How to get an internship in production. Goals and objectives of production practice at the enterprise

Practice is the most important link in the student's preparation stage. This is a way to get to know the production process from the inside, to consolidate and apply the knowledge gained during training. Industrial training allows you to get to know the peculiarities of the functioning of the enterprise, to form skills of practical work, which in many respects differ from theoretical knowledge. For enterprises, this is a chance to replenish their ranks with young, competent specialists.

How is the internship

Passage of industrial practice is obligatory both for students of higher and vocational educational institutions.

You should not consider it as another uninteresting task. The event could be start of a successful career the opportunity to get a job immediately after graduation.

This is not a formality, but a unique opportunity to find your bearings in the profession, to assess your capabilities even at the stage of graduation. Therefore, from practical activities, you need to try to get the maximum benefit and show yourself from the best side.

The internship at the enterprise provides the graduate with the following opportunities:

Usually, students are sent for internships in organizations with which the educational institution has an agreement. The main activities of the company must correspond to the specialization of the student.

For students it is not forbidden to independently choose the base for the implementation of practical activities. With the consent of the head of the enterprise, it is necessary to enlist the approval of the educational institution.

All organizational aspects of the practice lie with the administration of the university. The department should develop teaching aids and a plan for its passage.

The student, at the time of gaining practical experience, has the following responsibilities:

Carry a diary and all accompanying materials with you.
Clearly follow all the instructions of the assigned mentor.
Familiarize yourself with the internal instructions of the enterprise on labor protection and internal regulations. Strictly observe them.
Follow the work schedule established at the enterprise, fulfill the duties assigned to him and be responsible for their high-quality performance.
Report on the work done.

trainee follows an individual plan, taking into account the characteristics of each specialty. During the period of practical activity, the program must be fully implemented. All actions reflected in the diary and report, which must be protected by the manager. The acquired skills are assessed, about which a mark is put in the grade book.

How to start writing a report

Regardless of the type of practice, its end is fixed by the report. This document reflects the professional training of the future specialist, his business qualities, acquired knowledge.

The qualitative performance of the task is very important for the student, since the place of practice is selected in accordance with the future profession. That is, the student is placed in an atmosphere corresponding to his specialty.

The attitude of the student to the tasks assigned, his responsibility and acumen, indicate how he will behave in future employment.

Before starting to write a report, it is necessary to study all documents related to the activities of the organization, regulations, company structure. The student describes his activities, not only using job descriptions, but directly based on the work process.

A young, well-trained specialist can make recommendations to the work process. About your achievements and views on the work of the enterprise must be included in the report.

All information is presented in accordance with established reporting standards. Therefore, writing a document begins with the study of the methodological manual received at the educational institution.

A manual is a step-by-step instruction that helps a student to structure a document structurally.

A grant is issued at the department. It contains all the information about the objectives of the practice and the rules for preparing the report.

Based on the training manual, an action plan is drawn up, it is with it that the writing of the document begins. The points of the plan are the goals of the practice. Based on them, the student selects key information about the enterprise, analyzes the workflow and makes his recommendations.

It is impossible to write a competent report without a real involvement in the work activity. Therefore, you need to start with the practical part, then writing a document will not be any difficulty.

Any incomprehensible question can be clarified directly with the mentor or other employees of the organization. For any clarification, you can contact the curators. This is a fixed mentor at the place of practice and a direct supervisor from the educational institution.

Do not try to change the structure of the report. It is generally accepted and does not complicate, but facilitates writing a document.

Document structure

Following the guidelines, the student is required to keep a daily diary. It reflects the daily activities of the student:

to collect information;
activities in the workplace;
about the type of work performed;
about achievements and experiences.

The mentor from the organization must endorse the diary after completing the internship. If it is provided for by the program, the supervisor can give the student practical tasks and, based on the results of their implementation, put marks and comments in the diary.

The diary is an integral part of the practice report. Without it, the task is not accepted for verification.

The structure of the document is formed on the basis of the methodological manual.

For higher education institutions, the development of an individual program of practice report is not prohibited. If the university uses a generally accepted system, then the structure of the report on production practice is as follows:

Title page.
Content.
Introduction.
Main part.
Conclusion.
Applications.

