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He graduated from the seven-year school, studied at the Sobolevsky Pedagogical School. For family reasons, he went to Transbaikalia to his brother-border guard, where he continued his studies. Soon he returned to Smolensk. In 1938 he graduated from the workers' faculty at the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and entered the State Pedagogical Institute.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he joined the Moscow militia. February 23, 1942 was seriously wounded and hospitalized. Soon he was commissioned from the army due to illness with the second group of disability. He worked at the Zima station in the Irkutsk region as an elementary school teacher, head of the methodological office, head of the district department of education. He completed his studies at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute named after Lenin, having received a diploma as a teacher of history.

After the liberation of the Smolensk region, Ryabkov returned to his native land in December 1943. He worked as a teacher, director of a secondary school, in charge of the Monastyrshinsky district department of public education, second, and then first secretary of the Smolensk regional committee of the Komsomol.

In 1949-1952 he studied at the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1952 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "The development of capitalist relations in the peasant economy in the late 18th - first third of the 19th centuries."

Returning to Smolensk, he headed the department of science and educational institutions of the regional party committee, at the same time headed the department of history in the regional Soviet party school, and lectured at the pedagogical institute. From 1957 until his death, he connected his life with the Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute. He headed the Department of National History, was the dean of the Faculty of History, vice-rector of the institute for scientific work.

Ryabkov specializes in the history of agriculture and the peasantry of Russia in the era of feudalism. He deeply studied the documents of the State Archives of the Smolensk Region and other adjacent provinces and regions on this issue.

In 1970, under the guidance of Academicians B.D. Grekov and M.V. Nechkina successfully defended his doctoral dissertation. Theoretical views and the results of many years of research are presented in the books “The Peasant Movement in the Smolensk Province during the Decomposition of Serfdom”, “Smolensk Landlord Peasants in the Late 18th – First Half of the 19th Centuries”, as well as in numerous articles.

Ryabkov was the initiator and leader of the Smolensk Village expedition, which lasted more than twenty years.

In the archive of the Smolensk region, the G.T. Ryabkov, which contains a large array of documents, printed materials, manuscripts of the scientist.

He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st (04/06/1985) and 2nd degrees, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1948), and medals.

I.N. Belyaev. Devotees of the land of Smolensk

Georgy Trofimovich Serov, Guard Major, Commander of the Rifle Battalion of the 167th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 1st Guards Rifle Division of the Moscow Red Banner Order of Suvorov, was born in 1915 in the village of Sharlyk, Orenburg Region, into a peasant family. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1944. He graduated from high school, worked as a propagandist in the district committee of the Komsomol, a teacher. In July 1941, from the fourth year of the Oryol State Pedagogical Institute, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the Oryol Military Infantry School, from which he graduated in 1942.

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War from April 1942 to October 1944, he fought on the Kalinin, 1st Baltic, 3rd Belorussian fronts, participated in the liberation of the Kalinin region and the Soviet Baltic republics, in defeating the enemy on the territory of East Prussia. Twice wounded. He was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union G. T. Serov was awarded posthumously on March 24, 1945 for courage and bravery shown during the crossing of the Neman River, capturing and holding a bridgehead on the western bank of the river and skillful leadership of the battalion.

Combat Serov distinguished himself in battle by his amazing perseverance, courage and speed of action. Here are the lines of his combat characteristics, dated November 14, 1944:

“Disciplined, initiative, has sufficient combat experience. In offensive combat operations, he shows the ability to lead and maneuver his battalion. In battle, he quickly navigates the situation and makes his own decisions.

His commanding maturity was most clearly manifested in the Belarusian offensive operation and in subsequent battles in the Baltic states and East Prussia, where he accomplished feat after feat.

On June 23, 1944, Major Serov's battalion was assigned a combat mission: to break through the heavily fortified enemy defenses at the Vydritsa-Nuts line of the Orsha region and continue the offensive. After artillery preparation, the battalion went on the attack. The commander ran in the chains of the attackers and, together with everyone, shouted "Hurrah." The Nazis in the trenches were so suppressed by fire that they could no longer resist. Bursting into the trench with several fighters, the battalion commander engaged in hand-to-hand combat. In these battles, the battalion destroyed many Nazis, captured 200 soldiers and officers.

On July 14, Major Serov and his battalion crossed the Neman River near the village of Zhnevnerishki, Alytus District, Lithuanian SSR. Having crossed first, the battalion commander in the occupied bridgehead led both the crossing and the defense. Serov appeared where it was difficult, and inspired the fighters to a feat. In 30 minutes, he managed to transport all his units to the left bank,

The next day, the battalion withstood a strong onslaught of the enemy, while destroying six tanks and almost two infantry battalions. When the machine gunner was killed, Serov himself shot fifty Nazis point-blank from a light machine gun. The bridgehead was held.

Literature:

1. V. P. Rossovsky "Golden Stars of the Orenburg Region". Biographical guide. Chelyabinsk, South Ural book publishing house, 1989. - 512 p. Page 383–384.

Petrovsky S. Memories of Serov

The material for memoirs about the Hero of the Soviet Union Serov Georgy Trofimovich was personal impressions of communicating with him and his friends in his youth, documents, letters to parents, stories of relatives, articles published at different times in newspapers, Kuznetsov P. G.’s book “Proletarskaya, Moscow, Minsk.

FRIENDS DO NOT LEAVE

“Where you fell, in what battle I don’t know, But he died for glorious deeds, So that the country, your native land, Was more beautiful and happier!”

Human memory is not only not eternal, but sometimes it is not true. Much is forgotten, being erased forever, something through the thickness of years looks distorted. Until this happens, I would like to tell you about my wonderful friend Georgy Serov, with whom we spent our school years together. He gave his young life for us, for those who survived in the heat of war, for those who now live and for those who will come into this world. To the best of my modest literary abilities, I wanted to draw a true portrait of my friend of youth George, a man of unusual fate, rare courage and exceptional willpower. I think I succeeded - for a long time we walked through life side by side. I still see him alive, I hear his voice. A smile, a gait, a manner of turning one's head clearly stand before one's eyes.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, speaking of veterans, emphasized: “I don’t know how many sublime words in the world can express the wonderful qualities of a real person, but each of these words is worthy of a Soviet person - a soldier, patriot, participant in the Great Patriotic War. These simple and modest people showed unparalleled courage, contempt for death, courage, intelligence, resourcefulness, and an unbending will to win.” His words are directly related to Georgy Trofimovich Serov and his fellow countryman, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Guards Colonel-General Alexander Ilyich Rodimtsev, and to all other participants in the war, famous and unknown.

SEROV FAMILY

In the northeast of the Orenburg region, in the steppe, there is an unremarkable village of Sharlyk. The Serovs lived on Krestyanskaya Street. Trofim Andreevich, the head of a large family (four sons and two daughters), looked strict, in the village he was known as an intelligent person who knew how to live, did not smoke, did not drink, did not use foul language, was laconic and hardworking. He was engaged in agriculture. He joined the collective farm when it was organized in their village, and worked there conscientiously.

