The central city of the Altai Territory. Altai Krai (map)

The subject of the Russian Federation

Altai region


Flag	Coat of arms

Administrative center

Square

22nd

Total
- % aq. pov.

167,996 km²
2,63

Population

Total
- Density

↘ 2 350 080 (2018)

13.99 people/km²

Total, at current prices

RUB 498.8 billion (2016)

Per capita

210.4 thousand rub.

federal district

Siberian

economic region

West Siberian

Governor

Viktor Tomenko

Code of the subject of the Russian Federation

ISO 3166-2 code

RU-ALT

OKATO code

Timezone

MSC+4

Awards

Official site

altairegion22.ru

Baschelak Range in the Charyshsky District

Altai region(informal: Altai) - the subject Included in the Siberian Federal District, is part of the West Siberian economic region.

It borders on the Republic of Altai, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions of Russia, Pavlodar and East Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Physical and geographical characteristics

Geographical position

Entrance to the Altai Territory from the Republic of Altai on the border of the Soloneshensky and Ust-Kansky districts

Altai Krai is located in the southeast of Western Siberia between 50 and 55 degrees north latitude and 77 and 87 degrees east longitude. The length of the territory from west to east is about 600 km, from north to south about 400 km. The distance from to in a straight line is about 2940 km, on roads about 3600 km.

Timezone

Until March 27, 2016, Omsk time (MSK + 3; UTC + 6) was in the time zone, after which the region, in accordance with amendments to the federal law “On the calculation of time”, switched to Krasnoyarsk time (MSK + 4; UTC + 7). The region was also in this time zone until May 28, 1995.

Relief

Physical map of the Altai Territory

The territory of the region belongs to two physical countries: the West Siberian Plain and Altai - Sayan. The mountain part covers the plain from the eastern and southern sides - the Salair Range and the foothills of Altai. The western and central parts are predominantly flat in nature: the Ob plateau, the Biysko-Chumysh upland, the Kulunda plain. Almost all natural zones of Russia are present in the region: steppe and forest-steppe, taiga and mountains. The flat part of the region is characterized by the development of steppe and forest-steppe natural zones, with ribbon forests, a developed girder-ravine network, lakes and pegs.

Climate

The climate is significantly heterogeneous, due to the variety of geographical conditions. The foothill and Ob region parts have a temperate climate, transitional to sharply continental, which is formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, the Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95 °C. Average annual temperatures are positive, from +0.5 to +2.1 °С. The average maximum temperatures in July are +26…+28 °C, extreme ones reach +40…+42 °C. The average minimum January temperatures are -20 ... -24 ° C, the absolute winter minimum is -50 ... -55 ° C. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days. The most dry and hot is the western flat part. The climate here is sharply continental. To the east and southeast there is an increase in precipitation from 230 mm to 600-700 mm per year. The average annual temperature rises to the south-west of the region. Due to the presence of a mountain barrier in the south-east of the region, the prevailing west-east transport of air masses acquires a south-west direction. North winds are frequent during the summer months. In 20-45% of cases, the speed of southwestern and western winds exceeds 6 m/s. In the steppe regions of the region, the occurrence of dry winds is associated with an increase in wind. In the winter months, during periods of active cyclonic activity, blizzards are observed everywhere in the region, the frequency of which is 30-50 days a year.

Altai and Smolensk regions are characterized by the mildest climate, and Kulundinsky and Klyuchevskoy regions are the most severe. The highest air temperatures in summer are observed in Uglovsky and Mikhailovsky districts, the lowest in winter - in Eltsovsky, Zalesovsky, Zarinsky. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in the Krasnogorsk, Altai and Soloneshensky regions, the least - in the Uglovsky region and the western part of the Rubtsovsky region. The highest average annual wind speed is observed in the Blagoveshchensk region, the lowest - in the Biysk region.

The snow cover is established on average in the second ten days of November, is destroyed in the first ten days of April. The height of the snow cover averages 40-60 cm, in the western regions it decreases to 20-30 cm. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm, on steppe areas bare from snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible.

Hydrography

The water resources of the Altai Territory are represented by surface and ground waters. The largest rivers (out of 17 thousand): Ob, Biya, Katun, Chumysh, Aley and Charysh. Of the 13 thousand lakes, the largest is Kulunda Lake, its area is 728 km². The main water artery of the region: the Ob River, 493 km long within the region, is formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. The Ob basin occupies 70% of the region's territory.

Valley of the Katun River

Flora and fauna

The diversity of zonal and intrazonal landscapes of the Altai Territory contributes to the species diversity of the animal world. The fauna includes 89 species of mammals from 6 orders and 22 families, more than 320 species of birds from 19 orders, 9 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, 1 species of cyclostomes and 33 species of fish.

About 2,000 species of higher vascular plants grow here, which is two-thirds of the species diversity of Western Siberia. Among them are representatives of endemic and relict species. Especially valuable are: golden root (rhodiola rosea), maral root (safflower-like raponticum), red root (forgotten kopeechnik), marin root (evading peony), Ural licorice, oregano, St. John's wort, elecampane and others.

The forest fund occupies 26% of the region's area.

Minerals

In addition, the trajectories of launch vehicles from the Baikonur Cosmodrome pass over the territory of the region, as a result of which rocket fuel products and parts of stages burned in the atmosphere fall to the surface.

Specially protected natural areas

View of the resort town of Belokurikha from Mount Tserkovka

At present, the original natural landscapes have practically not been preserved; all of them have experienced the impact of economic activity or the transfer of substances by water and air flows. To preserve the diversity of flora and fauna, it is planned to create an extensive network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA): nature reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments.

On the territory of the region there are 51 natural monuments, the natural park "Aya", the Tigirek reserve and 35 reserves:

Aleussky reserve,
Bashchelaksky reserve,
Blagoveshchensky reserve,
Bobrovsky reserve,
Bolsherechensky reserve,
Volchikhinsky reserve,
Egorevsky reserve,
Yeltsovsky Reserve,
Zavyalovsky reserve,
Zalesovsky reserve,
Cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River,
Kasmalinsky reserve,
Kislukhinsky reserve,
Kornilovsky reserve,
Kulundinsky reserve,
swan reserve,
Liflyandsky reserve,
Loktevsky reserve,
mammoth reserve,
Mikhailovsky reserve,
Neninsky reserve,
Obsky reserve,
Lake Big Tassor,
muskrat reserve,
Pankrushikhinsky Reserve,
Stream Peninsula,
Sary-Chumyshsky Reserve,
Sokolovsky reserve,
Suetsky reserve,
Togulsky reserve,
Urzhumsky reserve,
Lyapunikha tract,
Ust-Chumyshsky reserve,
Charyshsky reserve,
Chinetinsky reserve.

The total area of specially protected natural areas is 725 thousand hectares or less than 5% of the territory of the region (world standard: 10% of the area of the region with developed agriculture and industry), which is significantly lower than the average for Russia and not enough to maintain landscape and ecological balance in the biosphere.

In the Altai Territory, 100 natural monuments have been approved, of which 54 are geological, 31 are water, 14 are botanical and 1 are complex. At present, the areas of plants and habitats of animals that are rare or endangered, which do not have the status of specially protected areas, have been identified.

Story

The settlement of the territory of the Altai Territory began in the Paleolithic, for which the Karama site, the caves of Okladnikov, Denisov, Chagyrskaya and the Lair of the hyena are known. The remains of representatives of three species of the human race were discovered: Neanderthals, Homo sapiens and Denisovans.

Altai Mining District

Barnaul at the beginning of the 20th century

Settling of the Upper Ob and Altai foothills by Russians began in the second half of the 17th century.

The development of Altai began after the fortresses (1709) and Beloyarskaya (1717) were built to protect against the warlike Dzungars. In order to explore valuable ore deposits, search parties were equipped for the Altai.

The father and son of the Kostylevs are considered to be the discoverers; later, the Ural breeder Akinfiy Demidov took advantage of their discoveries.

In the 1730s, as a village at the silver smelter of Akinfiy Demidov, it was founded, which acquired the status of a city in 1771, and became the capital of the Altai Territory since 1937. It is located in the south of Western Siberia at the confluence of the Barnaulka River with the Ob.

Formed by the 2nd half of the 18th century, the Altai mining district is a territory that included the current Altai Territory, and part and regions with a total area of \u200b\u200bmore than 500 thousand km² and a population of more than 130 thousand souls of both sexes.

Improved water transport. The Stolypin land reform gave impetus to the resettlement movement in the Altai, which generally contributed to the economic upsurge of the region.

The revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Civil War led to the establishment of Soviet power in Altai. In July 1917, the Altai province was formed with a center in, which lasted until 1925. From 1925 to 1930, the territory was part of the Siberian Territory (the regional center is a city), and from 1930 until 1937 it was part of the West Siberian Territory (the regional center is a city). In 1937, the Altai Territory was formed (the center is the city).

The outbreak of the Great Patriotic War required a restructuring of the work of the entire economy. Altai received more than 100 evacuated enterprises from the western regions of the country, including 24 plants of all-Union significance. At the same time, the region remained one of the main granaries of the country, being a major producer of bread, meat, butter, honey, wool, etc. 15 formations, 4 regiments and 48 battalions were formed on its territory. In total, more than 550 thousand people went to the front, of which 283 thousand died or went missing.

In the post-war decades, a period of mass development of new equipment and technologies began. The growth rate of the region's industry was several times higher than the average Union. So, in the mid-1950s, the first automatic line for the production of plowshares in the USSR was commissioned at the Altayselmash plant, the Biysk Boiler Plant for the first time in the history of boiler building used a production line for the manufacture of boiler drums, and the Barnaul Mechanical Press Plant introduced the design of new embossing presses with a pressure of 1000-2000 tons. By the beginning of the 1960s, more than 80% of tractor plows and over 30% of freight cars and steam boilers produced by that time in the RSFSR were produced in the region.

At the same time, in the 1950s-1960s, the development of virgin lands in the western steppe part of the region began. In total, 2.9 million hectares were plowed up, 78 large state farms were created. About 350 thousand people from different regions of the country (Ural, Kuban), including 50 thousand young specialists on Komsomol vouchers, arrived in Altai for several years to participate in these large-scale works. In 1956, a record harvest was harvested in the region: more than 7 million tons of grain, for which the region was awarded the Order of Lenin. Altai Krai received the second Order of Lenin in 1970.

In the 1970s-1980s, there was a transition from separately operating enterprises and industries to the formation of territorial production complexes: agro-industrial units, production and production and scientific associations. Rubtsovsko-Loktevsky, Slavgorodsko-Blagoveshchensky, Zarinsko-Sorokinsky, Barnaul-Novoaltaysky, Aleisky, Kamensky and Biysk agro-industrial complexes were created. In 1972, the construction of the Altai Coke Plant began, and in 1981 the first coke was produced.

Modern period

In 1991, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region left the Altai Territory, transformed into an independent subject of the Russian Federation:.

After the collapse of the USSR, the regional economy entered into a protracted crisis associated with the loss of state orders in industry and the unprofitability of agricultural production, which continued until the early 2000s. The dissatisfaction of the population and the resulting political sentiments contributed to the fact that for a long time the Altai Territory was part of the so-called "red belt", here in the power structures the majority remained with the left forces. In 1996, the informal leader of the left forces Alexander Surikov became the governor of the region, and his associate Alexander Nazarchuk took the place of the chairman of the Legislative Assembly.

The region's budget was in deficit for a long time, and the economy and social sector were supported by subsidies from the federal center and loans. So, for example, about 400 social facilities were built at the expense of the Semipalatinsk program to compensate for damage from tests at the nuclear test site: outpatient clinics, schools, and hospitals. At one time the budget of the Semipalatinsk program was one third of the regional budget. Gasification of the region, which began in 1996, played a positive role, main gas pipelines were built, and the transfer of boiler houses to a new type of fuel began. Over 14 years, more than 2,300 kilometers of gas distribution networks have been installed.

In 2004, the well-known pop artist and film actor Mikhail Evdokimov won the election of the governor of the Altai Territory. A year and a half later, he died in a car accident under. Alexander Karlin has been the head of the region since 2005. In 2014, he won the gubernatorial elections, which were resumed in Russia after 2004.

Population

The population of the region according to Rosstat is 2,350,080 people. (2018). Population density: 13.99 people/km (2018). Urban population: 56.44% (2018).

National composition

More than 100 nationalities live in the Altai Territory: 94% of the population are Russians, the next largest are Germans (2%), Ukrainians (1.4%); all others - 3%.

According to the results of the All-Russian Population Census 2010, the quantitative national composition of the population of the region was as follows:

Russians - 2,234,324 (93.9%),
Germans - 50,701 (2.1%),
Ukrainians - 32,226 (1.4%),
Kazakhs - 7979 (0.3%),
Armenians - 7640 (0.3%),
Tatars - 6794 (0.3%),
Belarusians - 4591 (0.2%),
Altaians - 1763 (0.1%),
Kumandins - 1401 (0.1%).

Religion

There are many religious communities in the Altai Territory. The largest: Orthodox. There are Catholic and Lutheran communities that resumed their activities in the 1960s. In addition, there are parishes and associations of various religious directions: Pentecostals, Evangelical Christians-Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, the Church of Christ, the Society for Krishna Consciousness, etc.

Authorities

The representative body of the legislative power is the Altai Regional Legislative Assembly. It consists of 68 deputies elected by the population of the region in elections for a term of 4 years: one half in single-mandate constituencies, the other on party lists. Chairman of the Legislative Assembly - Alexander Romanenko. In the elections held in 2011, the United Russia party won with 48 seats in the regional parliament; 5 people represent the Just Russia party; 9 - the Communist Party and 6 - the Liberal Democratic Party.

In the State Duma of the 6th convocation (2011-2016), the Altai Territory is represented by 7 deputies: from United Russia - Sergey Neverov, Alexander Prokopiev and Nikolai Gerasimenko; from "Fair Russia" - Alexander Terentiev; from the Communist Party - Mikhail Zapolev and Sergei Yurchenko; and from the Liberal Democratic Party - Vladimir Semyonov. Two representatives of the region Sergey Belousov and Mikhail Shchetinin work in the Federation Council.

See also: Leaders of the Altai Territory

Heraldry

Flag

The flag of the Altai Territory is a red cloth with a blue stripe near the pole and a stylized image of a yellow spike on this stripe, as a symbol of agriculture. In the center of the flag there is an image of the coat of arms of the Altai Territory.

Coat of arms

The emblem of the Altai Territory was approved in 2000. It is a shield of the French heraldic form, the base of which is equal to eight-ninths of the height, with a point protruding in the middle of the lower part of the shield. The lower corners of the shield are rounded. It is divided by a horizontal strip into 2 equal parts. In the upper part of the coat of arms on an azure background, symbolizing greatness, a smoking blast furnace of the 18th century is depicted, as a reflection of the historical past of the Altai Territory. In the lower part of the coat of arms on a red (scarlet) background, symbolizing dignity, courage and courage, there is an image of the Kolyvan queen of vases (jasper with a predominance of green), which is kept in the State Hermitage Museum. The shield of the coat of arms is framed by a wreath of golden ears of wheat, personifying agriculture as the leading sector of the economy of the Altai Territory. The wreath is intertwined with an azure ribbon.

Administrative-territorial division

The length of public roads is 15.5 thousand km. All regional centers are connected with paved roads. Federal highways pass through the territory of the region:

R-256"Chuysky Trakt" Novosibirsk - Biysk - the state border with Mongolia,
A-322 Barnaul - Rubtsovsk - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Public passenger transport serves 78% of all settlements. Trams and trolleybuses operate in (see Barnaul tram, Barnaul trolleybus), (see Biysk tram), (see Rubtsovsky trolleybus). There are 12.5 thousand (2006) enterprises operating in the road transportation market, which provide 886 routes, of which 220 are urban, 272 are suburban and 309 are intercity. In addition, there are 8 bus stations and 47 passenger bus stations.

Barnaul Airport provides air communication with 30 cities in other regions of the country and abroad. It is planned to revive the Biysk airport. To date, the Rubtsovsky airfield has been recognized as abandoned.

The total length of shipping lines is about 650 km. One sixth of the region's territory with a population of about 1 million people is located in the water transport service zone. Navigation is developed along the rivers Ob, Biya, Katun, Chumysh, Charysh. Main cargo category: grain, building materials, coal. There are specialized piers and river stations on the rivers.

Science and education

Altai State University

In 2010, higher education in the Altai Territory is received in 12 state universities, as well as several branches and representative offices of universities from other regions.

The largest universities and institutes are located in. Among them, Altai State University, Altai State Technical University, Altai State Agrarian University, Altai State Medical University, Altai State Pedagogical University, Altai State Institute of Culture, Altai Academy of Economics and Law, Altai Institute of Economics and Law, Altai Institute of Financial Management and Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

In addition, there are branches and representative offices of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, the Altai Institute of Economics of the St. Petersburg Academy of Management and Economics, the Leningrad Regional State University, the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts, the Barnaul branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy .

There are 11 design and design and survey institutes and their branches and 13 research institutes in Barnaul.

