Belarusian education system. History of education in Belarus

Today Belarus is a highly developed state that does not lag behind European countries. The literacy rate of people is quite high and now stands at 99%. The percentage of the population with secondary, secondary vocational education is 98%. Now education in Belarus is well funded. In this regard, the country is not inferior to European powers. In this developed state there are more than 8 thousand secondary, higher and special educational institutions, in which about 3 million people study.

Education system of the Republic of Belarus

The Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus allowed people to receive basic, additional and special education free of charge. It meets all international standards.

By the level of education Belarus took the 21st place, after the European highly developed countries. The rating was compiled by the UN Development Program.

Education in Belarus now has a fairly high level, which is evidenced by the fact that this state was admitted to the European Higher Education Area in 2015.

Vocational and secondary specialized education

The Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus took care of vocational and secondary specialized education, which has been functioning perfectly since the times of the USSR, which cannot be said about the CIS countries. The Belarusian experience is used by many countries, including even Russia. There are about 200 colleges in the republic, which annually graduate 35 thousand people in various specialties. Secondary specialized education in Belarus provides an opportunity to get 130 institutions that annually train 40,000 people. Colleges in Belarus have an excellent technical base, thanks to which qualified specialists emerge from there in a couple of years.

Today, a lot of people leave school after the 9th grade and go to get a special secondary education. The best places to do this are colleges.

Colleges

In Belarus, colleges can be entered by citizens of this country, foreigners and stateless people from the age of 17, if they have a secondary education.

It is allowed to combine studies in colleges with studies in another institution.

Admission to colleges in Belarus is based on the results of entrance exams, which contain tests in several subjects. They must be determined and compiled by the teachers of this institution.

Colleges in Belarus are enrolled on a competitive basis, the best will be determined by entrance exams or interview results.

Entrance examinations will be carried out by order of the rector, that is, he must decide where it will be held, at what time and when it is necessary to carry documents for enrollment.

Admission

In order for an applicant to be enrolled in college, he needs to bring the necessary papers within the specified time. As a rule, this is a document on secondary education, a passport, a medical certificate, a document that confirms that you have completed preparatory courses (optional), 6 photographs and an application addressed to the rector, which will need to be written at the college itself.

Without entrance exams can enter the budget:

Winners of international olympiads.
Winners of various regional competitions.
Applicants who have a secondary education with a medal.
Orphans.
People who graduated from a cadet school.

Popular colleges in Belarus

To date, the most popular are the Minsk College of Entrepreneurship, the Minsk College of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Minsk College of Business and Law. It is they who occupy the leading places in the rating of 300 institutions throughout Belarus. Of course, it will be quite difficult to enter there, but if you are aimed at this, study, try, and you will definitely succeed.

Higher education

Higher education in Belarus provides an opportunity to get 52 institutions, of which 9 are privately owned. Every year they train about 70 thousand highly qualified specialists.

Specialists are trained in 16 profiles, which include 350 specialties of both first and second degrees. In the republic, higher education can be obtained in full-time and part-time forms of education.

Higher education institutions provide an opportunity to choose the language in which the educational process will take place. It can be Belarusian, Russian or English for foreigners. There are 120 organizations in the country that have postgraduate studies, and 60 institutions that have doctoral studies, where scientists are trained.

Higher education institutions in Belarus cooperate with enterprises of the country and with international companies. Such, for example, is the Belarusian State University. After graduation, students should be offered a job, which is a huge plus, given the high unemployment rate. It is worth noting pedagogical universities in Belarus, thanks to which about 10 thousand talented teachers appear annually, and the state helps them in finding employment.

Higher education for foreign citizens

For foreigners who are going to enter higher education institutions, but do not have citizenship, there are separate rules in Belarus. Foreigners can get an education:

At the expense of the state or for a fee - this is in line with all international treaties.
On a paid basis - foreign citizens can enter the university after the final certification, when they master the educational program.
Another option for admission on a paid basis is that an interview will be held, where a foreigner must show the level of knowledge of the Belarusian or Russian language.

The cost of higher education

During the introductory company, each applicant wants to enter the budget. But there are far fewer places than those willing to take them. Those people who could not pass on the budget can use the paid form of training. As a rule, in different universities - different cost of education.

Today, the Belarusian State University is considered the most expensive higher education institution in Belarus. Students who study in it need to pay an average of 63,000 rubles a year. And the highest prices are at the Faculty of International Relations. Oddly enough, in Belarus it is now considered the most popular specialty.