There may be slight differences in structure depending on the type of practice.

Each educational institution has a standard title page design. . The following mandatory information must be entered in it in a certain order:

name of the university;
department, specialty, course, group, etc.;
the topic of the report and its type;
link to the head of the practice;
surname, name and patronymic of the student;
the location of the educational institution;
year of submission of the document.

Changing the names of plan items or transferring them to other pages that do not correspond to the content is prohibited.

The introduction is formed from the methodological manual. It outlines the practical goals and objectives that the student was expected to complete. The place of implementation of practical activities is described.

The main part contains two subsections:

theoretical;
practical.

The practical part begins with a description of the technical and economic indicators of the enterprise where the student was located. Its structure and normative documentation are described. This is followed by a section with calculations, a description of the functional tasks performed by the university student.

The conclusion is the most important section of the report. In him the student can draw conclusions about the work done, summarize the final analysis of the organization's activities, describe their achievements on the spot and make recommendations for improving the work of the organization as a whole or in a separate area.

Appendix. This is the final section of the document. When writing the main text, the student could refer to various applications. They are listed. Initial in order is the one to which the first link goes.

A full practice report should contain the following documents:

Direction for practice (This document is issued by universities and certified by the signature and seal of the organization that accepted the student for practice).
Practice diary. (Without the signature and seal of the enterprise is considered invalid).
The contract for the passage of industrial practice.
Plan of production practice (clearly broken down by days and topics).
A testimonial or testimonial written by a mentor from the enterprise. It must be certified by the signature and seal of the organization.
A report on the completion of an internship, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the educational institution.

This list applies to all types of practice and is standardly applied in all educational institutions.

Types of practice and features of reports after them

In higher educational institutions, three-time internships are provided. The first tasks appear already in the first year. The following types of practical activities are necessary for a university student:

Educational.
Production.
Undergraduate.

Before the event, the leader is obliged to convey to the students the main points of the learning process, explain the meaning and formulate key tasks. Each type of practice has its own specific features and implementation schedule.

Educational

Students can gain practical experience after the first or second semester of study. The program of practical tasks is developed by each university individually. At the same time, students are not necessarily sent to any enterprise. Classes can be held on the territory of the educational institution, in its workshops or laboratories.

Educational practice takes several forms:

excursion. Future specialists visit the enterprise, observe the production process;
self introduction. Students are allowed individual visits to the organization, communication with staff;
workshops. They can be carried out both in an educational institution and at an enterprise.

Its main goal is to develop practical experience and consolidate the studied theoretical material.

Production

She is organized in the third, fourth year. Main the purpose of the task is to allow the student to study the features of his chosen profession in a real workplace. There, the student is attached to a mentor who controls his activities, helps to study the work process from the inside.

A university student should become an assistant to a leading specialist, for example, an assistant to a merchandiser or a personnel manager.

Undergraduate

This type of practice is before defending the thesis. It completes the student's learning phase.

The goal is to obtain information for writing a graduation project, to establish oneself as a young specialist and to gain labor communication skills.

There are significant methodological differences between educational and industrial practice. In the first case the student gets acquainted with the general process, in the second - directly takes part in it. Therefore, the study practice report will not contain a practice section.

The difference between diploma and industrial practice is not so significant. Pre-diploma practice is a summing up, an impetus to a successful professional activity.

Protection

When the practice is completed and fully described in the report, it is necessary to prepare for its defense. For a student who independently prepared a document and really was in practice, this it won't be hard to do.

He doesn't even have to learn or memorize anything. Gained practical experience, collection and processing of the information received long-term memory. The university student needs to be well versed in his own report in order to view the necessary information if necessary.

Before the defense, it is worth preparing a speech. Formulate a competent report oral presentation, which won't take more than 15 minutes. It should contain the key points of the report, presented in a business style.

A complete and specific presentation of information will minimize the questions asked by the commission.

Often to protect a document need to prepare a short presentation. It consists of several slides, which will be absolutely not difficult. You can prepare other visual information. Tables, graphs, lists and formulas in a visual image help to better perceive information.

well written the report is not a guarantee of an excellent rating. Appearance, delivered speech, interesting presentation and competent report are the key to successful defense of the report.

