Speech sounds are obtained through a whole complex of kinemas (movements of the articulatory organs). The correct pronunciation of all kinds of sounds largely depends on the strength, mobility, and also the differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. That is, the pronunciation of speech sounds is a rather difficult motor skill that will help develop articulation exercises.

The main goals of articulation gymnastics

You can observe how the baby makes various (facial and articulatory) movements with the tongue, jaw and lips. At the same time, characteristic sounds are reproduced - babble and muttering. This is the first stage in the development of the speech of each person. It matters a lot. In children, such movements are developed and develop gradually. They value strength, precision and differentiation.

A set of exercises of articulation gymnastics will help to develop and develop full-fledged movements, which is important for the correct reproduction of speech sounds.

It consists of a huge number of exercises aimed at training the mobility of organs, working out various positions of the lips, soft palate and tongue.

Firstly, articulatory gymnastics should be performed every day. This contributes to the qualitative assimilation and consolidation of the developed skills in children. It is recommended to do articulation exercises three or four times a day, for about 5 minutes. No need to load the child with a large number of new exercises at once. It is enough for 2-3 exercises at a time.

Secondly, the exercise is performed not once, but several times (about five). should be done for 10-15 seconds.

Thirdly, it is necessary to competently approach the selection of exercises and take into account the traditional sequence: from simple to complex. It is better to spend 3-4 years in a playful way, fun and emotionally.

Fourth, new exercises should be introduced gradually, one at a time. Don't forget to review and reinforce what you've learned. You should not start new exercises if the previous tasks are not performed very well. You can practice old material with new playing techniques.

And, fifthly, it is better to perform articulatory gymnastics while sitting. In this position, the body, arms and legs do not tense in children. It will be easier for children to complete new tasks if they see themselves and the leader. This will require a wall mirror. You can start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.

Organizing time

When explaining a new exercise, an adult should use game techniques as much as possible. Then comes the visual demonstration. After that, under the supervision of an adult, it is performed by a child.

When children perform articulation exercises, it is important to control the quality of movements. It is important to consider the symmetry of both sides of the face. Without this, articulatory gymnastics is absolutely meaningless.

Each exercise must be approached creatively.

At first, the movements will be tense. Gradually they will become more free, organic and coordinated.

The complex of articulation exercises should include both static and dynamic tasks.

Lip exercises

There are a huge number of them. This is:

• Smile - lips are held in a smile, teeth should not be visible.
• Proboscis - lips are pulled forward with a long tube.
• Fence - a smile with closed teeth.
• Bagel - round and stretch lips forward. The teeth must be closed.
• Rabbit - the exercise is performed with closed teeth. Raise the upper lip, exposing the corresponding incisors.

Tasks for the development of lip mobility

Articulation exercises for children should also be aimed at developing lip mobility. This is:

• Scratching and biting with the teeth of both lips.
• Pull lips forward with a tube. Then stretch them into a smile.
• Pull out the lips with a tube. Rotate them in a circular motion, move left and right.
• Imagine yourself as a fish that talks. Clap your lips against each other.
• Take the nasolabial fold of the upper lip with two fingers of one hand, and the lower lip with the thumb and forefinger of the other. Stretch them up and down.
• "Kiss". The cheeks are pulled inward, after which the mouth opens sharply with a characteristic sound.
• "Duck". Massage the elongated lips with your fingers, trying to depict a beak. In this case, the thumbs of both hands should be under the lower lip, and the others - on the upper.
• "Unhappy Horse" Try to make a sound like a horse snorting.

Static and dynamic exercises for the language

High-quality articulation is impossible without hard work. Among the static exercises, the following can be distinguished:

• Chicks. Open your mouth wide, while the tongue lies motionless.
• Spatula. The mouth should be open, stick out the tongue, relax it and lower it in a wide position on the lower lip.
• Cup. Open your mouth wide. Stick out the tongue, while lifting the front and side edges. The tongue should not touch the teeth.
• Sting. Push forward a narrow tense tongue.
• Slide. Raise the back of the tongue up, while the tip should rest firmly against the lower incisors.
• Tube. Bend up the side edges of the tongue.
• Fungus. Stick your tongue to the palate.

A set of articulation exercises should include dynamic tasks:

• Pendulum. Slightly open your mouth and stretch your lips into a smile. Touch the corners of your mouth with the tip of your tongue.
• Football. The mouth must be closed. With a tense tongue, alternately rest against one or the other cheek.
• Teeth cleaning. Close your mouth. Circle the movement of the tongue in a circle and lips.
• Horse. Tongue stick to the sky, then click the tongue. Click hard and slowly.
• Delicious jam. Open your mouth and lick your upper lip with your tongue.

