Blumkin 1991. Knight of the cloudy image

EXTRACT FROM "SIRAT AS-SULTAN JELAL-AD-DIN MENKUBERTI" BY MUHAMMED AN-NESEVI,

by O. Houdas (En-Nesawi. Histoire du Sultan Djelal ed-din Mankobirti. Paris, 1891-1895)

|22 | * North Khorasan at the beginning of the 13th century.

And from them (the actions of Khorezmshah Mohammed before the campaign against Iraq in 1217) that when he decided to go to Iraq, he wanted to clear Maverannahr from people in whom denial under the guise of recognition and fire under the ashes remained. (And so) he sent the melik Taj-ad-din Bilge-khan, the ruler of Otrar, to the city of Nesu to live there.

[The following is the story of this Bilge Khan, the first of the Qara-Khitays (i.e., vassals of Gurgan), who went over to the side of Sultan Muhammad. ( Compare: Turkestan, p. 391) The Sultan gave him preference and respect] until a campaign against Iraq appeared before him (Sultan Muhammad), and then he decided to liberate Maverannahr from him (Bilge Khan) and sent him to Nesa to live there. The reason that he sent him to Nesa, and to other cities, was that she (Nesa) was heavily infected (with epidemics), it was very hot and there were many diseases, people there constantly complained, and those who had lost loved ones constantly cry there; A Turk can live there only for the shortest time and the hardest life. And the mentioned (Bilge Khan) lived there for a year or more, undergoing changes of fate and repelling the blows of fate. Over time, the nobility of his properties increased and the scope of his hands doubled in | | 23 | generosity. Everyone who came to him with a greeting was blessed by him. And its climate (Nesa) and its water turned out to be uncommonly suitable for him (Bilge Khan), so that he became even healthier and more beautiful. The hearts of noble and ordinary people of her (Nesa) were struck with love, and each of them was filled with sincere affection for him.

The Sultan found out about this and realized that he would not soon achieve what he wanted from him (Vilge Khan), otherwise, as by removing the veils of loyalty and putting on the chain mail of cruelty. He sent to him one who cut off the top of his trunk and made his eyes cry bloody tears over him. The one who was present at this shameful disaster told me: “We were sitting at Zahir ad-din Mas” ud ibn al-Munavvar ash-Shashi, the vizier of the Sultan in Nes, and then someone came to him and said that he had arrived with few people Jehan-pahlavan, and this is Iyaz-tashtdar, who rose from the duty of serving the pelvis to the advantages of the rank of melik and became the commander of 10,000 horsemen; he was specially appointed to cut off heads and separate souls (from bodies). he was horrified that he heard about his arrival. He thought that the trouble (came precisely) to him, and there were no signs of life left in him, except for weak breathing, which almost stopped. He was informed that the newcomer had stopped in the government house and said, "Bring Zahirai the nobles." Zahir went to him and, due to the weakness of his fingers, could hardly take the reins. He arrived, and Jehan-lekhlevan handed him the decree. When he finished reading it, he came to his senses. They asked melik Taj-ad-din Bilgekhan to appear because of an important matter received from the Sultan's court, for which his presence is necessary. He arrived with a group of his close associates, and he was led into one of the storerooms. And then one of the villains (Runud) came out, and in his hand was his head (Bilge Khan). Jehan-pahlavan put it in a horse bag and immediately set off back. Oh, what is this insidious world that does not mourn the murdered and does not allow to speak (about him), woe to the people who love him (the world), although they do not benefit from it. From his treasury, precious stones of unheard-of beauty and quantity were transported to the Sultan's treasury.

|24 | B of them (the actions of the Sultan) is that he sent the sheikh-al-Islams of Samarkand, Jalal-ad-din, his son Shems-ad-din and his brother Avkhad-ad-din, to Nesa to protect himself from their uprising and put out their fire. And they | 25 | were the leaders of the earth by outstanding learning and leadership in teaching excellent sciences; Awhad-ad-din was a miracle in the science of dialectics, he could compete with al-Amidi and break his sheet of evidence, he could challenge the glory of an-Nisaburi and refute his arguments. As for Avhat-ad-din, he died in Nes as an exile and did not find his share in the help of fate. And Jalal-ad-din, the eldest (brother), moved after the death of Avkhad-ad-din to Dihistan, appealed to Amin-ad-din ad-Dikhistani, his vizier (of Dihistan) and Mazanderan on behalf of the Sultan, and was at he was held in high esteem until the end of the century during the death of the inhabitants of the cities during the performance of the Tatars and their distribution to other cities. I do not know what was the end of his case - whether the situation became difficult for him, or a hand (help) was extended for him, destruction pushed him back, or superiority pushed forward.

|30 | Description of the fate of Nizam-al-Mulk after his resignation

(Nizam-al-mulk Muhammad ibn Salih - vizier of Khorezmshah Muhammad, deposed in 1218 (Turkestan, p. 407)

He left Nishapur for Khorezm, winding down passages as if he were folding a scroll of a book, pleased that he managed to return. When he reached Marj Saiga (***), one of the famous pastures near the fortress of Harandiz (***) the place where I bowed my head and where my foundation was laid, (T. e. homeland and place of residence of the author) I came, according to custom, to his services on behalf of my father with gifts and supplies. I accompanied him to a stop in Jarman (***), and this estate is from our possessions (dai "atun min amlakina), it has a source similar to the source from which the (river) Khabur flows. I pitched for him near this source three tents [Then the further history of Nizam-al-mulk is given.]