In those days, in our steppe places, no one was engaged in gardening, the Serovs were the first in the village to plant shrubs in the garden: currants, gooseberries, raspberries. To the table they always had not only their own vegetables, but also berries. He rarely smiled, but he was kind, he knew how to defuse small, imminent conflicts with a joke, a joke, but there were no major conflicts in the Serov family. He knew a lot of sayings and proverbs. Nina Matveevna Vasilyeva recalled one case in the Serov family. Somehow they managed to persuade her to sit down with them at the table, drink a glass of tea. Then Trofim Andreevich said that they don’t drink one glass at all if they don’t want to be left alone for life. Further more. "God loves trinity. We must also drink the third glass,” said the owner of the house. His voice sounded soft and sincere, and mischievous lights jumped in his eyes. Nina Matveevna no longer knew what to do when Serov Sr. offered her a fourth glass, justifying this by the fact that the house was being built on four corners. Akulina Alekseevna helped out, guessing that endless tea drinking was planned.

George's parents were believers, but did not prevent their children from joining the Komsomol, the party, even participating in atheistic work. Moreover, they often allowed endless disputes on religious topics and did not get angry if the children, especially George, gained the upper hand in these disputes. Trofim Andreevich subscribed to newspapers, agricultural magazines, "Science and Life", "Around the World". He collected natural gas and a liquid similar to kerosene that covered the surface of rivers and ponds, sent them to Moscow, to research institutes to determine their usefulness for the national economy. He died at the age of 70 on December 31, 1949.

Akulina Andreevna - the mother of the Hero was a sincere woman and a respected person. The whole family loved her and obeyed. An example was set by Trofim Andreevich, who treated his wife with care and respect. After the death of her sister, Akulina Alekseevna adopted her daughter Nyura. Raised, raised and married. Akulina Alekseevna also treated her neighbors kindly, often stayed to sit with their children, lent money. When the war began and the men went to the front, the family became more united. They experienced all the hardships of wartime together - the daughters-in-law worked, Akulina Alekseevna raised her grandchildren. The eldest granddaughter Anna, who studied at the institute during the war, was helped with money and food. Anna Tikhonovna Ovchinnikova still remembers the kindness of grandmother Akulina.

There were also hardships in the Serov family: in 1928, their house burned down. The summer turned out to be hot - the sun burned mercilessly. On Sunday, a small breeze blew, but it could not save people from the heat. Many Sharly residents went to rest in nature: some in the field - to pick flowers, some to the river - to fish, some to Piskunov Pond - to swim. The Serovs also went to the village to visit their relatives. At this time, the neighbor of the Serovs, Kozlov, decided to cook drying oil from vegetable oil. The oil caught fire from the flame of the kerogas, the ball of fire fell on the outbuildings, then spread to the house. The flames were carried by the wind to the Serovs' house. Relatives and neighbors, who happened to be nearby, managed to transfer part of the property to a stone storeroom, the door of which was poured with water. The house could not be saved from the fire. The whole family, especially George, was very upset by the misfortune. We started building. The Serovs foresaw that the family would increase, but they could not build a larger house - there were not enough funds. An extension was made to the new house, which overlooked the street with three windows and two into the courtyard, which served as an entrance hall, a kitchen, and a dining room. Two closets were made in the front room - bedrooms for the eldest sons. The Serov family lived in this small house, in which there were already 9 souls. The house did not stand out in any way from the general row of buildings on the street, but there were still large families who envied them. This house still stands in the same place. Serov's grandson lives in it.

On the eve of the war, the eldest son Ivan lived in Moscow, where he worked at the Institute of Mechanization. During the war he served in the sapper troops. He died in East Prussia on February 3, 1945.

Petr Trofimovich, after graduating from the Pedagogical Institute, worked as a history teacher at the Sharlyk secondary school. He knew his subject well, was a strict teacher and a demanding educator. Despite this, he enjoyed not only respect, but also the love of his students. In 1941, Pyotr Trofimovich Serov went missing.

Stepan Trofimovich before the war worked as an inspector in the statistics department of the Sharlyk regional executive committee. He was drafted into the army and ended up in the same rifle division as me, but in different regiments. He served as a clerk, had the rank of foreman. He joined the party, was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the medal "For Military Merit". He fought until the end of the war, was contused and wounded in the head by a shell fragment. The shard was never removed until the very end of life. After the war, he returned to his homeland and worked as the head of the statistics department of the district council of workers' deputies in Sharlyk. At the age of 64, on March 4, 1973, Stepan Trofimovich died.

The oldest of the Serovs' children, Praskovya Trofimovna, now lives in Sharlyk, she is already 78 years old.

GEORGE

On May 10, 1915, the Serovs gave birth to twins, a boy, Georgy, and a girl, Lukerya, who died soon after. The boy grew up healthy and smart. He was short and slightly stooped. The face is open, with brown eyes, whitish eyebrows and a slightly snub nose. His sparse hair was combed to one side, his ears were clearly visible, slightly protruding. George dressed very neatly, perhaps this was the only difference among his peers.

In character, Serov went to his father: balanced and calm, even when solving difficult issues. Haste and vehemence were not characteristic of him - he did everything with high quality. He did not like to sit idle, he found a job for himself, he was always busy with something. When daughters-in-law (brothers' wives) appeared in the family: Anastasia Petrovna and Anastasia Sergeevna, he helped them with housework, and even promised the latter "to buy a good present when he grows up big." Anastasia Sergeevna, Stepan's wife, who lived in the Serov family, told us: “Gorka was a hardworking, nimble, brave and quick-witted boy. He helped everyone with housework. There was no need to ask him about it - he saw everything himself. He carried firewood, dung for the stove, water for washing clothes, and in the summer he helped water the garden. When the Karmalka stream, flowing through the garden, dried up, and there was nowhere to take water for irrigation, Gorka dug a hole in the bed of the stream. During the day, so much water was collected there that it was enough to water the entire garden. Anastasia Petrovna, Peter's wife, retained the same kind memories: “Despite the overload with lessons, social and extracurricular work, he found time to help his relatives. For diligence and attention, we all loved him very much.

Whatever Gorka undertook, he achieved everything. The School of Kolkhoz Youth had a small farm: a plot of land and a few cows. All work was carried out by students under the guidance of the agronomist of the school, Goncharov. In the summer, we all had a mandatory practice in the field, and in the winter - on the farm. The guys fed the cows, made up a diet for them, and the girls, in addition, milked them. I remember Serov's desire to learn how to milk cows. But no matter how affectionately he called them, the cows would not let him near them. As soon as he sits down to milk, the cow turns around and starts butting him. Then Gorka went to the trick - he changed into women's clothes, and tied a scarf on his head. So he outwitted the cows and learned how to milk.

From his mother, George inherited a good disposition - he loved his parents and older sister Praskovya. But the standard in life for him was Peter.

