The man choked: how to provide first aid. How people actually drown - everyone should know! What to do if a person drowns

1. Shout to a drowning person that they will save him now.

2. Look around for a life-saving device nearby. It can be anything that will increase the buoyancy of a person and that you are able to throw (lifebuoy, camera, rope).

If there is nothing suitable, without wasting time rush to help.

3. Take off your shoes, undress if possible or turn pockets inside out.

4. To a panicked drowning man it is necessary swim only behind without letting him grab your arm or neck. Take the drowning man by the clothes (preferably by the collar) or armpits, turn him face up so that he is above the water all the time. In this position, the victim should be brought to shore as soon as possible.

Sometimes it is possible to grab the victim by the hair, but wet hair easily slips out of the hands.

If the drowning one has captured you- take a breath and dive under the water, then the drowning person, trying to stay at the surface, will let you go.

! Do not stun the victim, because a conscious person is easier to bring to shore (he helps to keep himself on the surface).

To deliver the victim to the shore, use various tricks:

The lifeguard floats on its side:

With the help of leg movements and strokes of the “lower” hand, and with the “upper” hand, the rescuer holds the drowning person by the shoulder or forearm of the opposite hand, passing his hand on top of the victim’s hand of the same name and under his back.

The lifeguard floats on his back:

With the help of crawl leg movements, while the victim is turned on his back, the rescuer holds his chin with straight arms (in no case squeezing his throat!) or under the armpits.

Pulling ashore, examine the victim:

5. If a person is conscious.

It is necessary to warm the victim and calm:

take off wet clothes, rub with warm hands, change into dry clothes, give a hot drink, when excited - 25-30 drops of valerian tincture.

6. If a person is unconscious, but the pulse and breathing are preserved:

Lay the victim with a raised foot end, turn his head to the side. To bring to consciousness - to give a smell of a pair of ammonia. Remove clothing and rub vigorously to restore blood circulation, then wrap in warm, dry clothing. Introduce analeptics (cordiamin 1 ml, IM).

7. If a person is in a terminal state on the shore, deck or boat, it is necessary to clean the victim's nose, oral cavity and pharynx from sand, silt, mucus as soon as possible. Turn your head to the side and restore the patency of the upper respiratory tract with a finger wrapped in a napkin.

8. In the "blue drowned" (before starting resuscitation), you need to remove water from the stomach and lungs.

Sharply press on the root of the tongue, if the drowned person has vomiting and coughing, remove water from the stomach and lungs.

The victim is laid face down on the ground (a) or belly on the thigh of the rescuer's leg bent at the knee so that the head and shoulders hang down (b) and, with sharp jerky movements, compress the lateral surfaces of the chest for at least 10 - 15 seconds.

After removal of water in the absence of breathing and pulse on the carotid arteries, you should immediately start mechanical ventilation and NMS.

The “pale drowned man” can be revived faster, because their heart contractions do not stop (with laryngospasm). After being removed from the water, they immediately proceed to resuscitation measures.

After drowning in cold water, a person in a state of clinical death is in deep hypothermia. In the brain, as in the whole body immersed in ice water, metabolic processes almost completely stop. Low t environment significantly delays the onset of biological death.

9. After resuscitation, both the “blue drowned man” and the “pale drowned man” must be warmed up. Rub the whole body with dry warm hands or clothes to restore blood circulation, and then wrap in warm dry clothes, blankets.

10. Deliver the victim to the medical facility. If there was no intubation, it is necessary to transport the victim on his side with the head end of the stretcher lowered.

Before children go to camps, hikes, picnics, adults should familiarize children with safety rules at water facilities.

If you are relaxing near a pond with children, then be sure to keep an eye on them, even if the guys are playing in shallow water, because there is a chance that during the games the child may fall and choke. Children can learn to swim only under the supervision of adults.

It is not recommended to enter the water hot. Do not swim far from the shore, do not swim beyond the warning signs (buoys). Swim in specially designated and equipped areas. Never swim alone, especially if you are not confident in your abilities. Do not give false distress signals.

Do not play grappling games in the water - in the heat of excitement, you can cause your partner to inhale water instead of air and lose consciousness. Do not grab each other's arms and legs while playing on the water.

It is dangerous to jump (dive) into the water in an unknown place - you can hit your head on the ground, a snag, a pile, etc., break your cervical vertebrae, lose consciousness and die.

Those who cannot swim can swim only in specially equipped places with a depth of no more than 1.2 meters.

You can't swim while intoxicated.

What to do if a person drowns:

Immediately call out loudly for help: “The man is drowning!”

Ask to call rescuers and an ambulance.

Throw a life buoy to a drowning person, a long rope with a knot at the end.

