the value "can": movable means can move- can be moved (moveable)

A. Form the words with the suffix – able.

move - .., count - ..., eat - ..., drink - ..., comfort - ..., imagine - ... , break - ... , read - ... , respect - ...., forget - ..., believe - ...

B. Use the words in the sentences:

Though the cup is made of thin glass it is not ……….(break).
She thought of all names ………to guess the name of their new classmate. (imagined).
Everybody respects him. He is very…….. (respect).
I can't read the book. It is not……(read).
The nouns are divided into …………. and un…………… (count).

Exercise 9 Form the words with the suffix –ive.

create - ... , impress - ... , progress - ..., act - ... , mass - ... , impulse - ...

Exercise 10 Read the adjectives and spell the suffixes used in forming them.

SAMPLE changeable— The adjective changeabl e is formed with the help of the suffix -able.

successful, cloudless, collective, central, comic, satirical, dangerous, faultless, misty, courageous, aggressive, national, breakable

Exercise 11 Translate these combinations; say what words the adjectives are formed from.

a washable shirt, a skilful worker, democratic forces, the postal service, groundless suspicions, a humorous story, a gloomy scene, salty ham, professional interest, peaceful labor, a noiseless machine, a courageous soldier, a lucky ticket, a continental climate , a dusty road.

Exercise 12 Learn them by heart

B. Listen to the adjectives and translate them by ear.

Word formation in English (repetition)

Noun suffixes. Repetition

Exercise 13 Form nouns from these adjectives using the suffixes from the table.

able, near, distant, long, wide, strong, wise, kind, electric, short, white, probable, persistent (stubborn), dependent, insistent (persistent), indifferent (indifferent), unstable (unstable), patient, responsible, important, stupid, curious

That's all for now! I will be glad if my article is useful to you and you share the link on social networks!

Sources: exercises taken from various manuals, partially redone and modified. In particular, the textbooks "English language grades 5-11" were used, the authors Afanasyeva O.V., Mikheeva I.V.

In order to communicate easily and fluently in English, you need to have sufficient vocabulary, as well as be able to quickly select the necessary words. An easy way to increase your vocabulary is to learn English noun suffixes.

What is a suffix?

Before talking about noun suffixes, it is necessary to understand what a suffix is. This term refers to the significant part of the word that follows immediately after the root. In other words, a word is a constructor consisting of several elements that are firmly connected to each other and, if necessary, can be easily separated. The suffix is one of these elements. It can be attached or vice versa - detached from the word. At the same time, the “word” construction is not destroyed, only its form changes - sound, spelling and lexical meaning:

School - schoolboy - schoolgirl (suffixes -nickname-, -nitsa-);
Friend (friend) - friendship (friendship) - friendly (friendly) (suffix -ship, -ly).

The suffix has two functions. The first is formative, which is involved in the formation of new grammatical forms: clever (smart) - cleverest (smartest) (the suffix -est is involved in the formation of the superlative degree of the adjective). The second is word-forming, necessary for the formation of new single-root lexical units: to write - writer (write - writer).

Noun and its suffixes

The noun, as an independent part of speech, has its own suffixes. They contribute to the formation of new words. The table "Noun suffixes" in English presents the most productive and their general meaning:

*Suffix*	*Meaning*	*Examples*
East (-an, -ian, -ean)	Nationality, affiliation to a political party, movement)	Scientist (scientist), communist (communist), Russian (Russian), historian (historian)
Er (-or, -eer, -ee, -ant, -ier, -ar)	Profession, occupation, position	Writer (writer), speaker (speaker), inspector (inspector), dreamer (dreamer), employee (employee), engineer (engineer)
	Belonging to a particular doctrine or political party	Buddhism (Buddhism), fascism (fascism), nationalism (nationalism)
	The result of work, the result of work	development (development), punishment (punishment)
Hood (-ship, -cy)	Certain state, relationship level	Boyhood (boyhood), orphanhood (orphanhood), friendship (friendship), infancy (infancy)
Ness (-dom, -y, -ancy, -ency, -ity, -ty)	certain state or quality	Boredom (longing), Wisdom (wisdom), darkness (darkness), prettiness (attractiveness), clarity (clarity), gaiety (gaiety)
Al, -ation, -sion, -tion, -ition, Ance, -ence, -ing, -age	Obvious result, state, process	Regulation (regulation), attention (attention), barrage (obstruction), shortage (shortage)
	Science section	Mathematics (mathematics), physics (physics)
	Place of work, occupation or condition	Laboratory (laboratory), observatory (observatory)
	abstract concepts	Authority (power), equality (equality),
	Feminine