YOUTH

George and I are of the same age, studied at the same school, which used to be called the School of Kolkhoz Youth (ShKM). Now it is secondary school No. 1 named after Serov. We met at a general Komsomol meeting. A very serious blond-haired guy sat down next to me. He looked at everyone and smiled. His face immediately changed, became cheerful and inviting. Holding out his hand to me, he introduced himself: "Gorka." I gave my name. Then I found out that all the guys called George that way, Gorka. The principal of the school, Mikhail Arsenievich Mironov, and a representative of the district committee of the Komsomol entered the hall. The director opened the first Komsomol meeting. Elected presidium. There was only one question on the agenda: the election of the secretary of the Komsomol cell. A short speech was made by a representative of the RK Komsomol, who dwelled on the tasks of the Komsomol and listed the main features necessary for the leader. The director proposed Serov's candidacy. He studied well, possessed organizational skills, and enjoyed authority among both students and teachers. There were no other offers. So George was unanimously elected secretary of the Sharlyk secondary school. We have been working together since I was elected chairman of the school's student committee.

The Komsomol organization of the school was large and authoritative. Representatives of the academic committee and the secretary of the Komsomol organization were often invited to the pedagogical council, their opinion was also taken into account when solving important issues of school life. The Komsomol leader, Georgy Serov, was repeatedly elected a delegate to regional Komsomol conferences, was a member of the bureau of the Sharlyk district committee of the Komsomol. He often made incendiary speeches at the Komsomol activists, plenums of the district committee. He burned and kindled the hearts of others. The words of the song: “It seems that the guy is used to being the first!”, - they approached him in the best possible way. Georgy loved to be publicly praised, but at the same time he was neither a careerist nor an asshole. In those years, the district committee of the Komsomol entrusted senior Komsomols with serious tasks: we were sent to the villages as representatives, as part of propaganda teams, we arranged amateur concerts for collective farmers. Serov most often played on the stage the role of loafers, sycophants, plunderers of collective farm goods and ridiculed them so bitingly that laughter and applause did not stop in the hall. Serov did a lot of social work. He was the permanent editor of the school wall newspaper. His caricatures of losers and violators of discipline had a sobering effect. On the shoulders of Serov lay down the work of decorating the school for revolutionary holidays and various celebrations. Every year, the school hosted exhibitions of students' works, Georgy always participated in them and often won prizes. He even succeeded in portraits of V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin, A.S. Pushkin. For the love of art and artistic skill, the RayONO awarded Gorka with a camera. Serov organized a photo circle at school. This was a rarity in schools. I photographed myself, taught the guys.

To provide the circle with photographic materials, he traveled to the regional center 150 km away. One winter, returning from Orenburg, he had an accident and walked for a long time with a scar on his cheek. In addition, Serov participated in the work of drama and chess circles.

At the suggestion of Mikhail Arsenyevich, we decided to challenge the secondary school of the neighboring Aleksandrovsky district for socialist competition. The contract of social competition was developed by the joint efforts of the directorate, the academic committee and the Komsomol organization. Having prepared amateur performances, a large group went to the village of Aleksandrovka. At a joint school meeting, Serov presented a draft contract for social competition from our school. He said something like this: “We came to you from Sharlyk in winter, several tens of kilometers away, in order to challenge you to socialist competition. We must fight for the high quality of education, for good attendance. Our tasks are: to raise discipline to the proper height, to improve cultural and extracurricular activities at school, to develop sports and amateur performances.” He also informed the Aleksandrovtsy about the quality of education at our school. The Alexander School accepted our challenge. On the second day, amateur performances prepared by us were shown: vocalists, dancers and a choir group performed, physical education pyramids were shown (then they were often staged) and a small dramatization. We liked our concert very much. Our school won the first place in the skiing competition, Georgy led the race.

Serov was enough for everything: for study, and for work, and for sports, and for entertainment. He was a capable and diligent student, studied "good" and "excellent", never came to school with unlearned lessons. According to the teacher Anastasia Petrovna Drobysheva, who lived in the Serov family, Gorka sometimes even got up earlier to prepare his homework, for which there was not enough time the day before. He was the initiator of all the activities at the school: evenings with attractions, ski outings, volleyball competitions, games in towns, trips to Piskunov Pond, a favorite vacation spot for Sharlyk youth. My house, located on Kalininskaya Street, was the most convenient gathering place. We agreed on a hike the day before, gathered 8-12 people. It was always a lot of fun if Gorka went with us. He always came up with something - with one word of his, the game began: leapfrog or “bug” (you had to guess who hit you in the palm of your hand), running to races, jumping from trees into the water, who swims longer breaststroke or on his back. In everything, George often emerged victorious. Even "pancakes" he baked best of all. The circles that form on the water from a thrown flat stone were called "pancakes", the more there are from one stone, the better. Once, on the way to the pond, he suggested climbing a telegraph pole and standing up to his full height. There were no applicants. Gorka, like a cat, climbed to the very top, put one foot on a pole, the other on a hook with a porcelain insulator, and, maintaining his balance, stood up to his full height. He stretched out his arms to the sides and looked at us from a height, as if saying: “Here I am, how brave!”

Gorka was very well developed physically, possessed courage, determination and composure. In addition, some incomprehensible desire to take risks still lived in him. Sometimes this risk was not justified. Perhaps it was simple curiosity or a desire to test your strength? They tell such a case. Once, on a church holiday, believers saw from the outside of the dome a man walking along protruding bricks. It was Georgy Serov. Barefoot, slowly, with sparrow steps, he moved along the ledge, on which doves could hardly fit. People looked at him from below and made noise: some were worried about him and were afraid that he would break, others believed that only a blasphemer could do this, and looked at him with contempt. The noise intensified, and George involuntarily glanced down. Far underfoot, green acacia bushes swayed, people seemed so small. He felt dizzy from the height, and a treacherous chill of fear crawled treacherously all over his body. It was still possible to return, but our Gorka was not like that. Remembering that at a height it is impossible to look down, he gathered himself, pressed himself closer to the wall of the dome; knees, chest, cheek, whole body, as it were, rooted into it. After waiting a few moments, he moved on, looking straight ahead. Bypassing the protruding bricks around the dome, he safely went down.

From Anastasia Sergeevna, we know that the neighbors called George "daredevil" for his courage, desperation and riskiness. So getting to a new place on a river or a pond, he was always the first to throw himself into the water, swim to the opposite bank or try to measure the depth. If this did not work out the first time, he took more air into his lungs, dived and, in confirmation that he had reached the bottom, showed sand, silt or stones. He could stay under water for the longest time, and in disputes with the guys on this topic he always came out the winner. On Piskunov Pond, he liked to jump from a willow bush that leaned over the water. This tree still stands there. He was not afraid of heights, depths, or speed.
He also participated in fisticuffs that took place in Sharlyk on Shrovetide. There was such a custom: the men of one street fought with the men of another street, or, as they said then, "wall to wall." Fights are usually started by teenagers. Gorka had to be an opponent of his classmate and friend Ivan Stebunov - they lived on different streets. After teenagers, adults entered into fisticuffs. They fought hard. The human wall of one street went to another, the retired were replaced by a reserve, which entered the battle during the retreat in order to support "their own". Injuries were sometimes severe: eyes, teeth were knocked out, jaws and arms were broken, but there was an immutable law - they don’t beat a lying person. Fisticuffs are a bad tradition that we inherited from Tsarist Russia, but George learned there the courage and courage that came in handy during the war years.

