Astafiev last term summary. Last term analysis of Rasputin's work

Eighty-year old Anna is dying, but still alive. Daughters know this by the misted mirror held to their mother's lips. The eldest daughter, Varvara, considers it possible to start the burial service for her mother. First, she wails at her mother's bedside, and then she goes to the table to cry. There, the second daughter, Lyusya, sews a mourning dress that she tailored back in the city.

Anna had three daughters and two sons, and two more of her sons died. She always lived with her youngest son Mikhail in the village, the rest of the children came to say goodbye to her from the city where they now lived. The old woman was only waiting for her daughter Tanya, who lived in Kyiv. Everyone gathered at the table, the brothers began to drink, not knowing what else to do with themselves, the sisters joined them. Closer to the night, they checked whether the mother was still alive.

The whole next day passed in the usual chores. The children did not know what to do with themselves, waiting for the time when the mother would draw her last breath. Bought in the store white, so that was enough. Ilya and Mikhail again sat down to drink.

Sometimes consciousness returned to the old woman. She moved her eyes, made some semblance of sounds escaping from her chest. The children, gathered around their mother, languished in anticipation of death, felt sorry for their mother and themselves, and “not believing themselves, they wanted it to end soon.”

But the old woman gradually came to life, recognized the children near her, and even asked for thin semolina. She began to remember her children one by one, rejoiced that she saw everyone before her death, worried about their fate, wished to see everyone happy. Only the youngest, Tanya, still did not go. And the old woman near her children came to life, cheered up, started talking. She began to complain about Mikhail - when he drinks, neither his wife nor his mother can live from him.

And Anna saw it the next morning. She was even able to sit on the bed and asked her friend to call Mironikha. Only Tanya still did not go, and the old woman was afraid that she would not wait. She understood that she was no longer living her own life, that God had given her supplements - to see her children. And the children seem to be languishing in anticipation, the sisters are busy with ordinary daily activities, sometimes they quarrel, not sharing something, and the brothers drink. Mikhail even expresses the idea that it would be better for his mother to die after all, since everyone has already arrived. Lucy also does not know how much longer she will have to stay here, leaving all her business at home. We decided to go to the forest for mushrooms. Wandering through the fields, across the arable land, Lucy recalls something dear, long forgotten, realizing that she left something very important here...

Finally met with Mironikha. A few more days passed in conversations and memories, unnecessary, superfluous days. So the children began to gather on the road - it's time to leave. But Tanya never came. And the mother decided that it was time for her to die, so that the children would not come again, since now everyone is here. She died at night.

Picture or drawing Deadline

Creativity Rasputin

Valentin Rasputin is a writer who knows how to convey the national spirit of his people, working within the framework of the traditional school of Russian literature. This is what he has earned recognition both at home and abroad.

Rasputin owes his love for nature and understanding of its subtle beauty to the place of his birth (the native village of the writer was located on the banks of the Angara River). The prose writer has always seen the preservation of natural resources and the spiritual morality of people as the task of his work, because the connection between man and nature is inseparable.

The themes of morality and the relationship of man with nature are reflected in the story "The Deadline". Rasputin reduced the summary of this work to the eternal problem of life and death.

Theme of the story

The fundamental theme on which the entire narrative is built was the problem of morality, or rather its modern understanding. Rasputin considered this story to be the most important in his work. The “Deadline” (a summary of the chapters can be read below) reflected the changes taking place in the thoughts and soul of modern man.

But the theme of the story is much wider and more diverse, it is not limited to one thing. Rasputin raises the following issues in the work: relationships between relatives, old age, causes of alcoholism, attitude to honor and conscience, fear of death.

Rasputin's idea

Rasputin sees the main task of his story "Deadline" in exposing the moral decline of modern society. With the advent of progress, the souls of modern people began to take possession of selfishness, heartlessness, cruelty and callousness. Rasputin wanted to draw the attention of his readers to this. Modern man has lost touch with his roots and nature, has lost the meaning of life, moral guidelines, spiritual wealth.