The English sentence is like an impenetrable forest, they turned the wrong way, and, lo and behold, they already got lost among unfamiliar words. How not to get into a mess and correctly determine what part of speech is in front of you? Suffixes Help! Especially for you, we have prepared useful material, thanks to which you will distinguish these mysterious parts of speech. Understanding the meanings of common affixes will help you understand the meanings of new words you come across. Let's go

So, by suffix we mean the letter or group of letters that is usually found at the end of a word in English. Thanks to this element, amazing metamorphoses occur, so a completely new word is formed from the original word, and sometimes a part of speech changes. Let's look at an example, the verb to create (create), by adding a suffix - or get the noun create or(creator). Let's build an adjective in a similar way, but this time we choose a suffix - ive: create ive(creative).

Since practicing and creating vocabulary is a useful thing, we suggest paying attention to three important features:

First, sometimes adding a suffix changes the spelling of the root or stem. The word ends in a vowel -y, preceded by a consonant, - y replace with - i. Here's an example:

verb to justify y(to justify) > adjective justif i able (justified);
adjective y(ugly) > noun ugl i ness (ugliness).

Also, if by the way with the dumb - e an affix is added at the end, then this vowel is simply falls out. For example:

verb to us e(use) > adjective usable(practical);
verb to adore e(to adore) > adjective adorable(charming).

NOTA BENE: As with all the rules of the English language, spelling, of course, has its exceptions. Therefore, if there are controversial questions, feel free to refer to the dictionary.

Secondly, not all suffixes can be added to all roots, such affixes are owners, and nothing can be done about it. For example:

beauty y(beauty) + - ful > beautiful(beautiful);
ugl y(ugly) + - ness > ugliness(ugliness).

But the words beauty or ugliful are not in the dictionary, since they do not exist at all in the language, period.

Third, some suffixes have more than one meaning. How greedy! All you know is the affix - er used comparatively: bright (bright) > bright er(brighter). However, the same suffix also means a person who lives in a particular place: London (London) > Londoner (resident of London).

Verb suffixes in English

An English verb, like any verb, means the state or action of an object or thing. The verb suffix is rather unpretentious and has the following meanings: occur, become, do or create.

NOTA BENE: Many verbs with the suffix - size, can also end with - ise. For example: real size& real ise(be aware) or patron size& patron ise(take care). Two variants take place, however, the verb suffix - ise use British. While - size use more Americans.

TABLE: SUFFIXES OF THE VERB

SUFFIX	MEANING	EXAMPLES
ate	become take place	regulate ["regjəleɪt] - regulate eradicate [ɪ"rædɪkeɪt] - exterminate enunciate [ɪ "nʌn (t) sɪeɪt] - expound repudiate - to reject evaporate [ɪ "væp (ə) reɪt] - evaporate
en	become take place	harden ["hɑ: d (ə) n] - harden soften ["sɔf (ə) n] - soften enlighten [ɪn "laɪt (ə) n] - enlighten strengthen ["streŋθ (ə) n] - strengthen loosen ["lu:s(ə)n] - weaken
size/ise	become take place	civilise ["sɪv (ə) laɪz] - to civilize humanize ["hju: mənaɪz] - soften economise [ɪ "kɔnəmaɪz] - save utilize ["ju: tɪlaɪz] - spend valorize ["væl(ə)raɪz] - raise prices
ify/fy	make create become	satisfy ["sætɪsfaɪ] - satisfy rectify ["rektɪfaɪ] - fix terrify ["terɪfaɪ] - to terrify exemplify [ɪk "semplɪfaɪ] - illustrate clarify ["klærɪfaɪ] - clarify

Noun suffixes in English

A noun refers to an object or thing. The English noun suffix is distinguished by its diversity and includes the following elements: an actor, a quality or state, a process or activity, etc.

NOTA BENE: If the verb ends in - ere, but the noun will have the suffix - ence: to interfere > interfer ence(interference). If on - ate, -y, -ure / -ear, then the affix - ance: to devi ate(to deviate) > devi ance(deviation); to apple y(apply) > apply ance(device); to cl ear(clear) > clear ance(cleaning).