Another case comes to mind. In Sharlyk, the church was closed and turned into a club - an ordinary event for that time. But the cross still flaunted on the bell tower, there were no hunters to remove it - they were afraid of believers who threatened with reprisals to those who dared to do this. The district committee of the Komsomol appealed to the members of the Komsomol. George voluntarily expressed a desire to replace the cross with a red flag. "Who if not me?" - he said. On the appointed day, a huge crowd of believers gathered at the church with icons and candles. “Is there really such an adversary who will climb to remove the cross? Yes, we will not allow him close to the church! We will tear you to pieces like the Antichrist!” The noise and screams intensified, the situation became more and more tense. Serov, taking the necessary tools and a red flag, climbed onto the bell tower along with other Komsomol members, removed the cross from the dome and hoisted a red flag in its place. Seeing this, the crowd below cursed both him and his parents, who gave birth to such a blasphemer. Believers prayed to God to punish him and waited for Gorka to fall and break. An eyewitness, Stebunov Nikolai, told us that Serov, after he set up the flag, danced the “lady” on the bell tower, as proof that there is no god. To the surprise of the believers, Serov safely descended from the dome down to the ground and calmly walked past them, ignoring the curses raining down from all sides. The enemies of the Soviet government tried to take advantage of the current situation and organize riots, but were rebuffed by the relevant authorities, while the instigators were punished.

Nothing in our country had more value than a human life. George loved people very much. If a person got into trouble, he always came to the rescue. The words of Anastasia Sergeevna: “Gorka will not let himself be offended and will not leave a comrade in trouble,” were confirmed one spring. The students went to the Piskunova Mill pond to build a sports ground. Due to the negligence of one of the guys, Nina Tregubova (now Esina) fell into the water and began to drown, because she could not swim. Everyone was dumbfounded, only Georgy did not lose his head, without undressing, rushed into the water, did not even take off his watch from his hand, and pulled Nina out of the water. He lost his watch in the water, when the guys suggested looking for them in the pond, he replied: “Watches are not human life, you don’t have to look for them,” and waved his hand. Then we were all struck by the speed of his reaction.

Serov was very fond of children, dreamed of entering a pedagogical institute and becoming a teacher. He was appointed by the Komsomol organization as a pioneer leader in one of the elementary schools. Gorka was a great inventor, and his training camps were always very interesting. The pioneers sang songs, learned new ones, danced, played, prepared dramatizations, swam in the river, picked flowers and berries, and so on. The guys became very attached to Gorka - they were just waiting for their beloved Zhora to come to them: he became for them not only a pioneer leader, but also a friend. The children sincerely shared their worries with him. One summer the detachment went for berries. It was a lot of fun. George noticed that one girl was not smiling. He understood the reason for her sad mood - she picked very few berries. Gorka suggested that the children pour the berries into one basket and divide them equally among everyone. He explained this by saying that the girl picked berries for the first time, next time she will pick up more. The boys agreed and did so. The girl's mood improved. Already at that time, Serov was characterized by pedagogical tact and a sense of collectivism.

Georgy's constant desire to acquire new knowledge and help others to do this distinguished him from his peers. As pre-conscripts, we were trained in military camps. Serov had the badges of the TRP, PVC, VS, was smart and disciplined. Soon he was appointed squad leader, but he was still sensitive and kind to his comrades. Like all young people of that time, I wanted to have sports and defense badges, but the reduced vision of the right eye did not allow me to fulfill the standards for shooting for the Voroshilov Shooter badge. I was very worried. It was a shame to return from the camps without this insignia. Georgy went to shooting with me, helped me learn how to shoot accurately. The host of the norms was also interested in having as many badges trained as possible. He didn't stop us from training. And then one day, Gorka, who was lying next to me in the line of fire, took my rifle and fired shots instead of me. The head of the shooting range pretended not to notice the change. And I got the sun badge. I was embarrassed to wear it. I began to learn to shoot with my left hand and aim with my left eye, which had normal vision. At first it was very difficult, but thanks to training, perseverance and perseverance, I succeeded. The faith of my friend Serov also supported me, he had no doubt that I would succeed. After that, I could wear the badge without a twinge of conscience - I had every reason to receive it.

George was ready for everything, and he succeeded in everything. Like his father, he knew a lot of jokes, jokes, sayings, songs, ditties and loved to play everyone. With his arrival in any company it became more fun. With just his appearance, he instilled a good mood in people. No wonder his grandmother Varvara used to say to him: “You will even lift the dead from the bench.” They say that a neighbor invited Serov to his daughter's wedding instead of toastmaster and did not miscalculate: few people would have been able to cheer the guests up like that. He was very good at parodies of girls. Having tied his head with a handkerchief, having made up his eyebrows and lips, he began to portray either a “flirtatious girl” or a “touchy”. It was simply impossible to keep from laughing.

After a long winter, when the sun rose higher, the day was added, and in the evening the frost seized the puddles formed during the day, the Sharlychans began to wait for spring. On such evenings, high school students could not be kept at home. The guys and girls went out to the main street of the district center, took each other by the arms and formed a row across the entire width of the street (and it was wide) and sang songs. Georgy started the song, a row picked it up, then he sang another, and then a third, without waiting for the end of the first two. Sometimes it turned out that the row sang three songs at the same time. There was so much noise and laughter! Serov loved to sing. His voice is not strong, but often it was he who turned out to be the lead singer. Gorka's favorite song is "Babka". This ingenuous song, composed by no one knows who, was like a warm-up: “There was a grandmother on the edge of the town, The grandmother wanted to swim in the river. The grandmother was smart, she bought a pood of bast. Our song is short - start over."

Then they began to sing other songs: “Three tankers”, “An order was given to him to the west”, “We are the cavalry” and, of course, everyone’s favorite “Katyusha”. George very often sang ditties. He chose the choruses that are usually known to everyone. He took the beginning in one ditty, and the ending in the other, it turned out to be a clumsy one. The meaning was broken, and the youth laughed to tears. He himself performed everything with a serious look, never smiling, which made us laugh even more. For example, from ditties: “I will build a bridge across the fast river. Walk my dear, walk my, Walk in summer and winter "" We sat with a sweetie, Kissing passionately - I broke his arm, He dislocated my shoulder.

George would have made one: “Across the fast river I will build a bridge. I broke his arm. He dislocated my shoulder.”

I remember the ditties that caused the most laughter among cheerful and cheerful youth:
“Whoever does not understand love, That is a good person. I'll go in the river, drown myself, Knee-deep sparrow. “White fluff flies out. Why does a darling love two. A magpie is sitting on the pipe - Goodbye, I went.

Of course, there were games and dances. They especially liked to play "The Third Extra" - this is a lively, noisy and fun game. Most of all there was laughter when the girl managed to escape from her pursuer or deceive him. From outdoor games in the course was a game of rubber ball with bast shoes. Dancing, as a rule, began spontaneously in the street. We didn’t have musical instruments, we played on the lips, clapped our hands. The irrepressible Gorka entered the circle. He began to dance: either the Russian “lady” with jokes, then the “apple” squatting, then the daring “gypsy”. He was replaced by other guys. And so, until 12 o'clock at night, we "polished the pavement," according to our mathematics teacher Dmitry Stepanovich Rychkov.