The second place is occupied by the Belarusian State Economic University. The cost of education in this institution will cost an average of 47,000 rubles a year.

The top three is closed by Gomel State University. For a year of study at this prestigious university, you need to pay about 46,000 rubles.

The cheapest education can be found, as a rule, in non-prestigious universities, one of which is the Private Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, where the price for all specialties is almost the same and amounts to 16,000 rubles per year of study. Next to it is the Institute of Entrepreneurship, in which you will need to pay about 16,500 rubles for a year of study. In this institution of higher education, the cost of education in all specialties is the same.

If we consider all Belarusian universities, then the average tuition fee is 28,000-37,000 rubles. For example, pedagogical universities in Belarus accept students on a fee basis if they are willing to pay 35,000 rubles. For the entire period of study, a student who studies on a paid basis must pay more than 140,000 rubles.

Belarus has a developed education system that provides training for a wide range of specialists who are ready to work effectively in the modern world. The literacy rate of the adult population, according to the 2009 census, is 99.6%, the coverage of the employed population with basic, general secondary and vocational education is 98%. In terms of enrollment of children in primary and secondary schools, the number of students of higher educational institutions per 10,000 population, Belarus is at the level of developed countries in Europe and the world. Higher education in the republic is prestigious and affordable.

The state policy in the field of education is based on strengthening the leading principles for the development of the Belarusian school, including:

state-public nature of management;

ensuring the principle of justice, equal access to education;

improving the quality of education for everyone.

Currently, there are about 8,000 educational institutions operating in the country, representing all its levels, in which more than 200,000 teachers provide education and upbringing for about 2 million children, pupils, students and trainees.

It should be noted that according to the results of 2015, 8 universities of the country were included in the TOP-4000 of the Webometrics international university ranking. BSU once again improved its position (2014 - 673rd place, 2015 - 609th place).

May 2015 Belarus officially became a member Bologna process– European Higher Education Area.

The highest advisory body in the system of higher education is the Republican Council of Rectors of Higher Educational Institutions (established by Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated February 8, 2001 No. 71).

Higher education in the republic is prestigious and at the same time remains affordable. Enrollment in higher educational institutions is carried out on a competitive basis based on the results of centralized testing. The form of education can be full-time, evening or part-time. All graduates of higher educational institutions of various forms of ownership receive a state diploma. Young specialists who have received higher education at the expense of the budget on a full-time basis are guaranteed employment in their specialty.

The Higher School of the Republic of Belarus takes into account in its development the world experience, existing trends and fulfills the accepted international obligations. Cooperation is carried out within the framework of UNESCO, the CIS, the Union State of Belarus and the Russian Federation.

In Belarus, institutions of higher education can be of various types: classical universities, specialized universities (academy, conservatory), institutes, higher colleges.

The training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel is carried out in postgraduate, doctoral studies of institutions (organizations) implementing educational programs of postgraduate education. The country has an extensive network of educational institutions of the system of advanced training and retraining of personnel.

Belarusian education is highly valued in the world, so many foreign students choose educational institutions in Belarus to study.

On January 13, 2011, the President of the Republic of Belarus signed the Code of the Republic of Belarus on Education adopted on December 2, 2010 by the House of Representatives and approved on December 22, 2010 by the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus. The Code provides for the creation on the basis of established legal institutions of a single, integral mechanism for the legal regulation of educational relations, provides for the systematization and streamlining of legal norms, a reduction in the number of normative legal acts in this area, as well as the elimination of other existing shortcomings in the regulation of educational relations. At the same time, the norms of the Code ensure the continuity of the legal regulation of the educational sphere and do not provide for conceptual changes in these relations. Structurally, the Code of the Republic of Belarus on Education consists of the General and Special parts, which consistently and systematically set out the established and justified legal norms, as well as the norms required by the current state of educational relations.

The eleven-year school education is divided into three stages:

general primary education (grades 1-4);
general basic education (grades 5-9);
general secondary education (grades 10-11).

General Primary and General Basic Education(Grades 1 - 9) are compulsory. Children enter first grade at the age of 6. Textbooks are issued in the school library. Every year, the Ministry of Education decides on the amount of a single fee for the use of textbooks and teaching aids for each class (about 5 USD), which is approximately one third of the cost of the set. The Code of the Republic of Belarus on Education establishes the categories of students who are partially or completely exempted from paying for textbooks.