Anna's image

If we briefly describe the "Deadline", Rasputin Valentin appears as a writer fighting for the preservation of the human soul. And representatives of the older generation become an example of worthy people in his works.

Anna is a dying old woman, but she is not afraid of death. She lived a decent life, was a good mother, was happy, and there were sorrows in her life, but she takes them for granted. The main character is endowed with incredible moral strength, which stems from Anna's belief that a person should be responsible for the life they live.

The image of Anna is idealized by the writer, who sees in ordinary women incredible spiritual strength, the ability to be a real mother and a worthy person.

"Deadline" (Rasputin): summary

Anna is an old woman, life is barely glimmering in her, she is no longer even able to move. Daughters, in order to check if their mother is dead, bring a mirror to her face. Varvara, one of Anna's daughters, considers it possible to start mourning her dying mother, and another daughter, Lucy, is already sewing a black dress.

Anna has five children, but now she has only Varvara, Lyusya and Ilya, and her son Mikhail, who lives in the same village with her mother. The main character is waiting for the arrival of Tanya, who lives in Kyiv. As soon as all the children, except for Tatyana, gather around the dying woman, she seems to be reborn, and the children immediately fall into bewilderment.

The men, not knowing what to do, go to the barn and get drunk there. Gradually, they are seized with fun - the mother is still alive. But the more they drink, the more fear seizes them - the fear of losing Anna, the fear of inevitable death: "death has already noticed everyone in the face and will not forget."

The summary of the book "Deadline" by the author Valentin Rasputin can be continued with a scene describing the next morning. Ilya and Mikhail do not feel well, and in order to get rid of this condition, they decide to get drunk. They compare drinking with gaining freedom, because in a drunken state nothing is holding them back: neither home nor work. They did not always find solace in alcohol, there were days when the collective farm existed, when the whole village worked on the preparation of firewood. Such work was to their liking and brought pleasure.

Lucy also remembers her former life. Previously, the family had a horse - Igren, whom the girl loved very much, but he died from hard overwork. Wandering through the surrounding fields, Lucy recalls that earlier she seemed to feel some direction in her life, as if someone's hand was guiding her, but in the city this feeling disappeared. Rasputin put a lot of thoughts about the former well-being into the story "Deadline". In the words of the heroes, one can hear the cry for an irrevocable life, when everyone lived in harmony with each other and nature.

Anna gradually comes to life and is already able to get up on her own and go out onto the porch. She comes to visit her friend Mironikha. But the old woman's heart is still full of sadness because Tanya won't come. Tanchora, as her own people called her, differed from her brothers and sisters in her gentle human character. But the daughter does not go, and Anna decides to die. In recent years, the old woman has come to terms with the inevitable and even made friends with death. She arranges with her to take her in a dream. That's how everything happens.

Conclusion

So, the story "The Deadline" (Rasputin), a summary of which we have given above, is a vivid illustration of the writer's work and the key to understanding his moral and spiritual ideals. The greatest value of Rasputin, therefore, is the homeland and the connection of a person with his roots.

Old Anna lies motionless, without opening her eyes; she almost froze, but life is still glimmering. Daughters realize this by bringing a piece of a broken mirror to their lips. It fogs up, so mom is still alive. However, Varvara, one of Anna's daughters, considers it possible already to mourn, "repeal her", which she selflessly does first at the bedside, then at the table, "where it is more convenient." Daughter Lucy at this time sews a mourning dress tailored back in the city. The sewing machine chirps to the beat of Varvarin's sobs.

Anna is the mother of five children, her two sons died, the first ones, born one for God, the other for a guy. Varvara came to say goodbye to her mother from the regional center, Lusya and Ilya from nearby provincial towns.

Can't wait for Anna Tanya from distant Kyiv. And next to her in the village was always her son Mikhail, along with his wife and daughter. Having gathered around the old woman in the morning of the day following the arrival, the children, seeing their mother perked up, do not know how to react to her strange rebirth.