Gorka did not differ from other teenagers in his appearance, but he had charm. His smile was so open and joyful that even those who saw him for the first time won over. Everyone was strongly impressed by his overflowing energy, cheerfulness and some kind of Russian prowess. The girls called him affectionately: Zhora, George, Zhorik, paw. He did not shy away from them: he accompanied them to dances, rode a bicycle with them, went to school together. As a youth, he was in love, perhaps, only with Lena Sviridova. She lived on the same street as Gorka. Short, plump, dimples and blush on her cheeks made her look like a chrysalis. She liked the funny stories that Gorka told, she laughed, listening to the jokes in his performance. He told them so seriously that it involuntarily became cheerful, and he himself laughed so contagiously if he saw that the meaning had reached the listeners, and everyone was laughing. Lena and George began to meet often not only at school, spent a lot of time together, went to dances. After graduation, they broke up: Lena went to Orenburg, Georgy - to Orel, Lena met another young man. Distance and time extinguished the first love, which under other circumstances could develop into love.

It would be wrong to think that Georgy Serov was infallible. He, like every teenager, was characterized by both mischief and pranks. Most often this manifested itself in physics lessons at school. This subject was taught by a soft-hearted man, Alexander Nikolaevich Alexandrov. Gorka in his lessons grimaced behind the teacher's back, causing the whole class to laugh. Alexander Nikolaevich did not like the noise, but he could not do anything - no matter how hard he tried, he could not find the violator of discipline. Gorka never got caught. The guys respected him very much, for them he was an authority, and the teachers could not even think that the secretary of the Komsomol organization was capable of such mischief. George was witty, his tongue was like a razor. If necessary, he could reason with anyone with a word. At the same time, some of his jokes went beyond the bounds of reason. He could imitate the gait of a lame teacher who had been ill with polio as a child. Once, in a physics lesson, he raised his hand and, to the teacher’s question: “What do you have?”, He answered with a serious look: “Evdokia Pavlovna sent you greetings.” There was an explosion of laughter in the class - and Evdokia Pavlovna and Alexander Nikolaevich were lonely people of the age, had no families, worked for many years at school. The joke was stupid, even malicious, but the whole class seemed very funny. The physics teacher became nervous, began banging on the table, and suggested that Serov leave the class. Later, George realized the tactlessness of his behavior and apologized to Alexander Nikolaevich. He, out of the kindness of his soul, did not hold a grudge against the mischievous one and forgave him. There was also a more serious case when Serov, together with a group of students, threw stones at night on the roof of the house where the elderly teacher Valentina Dmitrievna Gren lived, who taught us German. It seemed to George that she was underestimating his grades or, in other words, “nitpicking”. For this, Gorka was once seriously punished.

Serov graduated from high school in 1937. The question "who to be?" did not get up in front of George. The choice of an educational institution has long been made. Serov was very fond of wildlife, he easily picked up not only frogs, mice, but snakes and snakes, and talked to them. The most suitable was the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Oryol Pedagogical Institute. Already in the first year, his abilities showed up, and for a good study he was awarded a trip to a rest home. Serov's record book was dominated by excellent grades. The faculty management wanted to leave him to work at the institute after graduation, but the war prevented these plans. In the last peaceful year of 1940, Georgy came to Sharlyk for the holidays. We had fun: swimming and sunbathing at Piskunov Pond, playing volleyball, going dancing in the evening. I could not imagine that I was seeing Serov for the last time.

At four o'clock in the morning on June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Germany treacherously attacked our Motherland. Planes with black and white swastikas bombed Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Minsk, Sevastopol and other cities. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people began. A week before the start of the war, on June 15, 1941, Georgy Serov was drafted into the Red Army and sent to study at the Oryol Military Infantry School for the training of junior commanders. A week later, everything changed - the officer training program, designed for two years, had to be completed in six months. I had to practice 14-16 hours a day.

In Orel, he met his first and only love. Neither relatives nor friends could remember her name. In a letter to his niece, George wrote that he met "a good girl and almost got married." They did not see each other often, but every time they met, Serov's heart failed. George's heart was filled with joy. He was lost - this feeling was unfamiliar to him. He did not know how to behave - to be serious or boyishly happy. There is a war going on, all the people have great grief, but they are just happy. He picked her up in his arms and swirled her around. He wanted to sing, dance, laugh. "Love you! Be my wife!" he said softly, pressing his cheek against her cheek. She agreed. But the war interfered with their happiness. This is how the world works: life and death, love and separation, sorrow and joy walk side by side. Serov was sent to the front straight from the school. There were no usual wires: the sound of an accordion was not heard, no parting words were spoken to him, he did not see the tears of his mother, relatives and beloved, he did not hear the words of the song “wouldn’t you go to Vanek, become a soldier.” They were not by his side. The front-line life of Georgy Trofimovich Serov began.

A LIFE GIVEN TO VICTORY

After graduating from a military school, in December 1941, Serov was ahead of schedule awarded the rank of lieutenant, he proudly wrote about this to his niece Krasnova Anna. From April 15, 1942, Georgy was already on the Kalinin Front as a deputy company commander. In the area of ​​​​the city of Rzhev, he received a baptism of fire. In the same place, on August 28, Serov received a slight wound on his hand and until October he was treated in the hospital. After leaving the hospital, he was again sent to the front and appointed deputy commander of a machine gun company. Later, he is appointed commander, instead of an officer who retired due to a wound, and is awarded the rank of senior lieutenant.

New, 1943, the company commander Serov met his soldiers in the circle. As was customary then, the first toast was a toast in honor of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin, Georgy added a few words from himself, but these words at that time expressed the thoughts and aspirations of the entire Soviet people: “Let 1943 be a devastating year for the German invaders, and bring joy to the Soviet people!”.

On January 1, he, along with other officers, went to an orphanage. The parents of the children died during the bombing, were shot for their connection with the partisans, or were driven to Germany. The guys experienced a lot of grief, but were not abandoned. The collected money was used to remove the Christmas tree and distribute gifts to children. Serov dressed up as Santa Claus, pulling on a camouflage robe and turning his hat with earflaps inside out, his beard and mustache were made of tow. The children quickly joined the game, forgetting about their hardships. They were very happy about the New Year tree and Santa Claus. They were given this joy by people with a kind heart and a broad soul. One of them was Georgy Trofimovich Serov.

For Serov, the coming year was special - he became a candidate member of the CPSU (b). In the second half of April, the First Guards Moscow Rifle Division became part of the 11th Guards Army and remained in it until the end of the war. In operational subordination, they were in the 16th Guards Corps. In May and June, the division was in reserve, rearmed and replenished with people. This lull pushed back the war, everything around calmed down, and each soldier remembered his home, parents, friends, wives, children, lovers. "But everyone knew the road to them lies through the war." Better than in the song "Nightingales" and not to say.