Among the Barnaul research institutes, which are leaders in their fields: Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after. M. A. Lisavenko (with his arboretum in the Nagornaya part of the city), the Institute of Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Altai Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Technology, the Altai Research Institute of Agriculture, the Altai Research Institute of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture, the Siberian Research Institute of Cheesemaking of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Agricultural Academy.

About 3,700 people are engaged in scientific research in universities and research organizations, including more than 250 doctors of science and almost 1,500 candidates of science.

Altai State Technical University has opened the Altai Technopolis on its base, which unites science-intensive enterprises. Altai State University organized the Scientific Research Institute of Science and Global Studies.

The Barnaul Planetarium is one of the oldest in Russia, opened in 1950. In 1964, the apparatus "Small Zeiss" of the German company Carl Zeiss Jena was installed in the planetarium hall.

Biysk is home to the Altai State Academy of Education named after V. M. Shukshin (AGAO), the Biysk Technological Institute of AltSTU, the Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energy Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS) . Currently, this city is the largest science city of the Russian Federation in terms of population. The status of a science city of the Russian Federation was assigned to the city by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2005 No. 688 and retained for another 5 years by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2011 No. 216. Along with Barnaul, Biysk is a significant scientific and educational center of the region. A significant scientific and technical potential is concentrated here: highly qualified personnel, modern technological and experimental base, social and industrial infrastructure that ensures scientific research and development and obtaining scientific and technical results that are significant at the world level. Over the past five years, higher educational institutions of the city have developed 197 innovative projects related to the development of combat units of conventional equipment, the development and synthesis of high-energy compounds, medicinal and biologically active substances, the creation of new materials, including composite, heat-insulating, polymer compositions, micromodified with nanodispersed phases, obtaining superhard materials in cavitating media, etc.

Rubtsovsk is home to the Rubtsovsk Industrial Institute of the AltSTU, the Rubtsovsk Institute of the Altai State University and the Rubtsovsk branch of the University of the Russian Academy of Education.

culture

Music

State Philharmonic of the Altai Territory

The traditional national musical culture is represented by the music of the Kumandins, who inhabit the southern regions, as well as Russian settlers. The Altai Regional State Theater of Musical Comedy and the State Philharmonic Society of the Altai Territory operate in Barnaul.

Theatre

Biysk Drama Theater (right)

Most theaters are located in. The largest of them are the Altai Regional State Theater of Musical Comedy, the Altai Regional Drama Theater named after V. M. Shukshin, the Altai State Youth Theater. Youth and experimental theaters are represented by the studio theater "Kaleidoscope", the student theater "Pristroyka" and the Shadow Theater. There is a drama theater founded in 1939.

Festivals

Since 1976, the Shukshin Readings, a festival dedicated to the memory of the writer, actor and director, have been held in and in the village of Srostki.

Since 2006, in the village of Verkh-Obskoye, Smolensk region, an annual interregional festival of folk art and sports named after Mikhail Sergeyevich Evdokimov "Countrymen" has been held (from 1992 to 2005, the cultural and sports festival was held by Mikhail Evdokimov himself). Since 2009, the festival has had the status of an all-Russian festival.

Sport

In team sports, the Altai Territory is mainly represented by teams based in Barnaul. These are the hockey club "Altai" (the first league; previously, the now disbanded club "Motor" played in the major league, the football club "Dynamo" (second division), the football club "Polymer" (third division of Russia), the volleyball club "Universitet" (league A ), a field hockey club for women "Kommunalshchik", a basketball team "Altaibasket", etc. There used to be a football club "Progress"... Currently, Biysk "Dynamo", "Torpedo" play in the amateur football league of Russia. Among amateur teams held championships of the Altai Territory in basketball, hockey and football, as well as Olympiads among rural athletes.The captain of the Russian national football team in 2004-2005 Alexei Smertin was born and started playing football in Barnaul.Here he founded a sports school for children and youth of the Olympic reserve ( SDUSHOR) in football.

In individual sports, high achievements were achieved by such Altai athletes as Tatyana Kotova (bronze medalist of the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games in long jump), Sergey Klevchenya (silver and bronze medalist of the 1994 Olympic Games in speed skating), Alexei Tishchenko (gold at the 2000 Olympic Games in boxing), etc. In total, in the period from 1952 to 2008, athletes from the Altai Territory won 8 gold, 10 silver and 4 bronze medals at the winter and summer olympiads. The main sports infrastructure is concentrated in the largest cities of the region: there is the German Titov Palace of Spectacles and Sports, the Ob sports complex, stadiums, gyms, swimming pools, a hippodrome, ski resorts, shooting ranges; in Slavgorod, and sports complexes and small football stadiums.

Notes

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Population by municipalities as of January 1 (including by settlements) according to current records
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Energy of the Altai Territory. Information and analytical portal Doc22.ru. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Information about the work of the enterprises of power engineering of edge. Official site of the Administration of the Altai Territory for Industry and Energy. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Statistics and annual reports. Official site of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 7, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Newspaper "Altaiskaya Pravda" - Altai flour knows no boundaries
According to forecasts, the tourist flow to the Altai Territory in 2010 will increase by 35% - up to 1.1 million people
For 9 months of this year, about 950 thousand people visited the region
Komarov M.P. Infrastructure of the regions of the world: Textbook. - St. Petersburg. , 2000. - 347 p.
Higher educational institutions. Official site of the Altai Territory. Retrieved September 10, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Biysk Science City. biysk22.ru. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Great Russian Encyclopedia: In 30 volumes / Chairman of the scientific-ed. Council Yu. S. Osipov. Rep. ed. S. L. Kravets. T. 1. A - Questioning. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - 766 p.: ill.: maps.
"Motor" almost became "Altai" // Free course: newspaper.
Football Championship of the Altai Territory. Website "Altai football". Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
The Olympiad of Rural Athletes will be held in the Altai Territory. Siberian News Agency. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Olympians of Altai. Official site of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
Official site of the Altai Territory. Athletic facilities. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.

Literature

Altai Territory / Comp. G. M. Egorov; Scientific Ed.: Dr. Geogr. sciences, prof. V. S. Revyakin; Reviewer: Dr. Geogr. Sciences A. O. Kemmerich. - M. : Profizdat, 1987. - 264 p. - (Tourist regions of the USSR). - 75,000 copies.
Murzaev E. M. Dictionary of popular geographical terms. 1st ed. - M., Thought, 1984.
Murzaev E. M. Turkic geographical names. - M., Vost. lit., 1996.
Encyclopedia of the Altai Territory: in 2 volumes / [editor: V. T. Mishchenko (chief editor) and others]. - Barnaul: Alt. book. publishing house, 1995-1996. - 5000 copies.

Dossier

Administrative center	Barnaul
Square	167,996 km²
total population	↘2 390 638 (2014)
Population density	14.23 people/km²
federal district	Siberian
economic region	West Siberian
Governor
Code of the subject of the Russian Federation	22
Timezone	MSK+3 (UTC+7)
Flag
Coat of arms

History - Altai Territory

The territory of the Altai Territory has been inhabited since the Ice Age more than half a million years ago (Karama site).
Neanderthals lived in Denisova Cave about 280,000 years ago, about 40 thousand years ago. n. Denisov man lived in the cave.
There are 38 thousand liters in Okladnikov's cave. n. Neanderthals lived, and 24 thousand liters. n. - Anatomically modern humans.
The first state on the territory of southern Siberia arose in the IV-III centuries BC. e. Ancient Chinese chronicles called its creators the people "Dinlin", and the state - "Dinling-go".
Around 201 B.C. e. the state of Dinlin was defeated by the Xiongnu, an ancient nomadic people, from 220 BC. e. to the 2nd century AD e. inhabiting the steppes north of China.
The Xiongnu waged active wars with the Chinese Han Empire, during which they consolidated into a single power that subjugated the tribes of neighboring nomads. Mongolian scientists argue that the Xiongnu was a proto-Mongolian state, but some scholars believe that the Xiongnu was a proto-Turkish state.
After the defeat of Dinlin by the Xiongnu troops, the Turkic-speaking tribe of the Kyrgyz moved to the Khakass-Minusinsk basin.
In 93, in the Battle of Ikh-Bayan, a coalition of Hans, Mongol-speaking Xianbei, Dinlings and Cheshis defeated the Xiongnu, after which the Xianbei began to occupy the Xiongnu lands, and part of the Xiongnu joined the Xianbei. The former Xiongnu lands came under the control of the Xianbi (93-234). In the middle of the 3rd century, the Xianbei power collapsed.
In the 4th-6th centuries, the territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Mongol-speaking Zhuzhan Khaganate (330-555).
In the 6th-7th centuries, the Kyrgyz, with subject taiga peoples, formed a peripheral inheritance of the Central Asian states, headed by the governor - Elteber.
In the VIII century - a separatist region, led by their own beks and inals, who claim the dignity of a khan (see Bars-kagan).
In the 9th century - a rapidly expanding aggressive steppe empire with a deified kagan family.
In 840, the Kyrgyz Khaganate destroyed the Uighur Khaganate, extending its power to Tuva and Mongolia. Pursuing the remnants of the Uighurs, the Kyrgyz fought their way to the Irtysh and the Amur and invaded the oases of East Turkestan. V. V. Bartold called this period of history “the Kyrgyz great power”.
The Kyrgyz provided the state with top military and administrative leaders. They were considered connected both dynastically and through marriage with the ruling houses of China and other neighboring countries.
In a severe struggle with aggressive neighbors (Turkic and Uighur Khaganates), the Kyrgyz state defended its independence until the 13th century, which became a turning point in the independent development of Sayano-Altai.
The Kyrgyz state is losing territory in Mongolia. The Kyrgyz retain two main arrays of their settlement: 1) the Upper and Middle Yenisei; 2) Altai and Irtysh. Subsequently, the ethnic paths of the Yenisei Kyrgyz and the future Kyrgyz of the Tien Shan diverged.
At the beginning of the XIII century - the territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Great Mongol Empire.
XIV century - The Mongol Empire broke up into separate states. The territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Mongolian Dzungar Khanate until 1758.