Articulation exercises for the sound "r"

The first exercise is called "Whose teeth are cleaner." To perform it, you should open your mouth wide and make movements (left-right) with the tip of your tongue from the inside of the upper teeth.

The second is "Malyar". Open your mouth, stretch your lips in a smile. Move the tip of the tongue back and forth across the palate.

The third - "Who will drive the ball further." The exercise is done with a smile. Make the language wide. Put its edge on the lower lip and try to pronounce the sound “f” for a long time. Then put the cotton on the table and blow it to the opposite side.

These are just some articulation exercises for the “r” sound that will help you develop the correct movements of the tongue, its mobility, lifting, etc.

The tasks presented in the article will help strengthen and develop certain skills in children. Articulation exercises require a competent and creative approach of an adult. Be sure to perform them in a playful way, do not forget to say the names of each of them, which will cause direct associations. And then the children will be interested in doing a variety of exercises.

For proper oral speech in the body, all articulatory organs must work smoothly and systematically. The skill of oral speech helps to develop articulatory gymnastics for the tongue, lips, cheeks and palate. Modern opportunities do not always benefit children - the screens of TVs, phones, tablets make kids watch and listen more than speak for themselves.

A large percentage of preschool children have slight speech delays, some suffer. It is better to start practicing articulation training from an early age for the prevention of deviations and the development of the speech apparatus.

Articulatory gymnastics for the lips and tongue is a necessary part of the development of articulation and diction, not only for children with disabilities, but also for healthy babies. Speech development standards suggest that by the age of 5, a child should already have mastered the rules of phonetics, his oral speech should be understandable to everyone around him and have a good vocabulary.

Unfortunately, the current generation of preschoolers does not always have time to meet developmental standards, speech defects do not comply with age restrictions, and such pathologies can affect everyone. Many parents do not notice the articulation problems of their babies, some think that the child will outgrow all the defects. In no case should pronunciation violations be left to chance or, since with age the problem will only increase, and it is much more difficult for an adult to correct it.

The main reasons to start articulation training are:

• a great help in the development of correct diction in a child - with the help of these classes, you can teach your child to speak clearly and beautifully;
• the effect of sluggish sound pronunciation ("porridge in the mouth");
• articulatory gymnastics for labial-linguistic sounds makes it possible to correct small deviations in speech at home;
• muscle preparation for further classes with a speech therapist in case of serious pathologies.

In the event that parents notice that their baby pronounces a sound incorrectly or does not pronounce it at all, you can begin to perform speech gymnastics on your own. Exercises can be found on speech therapy sites or ask teachers in kindergarten for a printed complex.

For a good condition of the mobile facial and respiratory muscles, they must be elastic and mobile. Articulation training helps to form speech sounds, correct pronunciation at the initial stage of development, and helps to correct violations.

Types and features of exercises

Articulation exercises for the tongue, cheeks and lips are divided into several types:

1. static - holding one pose in the exercise;
2. dynamic - repetition of each pose in several approaches;
3. - when the exercises are performed by the hands of a parent or a speech therapist, such training is appropriate for infants or with serious pathologies in which the muscles of the speech apparatus are not capable of movement;
4. active - when the child himself performs tasks.

Speech therapists advise to perform all types of exercises in the complex. Articulatory gymnastics for labio-tooth parasigmatism should be performed under the supervision of a speech therapist, since such a violation cannot be corrected at home.

Important! With the manifestations of symptoms of speech development disorders, in any case, you should seek the advice of a specialist in order to prevent the development of serious abnormalities.

It is important to understand that without patience and systematization of training, a good result cannot be achieved.

Usually, the complex of articulation exercises for the muscles of the tongue includes the following static exercises:

• "chick" - a static task to hold a wide open mouth with a relaxed tongue in it;
• "Cup" - with your mouth wide open, you need to stick out your tongue as much as possible and bend its edge towards you so as not to touch your teeth, hold this position for several seconds;
• "Shovel" - stick out the tongue and put it on the lower lip in a completely relaxed position;
• "sting" - a sharp extension of the tense tongue forward;
• "hill" - rest the tip of the tongue on the lower teeth and bend it upwards with an arc, hold the pose;
• "tube" - this movement can only be performed if there is a genetic predisposition of the tongue to this position, you need to bend the lateral edges of the tongue up towards the middle to get a tube from the tongue.