* Yazyr

|39 | [Turkan Khatun ( Turkan-Khatun is the mother of Khorezmshah Muhammad (whom Nesevi calls Sultan), who enjoyed great influence and actually ruled Khorezm (Turkestan, pp. 407-408, etc.). For her flight from Khorezm, see: Turkestan, pp. 463-464. - V. V. Bartold. Essay on the history of the Turkmen people, p. 37) left Khorezm at the end of 616 = III-IV 1219] took with her Omar Khan, the son of the ruler of Yazyr, and he was taken because he knew the roads leading to his country. The one mentioned (Omar Khan) was nicknamed Sabur Khan; the reason that he was nicknamed Sabur Khan is that his brother Hindu Khan, when he received power, ordered to blind him. The one to whom blinding was entrusted took pity on him, taking pity on his sight. The mentioned (Omar Khan) pretended to be blind for eleven years, until Hindu Khan died and Turkan Khatun took possession of the Yazyr region, based on the fact that Hindu Khan was married to a woman from her tribe and from her relatives. Then Omar Khan opened his eyes and went to the court of the Sultan, hoping for approval in possession. But he did not succeed in what he hoped for, and he only received the nickname Sabur Khan. And so the mentioned (Omar Khan) left Khorezm, being in her (Turkan-Khatun) service, and with her, besides him, there was no one on whom she could rely to avert misfortune, destroy disaster or repel a formidable attack . And he served her at that time in the most faithful manner; when she approached the limits of Yazyr, she was afraid that he would leave her, and ordered “to blow his head. And he was killed bound and ruined by deceit. She went with the people of the harem and treasures with her, arrived at the fortress of Ilal (***), one of the main fortresses of Mazanderan, and remained there, | 40 | until the Tatars finished with the expulsion of the Sultan (Mohammed) and until he was forced to seek refuge on the island on which he died, as we will explain (further), if Allah wills. Ilal was under siege for 4 months, and a wall was built around it, and gates were built in the wall, which were locked at night and opened during the day, and this is their (Tatars) custom during the siege of impregnable fortresses until they are constrained by the siege. And from the rare and amazing things, that this fortress, one of the fortresses of Mazanderan, in which constant rains, a lot of precipitation, the sky rarely clears up and the rains do not stop, was taken by thirst. Allah Almighty predestined that during the siege the sky should be clear. This forced her (Turkan-khatun) to ask (for mercy), she was promised, she left (from the fortress), and with her the displaced vizier Muhammad ibn Salih. They say that while she was leaving the fortress, a stream poured out of the gate, and on the same day the tanks were filled with the mysterious (permission) of Allah, who could destroy buildings and erect others. Truly in this is a reminder for the intelligent.

* Mongols in northern Khorasan

|49 | [The departure from Khorezm to Nesu Shihab-ad-din al-Khivaki is described]. ( Shihab-ad-din al-Khivaki - a famous faqih in Khorezm and an approximate Khorezmshah Muhammad (Turkestan, pp. 375, 404, 435, 436, 463). When the mentioned (Shihab-ad-din) arrived in Nesa and with him a lot of people from the inhabitants of Khorezm, he stopped there and began to wait for new news about the Sultan (Muhammad) to come to his services. And then came the news of his arrival in Nishapur and his immediate departure from there. | 50 | Shihab-ad-din was confused and did not know what to do; his case eluded him, and the plan of action became doubtful for him. (So ​​it was) until Beha-ad-din Muhammad ibn Sahl arrived, ( Further, he is also called Ibn Abu Sahl.) one of the emirs of Nesa, and said that when the Sultan (Mohammed) fled, he ordered him to go to Nesa and warn the people, saying: “This enemy is not like the rest of the troops; the best plan of action is to cleanse the country and retire for a while to the deserts and mountains, until they (the Tatars) exterminate so many that they saturate their eyes and hands, and leave, and the people will be saved from the sudden kicks of their (tatad) yogis. Then, if the population of Nesa is able to restore their fortress, which the Sultan had previously destroyed, then we allow them to rebuild it and fortify themselves in it. Sultan Tekesh tried several times to take possession of her (Nesoy), but could not (take) her; when he despaired of the opportunity to take possession of it for himself, he made peace with its owner, Imad-ad-din Muhammad ibn Omar ibn Hamza, brought him under the yoke of obedience to him and took him with him when conquering the rest of the cities of Khorasan, close and distant from her (Nesa), and he did not leave a single resisting city among them. Imad-ad-din died a year or less after Tekesh, a. his eldest son and heir, Nasir-ad-din Sa'id, died 6 months after the death of his parent. It was said that he sent someone to his parent who gave him deadly poison to drink, but could not enjoy power for a long time after him Then the sultan sent to Nessa and transported his younger children and treasures to Khorezm. They (the children of Imad-ad-diya) remained there in captivity until the appearance of the Tatars, and (then) they escaped, how - we will tell (after) .. Sultan when he took Nessa from them, he ordered her fortress to be destroyed to the ground, she was dug up, her area was dug up with shovels, so that all her land was leveled and sowing was done on the foam as a sign of contempt. Its features (related to the fact) that it was very large and accommodated a lot of people, there was no one from the population of the city, whether he was rich or poor, who would not have a house in it.In the middle of it was built another (fortress ), for the rulers, above that one, and water flowed from it to that one below it; in the one below, water appeared only at a depth of 70 cubits. The reason for this, they say, is that the upper (fortress) was a mountain in which there was a source of water, and the one below was collected from the earth brought to it | 51 | foot. When Nessa at the time of Hystaspes, ( Hystaspes - the mythical king of Iran, whose name is probably associated with the name of the historical father Darius I) donating the Persians, became a border fortress, delaying (enemies), and a border blocking access, between the Turks and Persians, the inhabitants of that country were forced to collect this land at the foot of the mountain, and the fortress increased. So, when they heard what Beha-ad-din Muhammad ibn Abu-Sahl conveyed on behalf of the Sultan, they preferred the restoration of the fortress to leaving (from the city). The vizier Zahir-ad-din Mas'ud ibn al-Munawwar ash-Shashi began to build it by forced labor (suhra) ( The term "suhra" *** is rare. It is always used in the sense of forced labor, duty, which is imposed by the power of the ruler on the working population of the village and city. Wed this term in at-Tabari, II. page 874) and others (methods). He built a wall around it, like the walls of gardens, and the people closed themselves in the pen. And with them were Shihab-ad-din Abu-Sa "d ibn Omar al-Khivaki and several people from the inhabitants of Khorezm. When the emir of Taj-ad-diya Muhammad ibn Sa" id, his maternal uncle was emir Izz-ad-din Keyhosrau and several emirs of Khorasan learned about the stay of the mentioned (Shihab-ad-din) there, they wanted to go to him and stay around him for days of testing, so that this would be a savings useful for them before the Sultan, and a veil that protects them from the machinations of the children of time . And it happened that Genghis Khan allocated (for a campaign) to Khorasan his son-in-law Toguchar Noyon ( Edition: Tifjar. Noyon is a Mongolian title corresponding to the Turkic "bek" (biy); it was worn by military leaders and large feudal lords) and an emir from his leaders named Burka-noyon ( In edition: Yerke; compare: Turkestan, p. 457) with 10,000 horsemen, so that they robbed and burned it, sucked out the marrow of the bones and blood lived it and left the remains and corpses. A separate detachment of them, led by the emir, known by the name of El-Kush, reached Nesa. The inhabitants of (Nesa) met them with shooting (from a bow); one arrow hit El-Kush in the chest and he fell dead. They (Tatars) were angry with the inhabitants of Nesa for this and began to besiege it earlier than other cities of Khorasan. They moved on it with all kinds (troops), as numerous as the black night. They besieged her fortress (Nesa) for 15 days, not weakening the battle day or night. Against her, 20 catapults (madzhanik) were installed, which were pulled by infantrymen (rajala), ( The use of prisoners and, in general, residents of the conquered regions, both for siege work and as advanced detachments that served as a barrier for the Mongols, was common in the military practice of the latter. In Persian sources, they are mainly called hashar. See below, in Juvaini, p. 486 ff. Here the term "unclenched" should not be understood in the sense of a regular army, namely in the indicated sense - hashar; cf. at the same Nesev below, p. 474) collected from the regions of Khorasan. And they (Tatars) drove the prisoners under cover - tents like rams (jamalup), ( The exact meaning of the word *** is unknown, originally - the back of a donkey) made of wood and covered with skins - and if they returned without delivering them to the wall, their heads would be cut off. They did this until they made a hole in it (the wall), which (it was impossible) to close up, then all the Tatars put on their combat chain mail and attacked it (the fortress) at night, took possession of the wall and settled down on it, and the people (residents of Nesa) hid in their homes.. When the day came, they (the Tatars) went down to them from the steppe and poked them on a field behind the gardens, called .... ( Unreadable) like a flock of sheep driven by shepherds. Tatars did not stretch their hands to booty and robbery, | 52 | until they were gathered in this vast field with children and women; screams tore the veils of the heavens, and screams filled the air. Then they ordered the people to bind each other, and they helplessly did it, and if they had not done this, they would have fled, trying to escape, and would have fled without a fight - and the mountains are close - in this case, most of them were saved would. When they were bound, they (the Tatars) came to them with bows, threw them to the ground and fed them to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the air. (How much was) spilled blood, torn clothes, ( i.e. raped women) children killed and abandoned at the breast of their mothers. The number of those killed from her (Nesa) population, from those who hid in the pei, from visitors and peasants (rai "a) of her district, was, according to someone, 70,000, and this is only one district from the districts of Khorasan. And Shihab-ad-din al-Khivaki and his son, the excellent seyyid Taj-ad-din, were brought bound to Toguchar-noyon and Burka, and chests with his (Shihab-ad-din) treasures were brought; they (the Tatars) emptied them before them, so that the gold separated it from them. They were killed as martyrs, and he (Shihab-ad-din) is now buried in Nes, in a tomb (mazar) called Mil Jaffna (***).