Altai Mining District

Settling of the Upper Ob and Altai foothills by Russians began in the second half of the 17th century.
The development of Altai began after the Beloyarskaya (1717) and Bikatunskaya (1709) fortresses were built to protect against the warlike Dzungars. In order to explore valuable ore deposits, search parties were equipped for the Altai.
The father and son of the Kostylevs are considered the pioneers, later the Ural breeder Akinfiy Demidov took advantage of the discoveries.
In the 1730s, Barnaul was founded as a settlement at the silver-smelting plant of Akinfiy Demidov, which acquired the status of a city in 1771, and became the capital of the Altai Territory since 1937. It is located in the south of Western Siberia at the confluence of the Barnaulka River with the Ob.
Formed by the 2nd half of the 18th century, the Altai mining district is a territory that included the current Altai Territory, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, part of the Tomsk and East Kazakhstan regions with a total area of over 500 thousand km² and a population of more than 130 thousand souls of both sexes.
At the end of the 19th century, the territory of present-day Altai was part of the Tomsk province.
In 1991, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region left the Altai Territory, transformed into an independent subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Altai.
After the collapse of the USSR, the regional economy entered into a protracted crisis associated with the loss of state orders in industry and the unprofitability of agricultural production, which continued until the early 2000s. The dissatisfaction of the population and the resulting political moods contributed to the fact that for a long time the Altai Territory was part of the so-called "red belt" - here the majority of power structures remained with the left forces. In 1996, the informal leader of the left forces, Alexander Surikov, became the governor of the region, and his associate Alexander Nazarchuk took the place of the chairman of the Legislative Assembly.
In 2004, the well-known pop artist and film actor Mikhail Evdokimov won the election of the governor of the Altai Territory. A year and a half later, he died in a car accident near Biysk. Alexander Karlin has been the head of the region since 2005.

Altai Krai: Geographical Location

Altai Krai is located in the southeast of Western Siberia between 50 and 55 degrees north latitude and 77 and 87 degrees east longitude. The length of the territory from west to east is about 600 km, from north to south - about 400 km. The distance from Barnaul to Moscow in a straight line is about 2940 km, by road - about 3400 km.

Altai Krai: Climate

The climate of the Altai Territory is temperate, transitional to continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, the Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95 °C. Average annual temperatures are positive, 0.5-2.1 °С Average maximum temperatures in July are +26…+28 °C, extreme ones reach +40…+42 °C. The average minimum January temperatures are -20 ... -24 °C, the absolute winter minimum is -50 ... -55 °C. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days

Altai Territory: Ecological state

The state of atmospheric air is largely determined by the location and concentration of environmentally active branches of material production, the level of purification of industrial emissions from pollutants, the concentration and congestion of transport routes. At the enterprises of the region, 64% of pollutants released into the atmosphere are captured by gas cleaning installations. More than 560 thousand vehicles are operated in the region, emissions of harmful substances of which make up more than 45% of the total air pollution, including: carbon monoxide - 69%, nitrogen oxides - 37%, hydrocarbons - 92%.

The main pollutants of water bodies in the Altai Territory are enterprises of chemistry and petrochemistry, mechanical engineering, and thermal power engineering. A special problem is the damage caused to small rivers from shallowing and pollution. Due to the reduction of forest cover, there is an increase in water erosion, causing shallowing of the channel. Numerous small lakes are polluted by domestic wastewater from settlements and livestock complexes.

A number of settlements in the Altai Territory are officially recognized as affected by the effects of radiation as a result of nuclear weapons testing at the test site near Semipalatinsk.

In addition, the trajectories of launch vehicles from the cosmodrome pass over the territory of the Altai Territory, as a result of which rocket fuel products and parts of stages burned in the atmosphere fall to the surface.

Specially protected natural areas

At present, the original natural landscapes have practically not been preserved in the Altai Territory; all of them have experienced the impact of economic activity or the transfer of substances by water and air flows. To preserve the diversity of flora and fauna, it is planned to create an extensive network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA): nature reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments.

There are currently no national parks in the region. On the territory of the region there are 51 natural monuments, 1 natural park (Aya Nature Park), 1 reserve - (Tigireksky), 35 reserves.

The total area of protected areas is 725 thousand hectares or less than 5% of the area of the region (the world standard is 10% of the area of the region with developed agriculture and industry), which is significantly lower than the average for Russia and not enough to maintain landscape and ecological balance in the biosphere.

Natural monuments are individual irreplaceable natural objects taken under protection that have scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance (caves, geological outcrops, waterfalls, mineral springs, paleontological objects, individual centuries-old trees, etc.). In the Altai Territory, 100 natural monuments have been approved, of which 54 are geological, 31 are water, 14 are botanical and 1 are complex. At present, the areas of plants and habitats of animals that are rare or endangered, which do not have the status of specially protected areas, have been identified.

Population - Altai Territory

The population of the region according to Rosstat is 2,390,638 people. (2014). Population density - 14.23 people / km2 (2014). Urban population - 55.68% (2013).

National composition

More than 100 nationalities live in the Altai Territory: 94% of the population are Russians, the next largest are Germans (2%), Ukrainians (1.4%); all others - 3%.

According to the results of the All-Russian Population Census 2010, the quantitative national composition of the population of the region was as follows:

Russians - 2,234,324 (93.9%)
Germans - 50,701 (2.1%)
Ukrainians - 32,226 (1.4%)
Kazakhs - 7979 (0.3%)
Armenians - 7640 (0.3%)
Tatars - 6794 (0.3%)
Belarusians - 4591 (0.2%)
Altaians - 1763 (0.1%)
Kumandins - 1401 (0.1%)

Religion

There are many religious communities in the Altai Territory. The largest is Orthodox. Today there are Catholic and Lutheran communities that resumed their activities in the 1960s. In addition, there are parishes and associations of various religious denominations in the region - Pentecostals, Evangelical Christians-Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Christ, the Society for Krishna Consciousness, etc.

Authorities

The head of the executive power of the Altai Territory is the head of the regional administration (governor). The administration is an executive body, the legal successor of the regional executive committee. After the death of M. S. Evdokimov in 2005, A. B. Karlin was approved for the post on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation.

Chairman of the Legislative Assembly - I. I. Loor. In the elections held in 2011, the United Russia party won with 48 seats in the regional parliament; 5 people represent the Just Russia party; 9 - the Communist Party and 6 - the Liberal Democratic Party.

In the State Duma of the 6th convocation (2011-2016), the Altai Territory is represented by 7 deputies: from United Russia - Alexander Prokopiev and Nikolai Gerasimenko; from "Fair Russia" -; from the Communist Party - Mikhail Zapolev and Serey Yurchenko; and from the Liberal Democratic Party - Vladimir Semyonov. Two representatives of the region work in the Federation Council - Sergey Belousov and Yury Shamkov.

Administrative-territorial division

On the territory of the Altai Territory:

12 cities,
1 ZATO,
60 municipal districts.

The administrative center of the Altai Territory is the city of Barnaul.

Geographical position

Altai Krai is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, on the border of continental Asia, 3419 km from Moscow. The territory of the region is 168 thousand square meters. km, in terms of area it ranks 24th in the Russian Federation and 10th in the Siberian Federal District.