Educational institutions make serious demands on students. But if you approach the work carefully and responsibly, study and follow all the methodological recommendations, compiling a practice report will not seem like a very difficult task.

In this video, you can clearly see the rules for preparing a report on production practice.

- this is the practical part of the educational process in a higher or secondary specialized educational institution, taking place in organizations in the mode of real work activity. The practice is designed to consolidate the acquired theoretical knowledge and skills necessary for the qualification and final certification of the student as a specialist. The results of the production practice are evaluated according to the standards adopted in the educational institution and fit into the educational process.

student

Industrial practice for a student often becomes the starting point of his professional career. The most common mistake of students is a formal attitude to the process of passing the practice, as to another educational task. To get the most out of the practice, you need to have the right attitude and understand that this is a unique opportunity to “test the soil”, while still under the wing of your educational institution. Significantly saving time and effort in this way, you will not make unnecessary movements after graduation and will know exactly where to go next.

What opportunities does the practice give to the student:

consolidate theoretical knowledge;

apply knowledge and skills in practice;

navigate the real workflow and see the pitfalls of the chosen specialty that are not visible in theory;

direct contact with the professional community;

gain skills in finding a job and communicating with an employer;

gain experience of interacting with an experienced professional mentor;

to understand as early as possible that the specialty or even the area was chosen incorrectly and does not meet your requirements for the profession;

orient in the profession and decide;

“probe” the market and understand what is in demand and what else needs to be learned;

find a job that is suitable for starting a career;

get initial experience, which is so lacking for young professionals when applying for a job after training, and make their first entry in the work book;

to achieve the first successes and show abilities in the chosen specialty in front of the future employer.

Students do internships in their senior years at universities, when they have already chosen a specialty, and usually the topic of practice correlates with the knowledge and skills gained in the semester. The practice takes place on the basis of real enterprises with which the university has a preliminary agreement. The direction of the organization's activities should correspond to the specialization of the student. The student has the right to choose the base of practice that suits him, and the university must provide a list of possible options. If the student is already working according to the profile, then he has the right to practice at the place of this work.

During practice, the student must keep a diary, which is signed by the head of his practice. At the end of the practice, its results are evaluated on a par with exams and tests and are noted in the record book. Also, the work of the student is evaluated by the management of the practical base on which he worked, and gives a characteristic. The direction of industrial practice can be technological (directly practical work, acquiring skills) and research or pre-diploma (conducting scientific research on practical material).

The legal side of the issue should be defined in the normative documents of the university, and also regulated by the relevant articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The working day of a student-intern from 16 to 18 years old should be no more than 36 hours per week (Article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and at the age of 18 years no more than 40 hours per week (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). During the period of internship, students are subject to the internal regulations adopted in the organization, and the general rules of labor protection. If a trainee is accepted into the state for the duration of the practice, then he receives all the rights of an employee: the right to receive a salary, the right to paid leave, disability benefits, etc. He is also responsible for the duties of the employee.

Employer

Despite the fact that student interns are a rather troublesome business for an organization, internships have undeniable advantages for the company as well. Becoming a base of practice and interacting with a specialized educational institution, the organization gets the opportunity to:

“educate” young specialists for themselves, training them in accordance with the requirements and specifics that are necessary for your organization;

adjust the educational programs of specialized universities, interacting with them.

The legal side of the process of registering an intern has a number of difficulties, which, however, are quite surmountable. The main snag for personnel officers is the lack of an article that clearly regulates the acceptance of a trainee for work. The concept of an agreement between a student and an organization in the event of an internship is absent in principle. In this situation, there are two options.

1. Conclusion of an employment contract with an intern. In the case of an internship and if there is a corresponding vacancy in the company, the student is accepted into the state on the basis of a fixed-term employment contract and enters into an employment relationship with the organization. The rationale for the conclusion of the contract can be formulated in accordance with Article 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation something like this: "The employment contract is concluded for the duration of the internship." If this is the first official employment for a student, then he needs to have a work book and a certificate of pension insurance (Article 65 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). From the moment the contract is concluded, the trainee is endowed with all the relevant rights and obligations of a full-fledged employee.