A short description of part of what happened in Khorasan after the (flight) of the Sultan, and there is no need for a detailed (description), since the events are similar to each other and there was nothing but a general beating and destruction. When the Sultan fled to Iraq, leaving without supervision what was behind him from the districts of Khorasan, and Jebe Noyon followed him in pursuit ( Publisher: Yeme Noyan) and Subutai Behadur, ( Jebe-noyoi and Subutai (Subadai)-behadur were sent by Genghis Khan in pursuit of the Khorezmshah Muhammad and on the way back through the Caucasus they defeated Russian and Polovtsian troops at Kalka) when the cursed Toguchar and Burka crossed the river (Jeyhun) to Khorasan and what we described happened in Nes, they (the Tatars divided into Khorasan localities, formed detachments and dispersed into particles. When a thousand horsemen attacked some area of ​​​​his (Khorasan), they gathered foot soldiers from her villages, moved with them to the (central) city, installed siege engines with their help and made breaches (in the walls) until they took possession of it (the city). fire or dweller in the house.Fear seized the souls, so that he who was in captivity were | 53 | calmer in heart than the one who sat in his house, waiting for events. At that time I was in my fortress, known as Harandiz, and she is from the main fortresses of Khorasan; I do not know which of my ancestors first owned it, the stories about it contradict each other depending on the inclination (of the narrators), but I can only tell the authentic. It is believed that it has been in their hands since Islam arose and dawned in Khorasan, and Allah knows best. And so, when the world raged in turmoil, it (the fortress) became a place where the captives fled, and a refuge for those who were afraid, since it is located in the center of the country and inhabited locally (People) who had servants and the most famous of the rich fled there barefoot and naked, and as far as possible I covered their nakedness and assisted them in what befell them, then brought them to those of their families whom the swords had passed. They (Tatars) did this until they captured Khorasan to the very end. A man named Khabash ran over to them ( Khabash-amid, close associate of Chagatai, son of Genghis Khan; about it see: W. Barthold, Caghatai, EI) from Kahij (***), and this is one of the estates (give "a) of Ustuva Khabushan; he was a sarkhang, and for the sake of ridicule and mockery they called him a melik, made him a commander over the apostates and entrusted him with the installation of siege machines and the management of foot soldiers "People suffered terrible calamities from him, unbearable humiliation and torment sent down from heaven. He began to take insidious actions and write to the rais of estates (ruusa-ad diya '), and the estates of Khorasan possessed walls, ditches and cathedral mosques, their rais possessed power. He he ordered one of them to come himself along with his subjects (paradise "at), with hoes, shovels and what he could (gather) from bows and siege weapons. If he did this, then Khabash besieged one of the cities with them, they took possession of it and shed cruelty of torment on them (the inhabitants); if he neglected this (order) and dissuaded, then he (Khabash) went to him, besieged him, led him and those who were with him, put them to the sword and sent them along the path of death. They (the Tatars) postponed the siege of Nishapur until they had finished with the destruction of the rest of the districts, which were considered subordinate to him, and there were more than 20 cities. Then they all went to Nishapur to give its inhabitants a taste of the disasters from them, and those of them who were in the localities in the form of separate detachments gathered to him | 54 | Khorasan. When they approached him, his inhabitants came out and attacked them, an arrow hit the cursed Toguchar in the chest, took over the place of his soul and protected people from his anger, he went into the blazing fire of Allah, which gets to the very hearts. Seeing the superiority of the people, the Tatars realized that it (Nishapur) could be taken only if reinforcements arrived. They left him and wrote to Genghis Khan, asking him for reinforcements and help, and he sent Kaiku-noyon, Kadbuk-noyon, Tulun-cherbi and several other emirs with 60,000 horsemen to reinforce them. They came to him (Nishapur) and surrounded him at the end of 618 (= end of 1221). This was after the departure of Jalal-ad-din to India. When they approached him, they stopped to the east of him in the village of Nushajan (***). abounding with trees and water and (remained there) until they replenished what they lacked from turtles (mattress), movable towers (dabbaba), catapults (majanik) and battering rams (jamalun). ( The following terms are in the original: *** *** *** - the exact meaning of each of these terms in the scientific literature, as far as is known, has not been established) Then they rushed towards it, and that day they set up 200 fully armed siege engines and fired from them. After 3 days they took possession of it and annexed it to the rest of the cities, so that it became like the others. A stream passed through him, and misfortune seized him, and they began to cry over him day and night. Then. they (the Tatars) ordered the prisoners to level it with shovels, so that there was flat ground, without clods and stones, the horsemen could not be afraid to stumble there, playing balls. Most of its population died underground, as they made cellars and underground passages for themselves, thinking that they would protect them. When Jalal-ad-din came from India, as will be explained later, and took possession of the region of Khorasan and the adjacent (places) of Iraq and Mazanderan in their ruined (state), digging out treasures was farmed out for 3000 dinars a year, and sometimes the farmer assumed such an amount and found so much in one day, since the property remained buried in the cellars along with their owners. This example applies to the rest of the cities of Khorasan, Khorezm, Iraq, Mazanderan, Azerbaijan, Gur, Ghazna, Bamiyan and Sejestan up to the borders of India; if I were to describe them separately, only the names of the besieger and the besieged would change; thus there is no need to be verbose on this.