“Mikhail and Ilya, having brought vodka, now did not know what to do with them: everything else seemed trifles compared to this, they toiled, as if passing every minute through themselves.” Having huddled in the barn, they get drunk almost without a snack, except for the products that Mikhail Ninka's little daughter carries for them. This causes legitimate female anger, but the first shots of vodka give the peasants a feeling of a genuine holiday. After all, the mother is alive. Ignoring the girl collecting empty and unfinished bottles, they no longer understand what thought they want to drown out this time, maybe it's fear. “The fear from the consciousness that the mother is about to die is not like all the previous fears that fall to them in life, because this fear is the worst of all, it comes from death ... It seemed that death had already noticed them all in the face and already won't forget again."

Having drunk thoroughly and feeling the next day as if they had been put through a meat grinder, Mikhail and Ilya thoroughly get drunk the next day. “But how not to drink? - says Michael. - Day, second, let even a week - it is still possible. What if you don't drink until you die? Just think, there is nothing ahead. All the same. How many ropes hold us both at work and at home, that you can’t gasp, so much you had to do and didn’t do, everything must, must, must, must, and the farther, the more it must - it’s all gone to hell. And I drank, as soon as I got free, I did everything that was necessary. And what he didn’t do, he shouldn’t have done, and he did the right thing, what he didn’t do. This does not mean that Mikhail and Ilya do not know how to work and have never known any other joy, except from drunkenness. In the village where they all once lived together, there was a common work - “friendly, inveterate, sonorous, with a dissonance of saws and axes, with a desperate hoot of fallen woods, resounding in the soul with enthusiastic anxiety with the obligatory joking with each other. Such work happens once during the firewood harvesting season - in the spring, so that they have time to dry over the summer, yellow pine logs that are pleasant to the eye with a thin silky skin lie down in neat woodpile. These Sundays are organized for themselves, one family helps another, which is still possible now. But the collective farm in the village is falling apart, people are leaving for the city, there is no one to feed and raise livestock.

Remembering her former life, the townswoman Lusya with great warmth and joy imagines her beloved horse Igrenka, on which “slap a mosquito, it will fall down”, which in the end happened: the horse died. Igren dragged a lot, but did not manage. Wandering around the village through the fields and arable land, Lucy realizes that she does not choose where she goes, that she is directed by some outsider who lives in these places and professes her power. ... It seemed that life came back, because she, Lucy, forgot something here, lost something very valuable and necessary for her, without which it is impossible ...

While the children are drinking and reminiscing, the old woman Anna, having eaten the children's semolina porridge specially cooked for her, cheers up even more and goes out onto the porch. She is hung by a long-awaited friend Mironikha. “Ochi-mochi! Are you, old woman, alive? Mironikha says. “Why doesn’t death take you? .. I’m going to her wake, I think she chided like a kind one, but she’s still here.”

Anna grieves that Tatyana, Tanchora, as she calls her, is not among the children gathered at her bedside. Tanchora was not like any of the sisters. She stood as if between them with her special character, soft and joyful, human. So without waiting for her daughter, the old woman decides to die. “There was nothing more for her to do in this world, and there was no need to postpone death. While the guys are here, let them bury them, spend it, as usual with people, so that they don’t have to return to this concern another time. Then, you see, Tanchora will come too... The old woman thought about death many times and knew her as herself. In recent years, they have become girlfriends, the old woman often talked to her, and death, having settled down somewhere on the sidelines, listened to her reasonable whisper and sighed understandingly. They agreed that the old woman would leave at night, first she would fall asleep, like all people, so as not to frighten death with open eyes, then she would gently snuggle up, take off her short worldly sleep and give her eternal rest. That's how it all comes out.

retold

V. Rasputin - the story "Deadline". The problem of breaking ties between generations is raised by V. Rasputin in the story "Deadline". The family is a sacrament, a special world, all the inhabitants of which must be united by love, respect for loved ones. It is sad when family ties are weakened and torn. “It is impossible to live and work without the memory of one's people, one's family, one's family. Otherwise, we will be so disconnected, we will feel lonely, that this can destroy us, ”wrote V. Rasputin.