In the winter of 1943-44, the first Moscow fought heavy offensive battles in the area of ​​Vitebsk, Orsha, Borisov. In February 1944, Serov was promoted to the rank of captain, and he became the commander of the 3rd Rifle Battalion, the best in the 1st Moscow Guards Rifle Division. For skillful leadership of the battalion in the battle for height 174.6 in March 1944, George was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree (order to the troops of the 11th Guards Army of April 18, 1944). The commander of the 167th Guards Rifle Regiment Gopenko, presenting Captain Serov for the award of the Guards, wrote that he was an energetic, well-trained officer, had good combat experience, and took care of the personnel of the battalion. Two and a half months later, on May 20, 1944, Serov was awarded the rank of major for his heroic deeds in battle. In the certification, Gopenko wrote: “Serov is disciplined, demanding of himself and his subordinates, has sufficient general educational and tactical training. In combat, he quickly navigates the situation and can make independent decisions.

Growing up in a large family, where the manifestation of care was natural, Serov rooted with his heart and soul for every subordinate: commander and soldier. Strong-willed, courageous, resolute, prone to risk in his youth, in combat conditions he did not allow the adoption of ill-considered, hasty decisions, did not risk the lives of soldiers. There were at that time lovers of dashing military operations, such as “reconnaissance in combat on a battalion scale” or “disturb the enemy”, making a sudden raid on enemy positions, leading to large and unjustified losses. Serov could not afford to risk other people's lives, he experienced the death of people subordinate to him very hard. He did not forget about his parents, he often wrote letters to them, which, unfortunately, did not survive, sent them money and parcels. Several letters from the front were kept by his niece Krasnova Anna. In them, he said hello to his parents, was interested in their health, asked him to say hello to his father and kiss his mother. He wrote about army life, which he liked. He considered military service the duty of every citizen. In each letter, he remembered one of his friends, was interested in their life and work. In a letter dated August 18, 1941, Georgy asked Anya to find out where I was and how I lived. In other letters, Georgy sent greetings to Doroshina Nyura, Golenkova Anya, and Zhdanova Maria wrote himself. Krasnova willingly fulfilled his requests.

On June 23, 1944, one of the outstanding operations to defeat the Nazi invaders in Belarus began under the code name "Bagration". Exactly at 6 o'clock in the morning the first volley of Katyushas was heard - a signal for an offensive along the entire front. The air trembled. More than 1800 guns and mortars of the 11th Guards Army opened heavy fire on the enemy. It's time for the fascists to pay. The First Moscow Division struck in the main direction. When the guns fell silent, the 11th Guards went on the offensive. The battalion under the command of Major Serov advanced along the narrow-gauge railway in the direction of the villages of Nuts, Vydritsa, Mezhovo, Orsha district. Between Osintorf and Belogres, the German infantry and tanks blocked the way for the battalion. The swamps did not allow our units to maneuver. A fierce battle went on for two hours. The ability to lead the battle and the personal initiative of the battalion commander, Major Serov, greatly contributed to the success of the guards. Serov's battalion broke through to the settlements, imposed a battle on the enemy and won, destroying and capturing 200 Germans, a large number of weapons and other trophies.

In the summer of 1944, our units approached the borders of Lithuania. The deputy battalion commander, Major Molodykh P.P., who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union along with Serov, recalls: “Our battalion at that time was in the reserve of the regiment commander. At the right moment, he pushed him to the place where a difficult situation was created. So it was during the crossing of the Neman. The wide and full-flowing Neman was a serious and dangerous obstacle in the way of our troops. It was necessary to cross to the left bank of the Neman quickly, with the help of improvised means. The guardsmen knew that the 167th Infantry Regiment would have to cross the Neman, but it was not known which battalion would be the first. At night, the regiment commander called Serov and ordered the major to prepare for this important task. The choice fell on the battalion commander, who had resourcefulness, courage, authority and quick reaction. All these qualities were inherent in Georgy Trofimovich. The entire personnel of the battalion was immediately acquainted with the combat order. Preparations began: small rafts were built from logs, boards, barrels and distributed among the companies. When developing the plan of the operation, Serov took into account German pedantry - getting up, lights out, breakfast, lunch, etc. - all by the hour. It was decided to start the operation before dawn. The morning of July 14, 1944 was foggy, the Neman seemed gray. This, to some extent, facilitated the combat mission assigned to the battalion: to be the first to force the river, occupy a bridgehead and gain a foothold. The signal for the start of the operation was three red rockets, thirty minutes later Serov reported on the end of the operation. And then the Junkers flew in, the bombing began. The bombs flew straight at the soldiers of the third battalion, approaching, they increased in size. All rooted to the ground. One of the bombs, not having reached them only 20-25 meters, fell into the trench - the fragments flew up like a fan, without hitting anyone. Serov, seeing that his orderly turned as white as a handkerchief, shouted to him: “Sasha! Take care of your hair, otherwise the Nazis will ruin it! And Sashkato was bald. After the bombing, everyone laughed at Serov's joke.

In the afternoon of July 14, the guards regiments completely crossed to the left bank of the Neman. The Germans pulled up their forces and moved to the positions occupied by Serov's battalion. Strong enemy fire seemed to sweep away all living things in its path. The air shook with multiple explosions. The Neman was stifling from the shells falling into it. Reflecting enemy counterattacks, the battalion slowly moved forward. It was necessary to gain a foothold at the turn of Zholnerishki, Bakshatka, Putin - north of Alytus of the Latvian SSR and hold a bridgehead. On July 15, Serov contacted the regiment commander and received an order: “Hold on! Not a step back - this is your cutting edge! On the same day, a fierce battle broke out on the flank of the division, in the sector of the 167th Guards Regiment. Serov's battalion was the first to be hit. The Nazis tried to cut it off from the coast and go to our crossings. First, the positions were bombed from the air, and then from the Krevnishki farm, 700 Nazis with 20 tanks launched a counterattack. The forces of the Nazis in this area were 5 times the number of our units. The battalion managed to repel the counterattack, while destroying 6 tanks and more than 300 German soldiers and officers. The gunner of the anti-tank gun of Corporal Koloskov acted bravely in this battle. He knocked out two self-propelled guns, destroyed 6 wagons with ammunition and shot 70 fascists point-blank. For the courage and bravery shown by the battalion during the crossing of the Neman, holding the bridgehead on the western bank and personal heroism, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 24, 1945 Serov G.T., Molodykh P.P., and Koloskov A.A. awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In these battles, battalion commander Serov, political officer Molodykh and the personnel of the battalion showed examples of courage and heroism. Major Molodykh P.P. in his letter to me he wrote: “Serov lives up to his appointment: strong-willed, courageous, demanding of himself and his subordinates. When resolving issues, he did not show passivity; consulted with the deputies and the chief of staff. There was no limit to Serov's courage, at the same time he always acted sensibly and judiciously. Serov's battalion was in continuous battles. He crossed the border and fought into the territory of East Prussia. In a letter to his parents, he wrote: “Here I am in Germany. Today is the third day. While still alive and well, my deputy is wounded. How joyful it is now that it is not our houses that are burning, but the estates of the German landowners. Now they will learn what war is - they will experience it in their own skin. This letter, dated October 20, 1944, was the last.