If you are a good swimmer, take off your clothes and shoes and swim to the drowning one. Talk to him. If you hear an adequate answer, feel free to offer him a shoulder as a support and help him swim to the shore. If a drowning person is in a panic, grabs you and drags you into the water, use force. If you are unable to free yourself from the grip, take a deep breath and dive under the water, pulling the person being rescued with you. He will definitely let you go. If a drowning person is unconscious, you can transport him to the shore, holding him by the hair.

If you drown yourself:

Do not panic.
Remove excess clothing, shoes, shout, call for help.
Roll over onto your back, spread your arms wide, relax, take a few deep breaths.
Don't forget to take a safety pin with you before you go swimming. It will help you if cramps begin in the water. If you have a cramped leg, and you don’t have a pin with you, pinch the calf muscle several times. If that doesn't work, grab your big toe firmly and straighten it sharply. Swim to the shore.

You choke on water

Do not panic, try to turn around with your back to the wave.
Press your arms bent at the elbows to the lower part of your chest and take a few sharp exhalations, helping yourself with your hands.
Then clear your nose of water and make several swallowing movements.
After restoring your breath, lie down on your stomach and move towards the shore.
Call people for help if necessary.

Rules for assisting with drowning:

Turn the victim face down, lower the head below the pelvis.
Cleanse the mouth.
Press firmly on the root of the tongue.
With the appearance of vomiting and cough reflexes - to achieve complete removal of water from the respiratory tract and stomach.
If there are no vomiting movements and pulse - put on the back and start resuscitation (artificial respiration, chest compressions). If signs of life appear, turn face down, remove water from the lungs and stomach.
Call an ambulance.

If a person has already plunged into the water, do not stop trying to find him at a depth, and then bring him back to life. This can be done if the drowned person was in the water for no more than 6 minutes.

Do not leave the victim unattended, as cardiac arrest can occur at any time. Also, you can not independently transport the victim, if possible, then you need to call the rescue service.

Today I want to continue the theme of summer holidays, but with a focus on water.

Of course, I would like the essence of the article to be as easy as its beginning, but, unfortunately, this will not work out here. Because the sun is getting hotter. Water in the sea and other bodies of water is warming up. The number of picnics is increasing. The degree in the body of many people rises, and sanity often fades into the background. The result is drowning. Moreover, as statistics and news reports show, people, despite all the warnings and other preventive measures, still continue to drown. The reason in most cases is heat, alcohol, water - a cramp, loss of consciousness ...

Our mind can replace the three dots of the previous paragraph with “drowned man”, but I want to replace them with “saved person”, who next time will be more conscious about his own safety on the water.

Let's look, dear readers, how we can help in a situation where a person begins to drown and needs the help of another person. Moreover, after pulling a person out of the water, it is also necessary to provide him with first aid. So…

Help a drowning man. What to do?

If you saw a drowning person, no matter how trite it sounds, you must:

1. Pull a person out of the water;
2. Call an ambulance;
3. Provide him with first aid.

These 3 points, if done correctly and quickly, are actually the key to a successful conclusion to the situation. Delays are not allowed!

1. Pulling a drowning person out of the water

A drowning person in most cases panics, does not hear words, and does not understand what is happening. He grabs for everything that is possible and this becomes dangerous for the person who wants to save him.

If a person is conscious

To pull a person out of the water, if he is conscious, throw him a floating object - an inflatable ball, a board, a rope, etc., so that he can grab onto it and calm down. Thus, you can safely pull it out.

If the person is unconscious or weak:

1. While still on the shore, get as close as possible to the drowning person. Be sure to take off your shoes, excess clothing (or at least heavy ones), turn out your pockets. Jump into the water and approach the drowning man.

2. If a person has already gone under water, dive after him and try to see him or feel him.

3. When you find a person, turn him over on his back. If a drowning person starts grabbing you, quickly get rid of his grip:

- if a drowning person grabbed you by the neck or torso, then grab him by the lower back with one hand, and push his head away with the other hand, resting on his chin;
- if you grabbed a hand, then twist it and pull it out of the hands of a drowning man.

If such methods do not help to get rid of the grip, then take air into your lungs and dive, the drowning person will change the grip, and you will be able to free yourself from it at this time.

Try to act calmly and do not show cruelty to a drowning person.

4. Transport the drowning person to the shore. There are several methods for this:

- Being behind, clasp your chin with your palms on both sides and row towards the shore with your feet;
- put your left hand under the arm of the left hand of the drowning person, at the same time, grab with your left hand also the wrist of his right hand, row with your feet and with one hand;
- take the victim by the hair with your hand and put his head on your forearm, row with your feet and with one hand.