The plot of the story "Deadline" is the farewell of a dying mother with her children. Old Anna gathers her children to see them before she dies. But the joy of the date gives her new strength, and she continues to live. The children are leaving. And she dies at night. The work begins with the following phrase: “The old woman Anna lay on a narrow iron bed near the Russian stove and waited for death, the time for which seemed ripe: the old woman was about eighty.” It ends simply and concisely: "The old woman died at night." There are few events in the story, but it is full of philosophical and moral questions.

The main character, the old woman Anna, is contrasted here with her children. This is a great worker, whose life is simple, at first glance, ordinary. “And the old woman lived uncomplicatedly: she gave birth, worked, briefly fell into bed before a new day ...”. “It’s always the same: the kids were fiddling with something, the cattle were screaming, the garden was waiting, and also the work in the field, in the forest, on the collective farm - an eternal whirlwind in which she had no time to breathe and look around.” In the life of the heroine there was a lot of suffering, misfortune. She survived the war, the death of some children, the death of her husband. But Anna never complained about fate. Faith in God, love for the world, kindness, conscientiousness, patience and humility lived in her soul. The life of the heroine reminds us of the life of the righteous. “And she never envied anyone, no matter how well he lived and no matter how beautiful his face went ... - for her it was no better than wanting someone else's mother in her mother or someone else's child in her children. Your life is your beauty. In another place we read: “To manage her life for her was either a joy, or a torment - a painful joy, she did not know where they converged and where they diverged and which of them was more useful for her, she accepted them for herself, for her continuation. ... ”Anna humbly endures all the trials that have befallen her. She lives in the family of the eldest son Mikhail, but tries not to annoy him with her position, illness. Bedridden, dying, she asks the children not to quarrel, to make peace with each other, to always remember that they are a family. Even on her deathbed, she aspires to the living, to what will remain after her. All the dreams of the heroine are that harmony reigned between sons and daughters. The mother is not able to condemn them even when they clearly deserve it. She can only feel sorry for them, although "why she regretted, she herself did not know, she could not understand." In her last days, she remembers and worries about her lonely friend Mironikha, sends her children to visit her.

The heroine of Rasputin is a very spiritual, wise person. Before dying, she thinks: what do we live for? “I wonder where her life will go?” “Know at least why and for what she lived?”. The image of the old woman Anna in the story is inextricably linked with the image of the House as a kind of spiritual center, the foundation of personality. Children have forgotten their parents' home, almost never visit their mother. Tanchora, her beloved daughter, did not even respond to a telegram about her mother's death, she did not come at all. The children who arrived, Ilya, Lyusya, Valentina, behave low, unworthy. It was not love that brought them all together, but a duty, a desire to comply with formalities. The unexpected recovery of the mother causes them not joy, but confusion and annoyance. As if the mother called them in vain, confused their plans. In the misfortune that befell the family, they keep apart, scold each other, Mikhail and Ilya get drunk. “The reminder of the dying mother did not let go, but did not torment them much: what had to be done, they did - one gave the news, the other arrived, and now they brought vodka together - everything else depended on the mother herself or on someone there still, but not from them - do not really dig a grave for an unprepared person!

The death of a mother is a serious test for her adult children. Perhaps none of them can stand it. The old woman Anna seems to expose the inner world of her children, shines through it with the rays of her soul. We see selfishness, moral deafness, dishonesty in these heroes. Mikhail tries to alleviate his mother's suffering by deceiving her, saying that he asked his sister Tanchora not to come. The children leave without even waiting for Anna's death, although she asks them to stay longer.

Thus, according to the writer, one should not forget one's own House, one's parents, one's family. In this case, the moral foundations of both the individual and the whole society as a whole collapse.