2. Registration of an intern without enrollment in the state. In the event that the contract between the educational institution and the employer initially stipulates that students undergo internship without official employment, and if there are no vacancies, then the student does not receive a specific labor function, but is in practice more introductory, does not bear responsibility like an employee. However, the internal regulations in force at the enterprise and the labor protection rules apply to it. To enroll students at the enterprise, an order is issued that contains all the necessary details (names of students, terms and objectives of the practice, the procedure for passing, a responsible mentor, etc.).

If a student is already working, and the profile of his work corresponds to the specialty for which he is studying, then he can do an internship at his place of work, providing the university with a relevant certificate.

Thus, the internship is a mutually beneficial event for both students and employers, helping them to get to know each other and start professional interaction.

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Industrial practice is part of the curriculum. The goals and objectives of the practice may vary depending on the specialty of the teacher, and are usually fixed in the program developed by the university. In the article, we have given the general goals and objectives of industrial practice, which are relevant for each specialty.

Field trip goals

The student is sent to practice with a specific goal, which contributes to obtaining additional knowledge.

Purpose of practice- Improving the quality of graduate training through familiarization with the profession, consolidating the skills acquired in lectures. The student gets acquainted with the real practical activities of the organization, which allows him to better navigate the profession. Industrial practice is an excellent basis for future work in the specialty.

At the end of the practice, the student draws up a report in which he sets out information about the activities of the organization, analyzes it. Based on this information, a thesis is written in the future.

Work practice tasks

Practice objectives are a number of issues that the student faces in the workplace.

The following tasks contribute to the achievement of the main goal of the practice:

study of the specifics of the organization's activities;
familiarization with the work schedule of the organization, its structural divisions;
familiarity with the safety instructions;
formation of professional skills in a specific professional area;
gaining work experience in the specialty;
gaining experience in working in a team;
fulfillment of the requirements and actions provided for by the program of industrial practice and tasks of the head;
identification of shortcomings in the work of the organization and the prospects for its functioning;
development of proposals to eliminate shortcomings and improve the activities of the organization.

What is achieved through the passage of industrial practice

As a result of industrial practice, the student determines the level of his own preparation for professional activity. The student indicates the goals and objectives of the practice in his report. The practice report reflects the student's level of knowledge and his ability to cope with professional activities.

It should be remembered that it is necessary to draw up a report during practice. Further, the report is submitted to the head of practice from the enterprise, who, in turn, makes comments or makes recommendations, and signs the report. Teachers of the department get acquainted with the report submitted for verification and with the recall of the head of practice from the enterprise. The student is given time to defend the report, where he talks about the timing of the internship, the types of work performed at the enterprise and the materials collected. On the basis of the report and its defense, a mark is given for the production practice.

Thus, industrial practice, with the aim of deepening the knowledge of students, is the most important stage in the learning process. Internship allows you to get a full-fledged and high-quality higher education with the prospect of further employment in your specialty.

Goals and objectives of production practice at the enterprise updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

The practice of students is an obligatory component of the process of training specialists in higher educational institutions and is carried out at appropriately equipped practice bases of higher educational institutions, as well as at modern enterprises and organizations in various sectors of the economy, education, health, culture, trade and public administration. According to the curricula of higher educational institutions, the terms of professional practice make up 20-25% of the total study time. The organization of practical training of students is regulated by the Regulations on the practice of students of higher educational institutions.

Responsibility for the organization and implementation of the practical training of students is assigned directly to the heads of higher educational institutions. Educational and methodological guidance and the implementation of practice programs are provided by the relevant departments (subject or cycle commissions). The general organization of the practice of students and control over its implementation is carried out by the head of the practice. Experienced teachers and specialists in a particular profession working in the organization where the practice takes place are also involved in the management of the practice.

An important issue in the practical training of future specialists is to ensure its continuity and consistency in acquiring the necessary amount of practical knowledge, skills and abilities in accordance with different qualification levels: bachelor - master.

In higher educational institutions, students undergo educational, industrial and industrial practice. Educational practice aims to deepen and consolidate the theoretical knowledge of students, develop practical and research skills, familiarize them with modern equipment. It is carried out in junior courses, as a rule, in workshops, laboratories, various training grounds, educational and experimental farms, clinics and other educational support units of higher educational institutions. The forms of conducting educational practice can be different: an excursion to an enterprise or institution, an independent study of their activities through observation or conversations with employees, practical work in production at the workplace, etc.