During the battle in the Walterkekemen area (now the village of Olkhovatka, Gusevsky district, Kaliningrad region), Major Serov's battalion was surrounded. The infantrymen, armed only with small arms and mortars, could not resist the armored vehicles of the enemy. Despite this, the guards fought off the attacks of Nazi tanks and infantry during the day. At night they decided to try to break through to their own. The scouts found a weak spot in the enemy's ring. The fight was uneven. The entire force of artillery, mortar and automatic fire of the enemy was brought down on Serov's battalion. Shells burst one after another, bullets whistled, fragments from mines flew. Everything merged into one roar. In the battle on October 24, 1944, the gunner of the anti-tank gun, Corporal Koloskov, died a heroic death and Major Serov, the guard, went missing. The search for Serov did not give positive results: he was neither among the dead nor among the wounded. This was officially confirmed by the notice of the Sharlyk district military registration and enlistment office of December 25, 1944 and the letter of Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin to his parents dated November 30, 1945. Trofim Andreevich was summoned to Moscow to receive the Diploma of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on his son Georgy. Handing over the diploma, Mikhail Ivanovich thanked Trofim Andreevich for raising such a son.

There are several versions of George's death. Foreman of long-term service Golubev, who served under Major Serov's Guards, in the newspaper "Guards Banner" No. 34 dated March 21, 1959, in the article "Resilience of the Guards" outlined the circumstances of Serov's death as follows: "The forcing of the Reminte River in the Proslauken area began. The guardsmen crossed to the other side under the cover of fog, using improvised means ... The battalion was given the task of capturing Hill 1260. The infantrymen and mortarmen quickly occupied the height and entrenched themselves on it. But after a while the Germans went on the attack. Armored personnel carriers and self-propelled guns of the enemy began to bypass the hill from both sides, trying to surround us. The fight has begun. Counterattacking with superior forces, the enemy began to compress the encirclement. The Nazis managed to push back our guards, who had only small arms and mortars at their disposal and could not resist armored vehicles for a long time. The battalion commander and staff officers, directing the battle, were under a bridge blocked across the highway. One wounded man (who is not specified) said that he saw how German armored personnel carriers and a tank suddenly approached the bridge from two sides. Grenades flew at them from under the bridge. Then there was a huge explosion under the bridge. Knowing the fearlessness of the battalion commander and the officers who were with him, it can be assumed that they left the last grenades for themselves so as not to be captured. The attempts made the next day to get to the bridge and take out the dead and wounded were unsuccessful, since the enemy was strongly entrenched, and the guardsmen, having suffered losses, were forced to retreat.

Similar information was presented by a senior employee of the Kaunas State Historical Museum B. Glinbitsky in a letter dated August 12, 1964.

There is another version of the death of the Guard Major Serov G.T., but it is not confirmed by any documents. Vilnius secondary school No. 27, in a letter to the Sharlyk district military registration and enlistment office, reports: “The brave officer was captured by the Nazis in the fall of 1944 and burned after torture.”

Of interest is the letter of Danilchenko N.S., who, calling himself a friend of Serov, in a letter to his parents, said: “On October 24, 1944, Georgy and I were captured in East Prussia, from where we were sent to the rear ... later parted with him. I wonder if Georges managed to return to his homeland? The letter from Danilchenko was the only one. We were looking forward to letters from him. But Danilchenko did not respond to private letters or official requests. Therefore, the latest version does not seem convincing to me. Although for George's mother, Akulina Alekseevna, this letter was the last ray of hope, and she did not stop waiting for her youngest son until her death.

LIFE AFTER DEATH

Life is determined not by age, but by the trace left by a person on earth. Georgy Trofimovich Serov died like a hero, not having lived six and a half months before the victory, to which he so stubbornly went, for which he fought so stubbornly. He continues to live in the memory of the human twenty-nine.

Nobody knows where he is buried. There are two mass graves on which the name of George is indicated - an obelisk near the city of Gusev and a mass grave in Olkhovatka, but these are symbolic burials.

The war unleashed by the Nazis is a disaster for our country. She touched every family. The most irreparable loss is the death of millions of Soviet people - the most expensive and valuable capital. For every family, the loss of a son, father, brother is a huge grief. Akulina Alekseevna and Trofim Andreevich raised six children. Four sons fought on the fronts of the Second World War, only one returned, Stepan. Three times Akulina Alekseevna received official letters in an envelope instead of front-line triangles, she lost consciousness three times. Time never healed these wounds, the pain just dulled. Every time someone appeared on the road with a duffel bag on her back, she jumped out of the gate and looked at the passerby with hope - she was waiting for her missing sons. Among the 20 million who died in the Great Patriotic War, 4,197 people went to the front from my native Sharlyk. Golikov Georgy, brothers Zhelyakov, Alexander and Mikhail, Chirkov Andrey, Ryabchikov Petr, Vostrikov Leonid and many others were killed at the front. In total, 12,106 of my countrymen fought on the fronts of the Second World War.

For courage and heroism shown during the Great Patriotic War, eight Sharly residents were awarded the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union. One of them was awarded this title twice - Guards General-Polovny Alexander Ilyich Rodimtsev. Major Georgy Trofimovich Serov, Tatar poet Musa Jalil, junior lieutenant Aleksandr Ivanovich Suslov, senior lieutenant Petr Vasilievich Kolpakov, senior sergeant Kurochkin Timofey Petrovich, private Ivan Tsybin Makarovich, private Galiev Yaurgalei were also awarded the high rank.

Two memorial plaques are mounted on the wall of the Sharlyk School No. 1, where General Rodimtsev and Major Serov studied. In the square opposite the school, a bronze bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union Rodimtsev was installed.

Peasant street in Sharlyk, where Serov was born and lived, and the school where he studied, bear his name. In the Sharlyk regional museum, a special department is dedicated to him, in school number 1 there is a museum of Serov. In the Kaliningrad Museum of Military Glory of the Guards Proletarian Moscow Minsk Order of Lenin twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov Division, among the fallen heroes is the name and guard of Major Georgy Trofimovich Serov. He was enrolled forever in the personnel of the 167th Red Banner Rifle Regiment, in which he served. Serov's name is also listed in the museum of Moscow Secondary School No. 45.

Eternal memory to him!

Veteran of war and labor, personal pensioner S. Petrovsky

Literary processing by Burzina O.M. 2006

09.04.1917 - 02.05.1945
The hero of the USSR

Decree dates

1.

15.05.1946

M eshcheryakov Georgy Trofimovich - division commander of the 137th Guards Artillery Regiment (70th Guards Rifle Division, 38th Army, 4th Ukrainian Front), Guard Major.

He was born on March 28 (April 9 - according to the new style), 1917 in the village of Novotroitskaya, now the Izobilnensky district of the Stavropol Territory, in a peasant family. Russian. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1942. Education 8 classes. He worked as an inspector of the land department of the Yegorlyksky (Izobilnensky) district executive committee.

In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the Tbilisi Artillery School. In the army since August 1941. Participated in the defense of the Soviet-Turkish border, the battles in the Crimea (1942) and on the outskirts of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), in the Battle of Stalingrad. On October 21, 1942, in a battle at the Barrikady artillery plant (Stalingrad), battery commander G.T. Meshcheryakov was seriously wounded. After being cured, he returned to his native regiment.