In the north, the region borders on the Novosibirsk region, in the east - on the Kemerovo region, the southeastern border passes with the Republic of Altai, in the southwest and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan with a length of 843.6 km.

Climatic features

The climate is temperate sharply continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, the Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia.

The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95 °С.

The predominance of cloudy weather provides a significant influx of solar radiation. The duration of Sunshine is on average 2000-2300 hours per year, the amount of total radiation reaches 4500-4800 MJ/m2 per year.

Average annual temperatures are positive, 0.5-2.1 °C. The average maximum temperatures in July are +26... +28 °С, extreme ones reach +40... +41 °С. The average minimum January temperatures are -20...-24 °С, the absolute winter minimum is -50...-55 °С. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days.

The most dry and hot is the western flat part of the region. To the east and southeast there is an increase in precipitation from 230 mm to 600-700 mm per year. The average annual temperature rises to the south-west of the region.

Due to the presence of a mountain barrier in the southeast of the region, the prevailing west-east transfer of air masses acquires a south-west direction. North winds are frequent during the summer months. In 20-45% of cases, the wind speed of the southwestern and western directions exceeds 6 m/s. In the steppe regions of the region, the occurrence of dry winds (up to 8-20 days a year) is associated with an increase in wind. In the winter months, during periods of active cyclonic activity, blizzards are observed everywhere in the region, which are repeated 30-50 days a year.

The snow cover is established on average in the second ten days of November, is destroyed in the first ten days of April. The height of the snow cover averages 40-60 cm, in the western regions it decreases to 20-30 cm and until the snow is completely blown away. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm; in steppe areas bare of snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible.

Water resources

Main rivers: Ob, Biya, Katun, Aley, Charysh. The total surface runoff of the region's rivers is 55.1 km3 per year. In the Ob basin, which occupies 70% of the territory of the region, 54.5 km3 is formed. In the drainless region of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve (30% of the territory), only 0.5 km3 of runoff is formed.

17,085 rivers with a total length of 51,004 km flow on the territory of the region, of which:

16309 - less than 10 km long;

776 - more than 10 km long (including 32 rivers with a length of more than 100 km, 3 of them - more than 500 km).

9700 rivers have more or less permanent streams.

The main water artery of the region is the Ob River, which is 493 km long within the region, and is formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. Its largest tributaries (more than 500 km long) are the Aley, Charysh and Chumysh rivers.

There are about 11,000 lakes on the territory of the region, of which over 230 have an area of more than 1 km2. The largest are located in the steppe zone of the region:

Kulunda - 728 km2,

Kuchuk - 181 km2,

Gorkoye (Romanovsky district) - 140 km2,

Big Topolnoye - 76.6 km2,

Big Yarovoe - 66.7 km2.

On the territory of the Altai Territory, 472 sites of deposits with total reserves of 1928.13 thousand m3/day have been explored. The increase in reserves in 2017 due to new explored deposits, write-offs, revaluation and adjustments amounted to 10.986 thousand m3/day.

The availability of forecast groundwater resources in the Altai Territory is 4.895 m3/day per person, and the availability of explored reserves is 0.82 m3/day per person. The total consumption of groundwater per person is 188.3 l/day per person. Specific consumption of groundwater at the HPW is 114.3 l/day per person.

Mineral underground waters. The reserves of therapeutic and therapeutic-table mineral underground waters have been explored and approved for 5 deposits in the amount of 3184 m3/day (A-949 m3/day, B-1643 m3/day, C1-592 m3/day).

All explored mineral water deposits are being developed, with the exception of Iskrovskoye. The total volume of extraction of therapeutic mineral groundwater in 2017 amounted to 497.2 m3/day, including for the deposits: Belokurikha – 410.0 m3/day; Stan-Bekhtemirsky - 59.67 m3 / day; Solonovsky - 1.57 m3 / day; Zavyalovsky - 5.89 m3 / day.

Reserves of low-mineralized radon therapeutic mineral waters of the Chernovsky deposit of category C2 were preliminary estimated in the amount of more than 1000 m3/day.

In addition, 16 sites and 19 manifestations of medical-table mineral underground waters were identified on the territory of the region, the chemical composition of which meets the requirements of GOST 13273-88 "Mineral drinking water, medical and medical-table". Underground waters have mineralization from 1.04 to 6.16 g/dm3. Mineral underground waters are widespread, which are analogues of the Varnitsky, Chisinau, Feodosia, Izhevsk, Ergeninsky, Chartak, Khilovsky and Aivazovsky types, which can be used for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, metabolic diseases. The total resource potential of the mineral waters of the Altai Territory is 328,180 m3/day.

Diversity of the animal world

The diversity of zonal and intrazonal landscapes of the Altai Territory contributes to the species diversity of the animal world.

The largest group of animals in the region - invertebrates, and among them - a class of insects (more than 3000 species). 41 species of insects are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Territory.

Amphibian class It is represented in the region by five species, of which one species, the Siberian salamander, is included in the Red Book of the Altai Territory.

Of the nine types reptiles The Red Book includes the steppe viper, round-headed takyr, multi-colored foot-and-mouth disease, living in some steppe regions of the region.

The region has over 332 bird species, of which 220 to 290 species nest in the region. Due to the reduction in the areas of the most important nesting sites, the serpent eagle, little bustard, bustard have completely or partially disappeared. Of the 85 bird species listed in the Red Book of the Altai Territory, more than half of the species are directly related to the wetlands of the region.

mammals represented by 86 species. The most important are wild ungulates and fur-bearing animals, from the production of which meat, fur, leather and medicinal raw materials are obtained. In recent years, the number of elk, brown bear, squirrel, marmot, musk deer, and otter has increased. There is a slight decrease in the number of wolves and wild boars. However, since 2011 there has been a tendency to increase the number of some animals, especially licensed for hunting species - deer, roe deer, elk, brown bear, sable. The plowing of vast expanses of lowland forest-steppes and steppes has led to the emergence of peculiar anthropogenic forest and field habitats with a specific population of the animal world. In the northern forest field among mammals, the field mouse has acquired a dominant position. In the fields on the site of the southern forest-steppes and real steppes, species of the steppe fauna - ground squirrels and hamsters - dominate.

Diversity of the world aquatic biological resources represented by 32 species of fish, 22 of which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

plant resources

The following types of vegetation are represented on the territory of the region: forests, steppes, meadows, swamps, tundras, shrubs, rocks, water, saline and synanthropic.

Flora Altai Territory has 2186 species of higher vascular plants, including 1886 native and 300 adventitious, about 400 species of mosses, about 700 species of lichens. Among them there are representatives of endemic and relict species. 168 species of plants, 11 mushrooms, 23 species of lichen are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Territory.

Hayfields and pastures. Pasture and hayfields of the Altai Territory occupy 3731 thousand hectares, which is 35% of the area of agricultural land. Hayfields and pastures are of economic value, being a fodder base for animal husbandry, as well as habitats for various animals and plants, including rare ones. Up to 300 species of plants producing roughage grow on them. These are mainly cereals, legumes and herbs. The floodplain hay meadows are the most productive for the production of green fodder mass. The herbaceous vegetation of forage lands successfully protects the soil from erosion and deflation (with reasonable loads of grazing livestock).

Useful flora of the region has 1184 species of plants, among which there are: medicinal - 913 species, melliferous - 379, fodder - 663, ornamental - 400, food - 228, vitamin - 42, dyeing - 117, essential oil - 87, tanning - 58, poisonous - 135, technical - 79 types. The group of medicinal plants is the largest, of which about 100 species are widely used in official medicine. These are golden root, maral root, red root, peony marin root, Ural licorice, oregano, St. John's wort, high elecampane and others. There are medicinal plants, the culture of which is complex and natural resources are the only source of raw materials: spring adonis, lingonberries, calamus, yellow capsule.

Edge forests. The total area covered by forests in the Altai Territory is 3.825 million hectares. The average forest cover along the edge is 32.8%. Forests are unevenly distributed throughout the region. In the Kulunda steppe and the forest-steppe zone of the left bank of the Ob, the forest cover is 12%, in the right bank of the Ob it is 24%, rising to 34% in the mountainous part. The stock of timber is 545.83 million cubic meters. m. The predominant species in the forests of the region are conifers (41.3% by area and 53.6% by reserve, including cedar - 1.1%), softwood (58.7% by area and 46.4% by reserve). ). The average age of plantations is 66 years, including coniferous - 89 years and deciduous - 48 years. According to the forestry and forest economic conditions, the role and importance of forests in the region, 4 forestry regions have been identified: Lentochno-borovoy, Priobsky, Salairsky and Predgorny.