Training and production practice has as its task to familiarize the student with his future specialty by performing the duties of an understudy, assistant specialist. This allows you to penetrate deeper into the content and technology of future professional activity.

Industrial practice passed by senior students. In the process of this practice, they perform the entire cycle of basic work in their specialty, being at their workplaces, studying a significant area of production and acquiring the skills of organization, management and control. During undergraduate practice, students prepare materials for a graduation project or a thesis.

During the internship, the student must:

Carry out tasks stipulated by the internship program and the internship schedule;

Obey the internal regulations in force at the enterprise, institution, organization;

To study and strictly observe the rules of labor protection and industrial sanitation;

Be responsible for the work performed and its results on an equal basis with full-time employees;

Keep a diary of practice, where you should systematically record the work done;

Provide the head of the practice with a written report on the completion of all tasks and submit a report on the practice.

In order to better familiarize the trainees with the production, excursions to the enterprise or institution are organized, which end with summarizing conversations with managers. During the production practice, production specialists give lectures on issues related to the specifics of the type of production and new technological advances, as well as on economics of organization and management based on the experience of the enterprise.

The management of the place of production practice is assigned to qualified production specialists. The instructors, who are intended to be supervisors of industrial practice, draw up and coordinate its program in advance with the supervisors of production, while paying special attention to the schedule of movement of trainees at their workplaces in accordance with the requirements of the program.

The duties of the head of practice from the educational institution include:

Prior to the start of the practice, go to the enterprise to organize the necessary preparation for the arrival of student interns;

Explain the meaning of the specialty, its features and significance for the enterprise;

Develop an internship schedule;

Create conditions for carrying out all organizational activities before students come to practice (instructing on the procedure for passing the practice, safety precautions and the operating mode of the enterprise);

Ensure the high quality of internship by students and its compliance with curricula and programs;

Organize lectures and seminars on economics, technology, standardization, legal issues, based on curricula and programs, on the bases of practices together with practice leaders from the enterprise;

To exercise control over the provision of normal working conditions for students, their obligatory instructions on labor protection;

Monitor the observance of internal regulations by trainees;

Consider the reports of students on the practice, write reviews about their work and submit to the chairman of the methodological commission a written report on the practice, along with comments and suggestions for improving the practical training of students.

In turn, the head of production practice from the enterprise is obliged to:

Organize the internship of the students assigned to him together with the head of the internship from the educational institution;

To acquaint students with the organization of work at specific workplaces;

To carry out constant monitoring of the work of interns, help them to correctly perform all tasks at the workplace, advise on production issues;

Teach student interns safe work methods;

Control the keeping of diaries, the preparation of reports and draw up characteristics for student interns containing data on the implementation of practice programs and individual tasks, the attitude of students to work.

At the end of the internship, students draw up and submit reports on the implementation of the internship program. Various technical materials are added to the report: drawings, photographs, diagrams, tables, samples of materials, products. The head of the production practice checks the report, after which the trainee makes a test, most often in the form of defending the report in the commission at the place of practice or in a higher educational institution. The test is evaluated according to a four-point system (excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory), while taking into account the characteristics and evaluation of the student's work by the head of practice from the enterprise. In case of an unsatisfactory assessment of the production practice, it is assigned to re-pass it on an individual basis.

All types of internships begin with the Inception Conference, at which the teacher responsible for the practice and representatives of the departments explain to the students the tasks of the practice, the schedule and objects of its implementation, the distribution of groups of students among them and the assignment of consultants-representatives of the departments and production. The internship also ends with a conference where students exchange experiences. Heads of practice, representatives of departments and production indicate ways to improve its passage and professional training of students.

It is no secret that even a well-structured theoretical training is not able to replace the skills and knowledge gained as a result of real activities, developed by trial and error. In order to improve the qualifications of graduates and their value in the labor market, an internship is organized at the enterprise for students. The obligation to conduct it is regulated by law, and the rules and methods of implementation are prescribed by the educational institution based on the characteristics of the educational programs being implemented.