The school teaches on two official languages— Russian and Belarusian: the Belarusian language and literature, the history of the country are taught only in Belarusian, but it is planned to expand the list of Belarusian-language disciplines. There are schools entirely with the Belarusian language of instruction.

Foreign language At school they start learning from the 3rd grade. The most common taught foreign languages:

English (about 72% of students);
German (20%);
French (6%);
Spanish (1.9%).

About 0.1% of schoolchildren study other languages. To study a foreign language, the class is divided into three subgroups for greater individualization of classes. The number of hours allocated for the study of a foreign language ranges from 2 hours per week in an ordinary secondary school to 6 in a specialized one.

Senior students in class

Particular attention in school education is given to physical culture and sports. Three hours a week are allotted for physical education and sports at school. School stadiums in all districts and cities without exception are fenced and brought into line with sports and sanitary standards.

The main subjects at the school are studied within a five-day week, on Saturday there are sports sections and extracurricular activities. In addition, the Republic has preserved and is developing additional education system: circles, sections, interest groups. Most of these classes are free of charge. Each city district has a center for additional education for children and youth.

In some cities there are educational and production complexes that, within the framework of the school educational component, enable students at the level of general secondary education to receive a working specialty (cook, tailor, gardener, salesman, hairdresser, locksmith, and others). Upon successful completion of these educational institutions, students are assigned the 2nd or 3rd working category or category.

Teachers in Belarus

The work of teachers of the Republic of Belarus is based on the provisions of the Education Code. According to the qualification requirements and the results of passing the attestation commission, all teachers are qualified:

teachers without a category;
teachers of the second qualification category;
teachers of the first qualification category;
teachers of the highest qualification category.

To pass certification for the second category, at least 2 years of teaching experience are required, for subsequent ones - at least three years from the date of assignment of the previous category. Teachers of the highest qualification category periodically undergo certification and confirm the category. In the certification procedure for teachers, the main attention is paid to the effectiveness of teaching the academic discipline (indicators at subject Olympiads, competitions, scientific conferences, and other educational competitions). All teachers of the Republic are trained and certified in information technology. The country has developed and operates a system for advanced training of teaching staff.

Level teacher's salary is determined by the number of teaching load (one rate - 20 teaching hours per week), pedagogy, category. On average in the republic, it amounts to 300-500 USD, which is less than the average wage in the country.

Teachers carry a fairly high educational, methodological, educational, ideological load. Most teachers are class teachers. Every week they hold class and information hours, organize the work of the weekend club, are on duty at the school and the canteen, regularly work with parents, interact with law enforcement agencies, public organizations. Particular attention in the country is given to ideological work, the formation of a student's integral personality. The teacher, together with the board of trustees, participates in the development of the material and technical base of the educational institution. In schools, they still deliver waste paper, and in rural areas - scrap metal.

Canteen duty

In accordance with school informatization program are gradually moving to the "electronic journal" system. In all schools, class teachers independently enter final grades into a single republican database. A system is being developed for prompt placement of information on attendance and academic performance on educational resources.

Exams

Rules for holding final exams school has changed a bit since 2015. At the end of grade 11, a mandatory exam in the history of Belarus is introduced. At the same time, he was excluded from the final exams in the 9th grade. The elective exam has also been cancelled. Upon completion of general basic education (grade 9), students take the Belarusian language, Russian language and mathematics (all in writing). Graduates of the 11th grade take exams in mathematics (in writing), a foreign language (oral on examination cards), history of Belarus (orally on examination tickets), Belarusian / Russian language (in writing, at the choice of the student). Students from national minorities can take exams in their target languages (Polish or Lithuanian).

Entry exams in the Republic of Belarus are organized similarly to the principles of the Unified State Examination in Russia. The Republican Institute for Knowledge Control has developed technologies centralized testing (CT). The Ministry of Education has approved a list of two compulsory subjects for each specialty, for which the applicant must submit a certificate upon admission. In the process of preparation, the student can take paid rehearsal testing. The CT subjects include the Russian language, the Belarusian language, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, foreign languages, the history of Belarus, modern world history, social science, and geography. Based on the test results, an assessment is made on a 100-point scale. Minimum scores for entrance examinations are set annually. For some specialties, creativity tests are provided.