|58 | [Nizam-ad-din as-Sam"ani wanted to hide in some fortress], arrived in the fortress of Harandiz and stayed there for 2 months. Despite his nobility and high position, he preached several times in the fortress because of the fire, (raging) in his soul, and the fluctuation of his hopes.Maybe, if he had been instructed to preach sermons in Khorezm, when the people were (ordinary) people and time - ordinary time, he would have refused it.When he mentioned in his sermon Sultan, he could not help crying, he began to sob, and the listeners also began to cry and utter screams.

When the Tatars captured Nessa, and she was the first of the cities of Khorasan that they captured, and he (Nizam-ad-din) found out about the murder of Imam Shihab-ad-din al-Khivaki there, fear overtook him, and horror and cowardice seized him . He went around the fortifications of the fortress with me and showed them places where even ants would slip if they climbed, and where birds could not climb if they flew, and said: “This is where the Tatars will rise.” It so happened that Nachin-noyon, one of the nobles of the tyrant (Genghis Khan), reached the fortress on the third day after they took Nesa and stopped on the only side where it was possible to go down (from the fortress). As soon as Nizam-ad-din saw this, his patience left him and terror seized him, he began to insist that I lead him through the mountains on some safe side with his retinue, mounts, slaves and things. I did this with hidden disapproval, even with obvious disapproval, and was surprised at the fear into which the pillars and nobles of the state fell. At the same time, they did not believe that any fortress could protect them or that any force could repel and drive away (the enemy). We will ask Allah not to leave us without help. The mentioned (Nizam-ad-din) descended (from the fortress) over the mountains from their western side, and the Tatars stood on the eastern side. When they descended from above (the fortress) onto a hill that cannot be walked on, they rolled to the very foot of the hill and several of their mounts were smashed. The mentioned (Nizam-ad-din) arrived in Khorezm, while there were the sons of the Sultan returning from the island, and sent me a letter from Ozlag Shah, ( Qutb-ad-din Ozlag-shah - son of Khorezmshah Muhammad) (granting) large lands. So, when the accursed Nachin-noyon saw that this fortress, like an eagle of air, that there was neither access nor attack to it, he sent an ambassador and made demands. He demanded 10,000 cubits of cloth and a few other low things; (this is because of) the baseness imprinted in his nature and branded on him with fire, or rather with shame; he did not have enough clothes, which he captured from the inhabitants of Nesa. I agreed to what he demanded in order to turn away | 59 | it is the lesser evil (evil). When the matter was collected, none of the (inhabitants) of the fortress could dare to take it to them, since they knew that they kill anyone who deals with them, even if it was an ambassador or fulfilling (their) demand. Finally, two decrepit old men from the inhabitants of the fortress agreed to this, sacrificing themselves; they brought their children and bequeathed to take care of them and do good to them if they were killed. This (matter) was attributed to the accursed, he accepted it, killed the old people and left. Then he began to raid her (Nesa) district and drove so many cattle that they filled the valleys and the plains became cramped for him .., ( The words are so garbled they can't be understood) It is surprising that while Khorasan was filled with murders, and the mentioned fortress differed from other places in that it survived from their raids and escaped from their revenge, a plague appeared in it and put to death many of its inhabitants. One day, so many funeral processions came out of it (the fortress) that they overtook one another. The angel of death delivered them from the torments of the siege; Praise be to the one who chose (destiny) of creations - death. The author (poetry) said well:

He who does not die by the sword will die otherwise
The reasons vary, but the trouble is the same.

Description of the departure of Jalal-ad-din from Khorezm and its reasons

(Jalal-ad-din Menkuberti - the son of Khorezmshah Muhammad - after the death of his father (617=1220) returned to Khorezm, then resisted the Mongols in Khorasan and India; later took possession of most of Iran, but was again defeated by the Mongols and killed in 1220 (= 1230/31; g)

When Jalal-ad-din learned that his brother Ozlag Shah and those who from the emirs conspired with him to seize him and decided to destroy him, he rode out on horseback with 300 horsemen led by Damar-melik and crossed the inaccessible desert between Khorezm and Khorasan in a few days, but usually they pass in 16 day's passages due to the fact that they interrupt their journey and (make) the usual transitions and stops. He came out of it (desert) | 60 | to the district of Nesa. And Genghis Khan, when he learned about the return of the sons of the Sultan to Khorezm, sent a large army there and ordered his troops in Khorasan to scatter along the border of this desert and guard. They arranged a ring along the mentioned desert from the borders of Merv to the border of Shahrastan, and this is one of the regions of Ferava, in order to seize the sons of the Sultan, when they, ousted from Khorezm, decide to leave for Khorasan. On the border of the desert, at Nesa, there were 700 horsemen of them (Mongols), and people did not know the reason for their being there until Jalal-ad-din came out of the desert. He fought with them, and both sides reached the highest limit possible in the combat of opponents, in hand-to-hand combat and fighting with spears. (The battle) ended in the defeat of the Tatars, they abandoned their booty, their weapons, equipment and food, and only a few cowards escaped from them, who fled in fear and froze. This is the first Muslim sword, stained with their blood and played with their bodies cut into pieces. Jalal-ad-din told me after his rise and the strengthening of his power: “If it weren’t for the fact that they, that is, the Tatars, abandoned the districts of Nesa, and not that they helped us with the horses that they had, then we wouldn’t would have been able to reach Nishapur because of the weakness of our mines, on which we crossed the desert. And part of the Tatars rushed into the underground channels of the district, when it became difficult for them to run, and swords and spears appeared before them; the peasants (fellah) brought them out and drove them into the city, and (there) they cut off their heads. At that time, I was in Ness in the Service of Emir Ikhtiyar-ad-Din Zengi ibn Muhammad ibn Hamza, and the latter did not know what had happened to the Tatars. And so the mentioned (emir) received a letter from the rais Juvanmend (***), - and this is one of the villages of Nesa, - in which he wrote: “This afternoon a cavalry came to us, including 300 people with black banners; they claimed that Jalal-ad-din was among them and that they exterminated the Tatars who were in Nes. We did not believe them until one of them came close to the wall and said: “You are sorry for this caution of yours, and the Sultan is grateful to you for it; give us food and feed for the horses as much as we need to satisfy our hunger and what will help us to leave; (otherwise) you will find out the situation later and regret it." He (rais) continued: "And so we gave them what they needed, and they left after a while." The owner of Nesa was convinced that the one who attacked the Tatars located in Nes was Jalal ad-din | 61 | and sent one of his attendants with horses and laden mules, as a sign of service, but (he) did not catch up with him. Jalal-ad-din went to Nishapur, and the one who went with horses and mules remained in the fortress of Harandiz until they arrived, three days after him, Ozlag-shah and Ak-shah ( Ak-shah, he is also Ak-sultan, brother of Jalal-ad-din Menkuberti) with those who fled from the Tatars, and he provided them (horses and mules) to them. Jalal ad-din, however, arrived in Nishapur as a winner and educated in what Allah helped him in - the fact that his sword was stained with the blood of the infidels.