TABLE: NOUN SUFFIXES

SUFFIX	MEANING	EXAMPLES
ance / ence	condition quality action	extravagance [ɪk "strævəgən (t) s] - whim preference ["pref (ə) r (ə) n (t) s] - preference utterance ["ʌt (ə) r (ə) n (t) s] - pronunciation
acy	condition quality	fallacy ["fæləsɪ] - cunning celibacy ["seləbəsɪ] - celibacy
ity / ty	quality characteristic	probity ["prəubətɪ] - honesty royalty ["rɔɪəltɪ] - greatness
ment	condition means result	endorsement [ɪn "dɔ: smənt] - approval fragment ["frægmənt] - fragment excitement [ɪk "saɪtmənt] - excitement
al	action process	recital - transfer denial - refusal
dom	condition status	boredom ["bɔ: dəm] - longing earldom ["ɜ:ldəm] - earl title
ness	condition	preparedness - readiness wilderness ["wɪldənəs] - desert
xion/sion/tion	condition action	fluxion ["flʌkʃ (ə) n] - change concession - recognition relation - relation
hood	characteristic interest group Current state	womanhood ["wumənhud] - femininity brotherhood ["brʌðəhud] - brotherhood childhood ["tʃaɪldhud] - brotherhood
ship	Current state interest group
ship	Current state interest group	membership ["membəʃɪp] - membership friendship ["friendʃɪp] - friendship
ist	actor	narcissist ["nɑ: sɪsɪst] - "narcissus" novelist ["nɔv (ə) lɪst] - novelist
ee	actor	addressee [ædre "si:] - recipient employee [ɪmplɔɪ "i:] - employee
ess	female character	goddess ["gɔdes] - goddess waitress ["weɪtrəs] - waitress
ism	ideology action and result language features	hedonism ["hi: d (ə) nɪz (ə) m] - hedonism exorcism ["skeptɪsɪz (ə) m] - skepticism Americanism [ə "merɪkənɪz (ə) m] - Americanism

Suffixes of adjectives in English

An adjective is a part of speech that defines a noun. The main meanings of the suffix include the following: the absence or presence of quality, characteristic, ability, opportunity, etc.

TABLE: ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

SUFFIX	MEANING	EXAMPLES
able / able	able possible important	payable ["peɪəbl] - payable edible ["edɪbl] - edible fashionable ["fæʃ (ə) nəbl] - secular
al	related to	autumnal [ɔ: "tʌmn (ə) l] - autumn accidental [æksɪ "dent (ə) l] - random
ic / ical	related to	metallic - metallic Finnic ["fɪnɪk] - Finnish
esque	pertaining to style manner or manner	arabesque [ærə "besk] - decorated picturesque - picturesque
ful	quality characterizing	masterful ["mɑ: stəf (ə) l] - masterful woeful ["wəuf(ə)l] - woeful
ious / ous	quality characterizing	careful ["kɔ:ʃəs] - careful nervous ["nɜ: vəs] - nervous
y	quality characterizing	sticky ["stɪkɪ] - sticky nerdy ["nɜ: dɪ] - boring
ive	quality characterizing	palliative ["pælɪətɪv] - softening corrective - corrective
ish	quality characterizing to an extent	girlish ["gɜ: lɪʃ] - girlish snobbish ["snɔbɪʃ] - snobbish pinkish ["pɪŋkɪʃ] - pinkish
less	lack of quality without anything	skinless ["skɪnləs] - without skin childless ["tʃaɪldləs] - childless

Suffixes of adverbs in English

An adverb is an indispensable part of speech that conveys a sign of the state or action of a predominantly verb. The suffix of adverbs is modest and has only three meanings: orientation or direction, characteristic or sign, relation of one to another.

Conclusion

So, we have analyzed the most common suffixes of different parts of speech in the English language. Think of the affix as a clue to the meaning of words. As with any detective story, sometimes the clues are visible to the naked eye and are pretty obvious. In other cases, they can be confusing or misleading.

In any case, keep in mind that the meanings of words are best determined by examining the context in which they are used. We hope that this article was useful and informative for you.