2. First aid to a drowning person (First aid)

When you pulled the victim ashore, urgently call an ambulance and immediately begin to provide him with first aid.

1. Get on one knee next to the injured person. Lay him on your knee, belly down, and open his mouth. At the same time, press with your hands on his back so that the water that he swallowed flows out of him. The victim may appear and - this is normal.

If the person is semi-conscious and is vomiting, do not let him lie on his back or he may choke on the vomit. If necessary, help remove vomit, mud, or other substances that interfere with normal breathing from his mouth.

2. Lay the victim on their back and remove any excess clothing. Put something under his head so that it is a little elevated. To do this, you can use his own clothes, twisted into a roller or your knees.

3. If a person does not breathe for 1-2 minutes, it can be fatal.

Signs of cardiac arrest are: lack of pulse, breathing, dilated pupils.

If these signs are present, immediately begin to take resuscitation measures - do "mouth to mouth" and.

Draw air into your lungs, pinch the victim's nose, bring your mouth close to the victim's mouth and exhale. It is necessary to do 1 exhalation in 4 seconds (15 exhalations per minute).

Place your palms on top of each other on the victim's chest between his nipples. In the pauses between exhalations (during artificial respiration), do 4 rhythmic pressures. Press on the chest quite hard - so that the sternum moves down by about 4-5 cm, but no more, so as not to aggravate the situation and additionally harm the person.

If the affected person is elderly, then the pressure should be gentle. If the injured child, then press not with the palm of your hand, but with your fingers.

Give artificial respiration and chest compressions until the person is awake. Don't give up and don't give up. There were cases when a person came to his senses even after an hour of such measures.

It is most convenient to resuscitate together, so that one would do artificial respiration, and the second.

4. After breathing is restored, before the ambulance arrives, lay the person on their side so that they lie stably, cover and warm them.

If an ambulance cannot arrive, but there is a car, follow all the above points in the car while driving to the nearest medical facility.

May the Lord keep us all, dear readers, from such situations.

Help a drowning man - video

In June, not far from the village of Ulyun, Barguzinsky district, a teenager died trying to save his drowning brother. Swimming in the middle of the reservoir, the two youngest of the four brothers fell into a strong current. Seeing this, the older brother swam to their aid, but managed to save only one. The second was carried away by the current, after which, tired of fighting, the child began to drown. The second older brother, a 17-year-old boy, rushed to save him. However, both boys drowned.

How to prevent a tragedy on the water? What to do if you feel that you are starting to drown? How to save a drowning person? We will try to answer these questions.

How to prevent an accident?

First of all, you should not swim in places where the depth is more than 1.5 meters. With cramps or lack of strength, you can get on your feet and avoid an accident.
It is also extremely dangerous to dive in unfamiliar places - dangerous objects can be under water. The best rest is on a specially equipped beach, where the bottom of the reservoir is checked and cleaned and where there is a lifeguard post.
Do not leave children unattended on water bodies. Control the behavior of teenagers on the water: do not allow pranks related to diving and capturing swimmers, giving false alarms, and so on.
Of course, it is extremely dangerous to swim while intoxicated. As they say, "a drunken swimmer is a potential drowning man."
Do not get cold by being in the water for a long time to avoid chills and cramps. If your leg cramps while swimming, submerge your head in the water for a couple of seconds to straighten your leg and pull your foot strongly towards you by the big toe.

What to do if you start to sink?

First. Don't panic. Most drowning people make the fatal mistake of frantically beating the water with their hands and trying to take a breath of air. As a result, the forces run out, and the person goes to the bottom. Take in air into your lungs and relax your muscles, then your body will no longer sink into the water, even if you do not move your arms and legs.

You can also roll over on your stomach or back, spread your arms and legs as wide as possible and breathe without exhaling the air completely. With your hands, lightly rake the water under you and swim to the nearest shore.

Second. Call others for help - people on the shore, due to the long distance, usually do not notice the onset of drowning. If you are swimming with someone, try not to lose sight of them - you may not have enough breath to cry for help. This is especially true for children.

Third. With a strong current (when you swim in the river), you do not need to waste your energy fighting the whirlpool. Don't try to swim across the river. Move with the flow towards the shore - so you will have the strength to swim to the shore alive and unharmed.