[The flight of Qutb-ad-din Ozlag-shah from Khorezm following Jalal-addin.] He (Qutb-ad-din) arrived in Marj Saig, and the ambassador of Nesa appeared to him with horses intended as a gift from Jalal-ad- dinu; they, despite their insignificance and a small number, were received with gratitude, and for this he assigned to the ruler of Nessa some areas beyond the area that was in his hands. The owner of Nesa was very happy, because he was pleased that he was alone in safety because of his return to Nesa in the time of the Tatars and that he regained his hereditary possession without objection from anyone and without an order from the Sultan, on | 62 | which could be based and justified. [Then follows a description of the further flight of Ozlag Shah and Ak Shah. and their deaths.]

|64 | [Jalal-ad-din from Nishapur sent out letters about preparing resistance to the Tatars.] But Ihtiyar-ad-din Zengi ibn Muhammad ibn Hamza returned to Nesa before that, took possession of the right taken from him and returned the robbed inheritance. Despite the fact that he was sure of the death of the Sultan, he did not dare to declare himself independent. Diplomas (tavka") and berats, ( Berats - appropriations for receiving amounts from tax dues ( V. V. Bartold. Persian inscription on the wall of the Ani Mosque Manuche, p. 26, approx. one) that were written, he signed with the signatures of those who succeeded the Sultan (Muhammad) in Nes before the Tatars took possession of it. (He | 64 | did so) until he received a letter from Jalal-ad-din with his approval in what his hands managed to take possession of; return (of what was taken away) and a promise to add if he (Jalal-ad-din) sees a better service from him. And the forms again became Ichthyar.

|65 | Bedr-ad-din Inanj Khan was one of the greatest emirs of the Sultan, one of his hajibs, (one of) the main leaders and nobles. The Sultan appointed him among those whom he appointed in Bukhara, as already described; then, when the Tatars captured it (Bukhara), fear drove him into the desert adjacent to Nes, with a small detachment of his (own) people and others. He was where those who seek places for camping do not dare to go, and those who go to a watering hole are not seen, where there is neither water nor food. When Ihtiyar-ad-din Zengi, the ruler of Nesa, heard that he was there out of fear, he wished to supply him so that it would be for himself a supply useful to the Sultan, and a veil separating him from those who dispute his hereditary right. He sent a (letter) to him, congratulating him on his well-being and promising him all that he could from gifts so that he would place the staff of stay near him. (He did this) because he knew about his (Bedr ad-din) high place and inaccessible position and | 66 | hoped to take advantage of his favorable speeches and expected power. And he (Khtiyar) said: "If the reason for moving into the desert is the fear of a sudden attack by the Tatars, then we do not lose sight of where they stop and where they go." The mentioned (Inanj Khan) went to Nesa, and Ikhtiyar-ad-din helped him with what was possible from weapons, mounts, clothes, supplies and food, so that his situation improved and his disorder stopped. Abu-l-Fatkh, rais of Nashdzhuvan (***), and this is one of the main villages of Nesa, which has a cultivated area, a wall, a moat and towers (bashur), was on the side of the Tatars and corresponded with them; he informed (Tatars), when the troops stationed in Khorezm died, that Inanj Khan was in Nes, and conspired with its owner. An army was sent to him to pursue Inanj Khan and capture him. When (the detachment) arrived in Nashjuvan, the rais gave it to them (the guide), who showed them the way to Inanj Khan. And he (Inanj Khan) was close to him, and during his stay in Nes and its environs, all those of the troops of the Sultan who retired to some corner and were exhausted in some place joined him. He lined up (in battle order) against the enemy and excited the faithful to fight. And I participated in this battle, happy in the superiority of those who fight for the faith over those sitting at home, since I accompanied him, replacing the ruler of Nesa in assisting his aspirations and fulfilling his requirements, so that he would not need what necessity would force him to turn to. And I saw how Inanj Khan (made) in battle such that if Rustem had seen it in his time, he would have been struck by his handling of the bridle and taught would his skill with sword and spear. When a fight broke out, he himself plunged into its abyss, hit with both hands and cut chain mail in half. The Tatars attacked him twice, and he strongly resisted them. And now the air was deafened by the grinding of iron on iron, the swords quenched the thirst of their breasts at the watering place of the carotid artery. Inanj Khan's sword was shattered when the coal of battle flared up and the flames of battle intensified, his horse fell under him; they brought him a spare horse and gave him some kind of sword. His companions freed him from the soldiers surrounding him and the mixing of ranks. When he jumped on the back of his horse, he attacked them in such a way that this attack made the decision of the battle and the end of the battle. The defeated (Tatars) showed the rear and turned back in helplessness, thinking that flight would save them from persecution and protect them from death ( The satisfaction of their death became alive in him, and the rage died). Where to? After all, behind them are horses with long necks, and in front of them is a waterless desert. | 67 | Inanj pursued the defeated to Nashjuvan, intoxicated with their extermination, thirsting for their blood. All that day he cut their behinds with his sword and took their lives, chasing them into every hole and pulling them out from where they fled.