List of dynamic tasks:

1. “football” - with a closed mouth, inside rest the tongue against different points, against the cheeks, against the palate, teeth, etc. in turn;
2. "pendulum" - open your mouth and chat with a tense protruding tongue to the right and left;
3. "Snake" - push the tense tongue forward and remove it back to the back wall of the larynx;
4. “imitation of brushing” - with your mouth closed, pretend that your teeth are being brushed with your tongue, first the upper ones, then the lower ones;
5. "horse" - perform characteristic clicks of the tongue;
6. "beep" - pronounce the sound "U", in which the tongue itself folds into a tube.

Important! In case of violations or serious pathologies of the organs of speech, classes should be selected individually by a specialist. The sets of exercises for setting certain sounds, for example, “R” and “L”, differ from each other, you need to be careful in this matter.

Organization of classes

In cases of performing articulatory gymnastics for the tongue for children, it is better to present all exercises in order to keep the attention of the baby. It is better to organize classes at home according to the following algorithm:

• first, the adult shows the exercise on himself;
• then the child, under the supervision of the parent, repeats the task;
• it is better for both of them to sit in front of the mirror so that the baby can see his movements himself.

Adult control in this case is an important condition, you need to look at the correct articulation, whether the symmetry of the movement of the facial muscles is observed. You should not be upset and criticize the baby if at first elementary tasks do not work out well for him, with regular training, over time, muscle movements will become clearer.

Recommendations and useful tips for conducting articulation gymnastics exercises

It is important to follow the schedule of classes, include them in the daily routine, at first you need to practice daily or every other day. This frequency contributes to a better result and the development of skills.

1. it is important to dose the duration of classes, you can not tire the child and develop in him a fear of tasks;
2. 3-4 exercises can be performed per day;
3. each task must be completed several times;
4. it is better for the child to perform exercises in a comfortable position for him;
5. with children of early preschool age, you need to deal with twice a day: in the morning and in the evening before bedtime;
6. if the baby cannot fold his tongue to complete the task, you need to help him at first with your hands or a spoon.

If a child's tongue turns blue and trembles when performing articulatory gymnastics, it is better to contact a speech therapist and a neurologist with this symptom. You need to build classes from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to enter new tasks one at a time, after fixing each, you can add the next.

Finally

It has been proven that it contributes to the deterioration of learning and the poor formation of written speech, so articulation gymnastics will be useful for every child for future development.

Preparatory exercises (articulation gymnastics) for children 2-4 years old.

Exercises for lips and cheeks

1. Cheek massage.
Description: Patting and rubbing the cheeks. Cheek biting from the inside.
Best done while bathing or washing your face.

2. A well-fed hamster.
Description: lips are closed, you can even hold them with your hands, your teeth are open, “take a mouthful of air” - inflate both cheeks, then inflate your cheeks alternately. Keep your cheeks puffed up for 3-5 seconds (consider the capabilities of the child).

3. Hungry hamster.
Description: lips are closed, teeth are open, pull your cheeks inward, you can first help with your hands.

4. The balloon burst.
Description: Lips closed, teeth open. Clap the fists on the inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.

Lip exercises

1. Smile.
Description: Teeth in natural bite (upper teeth slightly overlapping lower teeth), stretch lips into a smile. Hold for 5-10 seconds.

2. Tube.
Description: Teeth in a natural occlusion, lips extended forward in a long tube ("like an elephant's trunk"). You can invite the child to portray a kiss.

3. Fence. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation for pronouncing whistling sounds).
Description: Lips in a smile, teeth set on top of each other (level bite) and visible. Request - “Put your teeth on top of each other (if it doesn’t work out right away, offer to “nibble” a carrot with your front teeth, “like a bunny”) and smile so that all your teeth can be seen.” Hold for 5-10 seconds.

4. Bagel. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation).
Description: The teeth are closed, stand on top of each other. The lips are rounded and slightly extended forward. The upper and lower incisors are visible.

5. Fence - Bagel. Smile - Proboscis. (The goal is to develop the mobility of the lips necessary to switch from whistling to hissing).
Description: Alternating lip positions. First, each posture is fixed for 3-5 seconds, then, if the exercise is performed correctly, the pace of switching increases. Attention: make sure that in the process of lip movements, the teeth do not move or open.

6. Rabbit. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation for the labio-dental sounds V and F).
Description: Teeth are closed. The upper lip is raised and exposes the upper incisors.