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Deadline

1970

Brief summary of the story.

Having drunk thoroughly and feeling the next day as if they had been put through a meat grinder, Mikhail and Ilya thoroughly get drunk the next day. “But how not to drink? Mikhail says. - A day, a second, even a week - it is still possible. What if you don't drink until you die? Just think, there is nothing ahead. All the same. How many ropes hold us both at work and at home, that you can’t gasp, so much you had to do and didn’t do, everything must, must, must, must, and the farther, the more you have to - it’s all gone to hell. And I drank, as soon as I got free, I did everything that was necessary. And what he didn’t do, he shouldn’t have done, and he did the right thing, what he didn’t do. This does not mean that Mikhail and Ilya do not know how to work and have never known any other joy, except from drunkenness. In the village, where they all once lived together, common work took place - “friendly, inveterate, sonorous, with a dissonance of saws and axes, with a desperate hoot of fallen woods, resounding in the soul with enthusiastic anxiety with the obligatory joking with each other. Such work happens once during the firewood harvesting season - in the spring, so that they have time to dry over the summer, yellow pine logs, pleasant to the eye, with a thin silky skin, lie down in neat woodpile. These Sundays are organized for themselves, one family helps another, which is still possible now. But the collective farm in the village is falling apart, people are leaving for the city, there is no one to feed and raise livestock.

Anna grieves that Tatyana, Tanchora, as she calls her, is not among the children gathered at her bedside. Tanchora was not like any of the sisters. She stood as if between them with her special character, soft and joyful, human. So without waiting for her daughter, the old woman decides to die. “There was nothing more for her to do in this world, and there was no need to postpone death. While the guys are here, let them bury them, spend it, as usual with people, so that they don’t have to return to this concern another time. Then, you see, Tanchora will also come ... The old woman thought about death many times and knew her as herself. In recent years, they have become friends, the old woman often talked to her, and death, having settled down somewhere on the sidelines, listened to her reasonable whisper and sighed understandingly. They agreed that the old woman would leave at night, first fall asleep, like all people, so as not to frighten death with her eyes open, then she would gently snuggle up, remove her short worldly sleep and give her eternal rest. That's how it all comes out.

Analysis of the story "Deadline".

The plot of the work is simple: the old woman Anna dies, she is waiting for the arrival of her children. In total, she has 5 children, only her son Mikhail lives with her mother, the eldest daughter Varvara lives in the district town, Lyusya and Ilya live in the regional town, the youngest daughter Tanya lives far away. Old Anna, the ideal hero of the outgoing folk character, experienced: the war, the insults of her husband, the upbringing of children, but managed to save her soul: "No one will be you instead of you." She does not envy anyone, she believes that everyone has their own share of grief and joy, but she dies because she has outlived her portion of life. He is not afraid of death, but perceives it as part of fate and life: "once it was a blade of grass, but it will become a flower." She hears the gospel.

In this work, the author posed the problem of generations. Children have become different, this can be seen from their attitude towards death: they cannot take death for granted, waiting for death is occupied with rituals. Varvara teaches crying, Lucy sews a black dress, and her sons drink a box of vodka in a bathhouse, they do not feel the scale of the loss. On the first day, an illusion of family was created in the house, on the second, the children felt guilty and their memory began to awaken, nature reminds of childhood, on the third day, the family broke up, everyone left. When everyone left the house, the mother dies, one can say that she dies alone and abandoned by everyone, such is the memory and gratitude of the children. The old woman considers herself guilty that the children grew up different. They have become envious, they strive for material accumulation, they have become detached from the earth, they have become detached from their roots. Old Anna does not like the city, she believes that a woman is a state creature. She looks to see if she looks like the others, and the woman shows that she had a mother and a grandmother. Many Russian writers addressed the problem of the continuity of generations, for example: I. S. Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. In my opinion, the work is still relevant today, since children should always remember and respect their parents, their home, remember their roots.