At the end of the day, he reached Nashjuvan, and a group of them (Tatars), pieces, (ground) with a millstone of battle, retired there; they stood at the gates of it (Nashjuvan) and called Abu-l-Fatha. Abu-l-Fath, however, refused (let them in) after blackening his face with the ointment of apostasy and dressing himself in order to lose both worlds (this and the future), in the clothes of falling away (from Islam). When they saw the intensification of the pursuit, they began to rush into the water, and Inanj Khan with those who arrived with him from the fastest horsemen, stood and poured rain (arrows) from a cloud of bows on them until they drowned and fell into hell . When he (Inanj Khan) returned to his camp with a victorious banner and glory reaching the equator, he sent an ambassador to the ruler of Nesa with the joyful news that Allah helped him (achieve) what he wanted and sent his arrows straight to the target. He sent with him (the ambassador) 10 Tatar horses as a gift and 10 captives and ordered him (Ikhtiyar) to besiege Nashjuvan and clear it of Abu-l-Fath. He laid siege to it, took it, and Abu-l-Fath died in a vice. (Instrument of torture) He lost (thus) both this life and the future, and this is a clear loss. Inanj Khan went towards Abiverd, reverence for him in the souls became great; he took the kharaj from Abiverd, and no one began to argue (with him about this). There, the leaders of the Sultan's troops came to him, who were thrown hither and thither by the vicissitudes of fate, concealed | 68 | gorges and valleys, such as: Iltaj-melik, Tegin-melik, Bakshan Jen-kashi, ( The readings of all these names are doubtful) Kejidek-amirahur, Amiya-ad-din Rafik, a servant (khadim) and several others. He returned to Nesa, and his troops increased, his supporters and troops multiplied. His arrival there coincided with the departure along his path (i.e., death) Ikhtiyar-ad-din Zengi; he (Inanj Khan) demanded from his successor that he grant him the kharaj of 618 (= 1221) as an allowance for feeding those who joined him from the Sultan's troops. He agreed to this, voluntarily or out of fear; he (Inanj Khan) collected it (kharaj) and distributed it to them (the troops). From there he went to Sabzevar from the district of Nishapur, and there (was) Ilchi-pahlavan, who took possession of it. He (Inanj Khan) wanted to take possession of it (Sabzevar), and they met outside of it (the city). The battle ended with the flight of Ilchi-pahlavan; his flight led him to Jalal-ad-din, who then (was) in the depths of India. (As a result of this) the courage of Inanj Khan increased, and his importance spread to all the remotest places of Khorasan and all other places (surviving) from the turmoil. Then Kuch-tegin-pahlavan, who was in Merv and captured the remnants of it, which fate spared, crossed the Jeyhun to Bukhara, attacked a detachment of Tatars stationed in it there, and killed him; he set in motion (by this) the calamity that was at rest, and set fire to the extinguished malice. They, in the number of 10,000 horsemen, pursued him and put him to flight; his flight led him to Sabzevar, where Ikenku, the son of Ilchi-pahlavan, was. They both abandoned him (Sabzevar) and decided to go to Dzhurjan and join Inanj Khan, who at that time was under him (Dzhurdzhan). They went to him, and the Tatars were chasing them, they (both) hesitated between (the desire) to fight and flight, and changed the course (of their horses) from a walk to a trot. They found him (Inanj-khan) in al-Khalka (***), and this is an open place between Jurjan and Astrabad, large enough for battle and battle; the Tatars arrived two days after them, and both sides lined up against each other. Then the furnace (battle) flared up and the leaders and the rank and file mixed up; swords were visible, taking out brains from skulls, and spears, lapping (blood) from hearts; then a cloud of dust rose and hid the objects from view, so that it was impossible to distinguish the spears from the blades of the swords. Of the famous men and brave heroes, Serkenku and Kejidek-amirahur, two horses that competed in battle and battle, were killed that day.

The ground took on the color of anemones from the smeared blood of necks and shoulders. | 69 | Finally, the legs of the Turks trembled, and they partly died, partly were captured. Inanj Khan took to flight, his horses were galloping all the time, and his retinue dumped their belongings until they reached Giyas ad-din Pirshah, (Giyas -ad-din Pirshah - the second son of Khorezmshah Muhammad) located in Rhea. He rejoiced at his arrival and recognized his merits; he did him honor until he wanted to woo his mother, which caused the removal from the goal and had the consequence of shame and disgrace; He (Inanj Khan) lived only a few days after that, and it is said that someone was sent to him, who made him drink a (poisonous) tincture and killed him on his bed. Allah knows best if this is true. He is buried in the Salman Gorge in the Fars region, (and his grave) is known and visited. The Battle of Jurjan took place in 619 (= 1222). I also participated in it, and the vicissitudes of the war threw me to the ispehbed Imad-ad-daula Nusret-ad-din Muhammad ibn Kabudjam, who was in the fortress of Humayun; he showed me signs of respect, and I stayed with him for a while; when the roads became safe, he sent me to my fortress with honor.

|92 | Description of the siege by the Tatars of Khorezm in Zu-l-ka'de 617 (= XII 1220 - I 1221) and its capture in Safar 618 (= III-IV 1221)

Its siege is singled out in the description from other cities because of its significance and the fact that the invasion of the Tatars began with it. When the Sultan's sons left Khorezm, as we have described, the Tatars reached its borders and stood at a distance from it until they had finished their siege and armaments and until reinforcements from all countries and auxiliary troops arrived. The first to arrive was Badji-bek with a large army, then the son of Genghis Khan | 93 | Ogedei, ( Ogedei - Great Khan (1227-1241) and now he is a hakan. Then the insidious (i.e. Genghis Khan) sent his own guards after them, led by Bugurji Noyon, ( In the publication: *** cf.: Turkestan, p. 467) with the best devils and the worst demons, and then his son Chagatai with Tulup-cherbi, Ustun-noyon, Kazan-noyon and a hundred thousand or more. They began to prepare for the siege and make weapons - catapults, turtles, mobile towers. When they saw that there were no stones for siege engines in Khorezm and its region, they found there enough and even more mulberry roots with strong trunks and large roots; they began to cut round pieces from it, and then soak them in water, they became like stones in weight and hardness, and they (the Tatars) replaced them with stones for siege engines. They remained at a distance from him (Khorezm) until they finished their tools. Then Dushi Khan ( That is, Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan (died in 1227); his descendants were khans of the Golden Horde) with his people arrived in Maverannahr and entered with them (the inhabitants of Khorezm) in negotiations, exhorting them and warning them. He promised them mercy if they surrendered it (Khorezm) in peace, and said that Genghis Khan granted it to him and that he firmly intended to annex it to himself (to his possessions), would try to keep it for himself, and this was indicated by the fact that that this army, while it stands close to it (Khorezm), did not try to plunder its volosts, distinguishing it from other (regions) with great attention and greater mercy and fearing to leave it to death and destruction, that the hand of destruction would not touch it. The wise among them were inclined to make peace, but the views of the foolish prevailed over the views of the wise by incitement, and the Cause of the silent one perishes. The Sultan, while on the island, wrote to them: “The people of Khorezm have continuous rights to us and our ancestors and obligations, old and present, which make it obligatory for us to advise them and fear for them. This enemy is a victorious enemy, you must make peace, (go) but in the easiest way and avert evil in the most appropriate way. But the stupid ruled over the views of the wise, the instruction received did not bring any benefit, and the power left the hands of its owners. Then Dushi Khan moved towards him (Khorezm) with a crowd (like) the sea, uniting (everything) separate into one whole. He began to take it quarter by quarter. When he took one of them (quarters), people sought refuge in the other, fought the strongest battle and defended themselves | 94 | and their families with the strongest protection. (So ​​it was) until the situation became hopeless and the evil did not show its fangs; they had only three blocks left, and people crowded into them in cramped quarters. When they had no ways (protection) left and the paths became narrow for them, the faqih of the excellent Ala-ad-dim al-Khayati, the mukhtasib of Khorezm, whom the sultan respected for perfection in science and action, they sent a powerless, asking about intercession; this now, when his claws were already stuck and his fangs and chest were bloody. Why not (do) this before the situation has become hopeless and the time for the power of benevolence has expired. Dushi Khan ordered to honor him and put up a tent for him from his (own) tents. When he (Ala-ad-din) appeared (before him), he said, among other things he said: "We have already seen the fear of the Khan, now we will see something from his mercy." The accursed one became angry and said: “What did they see out of fear? They killed people and fought for a long time. It was I who saw the fear, now I will show them the fear of me.” He ordered, and people began to be taken out one by one and in groups, at once and in parts. It was announced that the artisans would separate and step aside. Some of them did (this) and escaped, some thought that the artisans would be driven to their (Tatars) country, and the rest would be left in their homeland, and they would live in their dwellings and dwellings, so they did not separate. Then they (the Tatars) turned swords, spears and bows against them, threw them to the ground and gathered them in the dominions of death.