Education after school

Vocational education in the Republic of Belarus is carried out on the basis of general secondary and general basic education. 119 vocational lyceums, 15 vocational schools, 61 vocational colleges, 15 vocational schools provide students with the development of professional knowledge, skills and abilities, the assignment of qualifications for workers and employees.

Higher education in the Republic of Belarus provide 45 state higher educational institutions, 10 educational institutions of private ownership.

In Belarus, the licensing of educational activities of all higher educational institutions is mandatory, regardless of the form of ownership. The National Higher School trains specialists in 365 specialties, in more than 2,000 specializations, which practically satisfies all the needs of the national economy.

In 2002, Belarus acceded to the 1997 Lisbon Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications Relating to Higher Education in the European Region. This simplified the procedure for recognizing diplomas from Belarusian higher educational institutions and helped attract foreign students to study in Belarus. More than 10% of foreign students are currently studying at the Belarusian State Medical University.

There are budget and paid training. For admission to a paid department, the same rules are followed when passing centralized testing as for a budget one, including the minimum passing scores. The cost of paid education for citizens of the Republic of Belarus is approximately two times less than for foreign citizens. The cost for high-tech and medical specialties is higher than others and can be up to 3000-4000 USD per year. Some educational institutions provide discounts on fees depending on the performance of the student. Most higher education institutions have comfortable hotel-type dormitories; in 2014, at the World Hockey Championship, guests of the capital were hosted by a modern student village.

Student Village in Minsk

The structure of higher education includes two levels. The first stage provides higher education qualifications and gives the right to hold relevant positions. The second stage (master's) prepares specialists in the field of science, higher and secondary specialized education, government bodies, for senior positions in all sectors of the economy.

Belarusian education is highly valued all over the world, therefore studying in Belarus attracts many foreign students

Preschool education

Belarus has a well-developed system of pre-school education. And although it is not mandatory, most kids attend preschool before they go to school.

School education in Belarus

School education in Belarus starts at the age of 6 and provides for two levels: general basic and general secondary. Well basic schools are designed for 9 years, middle- on the 11 years. Having successfully completed basic school, young people have the opportunity to continue their education in colleges, lyceums and vocational schools, where they simultaneously receive secondary education and vocational training. Those who wish can receive a general secondary education by continuing their studies at school. A certificate of general secondary or secondary special education is the main document that gives the right to enter a higher educational institution.

Belarus education system uses two official languages – Russian and Belarusian.

Further education in Belarus

Belarus has one of the highest student-to-population ratios in Europe. Higher education in the republic is prestigious and affordable. Professional and scientific training of students is carried out by both public and private higher educational institutions of various types:

classical universities

specialized universities and academies

institutions

higher colleges

Entering a higher educational institution, a future student chooses a form of education, which can be daytime, evening or part-time.

The training program in higher educational institutions of the republic is designed for 4-6 years. Full-time students who do well receive a scholarship. All graduates of higher educational institutions of various forms of ownership receive a state diploma.

In Belarus, all institutions of higher education, both public and private, are subordinate to the Ministry of Education.

In May 2015, she officially became a member Bologna process– European Higher Education Area.

Can foreign students study at universities in Belarus?

Lot foreign students study in higher educational institutions of Belarus. Education for citizens of other states, as a rule, is paid. His price depends on the chosen specialty, form of study and educational institution.

How do foreign students enter universities in Belarus?

After the applicant has chosen a specialty and a higher educational institution, he should apply to the university to receive an invitation to study. To do this, the following documents are sent to the educational institution:

application form of a foreign citizen (samples are posted on the websites of universities);

a notarized copy of the document on education indicating the subjects studied and the grades (points) received on them in the exams;

a notarized copy of the birth certificate;

a copy of the pages of the national (or foreign) passport with a photo, surname;

a notarized copy of a medical report on the state of health, confirming the possibility of studying in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus, certified by the official health authorities of the country sending the candidate to study.

Then you need to apply for a visa allowing entry to the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

Upon arrival in Belarus, the following package of documents is provided for consideration by the admission committee of the university:

application form of the established form for admission to training;

original documents on education indicating the subjects studied and the grades (points) received on them at the exams;

the original medical report on the state of health, confirming the possibility of studying a foreign citizen in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus, certified by the official health authorities of the country sending the candidate to study;

medical certificate of the absence of HIV infection, issued by the official health authority of the country of arrival of the candidate for study;

duly certified copy of the birth certificate;

6 or 8 photographs 4x6 cm.