We wish you success and development in English!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

Any language, including English, is never “pure”, that is, consisting only of English words. In English, as in any other language, there are many borrowed words, suffixes and prefixes from other languages. Perhaps the most common languages, the words of which are in almost all languages, are Greek and Latin. Everyone knows that the foundations of many sciences were laid by the ancient Greeks, including the foundations of grammar. They say that the Greeks gave the world a lot. Words with the endings "IST" and "IZM" entered the Russian language.

For example: ECONOMY IST, SPECIAL IST, OPTIM IST, PIAN IST, PAROD IST or PATRIOT ISM, MODERN ISM, REAL ISM, TOUR ISM, EGO ISM, DRAMAT ISM. The meanings of these words are clear to everyone, and in English they will sound about the same and have the same meanings. All these words are international.

The suffixes “IST” and “ISM” should be considered together, since they have the same semantic basis, but form nouns belonging to different groups.

The suffixes "-ISM" and "-IST" reflect the areas of human activity that can be classified as "thinking" and "creative", that is, we are talking about science and art. Physical activity can be thought of as exercise.

The suffix "ISM" forms nouns that indicate the names of various theories and teachings and are abstract.

The suffix "IST" forms nouns that indicate a person who is engaged in these areas of activity and is specific.

It is possible to conditionally divide the spheres of human activity, which are defined by "Greek" suffixes, into two groups.

1. Theories, dogmas, teachings relating to all sciences, starting with philosophy and ending with social concepts, political currents and human behavior.

2. Literature and art.

Let's take a closer look at several groups of nouns with the suffixes "-ISM" and "-IST".

There are pairs of words with suffixes - "ISM" and "IST", which are almost inseparable. The suffix "-ISM" indicates the field of activity, and the suffix "-IST" indicates a person who is a follower of any teaching of theories or dogmas, is engaged in art or literature of a certain direction, or is engaged in certain types of physical exercises. But in these nouns there is a "source", that is, a root word that has the same meaning. Sometimes the basis (root) is an independent word, and sometimes it loses its independent meaning. Such nouns coincide in sound with similar Russian translations.

I will write pairs of nouns known to many with the suffixes "-ISM" and "-IST".

SOCIAL ISM—> SOCIAL IST= socialism -> socialist;

CAPITAL ISM—> CAPITAL IST= capitalism -> capitalist;

COMMUN ISM—> COMMUN IST= communism -> communist;

IMPERIAL ISM—> IMPERIAL IST= imperialism —> imperialist

FASC ISM—> FASC IST= fascism -> fascist;

DARVIN ISM—> DARVI NIST= Darwinism —> Darwinist;

MARX ISM—> MARX IST= Marxism -> Marxist;

NATIONAL ISM—> NATIONAL IST= nationalism -> nationalist;

OPPORTUN ISM—> OPPORTUN IST= opportunism -> opportunist;

OPTIM ISM—> OPTIM IST= optimism -> optimist;

PESSIM ISM—> PESSIM IST= pessimism -> pessimism;

EGO ISM—> EGO IST= selfishness -> egoist;

ALTRU ISM—> ALTRUI IST= altruism -> altruist;

SAD ISM—> S.A.D. IST= sadism -> sadist;

IMPRESSION ISM—> IMPRESSION IST= impressionism - impressionist;

PACIF ISM—> PACIF IST= pacifism -> pacifist;

FATAL ISM—> FATAL IST= fatalism -> fatalist;

REAL ISM—> REAL IST= realism -> realist;

There are nouns with the suffix "-IST", which indicate the occupation of a person, his profession, but there is no "paired" noun with the suffix "-ISM". There is a root word, which is an independent unit, and nouns with the suffixes "-IST" do not always sound the same as their Russian counterparts.

For example:

TOUR —> TOUR IST\u003d trip, trip, tour, excursion -> tourist. traveler;

SCIENCE —> SCIENT IST= science -> scientist;

HUMOUR —> HUMOUR IST\u003d humor, joke -> humorist, joker;

ART —> ART IST= art - an artist, a master of his craft, an artist;

PHILOLOGY —> PHILOLOGY IST= philology -> philologist;

DRAMATICS —> DRAMAT IST= dramatic art -> playwright;

CHEMISTRY —> CHEM IST= chemistry -> chemist;

ECONOMICS —> ECONO MIST= economics -> economist;

BIOLOGY —> BIOLOGY IST= biology -> biologist;