Rules for rescuing a drowning person

First of all, you need to loudly and clearly shout to the drowning man that you are going to help.
The deadline during which a person can be brought back to life after the cessation of breathing and blood circulation is 4-5 minutes.
If you can swim, learn how to help drowning people. You need to swim from behind. It is best to grab a drowning person from behind by the shoulders so that he cannot cling to you and pull you to the bottom.
In some cases, it is allowed to bring a drowning person out of a state of panic with a few slaps in the face.
On the shore, call the emergency services and, if you know how to provide first aid, perform resuscitation. Remember to clear the nose and mouth of the victim from sand and mud, and then throw out the water from the stomach and respiratory tract.
Only after that you need to put the victim on his back, throw back his head and start doing artificial respiration, combined with an indirect heart massage. If possible, it is better to entrust this to specialists - rescuers or doctors.
Even if the victim is conscious, call the doctors, then offer him hot tea, cover him with a blanket - in some cases, those rescued already on the shore die from hypothermia.

Teach children the rules of behavior on the water;
Children can drown in less than two minutes even in small amounts of water - be sure to securely close wells, bathtubs, barrels, etc.;
Teach children to swim from an early age;
Children should know not to swim without adult supervision;
Be sure to use children's life jackets of the appropriate size - for all types of water recreation (boats, rafts, pedal boats, bananas, boats, yachts, etc.)

A drowning person behaves differently than they are shown in films - he does not wave his arms and shout: "Help!" This was told by the American rescuer Francesco Pia. He introduced the concept of "the instinctive reaction of a drowning man." It is indicated by the following signs:

His mouth goes under the water, then appears on the surface, but he cannot breathe and call for help. That is, they drown, as a rule, silently.
The drowning man does not wave - his arms are extended to the sides. He does this instinctively, trying to push off the water and float up.
He cannot make meaningful movements: grab the circle or reach out to those who have come to help.
While the instinctive reaction of a drowning person is manifested, a person is vertically in the water. It can stay on the surface for 20 to 60 seconds. And then it goes completely underwater.

Those who shout, call for help, wave their hands also need help. But this is a completely different stage - panic in the water. It may precede the instinctive reaction of the drowning person and usually does not last long. But in this case, a drowning person can still help his rescuers. For example, reach out to them or grab the circle.

It happens that the main sign that a person is drowning is his dissimilarity to a drowning person. It looks like he's just floating on the water and looking at you. Ask if he's okay. And if he doesn't respond, you have less than 30 seconds to get him out.
Mario Vittone, lifeguard

There are other signs that a person urgently needs help:

Head thrown back, open mouth.
Closed or glassy eyes that do not focus on anything.
Trying to roll over onto your back.
Movements reminiscent of climbing a rope ladder.

If you find a person with the instinctive reaction of a drowning man, you can not hesitate. For such cases, Francesco Pia developed a technique called Pia Carry. You need to swim up to the victim from behind and from below, clasp the waist with one hand, push the head and shoulders of the drowning person above the water, and row to the shore with the other hand.

How not to drown yourself

The body is lighter than water, so they usually drown when they panic. Try experimenting.

Immerse yourself at a shallow depth in the water, tighten your legs. You will feel the water pushing you up. Remember this feeling.

Roll over onto your back and relax. The head can be completely submerged in water. The main thing is that the nose and mouth remain on the surface.

Calmness is a guarantee that you, even without knowing how to swim well, will be able to stay on the water for quite a long time.

If you still panic:

Do not raise your hands up, do not beat them on the water. Move them in the very thickness of the water: in this case, it is easier to keep your head on the surface.
Move your legs as if you were walking down the street.
Take as much air into your lungs as possible as soon as possible. The body will immediately become lighter. And try to relax.

Things to remember when entering the water

1. Never drunk. Especially lying on mattresses or on inflatable circles.

2. Remember that during the hottest hours (from 12.00 to 16.00) in the water you can get sunstroke and lose consciousness. Don't take risks.

3. Do not swim alone, especially in unfamiliar waters. Let there always be someone nearby who will follow you and, if necessary, provide assistance.

4. If you have swum far and are tired, rest. Roll over on your back, relax, rest in the form of an "asterisk". After restoring your breath, slowly move towards the shore.

5. If you are carried away by the current, do not resist: wait until it weakens and slowly move towards the shore.

Very dangerous (rip current). They arise near the coast and lead directly to the open sea or ocean. Such currents can be carried several hundred meters from the coast. The best tactic is not to swim against the current, but parallel to the shore. Usually the rips are several meters wide, so getting out of them is easy. Save your strength.

6. If your muscles are cramped, act energetically:

Hip cramps can be relieved by bending the knee and pressing the heel against the buttock.
The abdominal muscles will relax if you pull your legs up to your stomach.
The reduced calf muscle will be helped by moving forward: pull your leg out of the water and pull the foot with your hands towards you.
The cramp of the hand will pass if you sharply squeeze and unclench your fingers several times.

Calmness and awareness are the main helpers in extreme situations on the water. Always remember this.