The subtleties of the organization of practical training for university students are prescribed in the Regulations on Practice, adopted by order of the Ministry of Education No. 1154 of 2003. The document protects the legitimate interests of students and the right to receive a high-quality theoretical and practical base. It highlights the following points that should be met by the design of production practice:

For the duration of its passage, students must be paid a scholarship. It does not matter whether they receive a salary at the place of temporary employment.
Practice is organized on the basis of agreements concluded by universities, colleges and technical schools, with companies of a certain type of activity and industry focus.
If the internship involves leaving the region where the educational institution is located, the university is obliged to reimburse its student for the full cost of round-trip tickets and pay travel allowances in the amount of 50% of the norm established by law for employees of enterprises for absence days.

The "rules of the game" for colleges and technical schools organizing practice are established by Order of the Ministry of Education No. 1991 of 1999. They are similar to the principles that apply to universities.

What is the difference between study practice and work practice?

Practice, organized to strengthen and deepen theoretical knowledge, is possible in three formats:

Educational - aims to strengthen the theoretical base received by students, instill the skills of independent and research work, and introduce modern equipment. Such programs are developed for undergraduate students. The main activities for their implementation are excursions to production, observation of the company's work, consultations with its specialists, and practical activities at the workplace.
Training and production - most often carried out in the 3-4 course. Its purpose is to acquaint the student with the content of the future profession. To do this, he goes to the enterprise, where he acts as an assistant to the main specialist (for example, assistant accountant, marketing assistant, etc.).
Production - designed for senior students. They are fully immersed in work in a particular area within the chosen specialty, they learn management and control according to a plan and schedule drawn up in advance. The knowledge and skills gained during the internship can later be used when writing a thesis.

As a rule, any type of practice is preceded by a meeting-conference with the leader, at which the purpose of the upcoming event, its meaning and schedule are brought to the attention of the students. At the end of the cycle, students prepare and submit reports to teachers, where they describe the acquired knowledge and experience.

What is the difference between an internship and an internship?

The conclusions made during the work experience can be used to write a thesis for a master's or bachelor's degree. However, it is not always the final one for the educational cycle and therefore is not always called pre-diploma.

One of the main tasks of the pre-diploma cycle is to conduct analytics and research, draw conclusions, on the basis of which the diploma will be subsequently written. The cycle is intended to be the logical conclusion of training, the impetus for the student to a successful professional life.

Cycle tasks are:

to consolidate the knowledge and experience gained during the production practice;
collect empirical information that will form the basis for writing a thesis.

Making an internship for students: an example

The legislation provides for two options for formalizing an internship: in the form of a contract between a student and a temporary employer, or (suz) and a company ready to take on young personnel. You can use any of these formats.

According to the current legislation, the organization of the practice provided for by the educational program is carried out on the basis of agreements between the university or secondary educational institution and companies of the corresponding profile.

Organizations that take students under their wings are required to enter into labor contracts with them only if there are vacancies. The law allows for the possibility of placing a student on the staff of an organization only if the position offered to him corresponds to the internship program.

The company is not entitled to conclude an employment agreement with a student for an indefinite period. It must be urgent with a justification for the need for employment. For example, the document states: "The contract was concluded for three months in order to undergo undergraduate practice."

A large number of nuances in the registration of students traditionally causes questions and ambiguities among "urgent" employers. Let us analyze the subtleties of registration of emerging legal relations with examples.

Situation 1

Student Ivanov A.B. asks to the company "Romashka" for an internship free of charge. He needs to gain knowledge and experience in order to write a thesis. Do I need to conclude a fixed-term employment contract with him?

According to Art. 37 of the Constitution of Russia, any work must be paid not lower than the minimum level established by law. This means that it is impossible to conclude an employment agreement that involves work on a gratuitous basis.

The law does not oblige Romashka to sign an agreement with an intern. He can be trained in the company without this document.

Situation 2

There are no open vacancies at Gamma. The firm takes on practice students of universities and technical schools. Should she make registration of pre-diploma practice by labor contracts? What should be written in the admission order?

Since there are no open vacancies in the organization, it is not obliged to enter into labor contracts with students. They can work on orders. In the latter, it is unacceptable to use the wording "Employ without enrollment in the state." The best option is to indicate that a person is accepted for an industrial (undergraduate) practice.

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