Exercises to develop lip mobility

1. Lip massage with teeth.
Description: Biting and scratching with teeth first of the upper and then of the lower lip.

2. Piglet.
Description: Move the lips stretched out with a tube to the right and left, rotate in a circle.

3. Fish talk.
Description: Clap your lips against each other (a dull sound of PPP is pronounced without exhaling).

4. Still Rybki talk.
Description: Squeeze the upper lip behind the nasolabial fold (vertically) with the thumb and forefingers of one hand and the lower lip (vertically) with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down.

5. Fish are talking again.
Description: Lips closed, teeth open. Pull your cheeks inward strongly, and then sharply open your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a "kiss" is heard. Air is drawn in.

6. Duck.
Description: Pull out the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.

7. Disgruntled horse.
Description: The flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. It makes a sound similar to the snorting of a horse. The lips should be relaxed. Exercise to perform "seriously" - if you smile, it will not work.

8. Hide sponges.
Description: The mouth is wide open, the lips are retracted into the mouth, tightly pressing against the teeth. The teeth are loosely closed, the lips are not visible.

A few more exercises for the little ones.
- inflate your cheeks strongly, holding the air in your mouth with all your might (“how long can you not breathe?”)
- holding a pencil (plastic tube) with your lips, draw a circle (square) in the air or on paper.
- hold a gauze napkin with lips (but not teeth) - an adult tries to smoothly pull it out.
- drink through a straw, blow into the water through a straw.
- finely cut the paper, fold it in a pile on the table in front of the child, ask the child to take more air into his mouth and “scare the papers” - exhale with a sharp sound P so that the papers fly apart.

Exercises for the development of mobility of the lower jaw

1. Cowardly chick.
Description: Widely open and close the mouth, lips smile. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The tongue - "chick" sits in the nest and does not protrude (it lies motionless on the bottom of the oral cavity). The exercise is performed rhythmically.

2. Sharks.
Description: The mouth is ajar, On the count of "one" the jaw moves to the right, on "two" - the jaw returns to its place, on the count of "three" - the jaw moves to the left, on "four" - the jaw returns to its place, on "five" - ​​the jaw moves forward, to "six" - the jaw returns to its place. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.

3. Imitation of chewing with a closed and open mouth.

4. Monkey.
Description: The jaw drops down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.

5. Strong man.
Description: Mouth open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth. To relax. At first, you can hold (do not press hard) the chin with your hand, artificially creating tension for the muscles.

6. Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. To relax.

7. Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw). Make sure that the head does not move up and back.

8. Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.

Children's speech apparatus develops unevenly. Someone already at 1.5 years old, builds sentences from several words, and someone is stubbornly silent until 3 years old.

Invaluable help in strengthening the muscles responsible for the child's speech can be provided by wonderful exercises of articulatory gymnastics.

Performing such exercises is necessary for both smartly speaking kids and children whose words are still far from perfect.

What could be nicer than making a variety of faces in front of a mirror. It is better to do this together and preferably several times a day.

WATCH

Open mouth. Stretch your lips into a smile, with the tip of a narrow tongue, alternately pull at the expense of an adult (one or two) to the corners of your mouth. Repeat 5-10 times.

SNAKE

The mouth is wide open. The narrow tongue is strongly pushed forward and removed deep into the mouth. Do not close your mouth. Do at the expense of an adult (one-two) 5-10 times.

SWING

The mouth is wide open. With a narrow tense tongue, at the expense of “one”, reach for the nose, at the expense of “two” - let go to the chin. Repeat 5-7 times.

FOOTBALL

A) The mouth is closed. With a tense tip of the tongue, rest against one cheek, then the other. Do at the expense of an adult (one-two) 5-10 times.

B) Place two cubes (gates) on the table and put a cotton ball (ball) in front of them. Pull your lips forward and blow on a cotton ball so that it hits the gate.

CLEANING YOUR TEETH

A) Smile, open your mouth, hold the tip of your tongue behind the lower teeth (left-right) at the expense of an adult 7-8 times. Then raise the tongue up and hold it behind the upper teeth (the mouth is wide open). Repeat 8-10 times.

b) The mouth is closed. In a circular motion of the tongue, draw between the teeth with the lips, along the upper, then along the lower teeth, in one direction (6-8 times) and in the other.

stroking pussy

Tongue in the "angry pussy" position; press it with your upper teeth and stroke in the direction from the root of the tongue to the tip. Repeat 5-8 times.

HORSE

Smile, open your mouth wide, click your tongue slowly, strongly and loudly, pull the hyoid ligament.

HARMONIC

Smile, open your mouth wide, "suck" your tongue to the sky (see exercise " FUNGUS"). Without lifting the tongue from the palate, pull the lower jaw strongly. Repeat 5-8 times.