* Events in northern Khorasan

|99 | [When Sultan Jalal-ad-din was in India], the most courageous of his father's warriors gathered to Ghiyas-ad-din, who were hidden by thickets and covered by mountains. He rushed with them to Iraq, took possession of it, and a khutba was established for him in Khorasan, Iraq and Mazanderan, as we have mentioned. He was at enmity with everyone who seized his area and did not bring him gifts, expressing humility only in words. Taj-ad-din Qamar took possession of Nishapur and the regions around it, despite their disordered situation and lack of property; Iltuku, the son of Ilchi-pahlavan, took possession of Shiraz, ( This seems to be a scribal error. Shiraz is out of the question. Apparently, it is necessary to read Sabzevar) Beyhak and what is attached to them. Shal al-Himayi began to rule Juvain, Jam, Vakharz and what borders them. One of the commanders, who took the honorary name of Nizam-ad-din, took possession of Isfarain, Bandwar ( In edition: ***; m. b. should read: Sabzevar) and what is adjacent to them; another, who was a military leader and in the time of the great Sultan was in disgrace, known under the name of Shems-ad-din Ali ibn Omar, captured the fortress, Salul, ( In the text ***, apparently, this is the same fortress that Juvaini (below, p. 489) calls Su "luk) his brand ignited, and battles between them and Nizam-ad-din followed one after another, in which many people died. And Ikhtiyar-ad-din Zengi ibn Muhammad ibn Omar ibn Hamza returned to Nessa; he, his brothers and cousins ​​were in Khorezm for 19 years, and they were not allowed out. He returned to (the country) that his father had left him and took possession of it, but his days did not last long: his cousin Nusret ad-din Hamza ibn Muhammad ibn Omar ibn Hamza took his place. Taj ad-din Omar ibn Mas "ud, and he was from the Turkmens, took possession of Abiverd and Harkan up to the places adjacent to Merv, and occupied the fortress of Marga And so (everyone) fought with each other (from) fish (to) celestial spheres. Such was the situation in Khorasan, and such was the situation in Mazanderan and Iraq, and there is no need to expand.

|104 | Description of the reason that I arrived at the court of the Sultan (Jalal-ad-din) and remained in his service. When Nusret-ad-din Hamzah ibn Muhammad ibn Omar ibn Hamzah inherited Nesa from his cousin, as I have already explained, he made me deputy in his affairs and trusted me in what he was about to undertake. And he was a marvel of excellence and a sea of ​​generosity; he memorized "Sikt az-zend" by Abu-l-Ala, "al-Yemini" by al-Utbi, "ah-Mulakhhas" by Fakhr-ad-din ar-Razi and "al-Isharat" by Sheikh ar-Rais. He owned poems collected in sofas in Arabic and | 105 | in Persian. From his poems, written while he was in prison:

Truly I, in the chains of fate,
Like a pearl still in its shell.
The neck of greatness was adorned with my value,
And my superiority is strung in a necklace of nobility.
Truly, despite the malice of my envious people,
I am a worthy successor to my proud ancestors.
And if time does not recognize my dignity,
That is a mistake that comes from decrepitude.
The nations will see my sadness,
Like the full moon, hiding in the darkness during the 8atmenia.
Then the fates will come, and the humble
They will say: I'm sorry for what has passed.

And his correspondence is permitted witchcraft and pure water, it surpasses the brilliance of beauty and is perfumed with the aroma of the north wind. And from what he wrote to me while I was with Iyaanjkhanoi in Mazanderan, before power passed to him ... ( This is followed by a letter that is completely empty of content and, due to the “high style”, is almost impossible to translate into Russian.)

|106 | This is an example of what this perfect one has achieved, it can be offered with the most complete justice, instead of a panegyric and an ode. Its superiority in the original sciences ( The original sciences - hadith, history, literature, fiqh, etc., as opposed to the new ones, i.e. exact spiders) is attached to the rest of its qualities; he devoted himself to studying them during his stay in Khorezm, and it (lasted) 19 years. His judgments on the stars (i.e. horoscopes) rarely failed. When there was no news about the Sultan (Jalal-ad-din) and he was in the depths of India, he said that he (Jalal-ad-din) would still appear, would reign and establish order, and that Ghiyas-ad-din would not succeed that his star does not show well-being, that it is a flicker that will go out. For this reason, he, one of all those who seized power in the cities, did not read the khutba to Ghiyas ad-din. After some time, it happened as he said, and the matter turned out as he predicted, but this happened after his death. It happened as they say (in the proverb) - you learned one thing, and many hid from you. He predicted that the sultan would appear and that his affairs would be in order, but he did not know that he himself would perish before his appearance; he was deceived in expectations and made a mistake in reasoning.

Oh, comforting me with a promise, while death (may come) earlier.
When I die of thirst, let no drops (of rain) fall.