BOTANY —> BOTA IST= botany -> botanist;

GEOLOGY —> GEOLOGY IST= geology -> geologist;

PHYSICS —> PHYSIC IST= physics -> physicist;

PSYCOLOGY —> PSYCOLOGY IST= psychology -> psychologist;

PSYCHIATRY —> PSYCHIATR IST= psychiatry -> psychiatrist;

ECOLOGY —> ECOLOG IST= ecology -> ecologist;

MINERALOGY —> MINERALOGY IST= mineralogy -> mineralogist;

CARTOON —> CARTOON IST= cartooncartoonist;

AGRONOMY —> AGRONOM IST= agronomy -> agronomist;

PIANO —> PIAN IST= piano, piano -> pianist;

VIOLIN —> VIOLIN IST= violin -> violinist

VIOLONCELLO —> VIOLONCELLO IST= cello -> cellist

There is a group of nouns with the suffix "-ISM", but paired with them are nouns with other suffixes or no suffixes at all.

For example:

DESPOT ISM-> DESPOT = despotism -> despot;

PATRIOT ISM-> PATRIOT = patriotism -> patriot;

DEMOCRAT ISM-> DEMOCRAT = democratism -> democrat;

RADICAL ISM—> RADICAL = radicalism —> radical;

PROFESSIONAL ISM-> PROFESSIONAL = professionalism -> professional;

SCEPTIC ISM-> SCEPTIC = skepticism -> skeptic;

PARLIAMENTAR ISM—> PARLIAMENTARIAN = parliamentarism —> parliamentarian;

HERO ISM-> HERO = heroism -> hero;

PROVINCIAL ISM-> PROVINCIAL = provincialism -> provincial;

LIBERAL ISM-> LIBERAL = liberalism -> liberal;

CONSERVAT ISM-> CONSERVATIVE = conservatism -> conservative;

In this lesson from the section we will continue talking about noun suffixes. We have already considered These are the five suffixes.

Now let's look at the rest of the suffixes to get a complete picture of how nouns are formed in English. If you are preparing for the exam in English in the form of the Unified State Examination, then you simply need to know them.

Total an English noun has 16 suffixes:

-er / or, -tion, -ing, -ness, -ence / ance (main list - grade 9),
-hood, -ship, -dom, -th, -t, -(i)ty, -ment, -age, -ure, -ee, -ist (extended list -11 class).

Derivation of nouns

Noun suffixes in English

1.Suffixes -hood, -ship, -dom, by which nouns are formed from other nouns and adjectives.

noun/adj + Ʌ = noun

hood
child - childhood (child - childhood)
neighbor - neighborhood (neighbor - neighborhood)
ship
friend - friendship (friend - friendship)
champion - championship (champion - championship)
partner - partnership (partner - partnership)
dom
king - kingdom (king - kingdom)
free - freedom (free - freedom)
wise - wisdom (wise - wisdom)

2. Suffixes -th, -t, -(i)ty, by which nouns are formed from adjectives.

adj + Ʌ = noun

th(possible vowel alternation at the root of the word)
warm - warm (warm - warm)
long - length
strong-strength
wide-width
deep - depth
young - youth
t: high - height (high - height)
(i)ty
electric - electricity (electric - electricity)
possible - possibility
probable-probability

3. Suffixes -ment, -age, -ure, by which nouns are formed from verbs.

verb + Ʌ = noun

ment
state - statement (approve - statement)
develop - development
age
marry - marriage (marry - marriage, marriage)
break - breakage
ure
press - pressure (press - pressure)
please - pleasure
depart - departure

4. And separately consider the suffixes of the profession — ist and suffix -ee.

ist
biology - biologist (biology - biologist)
psychology - psychologist (psychology - psychologist)
ee
address - addressee (address - recipient / recipient)
employer - employee (employer - employee)

Total turned out 11 suffixes. To remember them, I recommend learning 11 words (the simplest ones) with these suffixes in the form of mnemonic phrases. For example, these:

1.In my childhood I made a friendship with a king of a kingdom. He had good strength and great height. “As a child, I made friends with the king of a certain kingdom. He had great strength and great stature.

2.Electricity resulted from the development of science. — Electricity was the result of the development of science.

3.The breakage was because of high pressure.— The breakdown was due to high pressure.