On the territory of the Altai Territory, conditions for forest fires occur from April to October inclusive. To eliminate the consequences of forest fires, the death of plantings from pests and diseases of the forest, to increase the forested area, measures are taken to protect, protect and restore forests. The annual volume of reforestation in the region is 11 thousand hectares.

Mineral resources

The mineral resource base of the Altai Territory includes deposits of brown coal, iron, polymetallic (containing copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, barite, bismuth, cadmium, trace elements, sulfur), nickel-cobalt ores, bauxites, primary and placer gold, mineral salts (sodium and magnesium sulfate, common salt, natural soda), cement raw materials (limestone, clay), gypsum, facing and colored stones, therapeutic mud, mineral, drinking and technical underground waters. The most significant types of minerals for the region's economy at present are the developed reserves of polymetallic ores, primary and technogenic gold, sodium sulfate, cement raw materials, mineral and drinking underground waters.

Polymetallic ores constitute the main value of the subsoil of the Altai Territory.

In the southwestern part of the region (the Russian part of Rudny Altai), 12 deposits have been explored with balance reserves of polymetallic ores in the amount of 60.5 million tons, containing 710.4 thousand tons of copper, 1462.6 thousand tons of lead, 4618.3 thousand tons of zinc, 40496.0 kg of gold, 3.3 thousand tons of silver, 18446.2 tons of cadmium, 2876.3 tons of bismuth, 2303.2 tons of selenium, 236.7 tons of tellurium, 556.6 tons of thallium, 504, 7 tons of gallium, 0.1 tons of indium, 591.0 thousand tons of barite and 7176.8 thousand tons of sulfur.

At present, the extraction of polymetallic ores is carried out by OJSC Siberia-Polymetals, which is developing the Korbalikhinskoye, Zarechenskoye Stepnoye and preparing the Talovskoye deposit in the Zmeinogorsky district for development. Concentrating plants with a design capacity of 650.0 and 100.0 thousand tons, respectively, operate on the bases of the Rubtsovskoye (by now exhausted) and Zarechenskoye deposits.

The development of the Zarechenskoye and Korbalikhinskoye deposits is carried out by the underground method, the Stepnoy – by the open method.

The maximum ore productivity of the Zarechensky mine is 100 thousand tons, the Stepnoy mine is 470 thousand tons, the Korbalikhinsky mine is 1200 thousand tons.

Prospects for further industrial development of polymetallic ores are associated with the Zakharovsky, Sredny, Yubileyny, Lazursky and Maysky deposits, discovered and explored in the 50s - 80s of the last century.

As of 01/01/2018, the state balance of mineral reserves of the Russian Federation includes 48642.0 kg of gold and 3160.3 tons of silver of complex polymetallic, primary, technogenic and alluvial deposits. The State Cadastre of Inferred Solid Mineral Resources of the Russian Federation in the Altai Territory records 662.8 tons of gold of P3+P2+P1 categories. The extraction of gold and silver is carried out from complex polymetallic, actually gold ore (primary), technogenic and alluvial deposits.

Use of mineral resources of the Altai Territory.

Solid minerals. In 2017, polymetallic ores (containing copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, barite, bismuth, cadmium, trace elements, sulfur), gold (primary, technogenic and placer), silver, mineral salts ( sodium sulfate), cement raw materials (limestone, clay), as well as therapeutic mud.

The license for the development of brown coal from the Munaisky deposit in the Soltonsky district is held by Munaisky Razrez LLC. There was no coal mining in 2017. Preparatory work was carried out for the development of the deposit (a technical project was drawn up, agreed and approved in accordance with the established procedure, the construction of a mine for open-pit coal mining began).

Significant reserves of iron ore are concentrated in two deposits - Beloretsky and Insky, located in Zmeinogorsky and Charyshsky districts, with total balance reserves by category and in quantity: B - 89356 thousand tons, C1 - 362911 thousand tons, C2 - 37466 thousand tons , as well as off-balance reserves in the amount of 17124 thousand tons. The fields are not developed due to the lack of transport and energy infrastructure, as well as reasonable investment proposals.

The extraction of polymetallic ores is carried out by OAO Siberia-Polymetals, which develops the Korbalikhinskoye, Zarechenskoye, Stepnoye and Talovskoye deposits in the Zmeinogorsk region. OJSC Siberia-Polymetals in 2017 at the Stepnoye deposit produced 395.7 thousand tons of ore containing 3.4 thousand tons of copper, 9.4 thousand tons of lead, 22.0 thousand tons of zinc, 217.9 kg of gold, 16.4 tons of silver, at Zarechensky - 35.0 thousand tons of ore containing 0.6 thousand tons of copper, 1.5 thousand tons of lead, 33.7 thousand tons of zinc, 429.3 kg of gold , 14.8 tons of silver, at Korbalikhinsky - 52.9 thousand tons of ore containing 2.1 thousand tons of copper, 5.2 thousand tons of lead, 13.9 thousand tons of zinc, 34.7 kg of gold, 8 .1 ton of silver.

The mineral resource base of bauxites is represented by two deposits - Berdsko-Mayskoye and Obukhovskoye, located in the Zalesovsky district and having total reserves recorded by the State Balance of Mineral Reserves of the Russian Federation in the amount of 25,150 thousand tons of B + C1 + C2 categories. Currently, the deposits are not being developed.

Ore gold mining in 2017 was carried out at the Murzinsky (Krasnoshchekovsky district) and Novofirsovsky (Kurinsky district) deposits. 644.9 kg of gold were mined at the Murzinskoye deposit by Poisk Prospectors Artel. 228.0 kg of gold were mined at the Novofirsovskoye deposit by Zoloto Kuri LLC.

Man-caused gold mining was carried out at the tailings of the Zmeinogorsk gold recovery plant, the license holder is Bern LLC; The tailing dump of the Zmeinogorsk barite-washing factory, licensed by DobychaStroyService LLC in the city of Zmeinogorsk, Zmeinogorsk district, and in 2017 amounted to a total of 161.0 kg.

Alluvial gold mining was carried out at five deposits (the placer of the Bolshoy Mungai River, the owner of the license is LLC ZDP Artel Prospectors Gornyak; the placer of the Bystraya River, JSC Prospecting Artel Dorozhnaya; the placer of the Kurchazhny stream, LLC Gold Mining Company Staratel; placer the Talovka River, Altai-2 LLC, and the Zauda River placer, Zauda LLC) and in total amounted to 44.9 kg.

The Kumir deposit of scandium-rare metal ores is located on the territory of the Altai Territory (Charyshsky district). The reserves of the C2 category deposit, taken into account by the state cadastre of deposits and manifestations of minerals, are: scandium - 28 tons, yttrium - 45.9 tons, niobium oxide - 11.6 tons, rubidium - 48.6 tons, uranium - 30.9 tons, thorium - 15.9 tons. The deposit is in the unallocated subsoil fund, is not developed.

Silver was mined during the development of the complex polymetallic deposits noted above (Korbalikhinskoye, Zarechenskoye, Stepnoy), the Novofirsovskoye gold deposit, as well as man-made deposits - the tailings of the Zmeinogorsk barite-washing and Zmeinogorsk gold recovery plants. The total volume of production in 2017 amounted to 44.4 tons, including by enterprises: Siberia-Polymetals OJSC (Stepnoye, Zarechenskoye and Korbalikhinskoye deposits) - 39.8 tons, Zoloto Kuri LLC (Novofirsovskoye deposit) - 0 .7 t, Bern LLC (technogenic deposit "Tailing dump of the Zmeinogorsk gold recovery plant") - 1.9 t, LLC DobychaStroyService (technogenic deposit "Tailing dump of the Zmeinogorsk barite-washing factory") - 2.0 t.

The deposit of sodium sulfate lake. Kuchuk in the Blagoveshchensk region is operated by OJSC Kuchuksulfat. Extraction is carried out by geotechnological method. In 2017, production amounted to 956.0 thousand tons of 100% sodium sulfate.

Natural soda is produced by Altaysoda LLC at the Mikhailovsky deposit in the Mikhailovsky district. The deposit unites a group of interconnected soda lakes - Tanatar 1–6 and Kucherpak. There was no production in 2017. The natural soda extraction site is mothballed until the economic situation in the industry improves. During the conservation period of the deposit, it is planned to build a plant for the production of soda ash.

The Burlinskoye salt deposit (Slavgorodsky district) is being developed by LLC Altai Salt Mining Company. Mining is carried out by mining. In 2017, 54.4 thousand tons of table salt were mined.

The Vrublevo-Agafievsky deposit of cement raw materials (Zarinsky and Kytmanovsky districts) is being developed by Cement OJSC, which has a cement plant in the village. Golukha, Zarinsky district. In 2017, production amounted to 127 thousand tons of limestone and 7 thousand tons of clay. The cement plant produced 99.4 thousand tons of cement.