PAINTER

Open your mouth wide. Raise the tongue up with the tip of the tongue across the sky from the upper incisors to the soft palate and back. Perform at the expense of an adult (one-two), repeat 5-8 times.

DELICIOUS JAM

A) Smile, open your mouth, lick your upper and then lower lip in a circle with your tongue. Perform in one direction, and then in the other 5-8 times.

B) Smile, open your mouth, lick the upper lip from the nose with a wide tongue and put it deep into the mouth. Try not to support the tongue with the lower lip. Repeat 5-8 times.

TURKEY

Smile, open your mouth, raise your tongue to the upper lip and bend it up, move your tongue along the upper lip back and forth, saying: was-was-was ...

WOODPECKER

Smile, open your mouth wide, lift your tongue up. with the tip of the tongue, with force, "hit" the tubercles (alveoli) behind the upper teeth and pronounce the sound: "d-d-d ...". Perform 10-20 seconds at first slowly, then faster and faster. Make sure that only the tip of the tongue “works”, and the tongue itself does not jump.

BBK74.3 K 64

KonovalenkoAT. AT., KonovalenkoSW.

To 64 Articulatory, fingergymnasticsandbreatheffectively- voiceexercises. Application to a set of notebooks to consolidate the pronunciation of sounds in preschoolers. 2nd edition revised. - M .: "Publishing house GNOM and D", 2001.-16 p.

ISBN 5-296-00213-X

The manual outlines a set of exercises for articulation and finger gymnastics, which has been used for many years in the work of experienced speech therapists to eliminate speech defects in children and which is an integral part of a set of notebooks for fixing the pronunciation of sounds in preschoolers 4-5 years old, and also offers a number of the most common and simple breathing and voice exercises, organically combined with articulation.

The manual is intended for the work of speech therapists and parents with children.

© V. V. Konovalenko, SV Konovalenko, 1998, 2001. ©Design. LLC "Publishing house GNOM and D", 2001.

1. Articulation gymnastics

An important role in the formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds is played by a clear, precise, coordinated work of the articulatory apparatus (lips, tongue, lower jaw, soft palate).

To develop full-fledged movements of the lips, tongue, jaw, articulatory gymnastics is useful. Exercises should be understandable to the child, accessible, preferably learned in advance in front of a mirror.

It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics with a child every day for several minutes.

Articulation exercises are performed both sitting and standing.

The pace of execution and the number of exercises gradually increase.

It is most effective to perform articulation exercises under the count, with claps, to music, and also in combination with respiratory-head exercises. (exercises performXia from 5 before 10-15 once).

Exemplarycomplexexercisesarticulatorygymnastics

I. Exercises for the lower jaw:

Open your mouth wide and hold it open for a few seconds.

Chewing movements with closed lips.

Light tapping of teeth - lips are open.

"FENCE"- the upper jaw is on the lower, lips

in a smile. R is

II. Lip exercises:

1. "SMILE"- stretching open lips (to squeeze teeth (Fig. 1),

2. "TUBE" ("PROBOSCIS") -

pulling lips forward (rice. 2).

3. Alternation "SMILE" and "TRUBARRELS».

(Three previous exercises youfill up also with closed gubami).

Retraction of the lips into the mouth with tight pressing them to the teeth.

Pulling the lower lip under the upper.

III. Language exercises:

(mouth wide disclosed, lowerjaw motionless):

1. "CHATTER"- tongue movements

back and forth.

2. "WATCH"- right left, (rice.4).

Rice .4

Circular movements of the tongue.

"HORSES"- clicking (clicking) tongue.

Rice.

a)

b)

Rice.2

"SHOVEL"- a wide, soft, relaxed tongue lies on the lower lip, (rice. 5).

"NEEDLE"- narrow, tense tongue sticking out forward, (rice. 6).

"GROOVE"- stick out a wide tongue, bend the side edges up, draw in the cheeks and air.

"FUNGUS"- a wide flat tongue sticks to the hard palate, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the molars, (rice. 7).

10. "CUP"- a wide cup-shaped tongue is raised up, the edges are pressed to the upper lip, (rice. 8).

11. "PUSSYANGRY"- arching up and moving forward the back of the tongue, while the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth.

12. "WE WILL PUNISHNAUGHTYLANGUAGE"- a) biting the tip of a wide tongue ("SHOVEL"), lips at the same time in a smile; b) spanking a wide, relaxed tongue ("SHOVEL") relaxed lips.

Rice . 8

Rice .5

Rice . 6

Rice .7