He received the first order for the heroism shown during the Battle of Kursk. On July 6-9, 1943, the deputy commander of the guard division, captain Meshcheryakov, was at the forward observation post near the village of Koshara (Ponyrovsky district of the Kursk region) and corrected the fire of the guns. The division repulsed eight attacks of enemy tanks and infantry, while destroying nine tanks, a car with cargo and up to an enemy infantry battalion. For these battles, Meshcheryakov was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

In the future, he liberated Ukraine, crossed the rivers Seim, Desna, Dnieper.

The division commander of the 137th Guards Artillery Regiment of the 70th Guards Rifle Division of the Guard, Major Meshcheryakov, especially distinguished himself during the battles in the Lvov direction, the liberation of southern Poland and the territory of Czechoslovakia.

When breaking through a heavily fortified enemy defensive line near the city of Przemyshlyany (Lvov region, Ukraine) and further offensive for the period from July 14 to July 23, 1944, Meshcheryakov's division destroyed six bunkers, five machine guns, five dugouts, four direct-fire guns and about an infantry battalion the enemy, the fire of four mortar and one artillery batteries was suppressed, a cluster of self-propelled artillery installations was dispersed, eight counterattacks of the Nazis were repelled.

In January 1945, during the fighting in the Krakow direction, the division destroyed another 13 machine guns, nine vehicles, 14 wagons with cargo, four bunkers, three self-propelled guns, three anti-tank defense guns, two dugouts and up to two infantry companies, suppressed the fire of five artillery and three mortar batteries.

On April 30, 1945, during the Moravian-Ostrava operation, Meshcheryakov’s division was the first to cross the Opava River and promptly supported rifle units with fire, which decided the outcome of the battle for the bridgehead. Participated in street battles for the city of Moravska Ostrava (now Ostrava, Czech Republic).

At order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 15, 1946 for courage, bravery and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Guards Major Meshcheryakov Georgy Trofimovich posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (05/15/1946), Alexander Nevsky (08/31/1944), Patriotic War 1st degree (02/15/1945), Red Star (07/27/1943), medals.

Buried in the city of Ostrava. A street in the village of Novotroitskaya is named after the Hero, and his bust is also installed there.

Biography provided

Georgy Beregovoy was born on April 15, 1921 in the village of Fedorovka, now the Karlovsky district of the Poltava region of Ukraine. In 1937 he graduated from eight classes of a secondary school in the city of Enakievo. In 1937 he studied at the flying club in the city of Enakievo.

Since December 12, 1938 in the Red Army. On June 13, 1941 he graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Aviation School named after the proletariat of Donbass. Since June 13, 1941, the pilot of the 314th reconnaissance aviation regiment of the 28th aviation division of the Central Front. Since October 3, 1941, the pilot of the 15th reserve aviation regiment of the Volga Military District. From February 1942 he was a pilot of the 150th short-range bomber aviation regiment of the Volga Military District. This aviation regiment was later renamed the 451st Assault Aviation Regiment. Before being sent to the active army, Georgy Beregovoy flew the Yak-4 and R-6 aircraft.

Member of the Great Patriotic War since August 1942. From August 15, 1942 he served as a flight commander of the 451st Assault Aviation Regiment. Since November 18, 1942, Georgy Beregovoy was a flight commander of the 235th Assault Aviation Regiment. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1943. From December 1942 to March 25, 1943 he was trained in the 5th training aviation regiment.

By July 1944, Guards Captain Beregovoy made 108 sorties on Po-2, R-5, SB, and Il-2 aircraft, 75 of them leading a group of attack aircraft. In one of the battles he received a slight bullet wound in the shin of his left leg.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the German invaders and the courage and heroism of the guards shown, Captain Georgy Timofeevich Beregovoy was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal .

By Victory, he completed 185 sorties. Member of the Rzhev-Sychevsk and Rzhev-Vyazemsky operations, the Battle of Kursk and the Battle of the Dnieper, the Belgorod-Kharkov, Zhytomyr-Berdichev, Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Lvov-Sandomierz, Debrecen, Bucharest and Vienna offensive operations.

In January 1964, by decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Beregovoy was enlisted in the cosmonaut corps. From January 25, 1964 to January 23, 1965, he underwent general space training. From March 1965 he was engaged in the combat use of spacecraft. From May 3, 1965 to January 1966, he was trained as the commander of the second crew of the Voskhod-3 spacecraft for a flight under a scientific program lasting 10-15 days. In January 1966, the flight program of the Voskhod-3 spacecraft and the composition of the crews were changed. From January to May 1966, he was trained as the commander of the second crew of the Voskhod-3 spacecraft for a flight under a military program lasting up to 20 days.

The training program was completed, complex training was successfully completed, but in May 1966 the flight was canceled due to the closure of the Voskhod program. From December 1966 to May 1968, he was trained as the commander of the active Soyuz spacecraft under the in-orbit docking program, first as part of the third crew, and from June 1967 in the first crew. The flight with the docking of 2 manned spacecraft was postponed. From August to October 1968, he was trained as a commander-pilot of the Soyuz-3 spacecraft, under the docking program with the Soyuz-2 unmanned spacecraft.

From October 26 to October 30, 1968, Colonel Beregovoy made a flight on the Soyuz-3 spacecraft, during which the spacecraft was repeatedly maneuvered in orbit and rendezvoused with the Soyuz-2 unmanned spacecraft, a number of technical experiments were carried out on the development of systems and equipment of the Soyuz spacecraft, as well as observations for the study of near-Earth outer space. Flight duration: 3 days 22 hours 50 minutes 45 seconds.

For the successful completion of the orbital flight and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 1, 1968, Major General of Aviation Georgy Timofeevich Beregovoy was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal.

Since April 9, 1969, G.T. Onshore Deputy Head, and from June 26, 1972 Head of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yu.A. Gagarin. On January 3, 1987, he was dismissed.

He lived in the village of Chkalovsky, Moscow Region, then in Star City. Died June 30, 1995. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 3rd class, Alexander Nevsky, 2 Orders of the Red Star, 2 Orders of the Patriotic War 1st class, Order for Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR, 3rd class, medals "For Military Merit", "For the Victory over Germany", "For the Capture of Budapest", "For the Capture of Vienna" and 11th anniversary medals, foreign awards: "Gold Star" of the Hero of Socialist Labor, the Order of Georgy Dimitrov, the medal "25 Years of People's Power", the medal "100th Anniversary of the Fall of the Ottoman Yoke", the Order of the Red Banner with Diamonds, the Gold Medal "For Combat Commonwealth", "People's Hero of Yugoslavia" 2nd degree.

He was also awarded the Yu.A. Gagarin gold medal, the de Lavoe medal, and the K.E. Tsiolkovsky Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Laureate of the USSR State Prize for training crews for flights under the Intercosmos program. Honorary citizen of the cities of Kaluga, Lugansk, Enakievo, Vinnitsa, Pleven, Sliven.

In the school-gymnasium No. 37 of the city of Enakievo, a department dedicated to the Hero was opened in the Museum of Public Education. In the same place, in Yenakiyevo, a bronze bust and a memorial stele were erected to him on the Alley of Heroes. In the village of Chkalovsky, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which the Hero lived. In 2011, the Southern Railway named train No. 91/92 "Poltava-Moscow" after G.T. Beregovoy.