Soil and land resources

The total area of the land fund of the region is 15799.6 thousand hectares. Plowed land - 40.6%.

In the Altai Territory, 105.7 thousand hectares are irrigated, of which 99.5 thousand hectares are arable. There are 8.5 thousand hectares of drained land in the region, the main share is in fodder lands - 7.3 thousand hectares. Waterlogged and swampy lands, located mainly in the floodplains of the forest-steppe zone, are exposed to drainage.

The soil cover of the Altai Territory is very diverse, represented by thirteen types of soils, among which chernozems, gray forest and chestnut soils predominate, occupying 88.5% of arable land.

About half of the arable land has a supply of phosphorus, a third of below average is provided with potassium, almost everywhere plants need nitrogen fertilizers and are insufficiently supplied with zinc, sulfur, cobalt and molybdenum.

Soil acidification. Soils with an acid reaction of the environment occupy about 18% of agricultural and 14.5% of arable land in the region.

Salinization, alkalinization of soils. Saline soils in the region occupy 1042.1 thousand hectares, solonetzic soils and solonetzic complexes - 827.2 thousand hectares. At the same time, there are 982.6 thousand hectares of saline and 807.2 thousand hectares of solonetz and solonetz soils in agricultural land. In arable land, saline soils occupy 295.8 thousand ha, solonetzic and solonetzic complexes - 323.7 thousand ha.

Features of the region's economy

In the structure of the gross regional product, the shares of industry, agriculture, and trade predominate. These types of activities form 56.7% of the total GRP. Economic growth in the region is facilitated by a favorable business climate and increased business activity, the development of public, transport and engineering infrastructure.

The modern structure of the industrial complex is characterized by a high proportion manufacturing industries(over 80% in the volume of shipped goods). The leading types of economic activity in industry are the production of food products, engineering products (carriage, boiler, diesel, agricultural engineering, electrical equipment production), the production of coke, rubber and plastic products, as well as chemical production.

Altai Territory is the largest organic food producer in Russia. The region produces about 30% of the total Russian volume of cereals, including about 60% of buckwheat, more than 40% of oatmeal; about 30% pearl barley and barley; more than 20% breakfast cereal products; more than 15% whey dry; 11% flour from cereals and legumes; 13% cheese, 10% pasta; 7% butter. The region occupies a significant share in the production of functional products.

Altai Krai ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of sown area of grain and leguminous crops. The yield of grain and leguminous crops in weight after processing is more than 5.0 million tons (4th place in Russia), buckwheat production is about 500 thousand tons (1st place in Russia). The Altai Territory is the only region from the Urals to the Far East that grows sugar beet: the production of sugar beet amounted to about 1.0 million tons.

Altai Krai traditionally occupies a high position among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the volume of production of livestock products. The Altai Territory is one of the largest producers of high-quality beef in Russia; in terms of its production, it ranks 5th among the regions. In the rating of subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of cattle in all categories of farms, the region ranks 4th, in terms of the number of pigs - 15th.

Altai Territory is located at the intersection of transcontinental transit cargo and passenger flows, in close proximity to large raw materials and processing regions. Highways connecting Russia with Mongolia, Kazakhstan, a railway linking Central Asia with the Trans-Siberian Railway, international airlines pass through the territory of the region. Federal highways P265 and A349 pass through the territory of the region. The length of public roads is 55.6 thousand km - this is 1st place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The geographical position of the region and its high transport accessibility open up great opportunities for establishing strong economic and trade ties at the interregional and international levels.

Recreational potential in combination with the favorable climate of the south of Western Siberia, the rich historical and cultural heritage provide an opportunity for the development of various types of tourism, sports and recreation in the Altai Territory. The region also has unique natural healing resources necessary for the development of sanatorium and resort complexes and is one of the largest centers of the health industry in Russia. The network of tourist facilities is represented in 63 out of 69 municipalities of the region, and more than half of its cities and districts are zones of active tourism development, in a third of the territories of the region guest houses provide rural tourism services.

The policy of the Altai Territory is aimed at creating the most favorable conditions for attraction of investments: improving the forms of state support for business, developing infrastructure (transport, energy), strengthening the economic position of the region in Russia and abroad, ensuring the legal rights of owners, public discussion of regulatory legal acts in the field of investment and entrepreneurial activity.

Altai Territory… You can often hear about this region from various sources. And this is not at all surprising, since it is very interesting. It is probably best known for its unique nature. The magnificent mountains impress many tourists. However, this is not all that this region can boast of. It has a well-developed industry and economy, as well as cultural life. The article will consider the population of large cities located here, as well as much more.

Altai Territory - general characteristics

First you need to get acquainted with general information about the region. This is one of the subjects of our country, which is included in the Altai Territory is quite large, it occupies a large territory. Its area is about 166697 sq. kilometers.

The center of the region is the city of Barnaul, which will be discussed later. This region has existed for a long time, it was formed in 1937.

The region is located in the southeast. It has a common border with Kazakhstan. The neighboring regions of Russia are the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions.

It is worth saying a few words about such an important component as the population of the Altai Territory. In different parts of the region, there are different trends related to the number of inhabitants. This will be discussed a little later.

It is also important to note the extraordinary local nature. Of course, the climate here is quite severe, mainly due to large differences. The difference between the temperature in the warm and cold seasons can be about 90-95 C.

The population of the Altai Territory - how many people live here?

So, we got a little acquainted with the region itself. Now is the time to talk about its population. We can say that these are quite serious numbers. As of the beginning of 2016, the number of inhabitants of the subject of the country was 2,376,744 people. Indeed, if you compare the Altai Territory with other regions, you can see that this is a fairly populated place. Most of the people live in cities. Their share is about 56%. Despite this, the population density in the region is extremely low - only 14 people per 1 sq. km. kilometer.

If we talk about the dynamics of the number of people in these places, then we can say that recently there has been a steady downward trend. This process has been going on here for a long time. It started in 1996 and continues to the present day. Thus, we discussed a little the population of the Altai Territory. Now it is worth moving on to a more detailed consideration of it.

National composition of the population

General information about the number of inhabitants and its dynamics in recent years was discussed a little higher. Now it's time to talk about the national composition of the local population. You can immediately tell that he is incredibly rich here. Representatives of more than 100 nationalities live in these places. For the most part, such a diversity of peoples is associated with the history of these places.

Most of the population is Russian (almost 94% of all residents). Often there are Germans (just over 2%), Ukrainians (1.3%), Kazakhs (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Armenians (0.3%).

Thus, we see that the national composition here is rich and is represented by various peoples who have been living here for a long time. Of course, as in other regions of the country, here the population is unevenly distributed among the districts. The same can be said about the distribution of all the peoples living here on the territory of the Altai Territory.

Administrative-territorial division of the region

Now it is worth talking about how management is carried out in this subject of our country. At the moment, there are many units that are part of the region. It is important to note that the administrative center here is the city of Barnaul. Altai Territory includes the following territorial units: rural areas - 58, village councils - 647, cities of regional significance - 9, cities of regional significance - 3, national district - 1, intracity districts - 5, ZATO - 1, district significance - 4, rural administrations - 5.

Also, in order to understand what areas of the Altai Territory exist, you need to talk about the municipal division. The region includes the following components: municipal districts - 50, rural settlements - 647, urban settlements - 7, urban districts - 10.

It is also worth talking about where the administration of the Altai Territory is located. It is located in the city of Barnaul. Her address: Lenina Avenue, 59.

Major cities and regions

So, we talked about which areas include the region where the administration of the Altai Territory is located. Now it is worth talking about the large cities that are located here. Naturally, the largest city is the administrative center - that is, the city of Barnaul.

However, there are other large settlements that need to be considered separately. Among them are Biysk, Rubtsovsk, Novoaltaisk, Zarinsk and others. Of course, they are much smaller than Barnaul, but they also deserve attention. Later we will talk about some of them in more detail.

It is also necessary to note the largest areas of the region. Their list includes Kamensky, Biysk, Pavlovsky, Pervomaisky and other areas.

Barnaul

Of course, it is worth starting a detailed story from the largest settlement, which is included in the Altai Territory. Cities here vary greatly, both in size and in population. So, let's start with the city of Barnaul. It appeared quite a long time ago, its history goes back several centuries. The settlement was founded in 1730, and in 1771 it already received the status of a city. Thus, we see that for many years there has been such a wonderful city as Barnaul. The population, according to data received in 2016, is about 635,585 people. If we compare it with other large settlements in Russia, then it takes 21st place.

The city is also of great importance in the industrial, economic, cultural and scientific life of the region. Various educational institutions, research institutes are open here. Also in the village there are many cultural monuments that date back to the XVIII-XX centuries.