A national passport with a visa to enter the Republic of Belarus is presented by a foreign citizen in person.

Documents can be submitted both in Belarusian or Russian, as well as in English, French, Spanish, German. In this case, it is necessary to attach their translation into Belarusian or Russian, certified by a notary.

The language of instruction in the universities of the republic is Russian or Belarusian. Most foreign students need to take a one-year language course in Belarus at the faculty of pre-university training of an educational institution before starting their studies.

Accommodation for international students

All higher educational institutions of Belarus have housing departments who provide assistance in obtaining a temporary residence permit, help to find a place of residence. Most students live in student hostels. It's comfortable and fairly cheap.

Where can you study?

In Belarus, more than 50 institutions of higher education.

In September, about 1 million students will go to educational institutions in Belarus, and many of them are not citizens of this country. Two official languages are accepted for study in these institutions of Belarus - these are Belarusian and Russian. Ties between Russia and Belarus have always been strong.

The preschool education system is designed to prepare children for schooling, to give them a start in the world of knowledge. About a year before school, preparatory classes for kids are held in kindergarten groups, with the goal of a painless transition to school for the next year. By the age of 6, children begin to receive a school course, which, depending on the level (basic and intermediate), will last 9 or 11 years.

After 9 years of study, you can choose several ways to develop your future: secondary education at school, vocational school or college, where you can get a fairly prestigious education. In vocational schools, not only a profession is given, but also secondary education according to a standard school curriculum. The main document confirming training is a certificate of secondary, secondary special or secondary vocational education. Any of these documents is the main one for admission to the university. Higher education is the last step in the educational system of the country. It is from universities that the best specialists come out. The quality of training and education in Belarus is very high, as the state pays a lot of attention to it.

Higher education in Belarus is at a very high level and covers a very significant proportion of school graduates. These indicators became possible due to the availability of educational institutions in the country. To receive scientific knowledge, students come both to state higher institutions and private ones. In total, there are 50 universities in Belarus. Private educational institutions are subdivided into the classical system, academies, institutes and colleges that produce specialists at the level of higher education. Also, a private university can be narrowly focused. In Belarus, private higher institutions are not afraid, since education in them is controlled and supported at all stages by state structures.

The form of study can be chosen by the student upon admission. There is a full-time form of education, evening, convenient for students who have a job and part-time for students, for example, from another city. Full-time education, as a rule, lasts for 5 years. Students who have chosen this system of education, with successful studies, can count on state support in the form of scholarships. In all universities, regardless of whether they belong to the state or private individuals, a state standard diploma is issued. The subordination of all universities of the country goes to the Ministry of Education of Belarus.

Foreign citizens also study at higher educational institutions, but mostly on a paid basis. The fee in different institutions is not the same and depends on the specialty and form of education. It is not difficult for a foreign citizen to enter a Belarusian university. The main thing is to contact the one you like and provide a certain package of documents, namely:

questionnaire on the model of the university;
copy of the passport;
a copy of the birth certificate certified by a notary;
certificate, with an insert of grades in the studied subjects or their certified copies;
medical documents aimed at certifying the possibility of the student's residence on the territory of Belarus (whether the climate is suitable). Documents must be issued by a medical institution in the country of permanent residence of the applicant.

Upon admission to the university, the student must replace all copies of the submitted documents with ice caps and provide standard photos for documents. Of course, studying in the country is impossible without obtaining a Belarus visa. Another requirement of universities upon admission is the provision of a medical certificate stating that the student does not have HIV infection.

The student submits documents for admission to the institute personally. Belarusian laws in the education system are quite loyal and allow you to submit documents to a university even in foreign languages, for example: German, Spanish or English, although in such cases a translation certified by a notary may be required.

If a student who came to study in the country does not speak Russian and Belarusian, he will most likely have to take an additional course of study, approximately within a year. Usually universities themselves do this work as part of the general preparation for the admission of applicants. Of course, it is not necessary to study languages in Belarus. It is easiest for Russian students to enter universities in this country.

Training programs provide for many nuances. For example, providing non-resident students with housing takes place in each educational institution with the help of a special department. For foreign students, the same department helps to find accommodation and obtain a residence permit in the country. Most often, student hostels are assigned to higher educational institutions. This type of housing is quite cheap for students, although living there is quite cozy and comfortable.