When Giyas-ad-din found out what he thought about the Sultan (Jalal-ad-din) and that he (Nusret-ad-din), in contrast to others like him, prefers him and is inclined to him, he sent Tuluk against him ibn Inanj Khan with the army of his father, gave him Arslan Khan and several others to help him and wrote to those who capture the surrounding places, ordering them to follow his (Tuluk) instructions in what he (seems fit) to send ahead or leave behind , and try to help him in what he will undertake or postpone. When Nusret-ad-din found out about this, he began to consult with his advisers on how to remove the trouble and repel the formidable danger. The result of their efforts was (the decision) to send me to the court of Giyas ad-din with a certain amount of money in order to avert the flaring | 107 | confusion and shut up open mouths. Despite my disapproval of it, I went there. After some time at the limits of Ra'd (***) at night, I came across Ibn Inanj Khan; hiding under the hem of the black night, I ran like an ostrich, not even like Moses (when God called him). When I reached Dzhurjan, I saw his tent outside; I was told that they belonged to the Emir of Kuch-Kandy, who arrived from the court of Jalal-ad-Din, heading to Khorasan to replace Orkhan there. (I) was told about what happened in Rey, about the termination of the power of Ghiyath ad-din and the establishment of the power of Jalal ad-din. I went to him (Kuch-Kandi), for joy I did not know how I was going, I did not fly at all. I sat with him for a long time and heard a full and detailed (report) on the state of affairs. Then I thought about (my) business and realized that there was no way to turn back and that only the order of the Sultan could turn Ibn Inanj Khan away from Nesa, into which his claws had already grabbed. I arrived in Astrabad, and there was the melik Taj-ad-din al-Hasan, who was preparing to go to the court of Jalal-ad-din. I decided to accompany him and began to urge him to hurry. While he was loading things on pack animals, a detachment of Danishmend Khan appeared on the border of his district, and he was an adherent of Giyas ad-Din and should not have trampled on the edges of the Sultan's carpet. Because of this, his (Taj ad-din) preparations were upset, and necessity forced me to return to the Bistam road. I returned to it and cautiously went to Rey, and from there hastily to Isfahan. I was followed by news of the siege of Nesa and the intensification of its siege, which did not allow me to calm down and (freely) breathe, but I stayed in Isfahan for two months out of necessity, and not at will ... [The following describes the reasons that prevented Nesevi the opportunity to get to Jalal-ad-din, his arrival in Hamadan, where the camp of Jalal-ad-din was, but he himself was not there, and negotiations with those close to Jalal-ad-din] . Th they have already appointed one | 108 | from those close to me, who was supposed to accompany me to Nesa in order to drive out Ibn Inanj Khan from there and present him to the court of the Sultan. No more than two or three days passed, when a messenger arrived with the news of the death of Nusret ad-din, that Ibn Inanj Khan led him out of the fortress of Nesa, then ordered him to be brought to him, threw him (to the ground) so that deceive (the hopes) of those who hoped, ruined him in order to cause unpleasantness to free people, and he was ruined in the prime of life. I began to mourn for him all the messengers of glory and mourn him with bloody tears; I remained among them, defeated (in horror) and with pain in my heart uttered verses:

In his looks and wit were for me
Sure signs that he's about to die.

And Ibn Inanj Khan rewarded me for my past service to his father in Nes and Jurjan by killing those whom he could capture from my servants, | 109 | plundering what I found of my things, and destroying in my house what I inherited and acquired myself.

|149 | Description of my appointment as vizier of Nesa and what happened because of this between me and Diya-al-mulk. Diya-al-mulk Ala-ad-din Muhammad ibn Maudud al-ariz an-Nesavi belonged to the family of rais. Even those who do not love him recognize his superiority, and consider him worthy even of his opponent. A disastrous disaster and a most difficult situation, (caused by the appearance of the Tatars and their conquest of countries, threw him into Ghazna, and yours remained, having no definite intentions, waiting for the dawn of happiness, until the sultan returned there, as was told earlier. Then he continued his service to him, got in control sofas insha ( Sofa insha - office, drawing up state documents, the same "as sofa-i-risalat) and arz and appointed his deputies in them. He strengthened to such an extent that Sheref-al-mulk suspected competition on his part in the viziership itself. But when I arrived from Nessa as an ambassador, as I said (before), and it proved impossible to return, I was attracted by the threads of mercy, and I began to rise from one position to another until I took upon myself the duty of compiling papers. The position of Diya-al-mulk became difficult, he did not want to stay at the Sultan's court and decided to retire to the outskirts. He appointed arz al-Majd al-Nisaburi as his deputy in the divan and took over the viziership of Nesa, despite the insignificance of his territory; the sultan assigned him a lot (ikta) there with an income of 10,000 dinars, in addition to income and feeding (ma "aish) as a vizier. He went to Nesa. There, and in places neighboring him, his power spread, thanks to the support of the sultan his orders and his high position. Envy, however, forced him to make efforts to offend those who are in any way connected with me, whether it be kinship, friendship or service, and to this was added the cessation of the established revenues to the Sultan's treasury. try to achieve (success) in this matter, arousing the hopes of the Sultan to increase income from it (Nesa) and improve things there, so that he gave me the viziership of Nesa with the condition that I should not leave the court, but would appoint the one I I did so, and Diya al-Mulk returned to court dismissed and deceived in both transactions.

* Collection of taxes from Turkmens

|159 | Sheref-al-mulk ( Sheref-al-mulk - the vizier of Jalal-ad-din, who at that time (624 - 1227) ruled Azerbaijan) went to Arran, ( Arran - the name of the region in Transcaucasia, corresponding to modern Soviet Azerbaijan) since it abounds in wealth and is the center of the Turkmens, he stopped in Mukan ( i.e. Mugan steppe) and sent his officials to their (Turkmen) tribes to collect duties (khukuk), A man known as as-Sarraj al-Khwarizmi went to the tribe (heil) of Kujab-Arslan, and took with him a group of villains (avbash). He began to demand that they slaughter for treats every day up to 30 heads (cattle); to this were added other hardships which they could not fulfill. They began to make noise, got angry and said to him: “Go back to your master, and we will take those tributes that we owe the treasury (ourselves), and there is no need for you to collect them from us.” The mentioned (al-Sarraj) returned and complained until he brought him (Sheref-al-mulk) against them. He (Sheref-al-mulk) went (on a campaign) from Mukan and crossed the river. Aras (Arake) on the ships - it was the time of arrival (water) in her. He surrounded the camp of the Turkmens and drove their cattle to Baylakan, his. there were 30,000 heads. Turkmen women followed them (troops), | 160 | and I was sure that he (Sheref-al-mulk), when he reached Baylakan, would return it (cattle) to them, with (the condition of payment) a certain amount of money as a penalty for their breach of obligation. When he arrived there, he divided it (cattle) among his people and left 4,000 heads of sheep with lambs from it for himself personally ...

|215 | [Ala-ad-din, head of the Ismailis in Alamut, ( Famous Ismaili stronghold in the mountains, north of Qazvin) gives Nesevi rams.] I had previously built a khanaka in my fortress in Khorasan and intended to buy rams in Alamut in order to make them a waqf in (favor) khanaka, since in Khorasan the robbers of the Tatars exterminated the rams ...