The transport networks of the city are well developed, as it is an important hub at the intersection of many routes. Not far from the village is the airport of the same name. It is located 17 kilometers from the city.

Thus, we got acquainted with such a wonderful city as Barnaul. Population, history, transport, culture - all this, and some other points have been considered in detail.

Biysk

It's time to move on to the next settlement, which is rightfully considered the second in the region after Barnaul. This interesting city is called Biysk. Its population is 203826 people. Recently, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of inhabitants.

This wonderful city was founded in 1709, during the reign of Peter I. Now it is a real science city (it was given this status in 2005), as well as a large industrial center. The Biyskaya CHPP also operates here, which provides electricity to many enterprises and residential buildings.

Interestingly, the city is conducting research in the field of chemistry, as well as its use in the defense industry. In addition, the city is also the agricultural center of the entire region. Biysk, like Barnaul, is a major transport hub at the intersection of several important highways. The street road network in the city is also well developed, the total length of roads is about 529 kilometers.

So, we have reviewed the basic information about such an interesting city as Biysk: population, economy, transport and much more.

Rubtsovsk

Another large city in the Altai Territory is Rubtsovsk. Now it is a fairly large settlement. The number of its inhabitants is 146386 people. The last few years here, as well as in other cities of the region, there has been a decline in the number of population. Despite this, it is in 121st place in terms of the number of inhabitants from all cities of Russia (it should be noted that a total of 1114 cities are included in the list).

The settlement was founded in 1892, and in 1927 it already received the status of a city.

In Soviet times, it was one of the leading industrial centers throughout Western Siberia. However, in the 1990s, many enterprises ceased to function.

Large districts of the region

So, we examined the main settlements that are located in a region such as the Altai Territory. The cities with which we met are indeed large industrial centers and are of great importance for the entire region.

However, a few words should be said separately about the regions of the Altai Territory. The largest of them is Kamensky (its population is 52,941 people). Its administrative center is the city of Kamen-on-Obi. Another important area is Pavlovsky. 40835 people live here.

Thus, we got acquainted with the Altai Territory, learned about its population, as well as about large cities and regions of the region.

The Altai Territory is just a magical place, captivating with its pristine beauty and incredible natural reserves. Hundreds of thousands of tourists come here every year not only from Russia and the former Soviet republics, but also from foreign countries, where there are legends about the healing power of the Altai land. Many tourists stop for a vacation at numerous camp sites, but others prefer to live in cities. It is the most famous cities of the Altai Territory that became the topic of this article.

Altai Territory: description

If you have never come to Altai, we advise you to do it as soon as possible. The energy of these places has long been considered beneficial. Historians and local historians call the Altai Territory a treasure trove of the country, where almost all natural areas are collected. Here you will find mountains, plains, steppes and even tundra. There are only a few places like this on the entire planet. The indigenous people of Altai believe that their land is special, and it can really present a lot of mysteries. It is here that the most anomalous zones are located, and shamans can tell a lot of incredible stories related to the spirits of these places that still live on earth.

Incredibly, seventeen thousand rivers flow through the Altai lands, and thirteen thousand large lakes with the purest water are the pride of the region. Many cities of the Altai Territory are as original as the nature of this region. They can compete in beauty with recognized world capitals and provide tourists with a high level of comfort. In addition, each of the major cities in this area has its own characteristics.

Cities of Altai: general characteristics

The cities of the Altai Territory, without exaggeration, can be called ancient human settlements. Many of them were formed in places where shamans and local residents lived thousands of years ago. This fact speaks of the incredibly beneficial energy of these settlements, because our ancestors knew how to choose places to live in terms of energy fields and never made a mistake in their choice.

Now there are eleven large cities in Altai. We will tell you about four of them, because they are more known to our compatriots than others (they are arranged in descending order of the number of inhabitants):

Barnaul;
Biysk;
Rubtsovsk;
Slavgorod.

The difference between the population of Barnaul, which tops our list, and Slavgorod may surprise anyone. Judge for yourself - 652,000 people and 32,000 people. Moreover, the cities of the Altai Territory for the most part have a small population, despite the well-developed infrastructure and industry of the region.

City of Barnaul (Altai Territory)

Barnaul is the capital of the Altai Territory, which explains the large number of residents of the city. You can talk about this center of the region for quite a long time, but we decided to collect some interesting facts that most clearly characterize Barnaul:

ancient people settled on the site of today's capital, their sites were found by archaeologists in large numbers;
the official date of foundation of the city is 1730, when a delegation led by a merchant arrived in these territories to build a metallurgical plant;
the infrastructure of the city is very well developed, it even has its own modern airport;
The Demidov plant served as a kind of testing ground for a mass of inventions that managed to give impetus to the development of industry;
more than fifteen different nationalities lived on the territory of today's Barnaul at different times;
at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the average wealth of the population of the city was so high that their houses often had more than twenty-six rooms;
at the end of the twentieth century, fabrics from Barnaul participated in prestigious French exhibitions;
the city became the birthplace of an unusual drink - milk champagne.

Barnaul has always been the cultural center of Siberia and the Far East, the first libraries, theaters and museums were opened here. It can be said that even now the city holds the lead among all other settlements of the Altai Territory in terms of the standard of living of the population and the development of infrastructure.

City of Biysk, Altai Territory

Biysk is often called a science city; it ranks second in terms of population and amenities after Barnaul. Its population is 219,000 people.

The city is more than three hundred years old, and it was one of the six settlements built by the personal decree of Peter I. Initially, Biysk was built as a defensive structure and only a few years later began to grow with civilians.

Everyone who dreams of visiting the Altai mountains comes here. All routes to Mongolia also begin here, because it is Biysk that is the starting point of the Chuisky tract, which is a kind of trade route connecting the two countries.

There are a lot of educational institutions in the city (more than fifteen universities), from nearby villages the population goes to get education here.

Rubtsovsk: characteristics of the city

The city of Rubtsovsk (Altai Territory) appeared on the map of the country at the end of the nineteenth century, only then it had the status of a village. Only in the twenties of the last century the village turned into a city and began to grow significantly. This was facilitated by the convenient location of the settlement, because the residents of Rubtsovsk enjoy sunny days as much as the residents of Crimea. Amazing statistic, isn't it?

The city is the third largest in the Altai Territory, but at the same time one of the worst settlements from an environmental point of view. A large number of factories turned it into something smoky and dirty. And the presence in the dangerous vicinity of a nuclear test site suggests an undesirable presence in the vicinity of Rubtsovsk.

Slavgorod: the city next to the pink lake

The city of Slavgorod (Altai Territory) was formed only at the beginning of the twentieth century. It has a surprisingly harmonious layout, this is due to the lands on which it is built. The steppe gave the builders great opportunities, because they were able to build a city that was symmetrical and correct in terms of geometry.

Slavgorod is surrounded on all sides by lakes, most of them are salty. Scientists associate this fact with groundwater and chemical elements in the soil. Two large lakes, Small Yarovoye and Bolshoye Yarovoye, have a supply of healing mud and do not freeze even in severe frosts.

Burlinskoye Lake, which is part of the territorial boundaries of Slavgorod, is an incredible and fabulous picture - its shores have a bright pink color, and the water itself sometimes takes on a deep crimson hue. This is due to the large deposits of salt that cover the bottom of the lake. It has been mined here since time immemorial.

Each city of the Altai Territory is good in its own way, therefore, when you come to these blessed lands, visit at least one of them. And you will immediately feel the spirit and energy of these ancient mysterious places that make people happier.

The central city of the Altai Territory. Altai Krai (map)

Physical and geographical characteristics

Geographical position

Timezone

Relief

Climate

Hydrography

Flora and fauna

Minerals

Specially protected natural areas

Story

Altai Mining District

Modern period

Population

Religion

Authorities

Heraldry

Flag

Coat of arms

Administrative-territorial division

Science and education

culture

Music

Theatre

Festivals

Sport

see also

Notes

Literature

Links

Dossier

History - Altai Territory

Altai Mining District

Altai Krai: Geographical Location

Altai Krai: Climate

Altai Territory: Ecological state

Specially protected natural areas

Population - Altai Territory

National composition

Religion

Authorities

Administrative-territorial division

Altai Territory - general characteristics

The population of the Altai Territory - how many people live here?

National composition of the population

Administrative-territorial division of the region

Major cities and regions

Barnaul

Biysk

Rubtsovsk

Large districts of the region

Altai Territory: description

Cities of Altai: general characteristics

City of Barnaul (Altai Territory)

City of Biysk, Altai Territory

Rubtsovsk: characteristics of the city

Slavgorod: the city next to the pink lake