Suffixes of nouns in English. Exercises

Exercise 1. Read the noun and indicate the suffix with which it is formed.

EXAMPLE. performance—The noun performanc e is formed with the help of the suffix -ance.

silence, biologist, employment, humanity, modesty, settlement, feeling

Exercise 2. Find a noun in each line and translate it.

Exercise 3 Form nouns with the indicated suffixes from the stems of the underlined words and write them.

— ment:
1. The child was greatly excited when he received a big bear as a birthday present.
The child's ____________ was very great.

2. My English has improved very little for the last two months.
There is very little ___________ in my English, I am afraid.

3. The children enjoyed entertaining the guests.
They enjoyed giving an _____________ for their guests.

—tion
4. He collected a good library of books.
He had a good __________ of books.

5. The machines exhibited in the hall were very interesting to us.
The machines at the ___________ are very interesting.

6. He said he wanted to continue studying after he graduated from the institute.
He said he wanted to continue studying after….

— ance
7. The scientists had difficulty explaining how the star had disappeared.
They had difficulty in explaining the____________.of the star.

— ence
8. We were surprised to find out how different her speech had become.
We were surprised at the ________________ in her speech.

Exercise 4 Fill in the spaces with verbs formed from the given nouns in brackets.

1. He said good bye and ____________ (departure)
2. Your pronunciation has ______ wonderfully. (improvement)
3. The doctor ______________ the boy's arm carefully. (examination)

Exercise 5 Fill in the spaces with nouns formed from the given verbs in brackets.

1. This rare book is the first _____________ of Pushkin's poems. (to edit)
2. The sixth-form pupils’ English ___________was much better this year. (to perform)
3. The dancer's __________became slower and slower (to move).

Exercise 6 Form nouns from adjectives.

thirsty
hungry
shady

To check yourself, use the DICTIONARY in the lower right corner. If you click on the arrows, a dictionary window will appear and you need to enter a word that will be the answer.

For example, 1. thirsty (thirsty) - ? your option(thirst).

We enter the word thirst into the dictionary and check if it matches your option t with the one that the dictionary offers.

Exercise 7Make the right choice. Translate the offer.
1. What is the (long, length) of the corridor?
2. How (long, length) is the street?
3. He is not (strong, strength) enough to fight with John?
4. My brother can lift the box because of his (strong, strength).
5. Nelly's skirt is too (wide, width).
6. We can't get the piano through the door because of its (wide, width).
7. Is spring a (warmth, warm) season?
8. We felt the (warm, warmth) of the sun on out faces and hands.
9. We were surprised at your formal (polite, politeness).
10. We were not struck by the (white, whiteness) of the snow.

Exercise 8 Rewrite the phrases, indicating in brackets the word from which the noun is formed. Translate them.

EXAMPLE. whole-hearted devotion (devote) - wholehearted devotion

whole-hearted devotion, gloomy silence, an outstanding novelist, gathering darkness, limitless possibilities, an important addition, a noticeable improvement, complete understanding, widespread popularity, a gymnastic competition, a new acquaintance, a small settlement, an important announcement.

Exercise 9 Form nouns from these verbs using suffixes: -er/-or -ment -(a)tion -ion -age -ure -th.

to construct, to equip, to divide, to inform, to mix, to observe, to move, to break, to direct, to compete, to grow, to press, to radiate, to develop, to protect, to transport, to solve , to recognize , to measure, to fail, to vibrate, to reflect, to treat, to improve, to elect, to educate, to manage, to govern, to achieve, to imagine, to attract

Exercise 10. In put in spaces abstract nouns formed from the words given in brackets.

1. Suvorov always showed great courage and __________ . (wise)
2. The traveler had to overcome many __________. (difficult)
3. He sat resting, enjoying the ___________ of the fire. (warm)
4. He suffered from his own __________. (fool)
5. This man has extraordinary __________ . (strong)
6. The balloon floated at the _________ of one mile. (high)
7. She remembered the happy days of her __________. (young)
8. The __________ of the canal is seventy kilometres. (long)
9. Its _________ is one hundred meters. (wide)
10. When he came round he felt a strange ____________and could not stand up (weak).

So, I hope that by completing the cycle of exercises on topic "Derivation of nouns in English" do you remember 16 basic noun suffixes. But if you still have questions, write in the comments. Author, Tatyana Nabeeva